interviewer: where chickens would be kept? {X} 779: a chicken pen interviewer: mm-kay what about buildings for chickens? did you ever? 779: buildings for chickens? um no I don't know anything about 'em {C: laughing} interviewer: what what would you call something that um a small thing that you can shut say a mother hen and her baby chicks up in? 779: um chicken brooder? interviewer: mm-kay what about a coop or {D: kook} or? 779: yeah chicken coop interviewer: what was that like? or what do you think that is? 779: uh well as I remember well they used to put little bitty baby chickens in 'em it was just a little wi- it was a wire little wire interviewer: mm-hmm 779: cage deal interviewer: they wouldn't put the mother in there with 'em? um 779: uh I don't uh remember seeing the mother in there they would put these little bitty chickens you know in {C: mic bump} there and put a light in there to keep 'em warm and all this interviewer: what would you call a hen on a nest of eggs? and she's waiting for 'em to hatch you know she's a 779: uh well I know what {C: laughing} she's doing is that {C: laughing} uh what would you call her {C: laughing} interviewer: well what would you say she's doing? 779: laying eggs interviewer: did you ever hear of a um called a setting hen or a 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 brooder # 779: yeah setting hen interviewer: mm-hmm if you wanted to make a {C: informant coughs} a hen start laying what could you put in the nest to fool it? 779: a plastic egg? I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: what if it was made out of uh what what would is that made out of? that's 779: glass? interviewer: or another name for that 779: china? interviewer: what would you call an egg made out of that? it wouldn't be a plastic egg it'd be a 779: glass egg or a china egg? interviewer: okay did you ever hear of a china egg? 779: no interviewer: and when you're eating chicken um there's a bone like this 779: pulley bone? interviewer: mm-kay any stories about that? 779: yes {C: laughing} uh let me see now if you break the pulley bone the one that gets the shortest interviewer: uh-huh 779: piece I believe is supposed to get married first interviewer: does that have any truth to it? 779: no {C: laughing} {C: laughing} interviewer: and did you ever hear a name for the short piece or the long piece when you break it? 779: no interviewer: and where would people um keep potatoes and turnips during the winter? 779: you mean people out in the country now? are we back in the country? uh keep potatoes or turnips? interviewer: uh-huh 779: uh a potato bin? mm interviewer: did y'all did people in your neighborhood um have gardens and things or? 779: uh yeah some of 'em interviewer: did y'all ever do that? 779: uh I believe my daddy made a garden one time interviewer: but he didn't usually? 779: no not all the time he didn't interviewer: um what different um well when when you wanna break up the land for planting you break it up with a 779: nowadays they use a tiller interviewer: mm-kay what about a long time ago? 779: a plow interviewer: did you ever hear of different kinds of plow? made for different {X} 779: um mm-mm no interviewer: what about something after you plow you wanna break up the ground finer than that kinda smooth it what what c- could you use? 779: a hoe? interviewer: mm-kay anything #1 else? # 779: #2 {NW} # 779: a shovel? interviewer: what about something that um did you ever hear of a screen tooth? or did you ever hear of a hair or car 779: no interviewer: and do you know anything about raising cotton? 779: no interviewer: do they do that in this part of the country? 779: yes they do you know out on the highways you see it all over the place but I know nothing about it {C: laughing} interviewer: when you you gotta go out with the hoe and kinda thin the cotton out did you ever hear an expression for what you're doing what would you think he's doing there 779: he's thinning it out? uh mm-mm interviewer: #1 what about chopping # 779: #2 I don't know # interviewer: or scraping the cotton? did you ever hear that? 779: probably chopping I don't think they scrape it interviewer: uh-huh what is chopping cotton? or is that something you heard of? 779: I've just heard of it I don't really know maybe they just uh take a hoe and chop it {C: laughing} interviewer: what uh you'd say cotton grows out in the 779: um interviewer: well a big area that's planted you call that a 779: cotton field interviewer: mm-kay what kind of grass grows up in the cotton field? 779: mm what kind of grass like weeds? interviewer: but what different kinds of weeds #1 would you you know # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 {X} # 779: #2 grow # let me see different kinds of weeds I don't know interviewer: say if you had something planted it it wasn't big enough to be called a field what might you call it's just a small area like potatoes or something 779: uh a plot of ground? interviewer: mm-kay and what dif- -ferent kinds of {C: informant coughs or something} fences did people have? 779: uh well they had wooden fences and they had uh barbed wire fences and uh nowadays a lot of them have cyclone fences interviewer: what's a cyclone fence? 779: it's like we've got out there interviewer: is that it's wire or 779: it's wire it's heavy wire real strong interviewer: is there another {C: mic bumps} {D: lick aqueduct} {C: mic bumps} 779: {X} um uh I can't think of it if there is uh interviewer: is that the one that like {C: informant coughs} this 779: yeah mm-hmm #1 it gets sharp huh # interviewer: #2 what about chain link? # 779: chain link fence yeah yeah you can call it some people do call it chain link fence interviewer: but the it's cyclone fence around here? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what about um if you wanted to {C: informant coughs} to set up a a fence you'd have to dig holes for the 779: uh you'd have to dig holes for the uh oh {C: laughing} what do you call 'em? {C: laughing} for the uh {C: laughing} things that hold the fence up {C: laughing} oh dear the poles {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} um what what about a kind of a fence that's made out of wood and they people would have it around their yard and maybe it'd be pointed at the top? it's kind of old fashioned now 779: uh made out of wood? interviewer: uh-huh it has little slats of wood and 779: red wood? interviewer: well no a long a long time ago um they well kinda pointed at the top like that except thinner 779: uh they were white weren't #1 they {C: mic bump} # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: yeah I don't know what you call 'em interviewer: did you ever hear picket fence #1 or? # 779: #2 picket # yes interviewer: huh? 779: yes uh-huh that is a picket fence #1 {D: right there} # interviewer: #2 any other name? # 779: uh no interviewer: what about paling fence or slat fence? 