779: {B} interviewer: And your address? 779: {B} interviewer: How long have y'all lived down here? 779: um It will be seventeen years in September. quite a while interviewer: and the name of this community? 779: It's Werner Park. interviewer: Do you know the town? 779: #1 Shre- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: Shreveport interviewer: And the parish and state? 779: it's Caddo Parish Louisiana {NW} interviewer: And where were you born? 779: {X} interviewer: not a good town 779: good town Shreveport interviewer: What area did you grow up in? 779: Shreveport interviewer: This area right here or? 779: No uh this area right not too far from here called Ingleside {NS} I haven't moved very far. {C: laughing} interviewer: and your age? 779: thirty-six {NS} interviewer: and occupation 779: housewife {NS} interviewer: have you ever worked outside your house? 779: no interviewer: do you ever want to? 779: well it may come to that {C: laughing} and if it does I you know I'm willing but I never have {NS} interviewer: and your religion? 779: Baptist interviewer: and tell me about your education um starting with the name of the first school you went to and how long you went 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 there # 779: the first school I went to uh was Claiborne elementary interviewer: {X} 779: um if well it's back over that {X} where I was raised I don't know if you'd actually say it's in Ingleside interviewer: mm-hmm 779: or uh Claiborne they kinda call it Claiborne subdivision I think it's {X} towards where I was raised interviewer: and how long did you go there? 779: six years interviewer: and then talk about your junior high school {C: inferred from context, can't actually hear anything beyond "talk"} 779: uh Lakeshore Junior High interviewer: and how long did you go there 779: uh two years interviewer: that was in the same neighborhood? 779: no it's way over uh I don't know what you'd call that section really the school is on Lakeshore drive I don't know I really don't know what to call that that section of town #1 I could take you if you want me to {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 what about # what about high school? 779: Fair Park Fair Park High interviewer: and you graduated? 779: mm-hmm {NW} interviewer: and did you go to school after that anymore? 779: no interviewer: um tell me about the things that you're involved with if you're active in church or clubs or anything like that 779: well yes we're very active in church {NW} uh I don't really belong to any any clubs you know anything like that uh {NW} was it an I don't know interviewer: hmm does it okay {NS} what what all do you do in church 779: uh well I am uh a sponsor for the first and second grade choir choir sponsor interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and uh interviewer: and that's what you want your little girl to do? 779: my little boy she's in preschool uh my {C: throat clear} boy's in this choir and um well I I I help in um preschool church interviewer: mm-hmm 779: preschool now let me see what else oh uh I work part time in the library at church interviewer: is the library mainly for children? 779: oh no it's for everybody children on up {C: laughing} interviewer: where do y'all um 779: {NW} interviewer: is uh most of this donated or 779: oh no uh-uh uh there there are some donated but we buy a lot of 'em the library and {X} in fact most of them I think you know are bought but then we do have you know some donated as memorials and this kind of thing {NW} interviewer: any clubs? {C: mic bump} outside of church that you {C: mic bump} 779: um no uh we've got the school P-T-A would that be considered interviewer: what about travel have you ever traveled? 779: no {C: laughing} when my mother lived in Pennsylvania we went up there and I've been to Mississippi and course I've been to places in Texas but outside of that that's that's about it interviewer: where in Mississippi have you been? 779: Grenada interviewer: where's that? 779: well uh you know where uh mm Jackson you know where Jackson is it's about a hundred miles I can't tell you where east west or what of Jackson but well you know where Memphis, Tennessee well it's about a hundred miles from Memphis interviewer: oh that's in the valley isn't it? 779: I don't I don't actually {X} interviewer: {X} 779: that's where my sister #1 lived {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 oh I see # 779: {X} ten or eleven years interviewer: tell me about your parents where they lived and all that their education and 779: #1 uh hmm # interviewer: #2 so on # 779: now my mother she was born and raised in Shreveport and uh goodness I believe she went to uh to Claiborne Claiborne elementary too but from and and she graduated from Fair Park but and you know I don't believe they had uh {NS} junior high interviewer: mm-hmm 779: back then so she must have gone I don't know if she went six or seven years you know to Claiborne and then she must have gone straight from there to Fair Park interviewer: did 779: she she did graduate from Fair Park interviewer: did she do work outside 779: oh yes yeah she's still working {C: laughing} interviewer: what does she do? 779: uh {NW} well she's done mostly secretarial work interviewer: for places here in Shreveport? 779: uh yes uh she worked for uh a couple of insurance companies but right off I can't remember the names interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and uh right now she works for Oracle Gas interviewer: where did she when she was living in Pennsylvania huh {C: mic bump} was that with 779: uh yeah she was transferred up there and at the time she was working here with city service interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and they transferred to Pennsylvania interviewer: for what years was that? 779: oh goodness uh {C: laughing / throat clear and mic bump} let me see let's see {X} she came back from that {X} that said she was only sixty she must've you mean now you mean what years did she live up #1 there # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: I told you at church you know she lived up there about six years that was wrong it was two and a half years uh interviewer: #1 on the last your father # 779: #2 {X} # uh no let's see it was in the early it was in the early sixties interviewer: mm-hmm 779: I can't remember anything I think interviewer: well that's close enough um {X} 779: oh yes interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: what about your father? 779: well now he was born in Cason, Texas interviewer: {X} 779: Cason interviewer: mm-hmm 779: I'm not sure uh it's C-A-S-O-N I presume {C: laughing} interviewer: where is that in Texas 779: I do not know {C: laughing} my mother just told me he was born in Cason, Texas and I don't have any idea where it is interviewer: was is that not where he grew up? 779: no he grew up in Bunkie interviewer: Louisiana 779: Bunkie, Louisiana interviewer: {X} 779: {X} interviewer: did did he speak French or? {C: mic bumping} 779: uh no not really {C: laughing} interviewer: what about his education 779: and that is something I cannot tell you about because he he lived in twenty-seven different places while he was a child his father worked for the railroad {C: laughing} and they moved they moved all over the place he went to twenty-seven different schools when he was a child can you imagine so I just don't know anything about where he got his education interviewer: how far did he go in school 779: uh really I do not know that I'd hate to tell you you know that he finished high school because I really don't know my father is dead now interviewer: but you think he got some part of schooling 779: I imagine he did interviewer: what sort of work did he do? 779: uh well he did a lot of different things {NS} he uh he worked for a place called standard brass and that was kind of uh well they had to do with refrigeration and things like that interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and then he worked for uh an electric company Ken electric {NS} interviewer: {X} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: tell us all about your um well first of all what was your mother's maiden name 779: her maiden name was {B} interviewer: and tell me about {X} where they were born 779: uh her mother was born in east Texas and I don't know what place interviewer: did she grow up in 779: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 east Texas? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what was do you know what your grandmother's maiden name was 779: um let me see oh yeah {B} {B} interviewer: how much education did your grandmother have? {C: mic bump} 779: uh I don't know {C: laughing} she did not you know finish high school or anything like that there were twelve children and her father was blind totally blind and her mother of course you know didn't have a lot of help interviewer: do you think you could your grandmother read and write {X} 779: oh yes oh yes she can read and write interviewer: is she still living 779: mm-hmm interviewer: um what sort of work has she done 779: uh the only time I can really remember her working uh is she worked in a factory where they made fishing baits it was just called a bait factory I guess interviewer: {X} 779: uh she's been a housewife most of her life she too has worked a few years interviewer: what about your um grandfather on your mother's side {C: mic bump} TV: {X} 779: um I don't know where he was born and I don't know where he was raised uh I d- I I I can tell you a little bit about uh his now not his father but his mother interviewer: mm-hmm 779: his mother was a full blood Indian interviewer: um 779: {X} I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever meet her? 779: no no she uh I guess she was dead I don't I don't I never saw his mother and father she was a full blood Indian and I know nothing about his father interviewer: {X} 779: {NW} oh yes interviewer: mm-hmm what sort of work did he do? 779: uh he worked for the uh glass factory interviewer: mm-hmm in Shreveport? 779: yes mm-hmm interviewer: what kind of work did he do there 779: uh he worked on this uh great big uh machines I don't know what they're called anyway he did some kind of machinery work interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm {NW} interviewer: do you know um can you trace your ancestry back on the other side? {X} 779: uh if you can turn that off just a minute I can get you something interviewer: okay 779: my son is doing that in school right now I don't know if he's got that with him or not {X} something in school and he's been working on this {X} at least it's my husband I mean my uh yeah my husband's mother's right there interviewer: uh-huh 779: uh interviewer: how are they getting the information from 779: uh from family bibles and you know uh okay let's see my mother's uh okay we have her father's name oh you don't have a {D: photo of him} do you? interviewer: I'm not sure #1 what was his name? # 779: #2 his # his name is {B} interviewer: oh okay {X} 779: oh and here's where he was born are you okay? interviewer: yeah 779: he was born in Atlanta, Texas do you have to know the year? interviewer: no this is {X} 779: place mm-kay and he grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana is what this says oh no he died in Shreveport interviewer: oh 779: #1 excuse me # interviewer: #2 what # does it say where your grandmother was born? your mother's mother 779: uh interviewer: you said east Texas 779: oh yeah here it is Sulphur Springs, Texas I'm glad he had this {C: laughing} okay well let's see here now you would want my grandfather's father's name right {C: laughing} uh let me see {B} I hope I'm going right on this {NS} {NS} interviewer: where was he born? {NS} 779: he does not have the place he's just got the year down here the year is eighteen fifty interviewer: mm-hmm 779: but he does not have a place uh he's got in here that he died in Atlanta, Texas interviewer: mm-hmm your family has all those old bibles? 779: uh my grandmother has one and my husband's mother has one so she was the baby in her family there was about eight or nine children in her family and she was the baby and they always give it to the youngest child and she brought him uh they just went home this weekend they came came back and she brought him this huge family bible and it's really coming apart it's so old it's over a hundred years old and it's got all this stuff in it and my grandmother's um she she just remembers you know some of hers and she's let me look through a lot of them in her bible interviewer: do you have any idea of when your mother's people came to southeastern Louisiana? or before they came 779: when my mother's people come? uh interviewer: how far {X} 779: well he's got uh um on my husband's mother's side he's got he's gone back to the revolutionary war interviewer: gosh 779: so uh he's going back just as far I don't really know you know if they if the teacher has told them that they have to go back you know to a definite time it's just as far back as they can go I guess interviewer: are any of your husband's people from Mississippi? {C: mic bump} 779: no mm-mm uh no his people are from um well his father at least {X} he grew up I don't know where he was born uh but he was born in Glenmora, Louisiana where he now lives interviewer: this is your husband's father? