interviewer: from if I asked you was that John at the door you might say yeah it was 779: he interviewer: mm-kay is that what you'd probably say? 779: yeah {NW} {D: I think so} interviewer: what if it was a woman? you'd say it was 779: it was not John interviewer: or it was would you say it was her or it was #1 she # 779: #2 it was she # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: and if it's two people you'd say it was 779: them {NW} interviewer: {X} which would you probably say? 779: I would probably say it's- it was them interviewer: and talking about how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall as 779: I interviewer: well I'm not as tall as 779: he interviewer: and he can do that better 779: than I interviewer: and if you're gonna {C: cough} to Texas and hadn't gone any more west than that you'd say Texas is what that I've ever been 779: the fartherest interviewer: and if something belongs to me you'd say it's 779: mine interviewer: or I ask you is this is this uh if something wasn't mine I'd ask you is this 779: yours interviewer: and if it belongs to both of us it's 779: ours interviewer: and to them? 779: it belongs to them interviewer: it's 779: theirs interviewer: and to him? 779: his interviewer: and to her? 779: hers interviewer: do you ever hear people say things like his'n or your'n or how would you hear that? {X} 779: well for instance like uh you'd say you know somebody would say you know here they'd {C: bump} say it's his {NW} interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: very uneducated {C: laughing} countryside or {NW} interviewer: do you hear that around here much? 779: no interviewer: and if there's a group of people at your house and they were getting ready to leave you'd say well I hope what come back again {C: mic bump} I hope 779: I hope you come back interviewer: would you say you when you're talking {C: informant coughs} to a whole group? 779: probably say you all that's just what southerners do interviewer: would you ever use the word you all to just one person? 779: no interviewer: say that the group at your house is {X} about their coats you know everybody's coats you'd say where are 779: your coats? interviewer: would you ever say y'all's or you all's coats? 779: not y'all's interviewer: how does that sound? 779: it doesn't sound right no I'd probably say where are your coats? interviewer: and if there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and later you were asking about the people that had gone you might ask someone 779: now read that again I'm sorry interviewer: if there was a party and you hadn't been able {C: informant coughs} to go to it and you were asking about the people that had gone you might ask someone who was at the party what would you ask them? you wanted to know which people had gone {X} 779: who went to the party? interviewer: what about who all went? 779: well yeah {NW} Who went to the party or who all went to the party? interviewer: and if there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family you might ask about their 779: that belong to more than one family? interviewer: children are they you'd say 779: whose children are they? interviewer: what about who all's children are they? 779: no interviewer: and if you're asking about all the speaker's remarks you know everything that he said you'd ask someone 779: I didn't understand that interviewer: if if someone had given a speech and you hadn't been able to listen to it and you wanted to find out the content of it you might ask someone 779: what the speech was about? interviewer: would you ever say what all did he talk about? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you say that? 779: What all did he talk about? interviewer: and you'd say no one else will look out for me you'd say they've gotta look out for 779: themselves interviewer: and if no one else will do it for him you'd say he better do it 779: for himself interviewer: and something made out of flour and baked in a loaf 779: bread interviewer: and what different kinds of bread are there? 779: um there's um white bread whole wheat bread rye bread um cornbread interviewer: what do you put in white bread to make it rise? 779: yeast interviewer: and you'd say there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's 779: there's uh interviewer: what you get at the store you'd call that 779: bakery bread interviewer: and what different um things are made out of cornmeal? 779: cornbread um oh great so many things cornbread is the main thing I make out of it but there's there's lots of things you can use to make out of cornmeal interviewer: what about taking cornmeal and flattening it out in your hand and it's kinda long what would that be? do you ever do that? 779: you mean making cornbread? it's hot water bread interviewer: what's hot water bread? 779: well you take uh meal and you put you on some water and boil it and get it hot I mean you know boil it and then you pour just enough into your meal to you know make it stick real good and then you make you pat it out kinda long like you were talking about and fry it interviewer: and you call that? 779: either it's called fried cornbread or hot water bread interviewer: what about something you can eat with fish made out of cornmeal 779: hush puppies interviewer: mm-kay how do you make those 779: {D: How do I make those?} well they're made very similar to the hot water bread or the uh fried cornbread except instead of making that long you roll it into little balls interviewer: what do you have in it just 779: #1 cornmeal and salt # interviewer: #2 cornmeal and # 779: and hot water interviewer: what about um something that that takes cornmeal and salt and water and you sort of boil that all together and make something you eat with a spoon 779: grits cornmeal and what? what'd you say? interviewer: yeah well cornmeal though cornmeal and salty water 779: in hot water? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: pouring it in hot water? stir it up I've made grits quite similar to that {X} interviewer: what about mush or couscous #1 do you ever hear that? # 779: #2 mush # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I've never heard of couscous interviewer: what's mush? how do you eat that? 779: it's the same thing as grits interviewer: something that um people it's made out of corn and it's um you'd s- soak the corn in a lye and get the 779: Soak it in lye? interviewer: Quite similar to grits 779: #1 similar to grits # interviewer: #2 it's # the whole kernel 779: Similar to grits. but it's the whole kernel um interviewer: it can be either white or yellow {D: instead of in a can maybe but} 779: canned corn interviewer: what about hominy? 779: hominy yeah interviewer: how's hominy different from grits? would you use it to mean the same thing? 779: well no uh if I buy canned hominy you know it's not like grits {NW} I don't buy it much cuz they don't eat it interviewer: did you ever see people make hominy? 