779: never heard of that I've heard of picket interviewer: what about a kind of a fence that would go like this old fashioned made out of wood and going out like that 779: mm you know twine is all I can think of {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a rail fence or Virginia fence or? 779: no mm-mm interviewer: and what is {X} wall made out of loose stone or rock would be called a 779: loose stone or rock just a stone wall or a rock wall interviewer: mm-kay do they have those around here? 779: mm no {C: laughing} interviewer: and going back to the thing a minute ago when you're setting up a fence um you first of all put down the corner what you gonna nail the {X} to say barbed wire 779: the the pole? th- interviewer: or what's another name for pole? 779: um hmm {X} I can't think right now {C: laughing} it does not come to me interviewer: what's what would you dig the holes with? 779: shovel interviewer: {X} did you ever see a 779: um yeah uh {NS} it's got a shovel on each side right? interviewer: yeah 779: a post hole digger interviewer: mm-kay so you dig holes for the 779: for the post interviewer: mm-kay um something you'd carry water in would be a 779: pail? interviewer: mm-kay what's that made out of? 779: uh well they can be made out of tin plastic interviewer: did you ever see something like that made out of say cedar? 779: cedar? no I don't believe interviewer: um what would you carry food to the hogs in? 779: slop bucket? {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay what's the difference between a bucket and a pail? 779: uh a pail has a little spout on it and a bucket does not interviewer: {D: my} a pitcher does to pour you things? 779: mm-hmm sort of like that interviewer: and you could fry eggs in would be a 779: skillet? interviewer: any other names for that? 779: um frying pan interviewer: is there any difference? 779: not that I know of {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever see something um similar to that with little eggs on it that you could put in the fireplace? {X} 779: similar to a skillet? interviewer: uh-huh 779: mm-mm mm interviewer: did you ever hear of something called a spider? 779: no interviewer: and something you could heat the water to {C: informant coughs} make hot tea in would be called a 779: what do you make hot tea in um tea kettle interviewer: did you ever hear of a washcloth reused for clothes called a kettle? 779: yeah interviewer: mm-kay and if you cut some flowers and wanted to keep 'em in the house you could put 'em in a 779: vase interviewer: what would you plant 'em in? 779: what would you plant 'em in? interviewer: mm-hmm to grow 'em in the house 779: oh you mean to plant 'em in for growing them in the house? interviewer: would you call that {C: informant coughs} a vase too or? 779: uh no you'd call it a planter {C: laughing} interviewer: and you were setting the table next to each plate for the person eating it you'd give everybody their 779: now what? interviewer: well like this is called a 779: spoon interviewer: and what else is it 779: knife fork interviewer: mm-kay and you serve steak and it wasn't very tender you might have to put out steak 779: knives interviewer: and the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to go 779: wash the dishes interviewer: and after she washes the dishes to get the suds off she 779: rinses interviewer: and the cloth or rag you use when you're washing? 779: dishrag interviewer: and when you dry them? 779: cook towel interviewer: the thing you use to bathe your face with 779: a washrag interviewer: and to dry yourself 779: towel interviewer: and you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a 779: funnel interviewer: and if you were driving horses and wanted 'em to go faster you'd hit 'em with a 779: uh the reins? interviewer: mm-kay or a 779: whip? interviewer: and nowadays if your lamp wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new 779: light bulb interviewer: and to carry clothes out to hang them on the line you'd carry 'em out in a clothes 779: basket interviewer: and something that they'll make out of uh sugar cane around here 779: something they make out of sugar #1 cane? # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: mm interviewer: 'til it's sticky 779: sugar or honey? interviewer: or like you well what would you put on pancakes? 779: syrup interviewer: mm-kay 779: yeah interviewer: any other names for syrup? 779: molasses {C: Laughs} interviewer: what's the difference? 779: uh I don't know if there is any {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call that? 779: I'd call it syrup interviewer: and did you ever hear of syrup or molasses called long sweetening and short sweetening? 779: mm-mm interviewer: say if you wanted to buy some in the store what would it come in? 779: a glass bottle or it comes in a tin can also if you buy {C: laughing} a big quantity of it interviewer: did you ever hear um a container referred to as a stand? 779: no interviewer: and something that um flour used to come in? 779: used to come in? interviewer: uh-huh {D: fifties gone} flour 779: you talking about a flour bin? isn't isn't that what you put it in? interviewer: what about the big wooden thing? a long time ago 779: #1 maybe flour barrel? # interviewer: #2 you don't see that anymore # mm-kay did you ever see 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: I don't guess they make barrels like that anymore 779: I've never seen one interviewer: I don't think I have either 779: my moth- my grandmother used to put flour in a oh a great big ol' funny looking thing that she would pull out of this ol' uh well it was kind of a thing with uh oh what am I trying to say cabinets in it and I forgot what she would call that thing she's still got that but she doesn't use it for flour but she would dump a whole gob of flour in there and she would she would just pull it out and unscrew a little thingy and get the flour interviewer: she'd have a she'd unscrew something? she had it like in a jar there or what? 779: well it was in poured into a big glass container interviewer: uh-huh 779: and it had a big wide mouth thing right here I don't know what it was called because of the way she gave her flour #1 she doesn't use that anymore # interviewer: #2 I guess it kept it pretty tight # 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {D: like covered} # 779: she did it kept it a long time you know but uh she doesn't need she doesn't I don't know if she even uses that thing but she does use this cabinet thing and it's got a you know a thing like a drainboard made onto it I don't know what you'd call the thing this old-timey piece of furniture interviewer: you know with the the barrel the thing that runs around to hold the wood in place you know it's made of metal you'd call those the 779: band? interviewer: mm-kay any other name for that? 779: mm-mm interviewer: what about something that um well I it can't be {X} what kind of toy that kids would play with {X} 779: #1 a big plastic ring # interviewer: #2 and they call 'em # {D: schoolers} 779: hula hoops? interviewer: did you ever hear referred to the hoops on the barrel? 