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: {X} what parish is Glenmora in? 779: uh it's in Rapides I believe interviewer: {X} 779: yes mm-hmm it's twenty-five miles on the other side of Alexandria interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and I guess I suppose he moved there it's uh he's just got going there interviewer: {X} 779: evergreen Evergreen, Louisiana interviewer: {X} 779: I don't know interviewer: {X} 779: mm-mm and I had never heard of it until I married into the family {C: laughing} it's this this a little country town is all I know interviewer: {X} 779: yeah but this is Louisiana I know that {C: laughing} interviewer: tell me about your um your grandparents on your father's side {X} 779: uh okay let's {NS} see my father mm gosh right now and that was yeah okay his father's name was uh {B} interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and he was he does not have where he was born he died in Bunkie and his mother #1 his mother's name # interviewer: #2 he was born here in Louisiana? # 779: I really don't know his mother her name was {B} interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and he doesn't have where she was born but she also died in Bunkie interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh do you know what his father did? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: he worked for uh some railroad I don't know which one {C: laughing} {NW} interviewer: what did his mother do? TV: {X} 779: she was just a housewife as far as I knew she uh she died when I was still pretty small I don't remember too much about her interviewer: do you have any idea how much education they had? 779: no I don't think his father Yeah I remember him saying something about his father I don't believe his father had too much education seemed like he had to quit school and go to work for some reason and I know nothing about his his mother's education TV: {X} interviewer: now can you go back further than that? if it 779: um well let me see well he's got things on it {X} he was a war soldier {C: laughing} uh no on my daddy's side I believe that's as far as he's gone I mean this is {D: this is} the other one that's a different family interviewer: do you know um what country they came from? {X} 779: uh never mind let me see my grandmother's mother interviewer: Which 779: or her father it's her father on my mother's side interviewer: mm-hmm 779: her father came from Wales we're really we're a mixture {C: laughing} interviewer: do you know any other countries? that you 779: uh no uh now my my grandfather on my mother's side uh his mother you know I told you she was full blood Indian she was kin to Pocahontas and I did not know you know #1 where I came from # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: I really don't know any other country that uh {X} interviewer: what about on your {X} 779: mm no I don't know uh you know except for {C: laughing} I don't I really don't know what country it is that's just we're from or anything interviewer: tell me some more about your husband how old is he? 779: he's forty-three interviewer: {X} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what about his education? 779: uh he finished high school at Glenmora, Louisiana and even came to Shreveport and he graduated from Saint Mary College interviewer: what did he major in? 779: he majored in accounting interviewer: what sort of work does he do? 779: he is a bank auditor interviewer: and where does he work? 779: uh Minden, Louisiana interviewer: is that during {X} 779: uh well he lived there and I think until he was in the fourth grade and then they moved to uh um yeah closer to where his parents live now but then they moved to a little place called Plainview I believe his father was a schoolteacher he's a retired schoolteacher and then from Plainview I believe they they moved several little towns you know down around in there but uh he lived uh at Glenmora when he graduated from from high school interviewer: is your husband very active in church? 779: very interviewer: {X} 779: he is the the department director for our one of our Sunday school departments interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and uh well actually you know he doesn't belong to any clubs or anything like that interviewer: mm-hmm 779: well I don't know you know he being being department director takes up quite a bit of his time interviewer: mostly {X} 779: #1 and he # interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 779: yeah uh-huh he is the substitute Sunday school teacher you know if if uh one of his teachers happens to be out interviewer: is this the church that you grew up with? 779: no interviewer: what church did you go to? 779: uh I was a Methodist for thirty-five years interviewer: mm-hmm 779: we've just been over here a year interviewer: what Methodist church did you go to? 779: Wynn Memorial W-Y-N-N Wynn Memorial Methodist and my husband was also going to that same church when we married and he uh he really grew up as a Methodist uh he did go to the Baptist church a little when he was a child because his father was a Baptist and his mother was a Methodist interviewer: what made you decide to {C: mic bump} change churches {X} 779: well because the church we were in it's a it's a ve- it it was a very small Methodist church and most of the people that were left in the church were older people and there was just no you know we were not taking in any any younger members you know you know {NS} and actually our children and one other couple's children were the only children in the whole church interviewer: {NW} 779: that's right and they the children we felt like they were just not getting what they needed you know there was just really nothing outside of Sunday school and church there was nothing for the children and uh we just felt like it was time to make a change you know because it seemed like the church was just and it still is it's just going downhill you know and we feel like you know that it will just soon die out interviewer: so your children are {X} 779: yes interviewer: {X} 779: we have a a big group of young people {NW} we have from little ones on up {C: laughing} our nursery is full of little babies {NW} interviewer: I'd like to get an idea of what the house that you grew up in looked like um you know sort of the names of the rooms and just kind of a floor plan of the {X} 779: oh golly I can't draw interviewer: oh just just like you're looking down on it you know where each room was in relation to the others and 779: well um yeah that oo mercy I can't draw {C: laughing} my son's an artist {C: laughing} he could do this uh well it had a big ol' front porch this this does not look a thing like it interviewer: well just like you're looking down on it just you know the floor- 779: #1 just # interviewer: #2 plan # 779: the #1 floor plan huh # interviewer: #2 yeah # just 779: well let's see it had uh we had two bedrooms like we then had a alright let's see then it was a hall here and the bathroom of course and then this hall wound down here into another bedroom I'm not doing a good job at all {C: laughing} uh okay you got your {sitting room} interviewer: {X} what's this word say how many rooms are there 779: uh one two three four five five rooms and the bathroom and then this hall interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and then this huge front porch all the way across the front of the house interviewer: when you walked in the and there's two rooms in the front 779: there were two front doors yeah interviewer: mm-hmm what was the room on the right 779: the room on the right was the front bedroom and the room on the left was the living room interviewer: and the hall went between those 779: no the hall went between the front bedroom and the back bedroom interviewer: oh I see the hall went #1 parallel to the door # 779: #2 yeah # yeah no {NS} no it it goes the other way like the porch is here {C: laughing} okay here's a door and you go in here well this is the front bedroom and then the hall and then the back bedroom and then the bathroom {X} interviewer: oh I see 779: next we're on the right side of the house okay and over here was the dining room and the kitchen interviewer: uh-huh 779: and the living room and then this big porch goes all the way across here #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: like that {C: laughing} interviewer: how long did you live in that house 779: well hmm interviewer: oh label the living room 779: oh mm-kay {X} {X} uh {NW} we can at least {D: put} this one on TV: {X} 779: uh this room out here was actually it was a den or a sleeping porch whatever that that's what my grandmother uses it for now interviewer: {X} 779: oh this was the dining room wait a minute I've goofed here wait this is the living interviewer: what is a sleeping porch 779: {X} {X} uh it's just a big room and she's got a bed in there now uh I would call it a den {C: laughing} you know even though it has a bed in there she but she uses that room kinda like a bedroom kinda as a bedroom is what she uses is using it for right now interviewer: how is it {D: then} when the rain comes down if you call it a sleeping porch then 779: well uh she had when it was first built uh we used it well I believe she did use it to sleep out there then but on one side of it on one end of it she's got a what she calls a window box and it goes all the way you know across under the windows on that side of the room and then there's a closet well it goes all the way until this closet and then there's a closet right here and she's got uh various things out there {C: laughing} she has an old table she calls a library table which they used to have years ago and then she has her sewing machine out there she's got a dresser out there she has her TV out there and then her bed interviewer: mm-hmm what's the the window box is just a series of windows or 779: uh there's let me see one {C: mic bump} there is actually just two windows up over this window box but there's all of about ten windows in this whole room it's big and then this window box goes under these two windows and then down here at the end there's the closet well over here on this side she has her washing machine interviewer: what is the window box do you know 779: it's just a a big wooden box that's built from the floor up to about right this interviewer: just about here 779: and mm-hmm not well it's not quite three feet maybe it's a little shorter and uh it just has lids with 'em lids you know that open up and you can store stuff in it like a closet only it's not a closet {C: laughing} uh interviewer: what about the library table what's that 779: it's just a I think my grandfather built it it's just a table that's about this high interviewer: about three and a half feet 779: probably something like that and it's about uh it's not as long as this table I'd say about three fourths as long as this table and it's about this wide #1 and it has four le- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: four legs interviewer: about four feet by two and a half feet 779: uh probably interviewer: how is it different from a regular table I mean why is it 779: uh well it's it's different you know from a table that you would eat on because it's not this wide or anything it's not as wide and then the legs about it they uh they don't just they're not just straight down like this they go in and then they're curved out like a foot you know {C: laughing} odd {C: laughing} and uh she's just always called that a library table interviewer: and he built that? table 779: mm-hmm I think he did I know he built some of the furniture that she's still got his thingies tools {X} {X} that's the dining room um interviewer: {X} 779: my grandmother still and and my mother and uh my stepfather have moved moved in with my grandmother because she is eighty-three uh let's see dining room and then this would be the kitchen I'm sorry interviewer: did you grow up with a stepfather 779: no my father died uh let's see daddy has been dead let me see he's been dead twelve years and my mother didn't marry uh the man she's married to now and let me see she's been married five years to him so and then would you like for me to put a sleeping porch or a den? well I have a big room out there we call ours the den my two boys sleep out there because they have to because we just have two bedrooms so #1 that's a pitiful house {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 {X} # oh I'm sorry what about this house that you're living in now 779: draw it? interviewer: yes 779: {NW} you would {C: laughing} oh I I can't draw okay this is the living room and then the dining room and my kitchen it's kind of long like that and then off from the kitchen is the den and then right here is the back bedroom and then the hall let's see I didn't do that very good then just a bathroom and then up here is the front bedroom and that is supposed to be closed up in there {C: laughing} {NW} okay so this is the living room {NW} interviewer: did you ever hear any old fashioned names for living room? 779: uh the parlor interviewer: what did the parlor mean? 779: uh I don't know except that it was just a you know I've heard that since I was a child I just supposed it was a room you know that they used like a living room instead of calling it a living room they just called it a parlor {C: laughing} interviewer: that's not a word you would use yourself? 