779: no interviewer: and talk about how much flour might be in a sack you'd say a sack might contain five or ten 779: pounds interviewer: and something that is round and has a {C: informant coughs} hole in the middle 779: a donut interviewer: are there different names for those? or different kinds? 779: uh yeah I guess so um I just call 'em donuts interviewer: what about um something that people eat for breakfast that's fried and it's got 779: bacon? interviewer: well no something that um you'd put syrup over 779: biscuits interviewer: what else? 779: um interviewer: what do you make up of batter and fry? {D: three to four of these} 779: mm interviewer: you know just um 779: of batter? and fry interviewer: yeah and you make up a batter and you 779: oh pancakes I'm sorry yeah I make 'em all the time interviewer: is there another name for pancakes or something similar 779: flapjacks interviewer: is that the same thing? 779: yeah I guess interviewer: which would you call it? 779: pancakes interviewer: and do you ever hear of um a corn dodger? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what's that? 779: I don't know I don't know interviewer: how have you heard people 779: I've just heard that word I don't know what it is what it means corn dodger oh wait a minute yes I do too my grandfather used to say it he was talking about cornbread interviewer: just the same thing as #1 cornbread? # 779: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # he used to call it corndodger interviewer: which #1 grandfather was that? # 779: #2 sure did # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # that was my mother's father interviewer: the inside part of the egg is called a 779: yolk interviewer: what color is that? 779: yellow interviewer: and if you {C: informant coughs} cook them in hot water you call them 779: boils interviewer: boils 779: boiled eggs interviewer: what if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells into hot water? 779: poach 'em? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever do that? 779: yeah {C: laughing} not too much but I do interviewer: and the kind of animal that barks is called a 779: dog interviewer: you wanted a dog {C: informant coughs} to attack another dog what would you tell 'em? 779: you want one dog to attack another dog? interviewer: or uh 779: sic him? interviewer: mm-kay what would you call a mixed breed dog when you didn't know what kind it was? 779: um now what do you call 'em uh {NW} just a mixture interviewer: what about a small noisy dog 779: what do you mean? #1 I don't know what you mean # interviewer: #2 do you have a # special name for a 779: a small dog? uh well you mean like a toy terrier #1 or a # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: toy poodle or interviewer: what about {X} do you ever hear that? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what would that be? 779: well there is a small dog called a feist isn't there interviewer: it's a breed? you think? 779: yeah I think interviewer: what about a uh just a worthless dog what might you call him? 779: a mutt interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a mean dog you'd tell someone you better be careful that dog'll 779: bite interviewer: and yesterday the dog 779: bit interviewer: and the person had to go to the doctor after he got 779: bitten interviewer: do you ever say after he got dog bit 779: huh? do I ever what? interviewer: would you ever say after he got dog bit? 779: no interviewer: how's that sound? 779: well it sounds uneducated {C: laughing} interviewer: and the animal that you milk is called a 779: cow interviewer: what do you call the male? 779: the male cow? um bull interviewer: was that word nice to use when you were growing up? {X} 779: well no not especially #1 my mother # interviewer: #2 what # 779: was pretty strict on us interviewer: what would you say instead of bull? 779: aw shucks interviewer: uh-huh what about referring to the animal though? was it #1 could you use the word bull when referring to the animal? # 779: #2 oh yeah yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # when referring to the animal yeah interviewer: and the little one when it's first born is called a 779: calf interviewer: and if it's a male it's a 779: hmm hmm you've got me there I can't think interviewer: well what do you call a female calf? 779: I know I've heard both of 'em but it does not come to me interviewer: #1 say if you had a cow that's huh # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I can't think interviewer: if you had a cow that's expecting a calf you'd say she was going to 779: have a calf interviewer: any other ways of saying that? 779: have a baby interviewer: and you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses 779: ride interviewer: yesterday {C: informant coughs} he 779: rode interviewer: and I had never 779: ridden interviewer: and if you couldn't stay on you'd say you fell what's that word 779: off off interviewer: mm-kay say the whole thing you fell 779: #1 fell off the horse # interviewer: #2 off # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and say a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I must have 779: fallen off the bed interviewer: and the male horse is called a 779: male horse it's not it's not a buck is it no that's something else male horse interviewer: do you ever go to races? 779: no interviewer: when did they open the racetrack here? 779: last uh last year it's been about a year ago last spring I guess it was interviewer: was that a um local thing that people voted on? 779: yeah yeah we never we never had one here until now interviewer: how do people feel about it is it pretty popular {X} 779: yeah lot of people you know were for it and a lot weren't and I myself I was not because we just don't believe in that sort of thing you know interviewer: cuz it's criminal and all that business {C: informant coughs} 779: well that yeah that's a lot of it interviewer: when did what months is the racetrack open? is it open now? 779: uh no it's not open right now uh I don't know when it opens back up it closed you know I forgot even when it closed but it's been closed {X} I don't pay much {C: bump} attention to it because we don't you know we just don't keep up with that sort of thing but um you know that was before they actually decided to build one there was a big stink about that interviewer: were most of the churches opposed to it? or 779: uh interviewer: how did it get I mean if like in they're trying to do the same thing in Georgia but um particularly in the well conservative sections you know out outside of Atlanta um you know the churches were were just very opposed to it and I don't see how it you know would ever get 779: yeah well uh so far as I know now I know the church we're in they were mostly opposed to it you know and as far as I know most of the churches were opposed to it but um you know there's so many people that are outside of the churches really I mean there's more outside than there is in {C: bump} so uh I guess that's how it came into being but but uh interviewer: has it been {X} horse stables and farms and all of that here since 779: I don't know I really don't know but I know I've seen a lot more of people with horse trailers on the backs of their cars and they're all heading towards Bossier City interviewer: #1 is that where the racetrack is? # 779: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 Bossier City? # 779: #2 it's over in Bossier # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: are y- people living in Shreveport allowed to vote on Bossier? 