779: no uh-uh {C: laughing} interviewer: did y'all play with hula hoops? 779: uh no I didn't when I was a child I don't think they even had 'em my children have played with 'em interviewer: I would I just think {X} 779: I couldn't do it now I've tried it when my children would play with 'em and I never could do it alright my kids can {C: laughing} interviewer: what about um something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in? 779: smaller than a barrel? um a keg? interviewer: mm-kay did you ever see a a water barrel or a beer keg? #1 you know the # 779: #2 uh # yeah I guess I did #1 {D: are you} # interviewer: #2 what do you call the # thing that you could turn to get the liquid out? 779: uh I know what you're talking about because a water cooler has {C: laughing} one {C: laughing} uh the faucet? interviewer: okay what would you call the thing out in your yard that you hook your hose up to? 779: hydrant? interviewer: and at the kitchen sink? 779: the faucet interviewer: and if you were taking um corn to the mill to be ground have you done that a lot? 779: yeah {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call the amount that you could take at one time? 779: the amount of corn you could take to the mill uh uh so many ears of corn? Is that what you mean? interviewer: well did you ever hear an expression a turn of corn? 779: mm-mm interviewer: {X} did you ever hear that used {X} {X} 779: a turn? mm no #1 can't say that I did # interviewer: #2 what if you # if you went out and got as much wood as you could carry in both your arms you'd say you had a 779: an armful of wood {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} and on a wagon it didn't have a full load of wood you'd say he just had a 779: partial load? interviewer: did you ever hear people talk about a jag of wood? 779: a jag? interviewer: uh-huh 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and if a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you'd say he was doing what? 779: he's got a load of wood in his wagon? interviewer: uh-huh 779: hmm interviewer: he was would you ever say #1 he # 779: #2 um # interviewer: he's hauling or drawing or carting the wood? 779: mm I'd say he's hauling the wood interviewer: mm-kay and there was a log across the road and say we tied a chain to it and then we 779: pulled it interviewer: or using another word we 779: uh drug it? interviewer: mm-kay you'd say we have what many logs out of the way 779: we have drug many logs out of the way {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} and you say you have to #1 tie the chain # 779: #2 I # interviewer: around it in order to 779: maybe that would be dragged interviewer: {D: what was left what was your following train} 779: I would say dragged interviewer: okay we say we have to tie a chain around it in order to do what 779: to drag it interviewer: and if you wanted to chop a log you might have an X shaped frame like this and you could set the log in and to chop it do you know what I mean? 779: mm-mm interviewer: well like I think it would look something like this here be X shaped maybe and you set the log here 779: oh um to chop it? what and you mean what do you call those things interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 779: #2 fit between # uh I don't know interviewer: what about uh something that's more more common on probably on the one {X} an A shape right? like that and carpenters use it a lot 779: carpenters use oh you're talking about uh a wooden horse? interviewer: mm-kay and something you put in a pistol would be called a 779: bullet? interviewer: or another name for that? 779: uh ammunition? interviewer: or you know these kinds of um ink pens that well they're not too popular anymore but 779: oh a cartridge interviewer: mm-kay and nowadays if you got something at the store the grocer would put it in a 779: sack interviewer: made out of 779: paper interviewer: then something {C: informant coughs} that um flour would come in say twenty-four pounds of it would come in it 779: uh flour sack interviewer: made out of 779: uh well we call- no that's not what we call croker sacks uh do you mean the kind of material? interviewer: yeah would it be cloth or? 779: #1 oh yeah cloth # interviewer: #2 whatever # uh-huh 779: cloth interviewer: any other name for croker sacks? 779: uh let's see croker sacks um hmm you told me that last night didn't you? interviewer: what #1 did you ever hear # 779: #2 {D: I can't} # interviewer: I told you I called this gunny sack #1 did you ever hear it called that? # 779: #2 yeah no uh # I never called it that interviewer: what would come in a croker sack? 779: what would come in a croker sack well all kinds of different things uh I let me see not being around a farm a lot really I don't know but I know they do have different things in 'em uh interviewer: did you ever see potato shoots in 'em? 779: yes yes potatoes interviewer: uh-huh 779: and corn I guess and uh actually and onions interviewer: mm-hmm would you buy 'em at the store for those? 779: #1 no that's # interviewer: #2 croker sacks # 779: not the way I buy 'em interviewer: um say if you opened a bottle and wanted to close it back up you could stick in a 779: #1 to # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 close it back up? # interviewer: #2 {X} # they don't use it anymore but they used to have something you could stick down in there you'd call it a 779: #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 what # 779: know what you mean interviewer: well what's in a wine bottle? 