779: no {C: laughing} {X} interviewer: {X} 779: yeah {C: laughing} interviewer: okay 779: yeah all of this should be you know kind of get it I really made my kitchen too long here I shoulda cut it off but it's it's longer than it is wide so that's why {C: laughing} okay okay interviewer: did you ever um live in a house that had a fireplace in it 779: no uh-uh {NS} not a real fireplace interviewer: what do you call the um thing in the fireplace that the smoke goes up through? 779: chimney interviewer: you know there's an open place that comes down on the floor sort of {D: and it's made of doctors} {C: droning noise} 779: oh uh you're talking about like that connects the ceiling interviewer: yeah what's that called? 779: uh the hearth interviewer: the thing that you set the wood on in the fireplace 779: that you burn the wood on interviewer: you know what I mean? those 779: yeah interviewer: things that fit in there 779: yeah I know what you're talking about um well I don't know what they call that {C: laughing} interviewer: do you ever get people talking about dog irons or uh fire irons {C: motor} 779: yeah yeah interviewer: what is in your thoughts 779: fire irons I suppose {D: uh it sounds more for danger} interviewer: what about the thing that goes up above that you would dust or cloth or something like that {C: motor} 779: the mantle interviewer: mm-kay and say do you want to start a fire what kind of wood might you use to start it with? 779: I don't know {C: laughing} uh me and my my grandmother's parents they had a fireplace and I don't know what kind of wood they just they always had wood you know piled up there I don't know what kind of wood it was interviewer: so what would you call a little piece of real rich wood that you know would would ignite easily you know what I mean like say you're on a camping trip or something 779: yeah interviewer: you get your little piece of this to catch fire real easily did you ever 779: #1 would # interviewer: #2 hear it # called go ahead 779: no I just wanted to say was maybe pine interviewer: mm-kay well did you ever hear it called kindling or lighter or 779: yeah kindling I've heard of that interviewer: what would that be for you would it be a specific type of wood or 779: I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: um {X} a long time ago they could take a real big piece of wood and put that way towards the back of the fireplace and it might burn all night long what do you call that? what would you call this um big piece of wood that you could burn 779: just keep burning {D: me} um interviewer: #1 well what would you call any big piece of wood # 779: #2 I don't know # interviewer: {D: like a beech} 779: uh a block of wood interviewer: did you ever hear of a back log or a back stick 779: heard back log interviewer: what's a back log? 779: I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: um and the black stuff that forms in the chimney? 779: soot interviewer: and what do you shovel out of the fireplace 779: coals interviewer: okay or what else 779: uh ashes interviewer: and talk about things that you have in the house um the thing that I'm sitting in what do you call that? {C: mic bump} 779: chair interviewer: what about something um {X} it's longer 779: couch interviewer: any other names for that? 779: divan interviewer: huh? 779: divan interviewer: what's the difference? 779: uh I don't know {C: laughing} some people just say couch and some say divan that's all I know #1 I've always said # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 couch # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about something you can pull out and make a bed? with it 779: a hide a bed interviewer: mm-hmm what about sofa? 779: sofa interviewer: what's the difference {X} 779: between a sofa and a hide a bed? interviewer: or a sofa and a couch 779: or a sofa and a couch I don't know if there is any difference really interviewer: would you ever use the word sofa? 779: well yes I have used the word sofa I yeah forgot about that {C: laughing} interviewer: what sort of things did you have in your bedroom to keep your clothes in? {C: mic bumps} 779: closet {NW} interviewer: what about before people had built-in closets? 779: cedar chest {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: um I don't know uh interviewer: did you ever see something that was real um maybe your grandmother woulda had a bit this it's this real big thing and it had a shelves in it and a place for hanging clothes made out of wood real kind of essentially a closet that's portable 779: Would it be called a chifforobe? interviewer: uh-huh what what did that look like 779: uh the best I can remember in my mind is just like a big ol' wooden box looking deal with doors and like you say it might have had a shelf or so up you know to put to store things interviewer: did it have a place for hanging the clothes? 779: yes mm-hmm interviewer: did you ever see um anything else like that but maybe bigger than that? 779: mm no {NW} interviewer: armoire or wardrobe? did you have any of those? 779: I've heard of wardrobe but not an armoire interviewer: what's a wardrobe like? 779: uh wardrobe now are you talking about where you put the clothes? interviewer: #1 well how are how do you use that word # 779: #2 {X} # how do I use the word wardrobe? oh well I use it when I'm referring to my clothes interviewer: uh-huh would would you ever use it to refer to the furniture? 779: no not me {C: laughing} interviewer: um what about something that you probably have nowadays that um you keep in your bedroom to to put clothes and things in something just with drawers 779: chest of drawers interviewer: okay anything else? 779: um let's see what was that {NW} did I tell you long ago about that {D: closet down} no I don't ever call it anything except a chest of drawers myself {C: laughing} interviewer: what about something that has {D: a mirror to it} 779: dresser interviewer: okay and something that you can have in windows something on rollers you can put in a window to pull down to keep out the light 779: oh uh are you talking about shades? interviewer: mm-kay and the covering on the house is called the 779: the covering you mean the outside of the house interviewer: top of the house 779: oh a roof {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay and things along the edge of the roof that carry the water off 779: gutters interviewer: are they built-in or do they hang from the roof? 779: they uh hang from the roof interviewer: what about uh did you ever see a house {X} 779: you mean where it goes up and down right here interviewer: and on the roof where it joins {X} did you ever hear a name for that? 779: mm I don't know if I did or not interviewer: what about the space between the ceiling and the roof? 779: the attic interviewer: mm-kay any other names? 779: no interviewer: did you ever have any other names for porch? 779: porch um well now for a small porch I have stoop and that's all I can think of interviewer: what about a you know it's all these old houses that you see that have porches go all the way around the house 779: yeah I don't know what they're called {C: laughing} interviewer: what about a porch off the second floor? 779: a balcony interviewer: mm-kay and did you ever hear a porch called a gallery? 779: no I don't believe interviewer: and did you ever see uh a kitchen built separate from the rest of the house? 779: no interviewer: and a little room off the kitchen where you can store canned goods and things 779: pantry interviewer: say you had a lot of old wood like things like old broken furniture that wasn't any good anymore what would you call it 779: um is it just interviewer: well anything 779: yeah junk interviewer: and what would you call a room that's used to store odds and ends in 779: uh used to store odds and ends uh interviewer: and just like if you had some stuff you didn't know what to do with but you didn't want to throw it out 779: I'd probably call it a junk room {C: laughing} interviewer: okay did y'all have a junk room in your house? 779: well the whole house was {C: laughing} no really and truly we did not have a junk room interviewer: and say if um if your house is in a big mess {X} do what to it? 779: clean it up interviewer: and you sweep it with a 779: broom interviewer: say that the broom was in the corner and the door was open so that the door's kind of hiding the broom you'd say the broom is where 779: behind the door interviewer: and if you have a two story house to get from the first floor to the second you have 779: read that again interviewer: if you have a two story house to get from the first to the second floor 779: you got a stairway interviewer: mm-kay what would you call something like that outside like from your porch to the ground? 779: steps interviewer: and years ago if on Monday when would you get all the dirty clothes together and that's the end of it 779: wash interviewer: mm-kay what about do did you ever see uh people do people do their wash in little old fashioned {X} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: how would they do that 779: well my grandmother uh used to do it in a big ol' black wash pot they would build a fire under it you know and you know get the water real hot and wash in this big black wash pot interviewer: wait this is your mother's mother? 779: my mother's mother interviewer: lived in lived with did she live with y'all or 779: no we lived with her interviewer: okay 779: when I was a child interviewer: did you ever try to do the washing that way 779: no {C: laughing} I don't remember she must have done it like that when I was just a little bitty girl because I don't remember too much about it but uh I know she did do it that way cause I've heard 'em you know say it interviewer: what about um after they they get the clothes washed and dried then it is a 779: clothes washed and dried an ironing interviewer: did you ever sit here and do that {X} 779: yes interviewer: how 779: they had these big ol' heavy heavy iron uh irons {C: laughing} and they would heat 'em on the stove and then they were run an iron while it was real hot interviewer: that seems like it would be so dangerous to me like uh if you drop it 779: yeah have you ever lifted one yourself? they're heavy interviewer: none of them have any sort of insulation or I guess 779: mm-mm interviewer: what would you do just wrap a wrap around it or 779: just put a a hot pad over the top of it now the top of it didn't really get that hot it was a w- kind of a wooden some of 'em had wooden handles and if they had an iron handle of course your hand uh you know put something over it but they were terribly terribly heavy interviewer: um nowadays you could uh send your clothes to the 779: washateria interviewer: mm-kay or what would you call a a building that {D: replaces down} where they 779: cleaners interviewer: mm-kay and talk about the what could you call washing and ironing together you'd say you had to do this 779: the laundry interviewer: did people you'd see use the word laundry? 779: uh you mean back when I was a child? uh not as much as they do now interviewer: what did they say when you were a child? 779: mostly that they just had to do the wash interviewer: mm-kay and say that you wanted to hang up a picture you'd take a nail and a 779: a nail and a hammer interviewer: mm-kay took the hammer and I what the nail in 779: hammered the nail interviewer: {D: fork} I got in my car and I what to town 779: drove? interviewer: mm-kay and you say um he has never what a car 779: driven interviewer: and you say he does know how to 779: drive interviewer: and you know some houses you have um well maybe this house has a {X} each other like this {X} 779: on the outside? this house has aluminum siding interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear another name for siding? 