779: #1 nuh-uh # interviewer: #2 they # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 no # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: it's like two separate cities they call 'em the twin cities because it's just separated by Red River you know you can go on the bridge and you're right course now you can go down I twenty and get over there but uh they call 'em the twin cities but it's actually you know #1 it's two {C: tapping} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: separate cities {C: tapping} but this is you know when we have elections you can only vote if you live here in Shreveport interviewer: kinda seems like that would be like fair I'm not I mean like in Atlanta they if you work in Atlanta and you have to pay and they vote and have you know some taxes or something you wouldn't be allowed to vote so uh if you could you know 779: mm-hmm interviewer: but you would be the one paying taxes #1 you know # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: you have the same sort of situation between Shreveport and Bossier City 779: you know they have their elections and we have ours interviewer: um how would you call a female horse? 779: is that a filly? interviewer: what if she's grown? {X} 779: I don't know interviewer: and things they put on a horse's feet are called the 779: on a horse's feet? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: horseshoes interviewer: what do you call a game you play with those? 779: with horseshoes? um just throwing horseshoes I don't know does it have a name? interviewer: do you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 779: yeah interviewer: what was it called? 779: ring toss interviewer: mm-kay and the thing that you put the shoes on the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on they're called the 779: oh the hooves? interviewer: mm-kay and you talking about just one you'd call that one 779: hoof interviewer: and the male sheep is called a 779: the male sheep a ram? interviewer: mm-kay what about the female? 779: um female sheep I can't think interviewer: what do people raise sheep for? 779: for wool interviewer: do they have sheep around here at all? 779: mm well I guess you know out on some of the farms they probably do but not really in here {D: that's it why I don't} interviewer: what about the animals you get pork from those are 779: pigs interviewer: when they're full grown they're called 779: when they're full grown? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: pigs I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: any other names for pigs? 779: uh well when they're babies some people call 'em piglets but I don't know what you call a full grown pig interviewer: what what would you call a female? 779: female pig uh is she the one that's a sow? interviewer: mm-kay and the male? 779: I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call one that um grows uh grows up out in the woods a wild one 779: oh a razorback pig? #1 is that a name for that? # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about hogs do you ever use that word? 779: yeah sometimes interviewer: how do 779: well instead of calling 'em pigs just call 'em hogs interviewer: do you make a distinction between hogs and pigs? 779: no #1 not really # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # {D: if Harrison a hog head on his back} 779: um a hedgehog? you mean what kind? interviewer: no the well like you know on a hairbrush 779: yeah bristles interviewer: mm-kay and the big teeth that a hog has 779: big teeth interviewer: or an elephant has 779: oh um interviewer: it comes out {C: tapping} you know 779: uh yeah I know um not his tusk? interviewer: mm-kay 779: pigs don't have tusks do they? interviewer: some of them long ones 779: they do? I know elephants do but I never heard of a pig having tusks hmm interviewer: #1 what are things # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: you'd call the things that you put the food in for the hogs 779: um trough? interviewer: mm-kay talking about several of those you'd talk about several 779: troughs interviewer: and say if you had a {C: cough} a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a male what would you say you were gonna do to him if you don't want him to be used for breeding? 779: uh for pigs? uh it'd be spayed pigs {NS} interviewer: mm-kay any other ways of saying that? 779: uh I don't I don't know I don't really interviewer: what would the pig be called then? 779: the male pig? interviewer: mm-hmm if you had done that to him 779: what would it be called? like do you mean like sterile? interviewer: well do you ever hear him called uh a barrow or a barrow 779: mm-mm interviewer: and say if you had some um horses and mules and cows and so forth and they were getting hungry you'd say you had to go feed the 779: some horses and mules? interviewer: yeah just 779: cow interviewer: what general name would you have for #1 all those # 779: #2 animals # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: what about stock or cattle or 779: yeah stock or cattle or animals any of that #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # and what if you're talking about chickens and turkeys and geese you'd say you had to feed the 779: um chickens and turkeys and geese interviewer: what general name would you have for them? 779: probably chickens interviewer: mm-kay and if it's time to feed the stock and do your work you'd say it was what time 779: um time to feed 'em feeding time interviewer: and the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned 779: Is that bleating? interviewer: mm-kay what about a cow? 779: same thing I guess #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what is the # noise that the cow makes when she's hungry? 779: I didn't know she did interviewer: uh what noises can cows make? when 779: well they can moo interviewer: mm-kay and #1 {X} # 779: #2 do they moo when they're hungry? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: they don't have cows in Shreveport {D: that much} 779: they do but not around me {C: laughing} interviewer: what noise does a horse make? 779: um he whinnies? interviewer: mm-kay and and how would you call a cow to get her on out of the pasture? 779: gosh here cow interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laugh} did you ever hear anyone call have a special call for a cow? 779: uh I know they do but I don't know what they say interviewer: what would you how would you call a calf? 779: I don't know interviewer: what would you say to a cow so she'd stand still so you could milk her do you ever see anyone do that? 779: I've seen 'em milked but I never heard 'em tell 'em to be still interviewer: what about calling a horse to get in and out of the pen 779: I have no idea interviewer: what would you say to make 'em turn left or right if you're plowing? 