779: a cork? interviewer: mm-hmm would you call something um would you still call it a cork if it's made out of glass like some old medicine bottles used to have or? 779: uh no I don't think so um stick it in the bottle huh? interviewer: well you know like um they have the only place I see 'em nowadays um you know these oil and vinegar things like you use for salad dressing 779: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 and they have the # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: little glass deal uh pharmacies #1 use 'em # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I don't know what you call 'em interviewer: mm-kay but you would call that a cork? 779: no wouldn't call it a cork interviewer: #1 and a musical instrument # 779: #2 call it a # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: huh? 779: I'd call it a lid interviewer: a musical instrument that um you'd blow on like this 779: a flute interviewer: wait no it's only about this long 779: oh a harmonica? interviewer: any other name for that? 779: uh French harp interviewer: mm-kay what about something you do like this? kind of a country thing 779: oh #1 uh # interviewer: #2 you'd put # it in your hold it between your teeth and sort of 779: oh um oh dear what {C: tapping} do you call those things I know I've seen 'em {C: mic bump} interviewer: did you ever hear that called a harp too some kind of harp? 779: yeah I think yeah a small little small deal like a like a big harp interviewer: did you ever hear Jew's harp or 779: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 juice harp # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: juice juice harp {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: it's what I've heard 'em called interviewer: and did you ever see um ever been around wagons or buggies or anything? 779: uh very very little not very much interviewer: if you had a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses you'd call that the 779: you're not talking about the tongue of the wagon now? interviewer: mm-kay and you have a a horse and a buggy then then you don't have a tongue with the buggy you'd have back the horses between the 779: a horse and a buggy interviewer: yeah you'd have a um these small wooden things that come on either side of the horse 779: yeah interviewer: did you ever hear a name for them? 779: no I've seen 'em but I don't know the name for 'em interviewer: and when you have a horse hitched to a wagon the bar of wood that the {D: trace is backing onto} do you know what I mean? 779: #1 yeah I know what you mean # interviewer: #2 you'd have a # looks like um {D: seven years of Y over here} {D: and then you have the stage over here} {X} {D: with one horse it's just over here} and it's got something here and it it {X} 779: mm that's not what you call a bit interviewer: did you ever hear of singletree or swingletree? 779: hmm-mm interviewer: what about doubletree or? 779: hmm-mm interviewer: and the wagon wheels the thing that runs across and connects one wheel to the other is called a 779: connects one wheel to the other? you're not talking about the spokes in the wheel? {NS} #1 excuse me back that way # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: I need to get ready {C: foot noise} interviewer: did you your youngest one how old is she? 779: six I've got one six and one seven one thirteen one sixteen let me unplug this interviewer: okay did she just start to school {C: foot noises} the six year old or is she? 779: she's in kindergarten she was six in January and she'll start in the first grade now what interviewer: this well you have this on a on a car too just the long {X} the piece that connects one wheel to the other 779: #1 oh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: axle? interviewer: uh-huh 779: yeah interviewer: and on a wagon wheel you had the hub and the spokes come out and they fit into the 779: on a wagon wheel? interviewer: uh-huh 779: the spokes interviewer: well like the wheel like that there's the hub and the spokes come out and what do you call the wooden piece that they fit in? 779: uh that's what I call the wheel interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} you know some sometimes it has metal #1 bands around it # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: did you ever hear a special name for that? 779: mm-mm {NS} interviewer: and {NS} you straighten your hair do you use a comb and a {NS} 779: brush interviewer: do you already use that? you say you're going to {NS} 779: brush my hair? {C: ringing noise at loudest} {NS} interviewer: and {NS} you'd sharpen a straight razor using a leather 779: strap interviewer: did you remember seeing those? 779: yes my grandfather used to use 'em interviewer: seems like {C: mic bump} {X} 779: cut? {C: laughing} yeah I don't know how they used 'em but I I used to watch him sharpen his razors on those things and he'd just you know boy he could go fast how I'd have been afraid to myself interviewer: what would you sharpen {C: mic bump} a small knife on? 779: uh well I use my electric knife sharpener interviewer: well back when more people had those so something you can ho- it'd be small enough to where you could hold it in your hand and sharpen a #1 knife on it # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I know what you're talking about it's it's real real rough like uh rougher than sandpaper {C: laughing} oh what do you call those things uh some little block of something interviewer: #1 did you ever hear of a whet block or a whetstone? # 779: #2 can't think of it # yes #1 whetstone's # interviewer: #2 what did you uh-huh # 779: what I've heard of interviewer: #1 what would you sharpen # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: a big tool like an ax on? turn around and around on it 779: hmm I don't know I never saw one sharpened interviewer: and something um say something was squeaking and you had to lubricate it you'd say you had to 779: oil it interviewer: or 779: or lubricate it interviewer: or if you put that hard stuff on it 779: hard stuff? interviewer: what you'd have to do is so your car you have to 779: hard stuff oil it? interviewer: or what do you have to do to a pan before so that food won't stick in it 779: grease it interviewer: and you say yesterday he he did that to his #1 car yesterday # 779: #2 greased # the car interviewer: huh 779: greased the car? interviewer: and grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 779: greasy interviewer: and something that children play on you take a board and it goes up and down like this 779: seesaw interviewer: if you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were 779: seesawing interviewer: did you ever hear another name for seesaw? #1 did you ever hear it called anything else? # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # no interviewer: what about something that {X} and fix it down at both ends and children would jump up and down in the middle of it kinda like a trampoline 779: a board {X} interviewer: joggling board 779: mm-mm interviewer: and you could make a {X} I put it down and it'd spin around and around sorta like a a homemade merry go round 779: flying genie? interviewer: mm-kay did you have those? 779: no {C: laughing} I've seen 'em and I've played on 'em but I didn't have one interviewer: and you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a 779: swing interviewer: and what could you carry coal in? 779: carry coal in? interviewer: uh-huh 779: mm I don't know interviewer: did you ever see those old fashioned stoves? 779: yes interviewer: what would run from the stove to the chimney? 