779: uh well what type of siding are you #1 talking about # interviewer: #2 well if # it's specifically made out of wood you know like they used to do would you ever hear it called fireboard or weatherboarding or anything like that 779: no mm-mm interviewer: and if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd ask somebody to 779: shut the door interviewer: and the building that's used to store wood {X} 779: for storing wood uh a wood shed? interviewer: what about for tools? 779: tool house interviewer: mm-kay and a long time ago before people had bathrooms inside what are they called {X} 779: john {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay any other names for this 779: um just toilet that's all I know {C: laughing} interviewer: {X} names or {X} names? {X} 779: you mean to call a toilet? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm no I can't recall right off any interviewer: okay were you ever around a farm {X} 779: uh yes I was uh in the summer mainly interviewer: mm-hmm 779: my grandmother's uh one of my grandmother's brothers had a farm interviewer: where 779: in the country in Bear Creek #1 {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 so where is that? # 779: it's up in east Texas uh if you do you know where Linden, Texas is? interviewer: I've heard of it 779: well anyway uh this is strictly out in the country you go on the Linden highway and then you turn off on a dirt road and you just keep winding through {C: laughing} woods until you come to uh to Bear Creek it's just a little you know community in the country interviewer: how many miles from Shreveport is the {X} 779: uh it's about eighty interviewer: mm-hmm did you spend every summer there or {C: mic bump} 779: no uh we usually went when I was growing up we usually went at least once during the summer sometimes twice but uh we did not spend the summer interviewer: how long would you stay there 779: uh sometimes for a week at a time some- well no we never stayed two weeks about a week is long as we ever stayed interviewer: what was the farm like? {D: like uh} was it very big or 779: uh well yes it was pretty big uh he had uh his garden across the road across the dirt road and on he had all this stuff planted watermelons cantaloupes and he had everything {C: laughing} interviewer: what did you like most out there {X} 779: uh yes they had chickens they had pigs and they had uh a few horses {D: I rode} and they had some cows but I never was wild about animals {C: laughing} not that cow that {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ride the horses or 779: no I didn't want to {C: laughing} interviewer: #1 what is what was some of the buildings they had on the farm? # TV: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 like what # TV: #2 {X} # 779: uh interviewer: where would they keep the animals around 779: well uh the animals just stayed in fences mostly way out uh down behind the house but they had a little house uh just out uh oo it was several feet from the house and they called it a smoke house interviewer: mm-hmm 779: that's where you know they used to smoke their meat and uh let me see if they had any other interviewer: what were the big what was the biggest building they had {X} 779: I guess it was the barn {NW} really he didn't really have all that many buildings {NS} just uh you know he had some little different little buildings where he he kept different things I don't know interviewer: what did um what do you call the upper part of the barn where you can throw the hay 779: the loft interviewer: huh? 779: loft interviewer: mm-kay would you ever talk about a loft of a house? 779: no interviewer: um what about the place where you store corn 779: I don't know interviewer: did you ever hear of a crib or a corn house or 779: a what? interviewer: a crib or a corn house or anything like that 779: no interviewer: what about a building for storing grain did you ever hear of that? 779: I've heard of it but I don't know what you call it {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear it called a granary or a granary? 779: no interviewer: and say if you um if you cut the hay off a piece of land and then the {X} grew back if you cut it again the same year you call that a 779: {D: an opaque root} no what interviewer: if you could sometimes you have hay growing enough to where you can cut it twice in the same year would you have a special name for that where you can cut it twice? 779: {NS} I don't #1 know {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 o- # 779: #1 {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 Okay um # a long time ago when you'd cut the hay off off some land um way back nowadays they bale hay but a long time ago they'd cut it and they'd let it dry and then rake it up in little piles did you ever get a name for the little piles that came after the hay was raked up? 779: a bale? interviewer: mm-kay what about a a heap or doodle or {D: shocker thing} {X} 779: mm-mm interviewer: what about they could take a pole and um and they took the hay and put it around the pole so it got {X} 779: haystack? {C: laughing} interviewer: have you never seen that? 779: uh yes I did interviewer: did you ever see hay kept outside any other way besides a haystack? 779: um no I can't I don't really ever interviewer: and where would the cows be kept? 779: cows? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: well they get kept in the barn {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay where would they graze? 779: out in the pasture interviewer: and did you ever hear of a sort of a makeshift fenced in place out in the pasture where you can shut the cows up? {X} 779: out in the pasture? uh no I don't think so interviewer: what about a {X} or a cow pen to {D: ever mean} that? 779: heard of a cow pen interviewer: what's a cow pen like? 779: #1 I don't know {C: laughing} # interviewer: #2 like what do you think of? # 779: a cow pen? I guess where they would just uh hem 'em in where they couldn't get out {C: laughing} interviewer: what about um the place for horses where {D: were they put down} 779: {X} um {X} interviewer: what about a place to shut them up? 779: uh I don't know I can't think of any interviewer: where would hogs be kept? 779: uh in a hog pen {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay and the fenced in place around the barn so the animals can walk around did you call that the 779: where they can walk around? interviewer: yeah just a you know the farm might have a small fenced in place that wouldn't be big enough to be called a pasture 779: yeah oh the barnyard interviewer: mm-kay and the place on a farm when they have a lot of cows and just a commercial um normally they have a lot of milk cows {C: mic bump} that'd be called a 779: a dairy interviewer: do you ever hear the word dairy used to refer to anything else besides the commercial farm {D: workings} 779: dairy let's see I don't know dairy products? interviewer: mm-kay what about um a little building out in the yard where you could store milk and butter? {X} 779: out in the yard? no #1 no # interviewer: #2 where was # um how did people keep milk or butter before they had refrigerators? 779: before they had refrigerators um I guess they just had to get a big block of ice and sit it on there interviewer: you don't remember? 779: no I remember my grandmother the first refrigerator that I can remember her having you know we lived with her uh it had no freezer compartment you know and we would the ice man would come and bring huge blocks of ice about like this you know and put it in the refrigerator and it would it would last for several days you know I don't really remember how long it would last but anyway it would keep the food cold uh let me think if I remember {X} interviewer: did y'all um when you were growing up did in the neighborhood that you lived in did anyone keep animals or you know like some places even though it was a town in town uh you were allowed to keep a cow or a horse or something or a chicken {C: informant coughs, mic bump} 779: um now my father had a chicken he had one chicken {C: laughing} interviewer: just one? 779: he made a pet out of it he could make a pet out of anything and he taught this chicken to walk the clothesline he's {NS} excuse me {X} a chicken uh yeah uh we uh we never had anything like a horse you know or anything like that we had dogs and cats {C: laughing} interviewer: did anyone in your neighborhood kept um were they allowed to keep uh big animals in your neighborhood? 779: no nothing big like a horse or something like that uh-uh interviewer: the place where a chicken could be kept 779: um interviewer: where chickens would be kept? {X} 779: a chicken pen interviewer: mm-kay what about buildings for chickens? did you ever? 779: buildings for chickens? um no I don't know anything about 'em {C: laughing} interviewer: what what would you call something that um a small thing that you can shut say a mother hen and her baby chicks up in? 779: um chicken brooder? interviewer: mm-kay what about a coop or {D: kook} or? 779: yeah chicken coop interviewer: what was that like? or what do you think that is? 779: uh well as I remember well they used to put little bitty baby chickens in 'em it was just a little wi- it was a wire little wire interviewer: mm-hmm 779: cage deal interviewer: they wouldn't put the mother in there with 'em? um 779: uh I don't uh remember seeing the mother in there they would put these little bitty chickens you know in {C: mic bump} there and put a light in there to keep 'em warm and all this interviewer: what would you call a hen on a nest of eggs? and she's waiting for 'em to hatch you know she's a 779: uh well I know what {C: laughing} she's doing is that {C: laughing} uh what would you call her {C: laughing} interviewer: well what would you say she's doing? 779: laying eggs interviewer: did you ever hear of a um called a setting hen or a 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 brooder # 779: yeah setting hen interviewer: mm-hmm if you wanted to make a {C: informant coughs} a hen start laying what could you put in the nest to fool it? 779: a plastic egg? I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: what if it was made out of uh what what would is that made out of? that's 779: glass? interviewer: or another name for that 779: china? interviewer: what would you call an egg made out of that? it wouldn't be a plastic egg it'd be a 779: glass egg or a china egg? interviewer: okay did you ever hear of a china egg? 779: no interviewer: and when you're eating chicken um there's a bone like this 779: pulley bone? interviewer: mm-kay any stories about that? 779: yes {C: laughing} uh let me see now if you break the pulley bone the one that gets the shortest interviewer: uh-huh 779: piece I believe is supposed to get married first interviewer: does that have any truth to it? 779: no {C: laughing} {C: laughing} interviewer: and did you ever hear a name for the short piece or the long piece when you break it? 779: no interviewer: and where would people um keep potatoes and turnips during the winter? 779: you mean people out in the country now? are we back in the country? uh keep potatoes or turnips? interviewer: uh-huh 779: uh a potato bin? mm interviewer: did y'all did people in your neighborhood um have gardens and things or? 779: uh yeah some of 'em interviewer: did y'all ever do that? 779: uh I believe my daddy made a garden one time interviewer: but he didn't usually? 779: no not all the time he didn't interviewer: um what different um well when when you wanna break up the land for planting you break it up with a 779: nowadays they use a tiller interviewer: mm-kay what about a long time ago? 779: a plow interviewer: did you ever hear of different kinds of plow? made for different {X} 779: um mm-mm no interviewer: what about something after you plow you wanna break up the ground finer than that kinda smooth it what what c- could you use? 779: a hoe? interviewer: mm-kay anything #1 else? # 779: #2 {NW} # 779: a shovel? interviewer: what about something that um did you ever hear of a screen tooth? or did you ever hear of a hair or car 779: no interviewer: and do you know anything about raising cotton? 779: no interviewer: do they do that in this part of the country? 