779: uh you'd pull on the reins, wouldn't you? interviewer: mm-kay and to get him started you'd tell him 779: to go {NS} interviewer: mm-kay what about to stop him? 779: whoa interviewer: and to back him up? 779: I don't know interviewer: how would you call hogs? 779: I don't know interviewer: what about sheep? {C: laugh} 779: I don't know that either interviewer: what about chickens? do you ever hear anyone call chickens? 779: uh yeah I have but I don't remember how they do it uh just cluck cluck I guess interviewer: mm-kay {C: laugh} #1 what about your father's pet chicken # 779: #2 oh my # interviewer: how did he 779: uh well like I told you he he um he made a pet out of it and he trained it to walk the clothesline interviewer: would it try to follow him around or 779: yeah followed him all over the yard everywhere he went he was just a pet and you know he could pick it up just like a cat or a dog and #1 pet it and # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what did you think of it? did you ever care for animals like that? 779: uh well I always liked cats we always had cats and uh I never cared to make a pet out of a chicken I thought the chicken was smart you know to be able to do that really I did but you don't see too many chickens walking clotheslines interviewer: how did he train him to do that? 779: I don't know he just put it up on the clothesline and he you know would just talk #1 to it and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: and work with it and it just learned I don't know interviewer: what became of the chicken? 779: I guess it died I don't remember cats were always my pet interviewer: {X} 779: #1 yeah cat # interviewer: #2 {D: cat more than chicken} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: yeah I don't know no I didn't have any cats at that time we had cats later we had a we had one or two dogs but I never was really a big dog lover I mean not some dogs I liked #1 but # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: cats #1 is what I liked # interviewer: #2 you said # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # {D: yeah you said people like just one} I mean take #1 {X} # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: um you'd throw a ball and ask somebody to 779: throw a ball to somebody and ask somebody to pitch it back? interviewer: or to 779: throw it? interviewer: and or say I threw the ball and he 779: caught it? interviewer: and I've been fishing but I haven't 779: caught any? interviewer: mm-kay you'd throw the ball and ask someone to 779: catch it interviewer: and you'd say that would be a hard mountain to 779: climb interviewer: but last year my neighbor 779: climbed it interviewer: but I have never 779: climbed it interviewer: and did you ever see a hog killed? did you ever see 779: mm-mm interviewer: what would you call the kind of fat um salted meat that you can boil with greens? 779: uh dry salt meat #1 that's what I call it # interviewer: #2 any other names for that? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh mm-mm interviewer: what about fatback or sowbelly? do you ever hear that? 779: yeah heard of both of 'em but I don't use that I don't {D: I have to} say dry salt meat interviewer: how would you hear people use those? how would you 779: well it's the same dry salt meat they probably say they're gonna boil so and so with fatback or interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: it just sounds odd to me because I don't use it interviewer: what would you call when you cut the side of the hog what do you call that section? 779: when you cut the side of the hog? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: oh a ham? interviewer: mm-kay and the kind of meat you buy that you {C: informant coughs} slice to cook with eggs 779: do what? interviewer: it's the kind of meat that you buy that's already sliced 779: #1 oh to cook with eggs # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: bacon interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear people talk about a side of bacon or middle of the bacon? 779: mm-mm {D: not that I know} interviewer: what about on the uh bacon that the edge that you cut off before you well now did you ever see bacon sold that wasn't already sliced? 779: mm-mm I don't believe interviewer: what do you call the the 779: oh I know what you're talking about #1 rind {C: sounds like rine} # interviewer: #2 what # mm-kay 779: is that what you mean? interviewer: do you ever eat that? 779: no interviewer: the type of meat that's um you buy in little links and um in patties 779: sausage interviewer: and a person who kills and sells meat 779: who kills and sells meat? interviewer: is called a 779: uh oh great who kills and sells meat #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what kind of # what do you call the big knife that you have in the kitchen {X} 779: um butcher knife interviewer: mm-kay and you call a person 779: a butcher interviewer: and #1 if meat's # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: been kept too long and it doesn't taste right you'd say it's done what 779: spoiled interviewer: what would you say about butter that was kept too long 779: butter? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh interviewer: well like say if you didn't refrigerate if you had it you know left outside it would 779: mm you're talking about if it's not any good or interviewer: mm-hmm you'd say it's 779: uh spoiled or interviewer: mm-kay 779: I never had any to ruin on me I don't know interviewer: and milk when you let it um sit and get sort of thick you call that 779: butter milk interviewer: or before you churn it. 779: oh uh when you let it get kinda thick um sour? interviewer: do you ever hear curdled or #1 clabber # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # heard of both of 'em interviewer: what would you call it 779: well if it gets kinda thick I'd probably call it clabber interviewer: did 779: or curdled interviewer: did your parents ever make anything with {D: dairy productivity} 779: yes my grandmother used to churn we used to watch her make butter you know she'd make make butter and and uh we used to watch her do that all the time I can't think I think they've {X} interviewer: did you ever see any kind of cheese made from the clabber? 779: no interviewer: and the first thing you have to do after milking to get the impurities out you have to 779: after milking interviewer: uh-huh 779: impurities out uh interviewer: like you run it through a real fine cloth or something 779: yeah uh you what would you say strain it? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say this morning at seven oh clock I what breakfast? 779: I ate interviewer: mm-kay and yesterday at that time I had already 779: eaten interviewer: and tomorrow I will 779: eat interviewer: and someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his 779: food interviewer: and do you ever hear people call that vittle? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you hear that used? 779: well they just uh say you know instead of using food they just call it vittles interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: mm funny strange {C: laugh} interviewer: um if you were thirsty you might go over to the sink and pour yourself a 779: a drink of water interviewer: and you drink it out of a 779: glass interviewer: and you'd say the glass fell off the sink and 779: broke interviewer: but somebody has done what to the glass 779: clean it up? interviewer: or or the glass has been 779: broken interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say I didn't mean to 779: break interviewer: and {D: something you'd find like a pie} only it's made it's made out of apples and it's got several layers of apples and strips of dough you'd call that a 779: you mean apple pie? is that what you mean? interviewer: well it's kind of a pie but it's got it's deeper and it's got strips of dough and layers and 779: you said it's got apples in it? interviewer: yeah 779: apple dumplings? interviewer: mm-kay what about apple cobbler or #1 deep dish # 779: #2 apple # cobbler mm-hmm apple cobbler interviewer: how do you make those? 779: apple cobbler well kinda like you been talking about it's like you know with dough and and uh apples and interviewer: do you ever hear of a family pie or deep apple pie? 779: I've heard of a deep dish apple pie but I've never heard of a family pie interviewer: what's a how's a deep dish apple pie different from a cobbler or a regular pie? 779: well uh they have uh well they're just it's just a it's just a bigger deeper pie you've got on the top crust it's got little crumbles of um I really don't know what it is it tastes like cinnamon and sugar and you know I don't know it's just sprinkled all over the top of the deep dish interviewer: does an apple cobbler have the crust on it on the top? 779: {D: the deep cobbler?} well yeah I would put one on it interviewer: how's it different from a pie? 779: from an apple pie? interviewer: yeah how is an apple cobbler different from an apple pie? 779: uh well I in my apple pies I don't put the {D: the streusel} with the dumplings and in an apple cobbler I would apple pie I'd just put the apples and then the top crust interviewer: what would you call milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you could pour over pudding or pie #1 it's the kinda s- # 779: #2 milk or # cream mixed with sugar? interviewer: yeah a kind of a sweet liquid you could make and pour over pudding and pie you'd call that a what 779: I don't know interviewer: well do you ever call it a a dressing or {D: fog} or dip #1 {X} # 779: #2 I # never pour it onto my pie I I don't do that interviewer: and you'd say if you were thirsty you'd say I what a glass of water I 779: I want interviewer: or I went in there and I 779: got? interviewer: and I did #1 what # 779: #2 drank # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: mm-kay and you ask me how much have you 779: have you're talking about {X} water? how much have you drunk? interviewer: mm-kay and after you kill a hog what can you make with the meat from it's head? 779: uh hog head cheese interviewer: how do you make that? 779: I don't know don't ask me {C: laughing} interviewer: do you eat that? 779: no I can't stand to even think of it woo interviewer: what can you make with the liver? 779: of a pig? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: I don't know interviewer: do you ever hear of scrapple or cripple or pannhaas? 779: #1 mm-mm # interviewer: #2 or # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: never interviewer: what can you make with the blood? 779: oh gee I don't know {C: laughing} I didn't know you could oh boy mm interviewer: say if um dinner was on the table and the family's standing around the table you'd tell them to go ahead and 779: eat interviewer: but they're standing you'd tell them to 779: oh go ahead and sit down? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say so we went ahead and 779: sat down interviewer: and no one else was standing because they all 779: sat down interviewer: and if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to him you'd tell him just go ahead and and what 779: take the potatoes? interviewer: now go ahead and what yourself? 779: serve interviewer: or ano- another way of saying that 779: um I don't know what you #1 want # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # say um say if you were doing some work it was kind of hard and um if you're doing it by yourself a friend of yours might come up and offer to 779: help? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say he went in and 779: helped himself interviewer: and I asked him to pass 'em over to me since he had already what 779: helped himself? interviewer: do you ever hear people say holp? he holp himself? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and if you decide not to eat something you'd say no thank you I don't 779: I don't want any interviewer: and if food's {D: being cooking} for the second time you'd say that it's been 779: warmed over interviewer: and you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 779: chew it interviewer: and if he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat he couldn't 779: swallow interviewer: no he could chew it but he couldn't what it say the whole thing 779: oh he could chew it but he couldn't swallow it interviewer: mm-kay {X} 779: hmm uh I don't know I us- hang on you mean mm parts of the hog that I would eat? #1 like ham and # interviewer: #2 or the # no on the inside 779: hmm I don't know I don't I don't eat the inside of a hog interviewer: do you ever hear of liver and {D: lines} or anything like that 779: nuh-uh interviewer: {D: half blood or heart blood} 779: mm-mm that sounds awful. interviewer: what about um something that people make from the intestines and they put it out a little bit in a bowl {D: in a fire} 779: oh I've probably seen it in a grocery store but I cannot #1 think # interviewer: #2 do you ever hear chit- # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: chitterlings interviewer: uh-huh 779: yes interviewer: have you ever eaten 'em? 779: no oh no I I just don't eat stuff like that interviewer: did you ever anyone in your family ever eat chitterlings that 779: my grandmother interviewer: how would she make 'em? 779: I don't know interviewer: you just left 'em 779: yeah I just know that she she eats 'em and I don't know how she makes 'em I don't even stay around to see oh dear interviewer: what's something that um kinds of grain that grows in south Louisiana or 779: a grain? interviewer: uh-huh 779: wheat? interviewer: what takes a lot of water to grow? 779: lot of water? um interviewer: the people in China and Japan eat this a lot 779: oh rice? interviewer: does that grow in this area at all? 779: hmm I don't know interviewer: what about um what'd you call peas and beets and carrots and so forth that you grow yourself? 