779: from the stove to the chimney you're talking about a flue? interviewer: mm-kay #1 what kind of a # 779: #2 um # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: part that was just is that the flue or? 779: uh well that's what I would call the flue {C: laughing} I believe {C: laughing} interviewer: and something you'd move bricks or something heavy in it has a wheel in the front 779: wheelbarrow? a wheelbarrow interviewer: any other names for that? 779: uh let's see here hmm I have no other names for it interviewer: did you ever hear it called a Georgia buggy? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and something that um people drive nowadays you'd call a 779: car? interviewer: any other names for car? 779: automobile interviewer: and inside the tire of the car they used to have the inner 779: inner tube interviewer: and if you just built a boat and were gonna put it in the water you'd say you were going to what the boat 779: uh not christen no interviewer: but when you set it in the water you say you 779: um oh launch it? interviewer: mm-kay what different kinds of boats do people have around here? 779: uh around here it's mostly fishing boats and we'll some often have ski boats interviewer: what's what different kinds of fishing boats are there? 779: oh gosh don't ask me {C: laughing} uh interviewer: or what what just wooden boats what would what different kinds of just wooden boats? 779: different kinds of wooden boats um well now I'm sure around here not now they don't have uh canoes they don't have them uh I really don't know just plain ol' wooden fishing boats {C: laughing} interviewer: K is it pointed or flat at the end or what? 779: well one end is pointed and at the other end it's straight across interviewer: mm-hmm and do you something people used to burn in lamps 779: {D: Koehler} interviewer: any other name 779: uh mm wait a minute {D: Koehler} um oh I think I know but I can't think of it interviewer: did you ever see anybody make a lamp using a rack in the bottom used coal 779: mm-mm interviewer: did you ever hear of a flambeau? 779: mm-mm {C: laughing} interviewer: and if a child was just learning to dress without the mother {D: going to the clothes and says} here 779: dress yourself interviewer: or she hasn't because she's just not here 779: get dressed interviewer: here what your clothes here 779: put on your clothes interviewer: would you say here is your clothes or here are your clothes or how would you say that? 779: I would say here are your clothes interviewer: and if a child was gonna go to the dentist and he was scared the dentist might say well you don't need to be scared I what gonna hurt you 779: am not interviewer: would you ever use the word ain't? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: do you ever hear that around here? 779: yes interviewer: how would you hear it used? 779: how would I hear the word ain't used? well uh for instance my children {C: laughing} uh they they tell each other I they say I ain't gonna do it {C: laughing} interviewer: and you'd say um if I asked you was that you I saw in town yesterday you might say no it 779: it wasn't I? interviewer: and if a woman wants to buy a dress for a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a 779: sample interviewer: and she sees a dress she likes a lot she'd say the dress is very 779: pretty? interviewer: and a child might say um Suzie's dress is pretty but mine is even 779: prettier interviewer: and something you'd wear over your dress in the kitchen 779: an apron interviewer: and to sign your name in ink you'd use a 779: pen interviewer: and to hold a baby's diaper 779: to hold a baby's #1 diaper # interviewer: #2 diaper # in place you'd use a 779: safety pin interviewer: and a dime is worth 779: ten cents interviewer: and what would a man wear to church on Sunday? 779: a suit interviewer: and if he just bought it it'd be a brand 779: a brand new suit {C: laughs} interviewer: what were the parts of a three piece suit? 779: what are the parts? the pants the coat and the vest interviewer: any other name for pants? 779: trousers? interviewer: what about something that um men used to wear if they were working out around the barn or something and they'd come up 779: uh farmer's pants? {C: laughing} uh you're talking about those little blue jean #1 things? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh I don't know they're farmer's pants {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: uh that's what I would call 'em interviewer: say if you went outside without your coat and you were getting cold and you wanted it you'd ask someone would you run inside and 779: get my coat interviewer: and what it {X} 779: bring interviewer: and you'd say so he went in and he 779: got my coat interviewer: and 779: brought it to me interviewer: and you'd say here I have what you your coat? 779: here I what? interviewer: I have {C: mic bump} what you your coat 779: brought interviewer: and you'd say that coat won't fit this year but last year it 779: it won't fit this year but last year it interviewer: it what perfectly 779: it fit interviewer: and if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them 779: bulge? interviewer: and you'd say that shirt used to fit me but then I washed it and it 779: shrunk interviewer: and every shirt I've washed recently has 779: shrunk interviewer: and I hope this shirt doesn't 779: shrink interviewer: and if a woman likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to 779: dress well? {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay what if she likes to stand in front of the mirror and 779: primp {C: laughing} interviewer: would you {C: informant laughing} say that about a man? 779: some men I would {C: laughing} interviewer: how does it sound? 779: like a sissy interviewer: what would you call a man who likes to primp a lot? who's real conscious of his real vain 779: uh conceited? interviewer: did you ever hear him called a jelly bean? 779: no? uh-uh interviewer: something that you could carry money in would be called a 779: a wallet interviewer: or what else 779: purse interviewer: and something a woman would wear around her neck 779: a necklace interviewer: what are the things strung up together? would be 779: beads interviewer: you'd call that a what of beads 779: you mean a lot of beads? #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 would you call it a string or a # pair of beads 779: I'd call it a string of beads or a pair of beads {C: mic bumps} interviewer: even worn? 779: yeah interviewer: what about something you'd wear around your wrist? 779: bracelet interviewer: and something men used to wear to hold their pants up? 779: suspenders interviewer: any other name for 779: #1 galluses # interviewer: #2 that? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: galluses interviewer: which would you call 'em? 779: suspenders interviewer: and what'd you hold over you when it rains? 