779: yes they do you know out on the highways you see it all over the place but I know nothing about it {C: laughing} interviewer: when you you gotta go out with the hoe and kinda thin the cotton out did you ever hear an expression for what you're doing what would you think he's doing there 779: he's thinning it out? uh mm-mm interviewer: #1 what about chopping # 779: #2 I don't know # interviewer: or scraping the cotton? did you ever hear that? 779: probably chopping I don't think they scrape it interviewer: uh-huh what is chopping cotton? or is that something you heard of? 779: I've just heard of it I don't really know maybe they just uh take a hoe and chop it {C: laughing} interviewer: what uh you'd say cotton grows out in the 779: um interviewer: well a big area that's planted you call that a 779: cotton field interviewer: mm-kay what kind of grass grows up in the cotton field? 779: mm what kind of grass like weeds? interviewer: but what different kinds of weeds #1 would you you know # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 {X} # 779: #2 grow # let me see different kinds of weeds I don't know interviewer: say if you had something planted it it wasn't big enough to be called a field what might you call it's just a small area like potatoes or something 779: uh a plot of ground? interviewer: mm-kay and what dif- -ferent kinds of {C: informant coughs or something} fences did people have? 779: uh well they had wooden fences and they had uh barbed wire fences and uh nowadays a lot of them have cyclone fences interviewer: what's a cyclone fence? 779: it's like we've got out there interviewer: is that it's wire or 779: it's wire it's heavy wire real strong interviewer: is there another {C: mic bumps} {D: lick aqueduct} {C: mic bumps} 779: {X} um uh I can't think of it if there is uh interviewer: is that the one that like {C: informant coughs} this 779: yeah mm-hmm #1 it gets sharp huh # interviewer: #2 what about chain link? # 779: chain link fence yeah yeah you can call it some people do call it chain link fence interviewer: but the it's cyclone fence around here? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what about um if you wanted to {C: informant coughs} to set up a a fence you'd have to dig holes for the 779: uh you'd have to dig holes for the uh oh {C: laughing} what do you call 'em? {C: laughing} for the uh {C: laughing} things that hold the fence up {C: laughing} oh dear the poles {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} um what what about a kind of a fence that's made out of wood and they people would have it around their yard and maybe it'd be pointed at the top? it's kind of old fashioned now 779: uh made out of wood? interviewer: uh-huh it has little slats of wood and 779: red wood? interviewer: well no a long a long time ago um they well kinda pointed at the top like that except thinner 779: uh they were white weren't #1 they {C: mic bump} # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: yeah I don't know what you call 'em interviewer: did you ever hear picket fence #1 or? # 779: #2 picket # yes interviewer: huh? 779: yes uh-huh that is a picket fence #1 {D: right there} # interviewer: #2 any other name? # 779: uh no interviewer: what about paling fence or slat fence? 779: never heard of that I've heard of picket interviewer: what about a kind of a fence that would go like this old fashioned made out of wood and going out like that 779: mm you know twine is all I can think of {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a rail fence or Virginia fence or? 779: no mm-mm interviewer: and what is {X} wall made out of loose stone or rock would be called a 779: loose stone or rock just a stone wall or a rock wall interviewer: mm-kay do they have those around here? 779: mm no {C: laughing} interviewer: and going back to the thing a minute ago when you're setting up a fence um you first of all put down the corner what you gonna nail the {X} to say barbed wire 779: the the pole? th- interviewer: or what's another name for pole? 779: um hmm {X} I can't think right now {C: laughing} it does not come to me interviewer: what's what would you dig the holes with? 779: shovel interviewer: {X} did you ever see a 779: um yeah uh {NS} it's got a shovel on each side right? interviewer: yeah 779: a post hole digger interviewer: mm-kay so you dig holes for the 779: for the post interviewer: mm-kay um something you'd carry water in would be a 779: pail? interviewer: mm-kay what's that made out of? 779: uh well they can be made out of tin plastic interviewer: did you ever see something like that made out of say cedar? 779: cedar? no I don't believe interviewer: um what would you carry food to the hogs in? 779: slop bucket? {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay what's the difference between a bucket and a pail? 779: uh a pail has a little spout on it and a bucket does not interviewer: {D: my} a pitcher does to pour you things? 779: mm-hmm sort of like that interviewer: and you could fry eggs in would be a 779: skillet? interviewer: any other names for that? 779: um frying pan interviewer: is there any difference? 779: not that I know of {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever see something um similar to that with little eggs on it that you could put in the fireplace? {X} 779: similar to a skillet? interviewer: uh-huh 779: mm-mm mm interviewer: did you ever hear of something called a spider? 779: no interviewer: and something you could heat the water to {C: informant coughs} make hot tea in would be called a 779: what do you make hot tea in um tea kettle interviewer: did you ever hear of a washcloth reused for clothes called a kettle? 779: yeah interviewer: mm-kay and if you cut some flowers and wanted to keep 'em in the house you could put 'em in a 779: vase interviewer: what would you plant 'em in? 779: what would you plant 'em in? interviewer: mm-hmm to grow 'em in the house 779: oh you mean to plant 'em in for growing them in the house? interviewer: would you call that {C: informant coughs} a vase too or? 779: uh no you'd call it a planter {C: laughing} interviewer: and you were setting the table next to each plate for the person eating it you'd give everybody their 779: now what? interviewer: well like this is called a 779: spoon interviewer: and what else is it 779: knife fork interviewer: mm-kay and you serve steak and it wasn't very tender you might have to put out steak 779: knives interviewer: and the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to go 779: wash the dishes interviewer: and after she washes the dishes to get the suds off she 779: rinses interviewer: and the cloth or rag you use when you're washing? 779: dishrag interviewer: and when you dry them? 779: cook towel interviewer: the thing you use to bathe your face with 779: a washrag interviewer: and to dry yourself 779: towel interviewer: and you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a 779: funnel interviewer: and if you were driving horses and wanted 'em to go faster you'd hit 'em with a 779: uh the reins? interviewer: mm-kay or a 779: whip? interviewer: and nowadays if your lamp wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new 779: light bulb interviewer: and to carry clothes out to hang them on the line you'd carry 'em out in a clothes 779: basket interviewer: and something that they'll make out of uh sugar cane around here 779: something they make out of sugar #1 cane? # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: mm interviewer: 'til it's sticky 779: sugar or honey? interviewer: or like you well what would you put on pancakes? 779: syrup interviewer: mm-kay 779: yeah interviewer: any other names for syrup? 779: molasses {C: Laughs} interviewer: what's the difference? 779: uh I don't know if there is any {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call that? 779: I'd call it syrup interviewer: and did you ever hear of syrup or molasses called long sweetening and short sweetening? 779: mm-mm interviewer: say if you wanted to buy some in the store what would it come in? 779: a glass bottle or it comes in a tin can also if you buy {C: laughing} a big quantity of it interviewer: did you ever hear um a container referred to as a stand? 779: no interviewer: and something that um flour used to come in? 779: used to come in? interviewer: uh-huh {D: fifties gone} flour 779: you talking about a flour bin? isn't isn't that what you put it in? interviewer: what about the big wooden thing? a long time ago 779: #1 maybe flour barrel? # interviewer: #2 you don't see that anymore # mm-kay did you ever see 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: I don't guess they make barrels like that anymore 779: I've never seen one interviewer: I don't think I have either 779: my moth- my grandmother used to put flour in a oh a great big ol' funny looking thing that she would pull out of this ol' uh well it was kind of a thing with uh oh what am I trying to say cabinets in it and I forgot what she would call that thing she's still got that but she doesn't use it for flour but she would dump a whole gob of flour in there and she would she would just pull it out and unscrew a little thingy and get the flour interviewer: she'd have a she'd unscrew something? she had it like in a jar there or what? 779: well it was in poured into a big glass container interviewer: uh-huh 779: and it had a big wide mouth thing right here I don't know what it was called because of the way she gave her flour #1 she doesn't use that anymore # interviewer: #2 I guess it kept it pretty tight # 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {D: like covered} # 779: she did it kept it a long time you know but uh she doesn't need she doesn't I don't know if she even uses that thing but she does use this cabinet thing and it's got a you know a thing like a drainboard made onto it I don't know what you'd call the thing this old-timey piece of furniture interviewer: you know with the the barrel the thing that runs around to hold the wood in place you know it's made of metal you'd call those the 779: band? interviewer: mm-kay any other name for that? 779: mm-mm interviewer: what about something that um well I it can't be {X} what kind of toy that kids would play with {X} 779: #1 a big plastic ring # interviewer: #2 and they call 'em # {D: schoolers} 779: hula hoops? interviewer: did you ever hear referred to the hoops on the barrel? 779: no uh-uh {C: laughing} interviewer: did y'all play with hula hoops? 779: uh no I didn't when I was a child I don't think they even had 'em my children have played with 'em interviewer: I would I just think {X} 779: I couldn't do it now I've tried it when my children would play with 'em and I never could do it alright my kids can {C: laughing} interviewer: what about um something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in? 779: smaller than a barrel? um a keg? interviewer: mm-kay did you ever see a a water barrel or a beer keg? #1 you know the # 779: #2 uh # yeah I guess I did #1 {D: are you} # interviewer: #2 what do you call the # thing that you could turn to get the liquid out? 779: uh I know what you're talking about because a water cooler has {C: laughing} one {C: laughing} uh the faucet? interviewer: okay what would you call the thing out in your yard that you hook your hose up to? 779: hydrant? interviewer: and at the kitchen sink? 779: the faucet interviewer: and if you were taking um corn to the mill to be ground have you done that a lot? 779: yeah {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call the amount that you could take at one time? 779: the amount of corn you could take to the mill uh uh so many ears of corn? Is that what you mean? interviewer: well did you ever hear an expression a turn of corn? 779: mm-mm interviewer: {X} did you ever hear that used {X} {X} 779: a turn? mm no #1 can't say that I did # interviewer: #2 what if you # if you went out and got as much wood as you could carry in both your arms you'd say you had a 779: an armful of wood {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} and on a wagon it didn't have a full load of wood you'd say he just had a 779: partial load? interviewer: did you ever hear people talk about a jag of wood? 779: a jag? interviewer: uh-huh 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and if a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you'd say he was doing what? 779: he's got a load of wood in his wagon? interviewer: uh-huh 779: hmm interviewer: he was would you ever say #1 he # 779: #2 um # interviewer: he's hauling or drawing or carting the wood? 779: mm I'd say he's hauling the wood interviewer: mm-kay and there was a log across the road and say we tied a chain to it and then we 779: pulled it interviewer: or using another word we 779: uh drug it? interviewer: mm-kay you'd say we have what many logs out of the way 779: we have drug many logs out of the way {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} and you say you have to #1 tie the chain # 779: #2 I # interviewer: around it in order to 779: maybe that would be dragged interviewer: {D: what was left what was your following train} 779: I would say dragged interviewer: okay we say we have to tie a chain around it in order to do what 779: to drag it interviewer: and if you wanted to chop a log you might have an X shaped frame like this and you could set the log in and to chop it do you know what I mean? 779: mm-mm interviewer: well like I think it would look something like this here be X shaped maybe and you set the log here 779: oh um to chop it? what and you mean what do you call those things interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 779: #2 fit between # uh I don't know interviewer: what about uh something that's more more common on probably on the one {X} an A shape right? like that and carpenters use it a lot 779: carpenters use oh you're talking about uh a wooden horse? interviewer: mm-kay and something you put in a pistol would be called a 779: bullet? interviewer: or another name for that? 779: uh ammunition? interviewer: or you know these kinds of um ink pens that well they're not too popular anymore but 779: oh a cartridge interviewer: mm-kay and nowadays if you got something at the store the grocer would put it in a 779: sack interviewer: made out of 779: paper interviewer: then something {C: informant coughs} that um flour would come in say twenty-four pounds of it would come in it 779: uh flour sack interviewer: made out of 779: uh well we call- no that's not what we call croker sacks uh do you mean the kind of material? interviewer: yeah would it be cloth or? 779: #1 oh yeah cloth # interviewer: #2 whatever # uh-huh 779: cloth interviewer: any other name for croker sacks? 