779: vegetables interviewer: and you grow 'em in a 779: garden interviewer: any special names for if you grow 'em yourself? 779: uh homegrown #1 homegrown vegetables # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # say something that's cooking made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone would you just 779: smell? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say smell of it? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you 779: #1 I # interviewer: #2 {D: word that} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I would just say uh smell of it smell of that interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say this isn't imitation maple syrup this is 779: real interviewer: or this is gen- 779: genuine syrup? interviewer: and if you were buying something wholesale or or several hundred pounds at a time you'd say you were buying it in 779: a large quantity interviewer: mm-kay any other way of saying that? 779: um mm interviewer: do you ever hear in bulk or bulk? 779: yeah mm buying it in bulk interviewer: and what would you call whiskey that's made illegally? 779: um bootleg I guess interviewer: any other names? 779: um now wait a minute um oh gee I don't know interviewer: what if it's not fit to drink? {X} {X} 779: {D: sharp manning} interviewer: mm-kay what about beer that you make at home? you'd call that 779: beer? that you make at home I don't know you mean what do you call it? interviewer: yeah do you ever hear of 779: #1 homemade brew? # interviewer: #2 {X} # huh? 779: homemade brew interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear of {D: splo} 779: mm-mm interviewer: and a sweet spread you can put on toast or biscuits would be 779: a what? interviewer: a sweet spread 779: oh a sweet spread that you could put on uh jelly? interviewer: and what you'd have on a table to season your food with would be 779: salt interviewer: what else? 779: pepper interviewer: and there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one he'd tell you 779: give me an apple interviewer: and you'd say he doesn't live here he lives 779: next door interviewer: or he lives way 779: down the street interviewer: do you ever say over yonder? 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: Say he lives over yonder interviewer: what does yonder mean? 779: it means over there interviewer: and you'd tell someone don't do it that way do it 779: this way? interviewer: and if you don't have any money at all you'd say you're not rich you're 779: poor interviewer: and you'd say um when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what's father was rich? next door was a child 779: and his father was rich? interviewer: mm-kay or as another way of saying that next door was a child 779: whose father was rich interviewer: and if you have a lot of peach trees you'd say you have a peach 779: orchard interviewer: and you could have someone who {D: sets his orchard insane} {X} point to someone else and say he's the man 779: who owns the orchard? interviewer: and say if you left a um an apple lying around and it got all dried out you'd say the skin of that dried apple was all did it get wrinkled 779: mm uh interviewer: {X} 779: dried up interviewer: what's another way of saying that? did it 779: it's um hard interviewer: #1 {D: do you ever say swiveled} # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 or shriveled # 779: #2 yeah # swiveled and shriveled I say both of 'em interviewer: which 779: {X} I I'd probably say it's all shriveled up interviewer: and a kind of a fruit that a citrus fruit that grows out in the garden would be 779: oranges interviewer: and say if there was a bowl of oranges and you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are 779: gone interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say you're just feeling so good that instead of walking he what all the way home 779: ran? interviewer: mm-kay he has what a mile? 779: he has run a mile? interviewer: mm-kay children like to 779: run interviewer: and you'd say um I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it 779: now what? interviewer: we hadn't gone half a block when it 779: rained interviewer: mm-kay and if say a bee stung me my hand is what 779: swelled interviewer: and it's still pretty badly 779: swollen interviewer: and if a bee stings you your hand will 779: swell interviewer: what sort of things um well inside of the the cherry the part you don't eat in a cherry you'd call that a 779: pit interviewer: hmm? 779: pit interviewer: what would you call it in a peach? 779: seed interviewer: and the part inside the seed? 779: the part inside the seed? mm interviewer: you know what I mean that real smooth thing? 779: I don't know what you mean interviewer: have you ever cracked a seed open? 779: mm-mm interviewer: there's one kind of peach that it's real that comes off the seed real easy you'd call that a 779: it comes off the seed? interviewer: you know there's there's one kind of peach that you can take {C: informant coughs} the the s- the flesh off the seed real easy just comes right off 779: mm-hmm interviewer: then there's another kind that sticks to the seed did you ever hear of such a name for those? 779: mm mm-mm I know the name of one kind of peaches but uh I don't know if that's uh interviewer: what 779: Alberta? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: Alberta peaches interviewer: do you ever hear them called freestone or soft peach or 779: I've heard of freestone interviewer: mm-kay what's the other kind called? 779: Alberta and freestones all I know interviewer: and the part of the apple that you don't eat 779: the core interviewer: and if you cut up apples and dry them you'd say you're making 779: cut 'em up and dry 'em? dry apples? interviewer: do you ever hear them called {D: snits} 779: uh-uh interviewer: what different nuts kinds of nuts do people get around here? 779: pecans um now you mean are actually grown around here? #1 at Christmas # interviewer: #2 well um # 779: time we get a lot of different kinds of nuts interviewer: what different ones do you get at Christmas? 779: we get English walnuts we get um course we get pecans we have pecan trees all over the place here um English walnuts and uh these nuts they're kinda long ones and they're real hard what's the name of those? we used to call 'em nigger toes I think interviewer: good and dark 779: yeah {NS} yeah you know dark on the outside uh interviewer: what's {X} 779: pecans interviewer: what else what about one that's shaped like your eye? 779: shaped like your eye interviewer: it's got a thin sort of hard shell what kinds of nuts would be used in {D: craving} 779: um peanuts I guess interviewer: what about almond or almond do you have 779: yes we have almonds interviewer: do they grow here or do they 779: I don't think they grow here and I don't know for certain but we get those at Christmas interviewer: is there any other name for peanuts? 