779: umbrella interviewer: and the {C: informant coughs} last thing you put on a bed with fancy covers is called a 779: the b- the last thing? interviewer: yeah 779: bedspread interviewer: did you ever hear of um people making bedspreads themselves? 779: #1 uh yes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: yes uh-huh interviewer: were there special names for them? 779: uh mm I don't know I can't think interviewer: did you ever hear of {X} coverlet or 779: coverlet I've heard of coverlet not the other interviewer: what's a coverlet? {C: informant laughing} 779: what is a coverlet? um well to me it's a quilt interviewer: a special kind of quilt or just? 779: no just a quilt interviewer: what about at the head of the bed you put your head on a 779: pillow interviewer: do you remember anything about twice as long as the pillow? 779: do I remember anything about it? no {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a bolster? 779: no interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a lot of company and didn't have enough beds for everybody for the children to sleep on 779: #1 pallets # interviewer: #2 you could # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # how would you do that? 779: uh well you would just either get a lot of uh quilts and blankets and and uh put 'em down on the floor or if you happen to have a a mattress an extra mattress you just put it on the floor {C: laughing} interviewer: do people still make quilts around here? 779: yes mm-hmm interviewer: did you ever make 'em? 779: no because I can't {C: laughing} I've tried once {C: laughing} I can't make quilts interviewer: who makes 'em around here? 779: uh my grandmother has a sister in law that makes quilts well in fact she has two sister in laws that make quilts interviewer: to sell or just for 779: uh they sell some of 'em well in fact they sell most of 'em you know interviewer: are any younger people learning how to do that? 779: #1 uh yes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: there uh I don't think it's you know a real big thing but there are some that are that are wanting to learn to interviewer: talk about um {X} a lot of raised a lot of corn you'd say this year we had a good 779: corn crop interviewer: and you'd say we expect to get a good crop from that field because the soil is very 779: rich interviewer: what's another word for rich? 779: uh um oh no but I can't think um #1 oh rich # interviewer: #2 well if the soil # is rich what might be {X} 779: fertilizer interviewer: mm-kay and if you don't need to add that you'd say the soil is already very 779: you know you know {X} the soil is already very um fertile {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} what different kinds of land are there? 779: you mean like flat hilly? interviewer: mm-kay 779: um mountainous interviewer: what would you call land next to a river? it's kinda flat 779: mm next to a river but flat? um flat land interviewer: did you ever hear it called lowland or bottoms or 779: yeah both of those interviewer: which would you call it? 779: I'd probably call it lowland interviewer: mm-kay and a field that might be real good for raising hay but not much else you'd call that a hay 779: for raising hay? interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 a # hay field? interviewer: what about meadow or prairie? did you ever hear those? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: which? 779: you mean for raising hay? interviewer: well how how have you heard those words used? 779: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: well I've just heard you know say uh people would say uh out on the prairie {C: laughing} interviewer: uh-huh {C: informant laughing} are there prairies around here? 779: I don't think so interviewer: what about meadow? 779: uh well that was just kinda like a uh kinda like a little dell #1 you know # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I've always kind of associated a meadow with a brook you know #1 streams {C: mic bump} # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # as sort of a romantic #1 kind of thing? # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: what would you call land that's got water standing on it most of the time? 779: uh marshes? interviewer: mm-hmm would that be saltwater or freshwater? or would it make any difference? 779: uh I don't know if it would make any difference uh I'd think it'd be freshwater interviewer: what about a real overgrown area that's kind of wet 779: uh brushy interviewer: mm-hmm is there another name for marsh? #1 or something similar to that? # 779: #2 marshes # Everglades? is that what you're interviewer: uh-huh what about swamp? 779: swamp {C: laughing} yeah {C: laughing} interviewer: what's the difference between a marsh and a swamp? 779: mm well to me uh a swamp would be worse than a marsh {C: laughing} a marsh would to me would just be kinda uh you know well the maybe the water's kinda standing and and muddy like and a swamp would really be a swamp interviewer: would 779: #1 it would # interviewer: #2 the # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # marsh have trees in it or? 779: well yeah it could have some trees but a swamp to me would be uh just a real swampy place you know with a maybe uh a place you know a pretty big place with water where the water was kinda deep and had snakes and stuff like that in it {C: laughing} interviewer: there's um {C: informant coughs} if you wanted to get the water off a swamp or marsh what would you say you had to do? 779: drain the water? interviewer: uh-huh what would you dig to get the water off? 779: what would you dig? uh interviewer: #1 or you # 779: #2 just # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # oh a trench? interviewer: uh-huh 779: #1 to drain it # interviewer: #2 what # what would you call something like a trench only it's it's bigger? 779: a ditch? interviewer: uh-huh anything else? 779: uh a ditch uh I can't think mm-mm interviewer: and what different kinds of of soil are there? {C: mic bump} 779: you mean like you know like fertile soil and interviewer: what kinds of soil do you have right around here? 779: not very fertile {C: laughing} uh really I don't know interviewer: probably like sand or 779: uh well we do have sand we have sand and um and we have uh soil you know that's you know heavier interviewer: what do you call that real sticky kind? 779: the real stick- mud interviewer: {X} of gumbo or buckshot? 779: no interviewer: what about what would you call a real rich soil that's good for planting? 