779: uh let's see croker sacks um hmm you told me that last night didn't you? interviewer: what #1 did you ever hear # 779: #2 {D: I can't} # interviewer: I told you I called this gunny sack #1 did you ever hear it called that? # 779: #2 yeah no uh # I never called it that interviewer: what would come in a croker sack? 779: what would come in a croker sack well all kinds of different things uh I let me see not being around a farm a lot really I don't know but I know they do have different things in 'em uh interviewer: did you ever see potato shoots in 'em? 779: yes yes potatoes interviewer: uh-huh 779: and corn I guess and uh actually and onions interviewer: mm-hmm would you buy 'em at the store for those? 779: #1 no that's # interviewer: #2 croker sacks # 779: not the way I buy 'em interviewer: um say if you opened a bottle and wanted to close it back up you could stick in a 779: #1 to # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 close it back up? # interviewer: #2 {X} # they don't use it anymore but they used to have something you could stick down in there you'd call it a 779: #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 what # 779: know what you mean interviewer: well what's in a wine bottle? 779: a cork? interviewer: mm-hmm would you call something um would you still call it a cork if it's made out of glass like some old medicine bottles used to have or? 779: uh no I don't think so um stick it in the bottle huh? interviewer: well you know like um they have the only place I see 'em nowadays um you know these oil and vinegar things like you use for salad dressing 779: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 and they have the # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: little glass deal uh pharmacies #1 use 'em # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I don't know what you call 'em interviewer: mm-kay but you would call that a cork? 779: no wouldn't call it a cork interviewer: #1 and a musical instrument # 779: #2 call it a # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: huh? 779: I'd call it a lid interviewer: a musical instrument that um you'd blow on like this 779: a flute interviewer: wait no it's only about this long 779: oh a harmonica? interviewer: any other name for that? 779: uh French harp interviewer: mm-kay what about something you do like this? kind of a country thing 779: oh #1 uh # interviewer: #2 you'd put # it in your hold it between your teeth and sort of 779: oh um oh dear what {C: tapping} do you call those things I know I've seen 'em {C: mic bump} interviewer: did you ever hear that called a harp too some kind of harp? 779: yeah I think yeah a small little small deal like a like a big harp interviewer: did you ever hear Jew's harp or 779: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 juice harp # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: juice juice harp {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: it's what I've heard 'em called interviewer: and did you ever see um ever been around wagons or buggies or anything? 779: uh very very little not very much interviewer: if you had a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses you'd call that the 779: you're not talking about the tongue of the wagon now? interviewer: mm-kay and you have a a horse and a buggy then then you don't have a tongue with the buggy you'd have back the horses between the 779: a horse and a buggy interviewer: yeah you'd have a um these small wooden things that come on either side of the horse 779: yeah interviewer: did you ever hear a name for them? 779: no I've seen 'em but I don't know the name for 'em interviewer: and when you have a horse hitched to a wagon the bar of wood that the {D: trace is backing onto} do you know what I mean? 779: #1 yeah I know what you mean # interviewer: #2 you'd have a # looks like um {D: seven years of Y over here} {D: and then you have the stage over here} {X} {D: with one horse it's just over here} and it's got something here and it it {X} 779: mm that's not what you call a bit interviewer: did you ever hear of singletree or swingletree? 779: hmm-mm interviewer: what about doubletree or? 779: hmm-mm interviewer: and the wagon wheels the thing that runs across and connects one wheel to the other is called a 779: connects one wheel to the other? you're not talking about the spokes in the wheel? {NS} #1 excuse me back that way # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: I need to get ready {C: foot noise} interviewer: did you your youngest one how old is she? 779: six I've got one six and one seven one thirteen one sixteen let me unplug this interviewer: okay did she just start to school {C: foot noises} the six year old or is she? 779: she's in kindergarten she was six in January and she'll start in the first grade now what interviewer: this well you have this on a on a car too just the long {X} the piece that connects one wheel to the other 779: #1 oh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: axle? interviewer: uh-huh 779: yeah interviewer: and on a wagon wheel you had the hub and the spokes come out and they fit into the 779: on a wagon wheel? interviewer: uh-huh 779: the spokes interviewer: well like the wheel like that there's the hub and the spokes come out and what do you call the wooden piece that they fit in? 779: uh that's what I call the wheel interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} you know some sometimes it has metal #1 bands around it # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: did you ever hear a special name for that? 779: mm-mm {NS} interviewer: and {NS} you straighten your hair do you use a comb and a {NS} 779: brush interviewer: do you already use that? you say you're going to {NS} 779: brush my hair? {C: ringing noise at loudest} {NS} interviewer: and {NS} you'd sharpen a straight razor using a leather 779: strap interviewer: did you remember seeing those? 779: yes my grandfather used to use 'em interviewer: seems like {C: mic bump} {X} 779: cut? {C: laughing} yeah I don't know how they used 'em but I I used to watch him sharpen his razors on those things and he'd just you know boy he could go fast how I'd have been afraid to myself interviewer: what would you sharpen {C: mic bump} a small knife on? 779: uh well I use my electric knife sharpener interviewer: well back when more people had those so something you can ho- it'd be small enough to where you could hold it in your hand and sharpen a #1 knife on it # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I know what you're talking about it's it's real real rough like uh rougher than sandpaper {C: laughing} oh what do you call those things uh some little block of something interviewer: #1 did you ever hear of a whet block or a whetstone? # 779: #2 can't think of it # yes #1 whetstone's # interviewer: #2 what did you uh-huh # 779: what I've heard of interviewer: #1 what would you sharpen # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: a big tool like an ax on? turn around and around on it 779: hmm I don't know I never saw one sharpened interviewer: and something um say something was squeaking and you had to lubricate it you'd say you had to 779: oil it interviewer: or 779: or lubricate it interviewer: or if you put that hard stuff on it 779: hard stuff? interviewer: what you'd have to do is so your car you have to 779: hard stuff oil it? interviewer: or what do you have to do to a pan before so that food won't stick in it 779: grease it interviewer: and you say yesterday he he did that to his #1 car yesterday # 779: #2 greased # the car interviewer: huh 779: greased the car? interviewer: and grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 779: greasy interviewer: and something that children play on you take a board and it goes up and down like this 779: seesaw interviewer: if you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were 779: seesawing interviewer: did you ever hear another name for seesaw? #1 did you ever hear it called anything else? # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # no interviewer: what about something that {X} and fix it down at both ends and children would jump up and down in the middle of it kinda like a trampoline 779: a board {X} interviewer: joggling board 779: mm-mm interviewer: and you could make a {X} I put it down and it'd spin around and around sorta like a a homemade merry go round 779: flying genie? interviewer: mm-kay did you have those? 779: no {C: laughing} I've seen 'em and I've played on 'em but I didn't have one interviewer: and you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a 779: swing interviewer: and what could you carry coal in? 779: carry coal in? interviewer: uh-huh 779: mm I don't know interviewer: did you ever see those old fashioned stoves? 779: yes interviewer: what would run from the stove to the chimney? 779: from the stove to the chimney you're talking about a flue? interviewer: mm-kay #1 what kind of a # 779: #2 um # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: part that was just is that the flue or? 779: uh well that's what I would call the flue {C: laughing} I believe {C: laughing} interviewer: and something you'd move bricks or something heavy in it has a wheel in the front 779: wheelbarrow? a wheelbarrow interviewer: any other names for that? 779: uh let's see here hmm I have no other names for it interviewer: did you ever hear it called a Georgia buggy? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and something that um people drive nowadays you'd call a 779: car? interviewer: any other names for car? 779: automobile interviewer: and inside the tire of the car they used to have the inner 779: inner tube interviewer: and if you just built a boat and were gonna put it in the water you'd say you were going to what the boat 779: uh not christen no interviewer: but when you set it in the water you say you 779: um oh launch it? interviewer: mm-kay what different kinds of boats do people have around here? 779: uh around here it's mostly fishing boats and we'll some often have ski boats interviewer: what's what different kinds of fishing boats are there? 779: oh gosh don't ask me {C: laughing} uh interviewer: or what what just wooden boats what would what different kinds of just wooden boats? 779: different kinds of wooden boats um well now I'm sure around here not now they don't have uh canoes they don't have them uh I really don't know just plain ol' wooden fishing boats {C: laughing} interviewer: K is it pointed or flat at the end or what? 779: well one end is pointed and at the other end it's straight across interviewer: mm-hmm and do you something people used to burn in lamps 779: {D: Koehler} interviewer: any other name 779: uh mm wait a minute {D: Koehler} um oh I think I know but I can't think of it interviewer: did you ever see anybody make a lamp using a rack in the bottom used coal 779: mm-mm interviewer: did you ever hear of a flambeau? 