779: uh goobers? interviewer: mm-kay is that a word you'd use? 779: mm-hmm well I don't use it much but some people around here do #1 instead of peanuts # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # did you ever see a walnut just off the tree? 779: #1 just off the tree? # interviewer: #2 yeah but # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: mm-mm interviewer: well what about a pecan when it 779: oh yeah interviewer: it's got a green covering on it 779: yeah interviewer: you'd call that the 779: hull interviewer: what about the part that you crack? that's the 779: shell interviewer: and um you'd say that's the book that you what me 779: gave me interviewer: mm-kay and you have what me 779: given interviewer: and when I'm through with it I'll 779: give interviewer: and you'd say um what time does the movie 779: start interviewer: or what time does it what's another way of saying start 779: begin interviewer: you'd say it must have already {C: informant coughs} 779: begun interviewer: and ten minutes ago it 779: began interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say those boys get mad and what 779: fight interviewer: and yesterday they 779: fought interviewer: and ever since they were small they have 779: fought interviewer: do you ever hear people say they um fought or they fit {C: pronunciation on fought} 779: I've heard 'em say they fought {C: pronunciation} and fit #1 too yeah # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # how does that sound to you? 779: that's bad that sounds terrible interviewer: um what different things do people grow in a garden around here? 779: uh they grow beans corn squash okra green onions potatoes radishes um carrots um I believe they grew cabbage next door last year um and they grow turnip greens and mustard greens I think {X} interviewer: what do 779: tomatoes oh yes tomatoes interviewer: what do you call the little tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? 779: uh we call 'em little salad tomatoes interviewer: mm-kay what different kinds of potatoes are there? 779: uh Irish potatoes sweet potatoes interviewer: is there another name for sweet potatoes or the different 779: #1 yams # interviewer: #2 kinds # hmm? 779: yams? interviewer: is that the same or is that a variety or what? 779: no that's the same to me interviewer: and something that'd make your eyes water if you cut it 779: onion interviewer: what different kinds of beans do people grow? 779: they grow butter beans uh #1 you said beans {C: overlap} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: then not peas uh butter beans oh I don't know if they grow pinto beans around here or not and I don't know about uh great northern beans interviewer: what's another what's something similar to butter beans but another #1 name for 'em # 779: #2 butter beans? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # um interviewer: do you ever hear lima? 779: yes lima beans interviewer: how's that different? are they different things? 779: uh the lima beans well they're bigger than a butter bean interviewer: #1 what color # 779: #2 they're # they're all white I would think I believe interviewer: what about the butter beans? 779: well the butter beans can be white or they can be speckled you know they can be white with purple speckles on 'em interviewer: what about the ones that are green? what are they? 779: uh are they bab- baby limas? interviewer: mm-kay 779: I don't know interviewer: if you want to get the beans out of the pods you'd say you have to 779: shell 'em interviewer: and the kinds of beans that you don't shell but you eat with the pod and everything 779: oh uh green beans interviewer: is there another name for green beans? 779: um Kentucky wonder beans interviewer: mm-kay #1 what about snap bean or string bean? # 779: #2 snap # beans and string beans yeah interviewer: what's the difference between all of them? 779: uh well now if I'm not mistaken the Kentucky wonder bean is is big you know it's the biggest interviewer: mm-hmm 779: green bean and then the snap beans and the green beans uh I don't think there's any difference between them interviewer: and something that's um some leafy thing it grows round 779: lettuce? interviewer: mm-kay if you wanted to buy um if you wanted to buy some you'd have to go and ask for maybe three 779: heads of lettuce interviewer: would you ever use the word head to talk about children? like if someone has five children they have five heads of children 779: I wouldn't interviewer: how does that sound? 779: oh kinda crude interviewer: what if someone had about fourteen children you'd say he really had a 779: house full of children interviewer: do you ever call that a passel? 779: yeah a passel of children or interviewer: #1 what else would you use the word passel about? {C: overlap} # 779: #2 house full of children # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # um passel oh I don't know I can't think really and truly I don't use the word very much but you know a lotta people do say that but I don't say it much interviewer: what would you call a kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 779: um well there's creamed corn but you you're talking about uh when you take it off the cob? interviewer: well just the kind of corn that you buy that's tender #1 real tender # 779: #2 it's # tender um interviewer: {D: the young corn} 779: young corn yeah interviewer: #1 would you ever hear it called sweet corn or roasting ears # 779: #2 sweet # corn interviewer: hmm? 779: sweet corn uh-huh interviewer: what about roasting ears 779: yeah I've heard it called that but I don't interviewer: you've heard it called 779: sweet corn and roasting ears interviewer: which would you use 779: I would say sweet corn myself interviewer: what about the the green covering on the corn that's the 779: shuck interviewer: and the stringy stuff 779: silks interviewer: and the thing that goes to the top of the corn stalk 779: At the top? interviewer: mm-hmm {D: the little bunch of strings} 779: the corn silks you're talking #1 about? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what # what about all that um you've seen the the caps that people use for graduation the thing that hangs down is the 779: tassel interviewer: and something you make pie out of at Thanksgiving 779: #1 something you make pie out a pumpkin # interviewer: #2 yeah a big # mm-kay are there different kinds of squash 779: uh yeah there's yellow squash white squash um well there may be more than that but I don't know interviewer: what do you call the white and black kind of squash? 779: what do you call it? interviewer: does it have a special name? 779: um I think it does but I can't think of it interviewer: #1 is that what you meant by white squash? # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # that's what I meant interviewer: what about a little umbrella shaped thing that grows up in the woods or fields after it rains 779: a mushroom? interviewer: what's a is there another name for them? 779: um toadstool interviewer: is there a difference between a mushroom and a toadstool? 