779: fertile? interviewer: what about loam or loamy? did you ever hear that? 779: never heard of it interviewer: and say if you had a heavy rain and water {C: informant coughs} cut out a little area washed some of the land away you'd call that a 779: erosion interviewer: or what it cut would be a little 779: trench? interviewer: mm-kay what if it's real big? it washed a lot of water land away something real deep in there 779: um a ditch? {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a ravine or 779: oh yes yeah a ravine uh-huh interviewer: what's a ravine? {C: mic bump} 779: uh well to me it's just a it's just a real deep uh place in the earth you know interviewer: what about a gully? #1 did you ever hear that? # 779: #2 yeah # gully have I heard of a gully {C: laughing} interviewer: what 779: what would I call it? I'd probably call it a gully {C: laughing} interviewer: is that the same as a ravine? 779: well I always think of a ravine as being deeper than a gully really interviewer: what would you call the things along the edge of the road to carry water off? 779: oh uh a manhole? interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a um some water flowing along you'd call that a little 779: stream interviewer: mm-kay what else besides a stream? 779: um interviewer: what if it's fairly big? 779: uh it's uh {X} uh I really can't think mm a river {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: a river of water interviewer: if it's smaller than a river what would it be? 779: uh a lake? interviewer: mm-kay where would people go fishing around here? 779: uh you mean you want the names of the lakes or? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: you want the names of the lakes uh Cross Lake um Toledo Bend Dam um uh Caddo Lake? um well there's another one right now that starts with a B but I can't think of it interviewer: what flows into the lakes? 779: what flows into 'em? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: streams? is that what you mean? streams? interviewer: what about a creek or crick 779: creek a creek not a crick interviewer: how does crick sound to you? 779: funny {C: laughing} interviewer: what are the names of some of them? creeks around here 779: creeks uh I don't know interviewer: what about a bayou or bayou 779: yeah #1 ba- bayou # interviewer: #2 what # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: or a bayou interviewer: what are the names of some of them around here? 779: well goodness I don't really know {C: laughing} interviewer: what's the difference between a bayou and a creek? 779: uh I don't know that there is a difference really they're just a little stream you know and a small place of water interviewer: and uh say if you had some a stream that's flowing on and it dropped off and went on over several feet you'd call that a 779: waterfall interviewer: is there a place where boats stop and where freight's unloaded it's called a 779: dock interviewer: and a small rise in land would be called a 779: hill interviewer: any other names for hill? 779: mm uh I can't think of another name for a hill of course there's mountains interviewer: uh-huh to open a door you'd take hold of the door 779: knob interviewer: did you ever use the word knob talking about land? 779: no interviewer: and the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp is called a 779: #1 the rocky side of the mountain? # interviewer: #2 yeah that # goes over 779: #1 cliff? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # mm-kay talking about several of those you'd talk about several 779: you mean several cliffs? interviewer: mm-kay and up in the mountains {D: well not not now} still up in the mountains a low place between the mountains would be a 779: a low place between the mountains a ravine? interviewer: mm-kay and gunfighters on television for every man that they'd kill they'd cut a little in their gun 779: notch interviewer: and what different kinds of roads are there around here? 779: uh well there's blacktop there's dirt roads there's paved roads interviewer: what's the blacktop made out of? 779: asphalt interviewer: is there another name for that? 779: asphalt? #1 mm-mm mm-mm # interviewer: #2 what's the real sticky # black stuff? 779: talking about oil? interviewer: or from a pine tree 779: oh rosin? interviewer: uh-huh what about tar? 779: tar {C: laughing} yeah well uh yeah we have tar roads that's that's what I was calling dirt roads there's tar roads interviewer: what's the difference? the dirt roads and tar roads are the same? 779: well they are to me around here because like these dirt roads I'm sure you've been on some of 'em when they when they grate 'em up in the summer well then they after they grate 'em up several times and then the they go around with this black black tar and it's the final thing that they do to 'em interviewer: does that surface last longer? 779: not very long no they get big old holes in 'em after a while they're terrible interviewer: what about the little rocks they put on those? that's called you know what I mean? 779: the little rocks? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: you mean like I have out there in my driveway? interviewer: mm-kay 779: um gravel? interviewer: uh-huh what do you call the roads that are they're paved and they're white on the top they don't do it much anymore 779: paved and white on the top um interviewer: well the the thing along the edge of a road that people walk on would be a 779: shoulder interviewer: or of a street in town 779: oh a sidewalk? interviewer: and the roads that are are made out of the same material as sidewalks 779: uh paved interviewer: mm-kay 779: paved roads interviewer: what do you call the strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? 779: between the sidewalk and the street? interviewer: you know what I mean? 779: yeah I know what you mean do you mean what I call it or? uh I just call it a strip of grass interviewer: um what would you call a road that out in the country that a road that turns off the main road? 779: a side road? interviewer: and a road that leads up to a person's house? 