779: mm-mm {C: laughing} interviewer: and if a child was just learning to dress without the mother {D: going to the clothes and says} here 779: dress yourself interviewer: or she hasn't because she's just not here 779: get dressed interviewer: here what your clothes here 779: put on your clothes interviewer: would you say here is your clothes or here are your clothes or how would you say that? 779: I would say here are your clothes interviewer: and if a child was gonna go to the dentist and he was scared the dentist might say well you don't need to be scared I what gonna hurt you 779: am not interviewer: would you ever use the word ain't? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: do you ever hear that around here? 779: yes interviewer: how would you hear it used? 779: how would I hear the word ain't used? well uh for instance my children {C: laughing} uh they they tell each other I they say I ain't gonna do it {C: laughing} interviewer: and you'd say um if I asked you was that you I saw in town yesterday you might say no it 779: it wasn't I? interviewer: and if a woman wants to buy a dress for a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a 779: sample interviewer: and she sees a dress she likes a lot she'd say the dress is very 779: pretty? interviewer: and a child might say um Suzie's dress is pretty but mine is even 779: prettier interviewer: and something you'd wear over your dress in the kitchen 779: an apron interviewer: and to sign your name in ink you'd use a 779: pen interviewer: and to hold a baby's diaper 779: to hold a baby's #1 diaper # interviewer: #2 diaper # in place you'd use a 779: safety pin interviewer: and a dime is worth 779: ten cents interviewer: and what would a man wear to church on Sunday? 779: a suit interviewer: and if he just bought it it'd be a brand 779: a brand new suit {C: laughs} interviewer: what were the parts of a three piece suit? 779: what are the parts? the pants the coat and the vest interviewer: any other name for pants? 779: trousers? interviewer: what about something that um men used to wear if they were working out around the barn or something and they'd come up 779: uh farmer's pants? {C: laughing} uh you're talking about those little blue jean #1 things? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh I don't know they're farmer's pants {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: uh that's what I would call 'em interviewer: say if you went outside without your coat and you were getting cold and you wanted it you'd ask someone would you run inside and 779: get my coat interviewer: and what it {X} 779: bring interviewer: and you'd say so he went in and he 779: got my coat interviewer: and 779: brought it to me interviewer: and you'd say here I have what you your coat? 779: here I what? interviewer: I have {C: mic bump} what you your coat 779: brought interviewer: and you'd say that coat won't fit this year but last year it 779: it won't fit this year but last year it interviewer: it what perfectly 779: it fit interviewer: and if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them 779: bulge? interviewer: and you'd say that shirt used to fit me but then I washed it and it 779: shrunk interviewer: and every shirt I've washed recently has 779: shrunk interviewer: and I hope this shirt doesn't 779: shrink interviewer: and if a woman likes to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to 779: dress well? {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay what if she likes to stand in front of the mirror and 779: primp {C: laughing} interviewer: would you {C: informant laughing} say that about a man? 779: some men I would {C: laughing} interviewer: how does it sound? 779: like a sissy interviewer: what would you call a man who likes to primp a lot? who's real conscious of his real vain 779: uh conceited? interviewer: did you ever hear him called a jelly bean? 779: no? uh-uh interviewer: something that you could carry money in would be called a 779: a wallet interviewer: or what else 779: purse interviewer: and something a woman would wear around her neck 779: a necklace interviewer: what are the things strung up together? would be 779: beads interviewer: you'd call that a what of beads 779: you mean a lot of beads? #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 would you call it a string or a # pair of beads 779: I'd call it a string of beads or a pair of beads {C: mic bumps} interviewer: even worn? 779: yeah interviewer: what about something you'd wear around your wrist? 779: bracelet interviewer: and something men used to wear to hold their pants up? 779: suspenders interviewer: any other name for 779: #1 galluses # interviewer: #2 that? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: galluses interviewer: which would you call 'em? 779: suspenders interviewer: and what'd you hold over you when it rains? 779: umbrella interviewer: and the {C: informant coughs} last thing you put on a bed with fancy covers is called a 779: the b- the last thing? interviewer: yeah 779: bedspread interviewer: did you ever hear of um people making bedspreads themselves? 779: #1 uh yes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: yes uh-huh interviewer: were there special names for them? 779: uh mm I don't know I can't think interviewer: did you ever hear of {X} coverlet or 779: coverlet I've heard of coverlet not the other interviewer: what's a coverlet? {C: informant laughing} 779: what is a coverlet? um well to me it's a quilt interviewer: a special kind of quilt or just? 779: no just a quilt interviewer: what about at the head of the bed you put your head on a 779: pillow interviewer: do you remember anything about twice as long as the pillow? 779: do I remember anything about it? no {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a bolster? 779: no interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a lot of company and didn't have enough beds for everybody for the children to sleep on 779: #1 pallets # interviewer: #2 you could # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # how would you do that? 779: uh well you would just either get a lot of uh quilts and blankets and and uh put 'em down on the floor or if you happen to have a a mattress an extra mattress you just put it on the floor {C: laughing} interviewer: do people still make quilts around here? 779: yes mm-hmm interviewer: did you ever make 'em? 779: no because I can't {C: laughing} I've tried once {C: laughing} I can't make quilts interviewer: who makes 'em around here? 779: uh my grandmother has a sister in law that makes quilts well in fact she has two sister in laws that make quilts interviewer: to sell or just for 779: uh they sell some of 'em well in fact they sell most of 'em you know interviewer: are any younger people learning how to do that? 779: #1 uh yes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: there uh I don't think it's you know a real big thing but there are some that are that are wanting to learn to interviewer: talk about um {X} a lot of raised a lot of corn you'd say this year we had a good 779: corn crop interviewer: and you'd say we expect to get a good crop from that field because the soil is very 779: rich interviewer: what's another word for rich? 779: uh um oh no but I can't think um #1 oh rich # interviewer: #2 well if the soil # is rich what might be {X} 779: fertilizer interviewer: mm-kay and if you don't need to add that you'd say the soil is already very 779: you know you know {X} the soil is already very um fertile {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laughing} what different kinds of land are there? 779: you mean like flat hilly? interviewer: mm-kay 779: um mountainous interviewer: what would you call land next to a river? it's kinda flat 779: mm next to a river but flat? um flat land interviewer: did you ever hear it called lowland or bottoms or 779: yeah both of those interviewer: which would you call it? 779: I'd probably call it lowland interviewer: mm-kay and a field that might be real good for raising hay but not much else you'd call that a hay 779: for raising hay? interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 a # hay field? interviewer: what about meadow or prairie? did you ever hear those? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: which? 779: you mean for raising hay? interviewer: well how how have you heard those words used? 779: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: well I've just heard you know say uh people would say uh out on the prairie {C: laughing} interviewer: uh-huh {C: informant laughing} are there prairies around here? 779: I don't think so interviewer: what about meadow? 779: uh well that was just kinda like a uh kinda like a little dell #1 you know # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I've always kind of associated a meadow with a brook you know #1 streams {C: mic bump} # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # as sort of a romantic #1 kind of thing? # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: what would you call land that's got water standing on it most of the time? 779: uh marshes? interviewer: mm-hmm would that be saltwater or freshwater? or would it make any difference? 779: uh I don't know if it would make any difference uh I'd think it'd be freshwater interviewer: what about a real overgrown area that's kind of wet 779: uh brushy interviewer: mm-hmm is there another name for marsh? #1 or something similar to that? # 779: #2 marshes # Everglades? is that what you're interviewer: uh-huh what about swamp? 779: swamp {C: laughing} yeah {C: laughing} interviewer: what's the difference between a marsh and a swamp? 779: mm well to me uh a swamp would be worse than a marsh {C: laughing} a marsh would to me would just be kinda uh you know well the maybe the water's kinda standing and and muddy like and a swamp would really be a swamp interviewer: would 779: #1 it would # interviewer: #2 the # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # marsh have trees in it or? 779: well yeah it could have some trees but a swamp to me would be uh just a real swampy place you know with a maybe uh a place you know a pretty big place with water where the water was kinda deep and had snakes and stuff like that in it {C: laughing} interviewer: there's um {C: informant coughs} if you wanted to get the water off a swamp or marsh what would you say you had to do? 779: drain the water? interviewer: uh-huh what would you dig to get the water off? 779: what would you dig? uh interviewer: #1 or you # 779: #2 just # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # oh a trench? interviewer: uh-huh 779: #1 to drain it # interviewer: #2 what # what would you call something like a trench only it's it's bigger? 779: a ditch? interviewer: uh-huh anything else? 779: uh a ditch uh I can't think mm-mm interviewer: and what different kinds of of soil are there? {C: mic bump} 779: you mean like you know like fertile soil and interviewer: what kinds of soil do you have right around here? 779: not very fertile {C: laughing} uh really I don't know interviewer: probably like sand or 779: uh well we do have sand we have sand and um and we have uh soil you know that's you know heavier interviewer: what do you call that real sticky kind? 779: the real stick- mud interviewer: {X} of gumbo or buckshot? 779: no interviewer: what about what would you call a real rich soil that's good for planting? 779: fertile? interviewer: what about loam or loamy? did you ever hear that? 779: never heard of it interviewer: and say if you had a heavy rain and water {C: informant coughs} cut out a little area washed some of the land away you'd call that a 779: erosion interviewer: or what it cut would be a little 779: trench? interviewer: mm-kay what if it's real big? it washed a lot of water land away something real deep in there 779: um a ditch? {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever hear of a ravine or 779: oh yes yeah a ravine uh-huh interviewer: what's a ravine? {C: mic bump} 779: uh well to me it's just a it's just a real deep uh place in the earth you know interviewer: what about a gully? #1 did you ever hear that? # 779: #2 yeah # gully have I heard of a gully {C: laughing} interviewer: what 779: what would I call it? I'd probably call it a gully {C: laughing} interviewer: is that the same as a ravine? 779: well I always think of a ravine as being deeper than a gully really interviewer: what would you call the things along the edge of the road to carry water off? 779: oh uh a manhole? interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a um some water flowing along you'd call that a little 779: stream interviewer: mm-kay what else besides a stream? 