779: uh well no when I was a child we called 'em both interviewer: and what different kinds of melons do people get around here 779: watermelons cantaloupes uh now I mushmelons I think a mushmelon and a cantaloupe is the same thing I'm not sure but we get cantaloupes and watermelons interviewer: and something people smoke would be 779: cigarettes interviewer: and 779: cigars interviewer: and say someone offered to do you a favor but you didn't want to feel like you um owe them anything you'd say well I don't want to feel 779: obligated interviewer: and if someone asks you if you're able to do something you'd say sure I 779: I will do it? interviewer: or if they ask you if you're able you'd say sure I 779: I'm able interviewer: mm-kay or I what do it I or if you weren't able to they'd ask you can you do that and you'd say no I 779: I'm unable to do it interviewer: mm-kay you'd say I'd like to help you but I just 779: I don't I just I am just unable to help you? interviewer: and someone asks you about sundown to do some work you'd say well I got up to work before sunup and I 779: I'm tired interviewer: mm-kay or I've what all I'm going to today uh 779: I've worked all I'm going to today? interviewer: do you ever say uh I done worked or I done {X} 779: I don't interviewer: and you'd say there's a really bad accident up the road but it there wasn't any use in calling the doctor because by the time you got there the person was what 779: dead interviewer: or 779: was already dead interviewer: would you ever say he was done dead? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and you'd tell someone um you're not doing what you what to do 779: what you should do? interviewer: #1 or using another way of saying that? {C: overlap} # 779: #2 what you # ought to do? interviewer: and if a child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 779: shouldn't have done interviewer: or he did something he 779: ought not to have done interviewer: and if you just refuse to do something you might say well no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just 779: refuse interviewer: or I just what do that I just 779: {X} #1 I'm mixed up # interviewer: #2 {X} # will you do that you'd say no I 779: will not do that interviewer: or another way of saying that no I 779: I won't do that interviewer: and you'd say um I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you 779: will? interviewer: mm-kay and say if you had done something that was hard work all by yourself and all the time you were working your friends were just standing around watching you not offering to help when you get through you might say instead of just standing there you know you might 779: help me interviewer: were you to finish you'd say you might 779: you might have helped me interviewer: mm-kay and someone asked you if you'd be able to do something next week or some time you might say well I'm not sure but I 779: will try? interviewer: would you ever say I might could? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you say that? 779: well instead of saying I will try I I would say I'm not sure but I might could do that? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm-hmm interviewer: and you'd say say if you got someone some medicine you go and you still see the medicine by the person's bed you'd say why haven't you 779: taken your medicine interviewer: and the person would say I already 779: took interviewer: mm-kay and in another hour I'll 779: take interviewer: and the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 779: kind of bird oh an owl? interviewer: what different kinds are there? 779: different kinds of owls? hoot owl uh {X} I don't know hoot owl interviewer: what about the little ones? that they {X} 779: screech owl interviewer: uh-huh have you ever seen one of them? 779: mm-mm interviewer: do you ever hear any superstitions about owls? 779: superstitions #1 about owls? # interviewer: #2 like owls # being connected to death or anything? 779: no interviewer: and the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 779: a woodpecker interviewer: any other names for them? 779: uh I've heard 'em called {D: ready egg} woodpeckers #1 um # interviewer: #2 what do you call # a large woodpecker any special name? 779: I don't know if there is interviewer: do you ever hear a woodpecker called a peckerwood? 779: yes interviewer: how would people say that? 779: well I don't know now I've just heard you know heard 'em called peckerwood interviewer: do you ever hear the word peckerwood used about people? {X} 779: uh yeah I think so you know when somebody was mad at someone or something interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: well it doesn't sound very nice interviewer: and what kind of black and white animal that has a real strong smell? 779: a skunk interviewer: any other names for them? 779: um I don't think so interviewer: say some animals have been coming and getting your chickens and you didn't know exactly what kind they were what general name would you have for the type of animal that would do that? 779: uh wolves interviewer: uh-huh well if you don't know they're wolves they're just what you'd say I'm gonna get a gun and kill that 779: kill that animal interviewer: would you ever call 'em varmints? 779: {NW} yeah interviewer: how would you use that? 779: well uh I'd just say you know I'm gonna get a gun and kill that varmint interviewer: what would a varmint be? 779: #1 I # interviewer: #2 or # 779: really don't know what a varmint is interviewer: {X} #1 sort of animal # 779: #2 it's just # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # mm I don't know uh interviewer: would uh a mouse be a varmint? or a rat? 779: well it could uh usually if I say that I I'm just uh you know it's just a name that I'm calling something interviewer: would you ever #1 call a # 779: #2 just a # interviewer: person a varmint? 779: well not really interviewer: what about a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 779: a squirrel? interviewer: what different kinds of squirrels are there? 779: mm gosh I don't know interviewer: what different colors? 779: uh well there's gray and brown maybe black? I'm not sure about black interviewer: do you ever hear of a fox squirrel or a cat squirrel? 779: mm no I don't believe #1 not that I # interviewer: #2 what of # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what's something kinda like a squirrel and it's small and has little stripes down its back? 779: kinda like a squirrel? now you're not talking about a rat interviewer: do you ever hear of a chipmunk or ground- 779: chipmunk uh-huh interviewer: huh? 779: a chipmunk interviewer: do they have those around here? 779: well uh I don't think so I haven't seen any interviewer: can they climb trees if you know 779: chipmunks uh I don't know interviewer: what different kinds of fish do people get around here? 779: uh catfish white perch um catfish and white perch and oh I don't know several kinds interviewer: what's the name of {X} 779: I don't know interviewer: what could you get from {D: drugstores} {X}