779: a driveway? interviewer: uh-huh what if there's um out in the country say a a road that goes between {X} um it goes they have trees on both sides? do you have a special name for that? 779: {X} trees on both sides mm mm-mm interviewer: did you ever hear of a lane? 779: yeah interviewer: what do you think about it? 779: uh just a little road {C: laughing} interviewer: you'd just call that a 779: I'd call it a lane I guess or a road interviewer: there wouldn't have to have anything on each side? to be a lane? 779: not necessarily interviewer: say if you were walking along a road and an animal jumped out and scared you you'd say I picked up a something hard I picked up a 779: you mean {D: teeth in} uh something hard? interviewer: yeah I'd pick up a 779: rock? interviewer: and I did what? 779: threw it at the animal interviewer: anything else you'd say besides threw it? 779: well what do you mean like throw? interviewer: well do you ever say chunked it or pitched it or #1 anything like that? # 779: #2 no # I don't interviewer: and if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered you'd say well I guess he's not 779: at home interviewer: and and if someone that comes to the um to see you and your husband {D: mad about the yard} you might say well he's what in the kitchen he's 779: busy interviewer: #1 mm-kay and where? # 779: #2 he is # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # busy in the kitchen interviewer: and if someone's walking in your direction you'd say he's coming straight what me 779: at me interviewer: or he's not walking away from you he's walking 779: straight to me interviewer: what's another way of {X} would you ever say toward you toward 779: yeah towards me interviewer: mm-kay you went into to to town and happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to run 779: run into interviewer: and the child's given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child 779: after her mother interviewer: and something that people drink for breakfast would be 779: coffee interviewer: and what kind of pudding um well thanksgiving what is a {X} you'd say I have to go 779: perk the coffee interviewer: and talk about putting milk in your coffee you'd say some people like it how 779: with cream? interviewer: we're talking about milk some people like it 779: mm I don't know what you #1 mean # interviewer: #2 well instead of # that cream they some people #1 like it # 779: #2 with milk # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: and other people like it 779: with cream? interviewer: and if you don't put milk or sugar in your coffee you'd say you drink your coffee 779: black interviewer: any other names for black coffee? 779: mm uh some people say you drink it black some people you'd say you just drink it straight interviewer: do you ever hear people say drinking coffee barefooted? 779: no interviewer: and you'd um tell a child now you can eat what's put {C: background noises} before you or you can do you can eat that or you can just do 779: or you can leave it alone? interviewer: mm-kay what's the opposite of with? 779: the opposite of with? without interviewer: and talking about distance you'd say well I don't know exactly how far away it is but it's just a 779: a good distance interviewer: mm-kay or he lives just a little what down the road? just a little 779: a little ways interviewer: mm-kay did you ever say a little piece? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you 779: just say a little piece down the road interviewer: and if you'd been traveling and still had a couple a' hundred miles to go you'd say you still had a 779: long way interviewer: and could something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you could find that just about 779: anywhere interviewer: and if someone slipped and fell this way he fell over 779: backward interviewer: and this way 779: frontward interviewer: or another way of saying that backwards and 779: frontwards interviewer: and say if you'd been fishing I asked you did you catch any you might say no what a one 779: now what? interviewer: if if I ask you did you catch any fish you might say no what a one 779: no I caught one? interviewer: but do you ever say um nary a one? 779: #1 no # interviewer: #2 have you heard of that? # 779: yeah I've heard of it #1 I don't say it # interviewer: #2 how would you # how would you hear that? 779: just like you used it or you know I've heard of I've heard of people say nary a one interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: funny interviewer: and when you're #1 plowing # 779: #2 sounds old fashioned # interviewer: mm-hmm when you're plowing the trenches that the plow cuts you call those the 779: the rows? I mean interviewer: what about the furrow? 779: the furrows? interviewer: uh-huh 779: yeah interviewer: did you ever hear a special name for the horse that walks through the furrow? 779: special name for the horse um mule? interviewer: mm-kay two of those hitched together you'd call that a 779: team? interviewer: and before you can hitch a horse to a buggy or a wagon what do you say you have to do to it? 779: you have to do to the horse? before you can hitch it? interviewer: well what do you call the what you everything you put on it that thing 779: saddle? interviewer: well with a wagon though you wouldn't saddle it would you 779: the bridle? um #1 you can # interviewer: #2 um # 779: see I'm a country girl interviewer: would you ever say {C: informant laughing} you have to gear him up or harness him or? 779: harness yeah put the harness on him interviewer: mm-kay and when you're driving him you hold the 779: reins interviewer: and when you're riding on him you hold the 779: reins interviewer: and your feet are in the your feet #1 harness # 779: #2 hmm? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: #1 when you're # 779: #2 oh in the stirrups # interviewer: mm-kay and you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you did what to it 779: cleared it interviewer: and wheat is tied up into a 779: a bundle interviewer: mm-kay and then they're piled up into a 779: uh I don't know interviewer: how about how much wheat you raised to an acre? you might say we raised forty 779: how much wheat you raised to an acre? interviewer: yeah forty what of wheat? 779: forty acres interviewer: or or what's a quantity that you'd you know there's baskets {X} 779: #1 bushel baskets? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: forty bushels? interviewer: and what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of 'em? 779: oats is that thresh? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say the oats what threshed oats 779: hmm? interviewer: #1 would you say # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: oats is threshed or oats are threshed or {C: pronunciation} 779: oats are threshed I would say interviewer: mm-kay and there's something that we have to do today just the two of us you could say we'll have to do it or you could say if you don't use the word we you could say 779: I? I have to do it? interviewer: talking about us though 779: talking about both of us? interviewer: uh-huh would you ever say me and you or you and I or I 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {D: would} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh you and I interviewer: mm-kay and if you're talking about your husband and yourself {X} 779: my husband and I interviewer: or he and I or me and him or what would you 779: uh well I would say um my husband and I or me and my husband interviewer: mm-kay and if you knock at the door and somebody answers there and you know that they'll recognize your voice you might answer it's 779: it's me? {C: tape fading} interviewer: and it's if I ask you um was that John at the door you'd say yeah it was 779: it was John? {C: tape fades}