779: um interviewer: what if it's fairly big? 779: uh it's uh {X} uh I really can't think mm a river {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay 779: a river of water interviewer: if it's smaller than a river what would it be? 779: uh a lake? interviewer: mm-kay where would people go fishing around here? 779: uh you mean you want the names of the lakes or? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: you want the names of the lakes uh Cross Lake um Toledo Bend Dam um uh Caddo Lake? um well there's another one right now that starts with a B but I can't think of it interviewer: what flows into the lakes? 779: what flows into 'em? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: streams? is that what you mean? streams? interviewer: what about a creek or crick 779: creek a creek not a crick interviewer: how does crick sound to you? 779: funny {C: laughing} interviewer: what are the names of some of them? creeks around here 779: creeks uh I don't know interviewer: what about a bayou or bayou 779: yeah #1 ba- bayou # interviewer: #2 what # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: or a bayou interviewer: what are the names of some of them around here? 779: well goodness I don't really know {C: laughing} interviewer: what's the difference between a bayou and a creek? 779: uh I don't know that there is a difference really they're just a little stream you know and a small place of water interviewer: and uh say if you had some a stream that's flowing on and it dropped off and went on over several feet you'd call that a 779: waterfall interviewer: is there a place where boats stop and where freight's unloaded it's called a 779: dock interviewer: and a small rise in land would be called a 779: hill interviewer: any other names for hill? 779: mm uh I can't think of another name for a hill of course there's mountains interviewer: uh-huh to open a door you'd take hold of the door 779: knob interviewer: did you ever use the word knob talking about land? 779: no interviewer: and the rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp is called a 779: #1 the rocky side of the mountain? # interviewer: #2 yeah that # goes over 779: #1 cliff? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # mm-kay talking about several of those you'd talk about several 779: you mean several cliffs? interviewer: mm-kay and up in the mountains {D: well not not now} still up in the mountains a low place between the mountains would be a 779: a low place between the mountains a ravine? interviewer: mm-kay and gunfighters on television for every man that they'd kill they'd cut a little in their gun 779: notch interviewer: and what different kinds of roads are there around here? 779: uh well there's blacktop there's dirt roads there's paved roads interviewer: what's the blacktop made out of? 779: asphalt interviewer: is there another name for that? 779: asphalt? #1 mm-mm mm-mm # interviewer: #2 what's the real sticky # black stuff? 779: talking about oil? interviewer: or from a pine tree 779: oh rosin? interviewer: uh-huh what about tar? 779: tar {C: laughing} yeah well uh yeah we have tar roads that's that's what I was calling dirt roads there's tar roads interviewer: what's the difference? the dirt roads and tar roads are the same? 779: well they are to me around here because like these dirt roads I'm sure you've been on some of 'em when they when they grate 'em up in the summer well then they after they grate 'em up several times and then the they go around with this black black tar and it's the final thing that they do to 'em interviewer: does that surface last longer? 779: not very long no they get big old holes in 'em after a while they're terrible interviewer: what about the little rocks they put on those? that's called you know what I mean? 779: the little rocks? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: you mean like I have out there in my driveway? interviewer: mm-kay 779: um gravel? interviewer: uh-huh what do you call the roads that are they're paved and they're white on the top they don't do it much anymore 779: paved and white on the top um interviewer: well the the thing along the edge of a road that people walk on would be a 779: shoulder interviewer: or of a street in town 779: oh a sidewalk? interviewer: and the roads that are are made out of the same material as sidewalks 779: uh paved interviewer: mm-kay 779: paved roads interviewer: what do you call the strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? 779: between the sidewalk and the street? interviewer: you know what I mean? 779: yeah I know what you mean do you mean what I call it or? uh I just call it a strip of grass interviewer: um what would you call a road that out in the country that a road that turns off the main road? 779: a side road? interviewer: and a road that leads up to a person's house? 779: a driveway? interviewer: uh-huh what if there's um out in the country say a a road that goes between {X} um it goes they have trees on both sides? do you have a special name for that? 779: {X} trees on both sides mm mm-mm interviewer: did you ever hear of a lane? 779: yeah interviewer: what do you think about it? 779: uh just a little road {C: laughing} interviewer: you'd just call that a 779: I'd call it a lane I guess or a road interviewer: there wouldn't have to have anything on each side? to be a lane? 779: not necessarily interviewer: say if you were walking along a road and an animal jumped out and scared you you'd say I picked up a something hard I picked up a 779: you mean {D: teeth in} uh something hard? interviewer: yeah I'd pick up a 779: rock? interviewer: and I did what? 779: threw it at the animal interviewer: anything else you'd say besides threw it? 779: well what do you mean like throw? interviewer: well do you ever say chunked it or pitched it or #1 anything like that? # 779: #2 no # I don't interviewer: and if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered you'd say well I guess he's not 779: at home interviewer: and and if someone that comes to the um to see you and your husband {D: mad about the yard} you might say well he's what in the kitchen he's 779: busy interviewer: #1 mm-kay and where? # 779: #2 he is # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # busy in the kitchen interviewer: and if someone's walking in your direction you'd say he's coming straight what me 779: at me interviewer: or he's not walking away from you he's walking 779: straight to me interviewer: what's another way of {X} would you ever say toward you toward 779: yeah towards me interviewer: mm-kay you went into to to town and happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to run 779: run into interviewer: and the child's given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the child 779: after her mother interviewer: and something that people drink for breakfast would be 779: coffee interviewer: and what kind of pudding um well thanksgiving what is a {X} you'd say I have to go 779: perk the coffee interviewer: and talk about putting milk in your coffee you'd say some people like it how 779: with cream? interviewer: we're talking about milk some people like it 779: mm I don't know what you #1 mean # interviewer: #2 well instead of # that cream they some people #1 like it # 779: #2 with milk # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: and other people like it 779: with cream? interviewer: and if you don't put milk or sugar in your coffee you'd say you drink your coffee 779: black interviewer: any other names for black coffee? 779: mm uh some people say you drink it black some people you'd say you just drink it straight interviewer: do you ever hear people say drinking coffee barefooted? 779: no interviewer: and you'd um tell a child now you can eat what's put {C: background noises} before you or you can do you can eat that or you can just do 779: or you can leave it alone? interviewer: mm-kay what's the opposite of with? 779: the opposite of with? without interviewer: and talking about distance you'd say well I don't know exactly how far away it is but it's just a 779: a good distance interviewer: mm-kay or he lives just a little what down the road? just a little 779: a little ways interviewer: mm-kay did you ever say a little piece? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you 779: just say a little piece down the road interviewer: and if you'd been traveling and still had a couple a' hundred miles to go you'd say you still had a 779: long way interviewer: and could something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you could find that just about 779: anywhere interviewer: and if someone slipped and fell this way he fell over 779: backward interviewer: and this way 779: frontward interviewer: or another way of saying that backwards and 779: frontwards interviewer: and say if you'd been fishing I asked you did you catch any you might say no what a one 779: now what? interviewer: if if I ask you did you catch any fish you might say no what a one 779: no I caught one? interviewer: but do you ever say um nary a one? 779: #1 no # interviewer: #2 have you heard of that? # 779: yeah I've heard of it #1 I don't say it # interviewer: #2 how would you # how would you hear that? 779: just like you used it or you know I've heard of I've heard of people say nary a one interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: funny interviewer: and when you're #1 plowing # 779: #2 sounds old fashioned # interviewer: mm-hmm when you're plowing the trenches that the plow cuts you call those the 779: the rows? I mean interviewer: what about the furrow? 779: the furrows? interviewer: uh-huh 779: yeah interviewer: did you ever hear a special name for the horse that walks through the furrow? 779: special name for the horse um mule? interviewer: mm-kay two of those hitched together you'd call that a 779: team? interviewer: and before you can hitch a horse to a buggy or a wagon what do you say you have to do to it? 779: you have to do to the horse? before you can hitch it? interviewer: well what do you call the what you everything you put on it that thing 779: saddle? interviewer: well with a wagon though you wouldn't saddle it would you 779: the bridle? um #1 you can # interviewer: #2 um # 779: see I'm a country girl interviewer: would you ever say {C: informant laughing} you have to gear him up or harness him or? 779: harness yeah put the harness on him interviewer: mm-kay and when you're driving him you hold the 779: reins interviewer: and when you're riding on him you hold the 779: reins interviewer: and your feet are in the your feet #1 harness # 779: #2 hmm? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: #1 when you're # 779: #2 oh in the stirrups # interviewer: mm-kay and you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you did what to it 779: cleared it interviewer: and wheat is tied up into a 779: a bundle interviewer: mm-kay and then they're piled up into a 779: uh I don't know interviewer: how about how much wheat you raised to an acre? you might say we raised forty 779: how much wheat you raised to an acre? interviewer: yeah forty what of wheat? 779: forty acres interviewer: or or what's a quantity that you'd you know there's baskets {X} 779: #1 bushel baskets? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: forty bushels? interviewer: and what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of 'em? 779: oats is that thresh? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say the oats what threshed oats 779: hmm? interviewer: #1 would you say # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: oats is threshed or oats are threshed or {C: pronunciation} 779: oats are threshed I would say interviewer: mm-kay and there's something that we have to do today just the two of us you could say we'll have to do it or you could say if you don't use the word we you could say 779: I? I have to do it? interviewer: talking about us though 779: talking about both of us? interviewer: uh-huh would you ever say me and you or you and I or I 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {D: would} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh you and I interviewer: mm-kay and if you're talking about your husband and yourself {X} 779: my husband and I interviewer: or he and I or me and him or what would you 779: uh well I would say um my husband and I or me and my husband interviewer: mm-kay and if you knock at the door and somebody answers there and you know that they'll recognize your voice you might answer it's 779: it's me? {C: tape fading} interviewer: and it's if I ask you um was that John at the door you'd say yeah it was 779: it was John? {C: tape fades} interviewer: from if I asked you was that John at the door you might say yeah it was 779: he interviewer: mm-kay is that what you'd probably say? 779: yeah {NW} {D: I think so} interviewer: what if it was a woman? you'd say it was 779: it was not John interviewer: or it was would you say it was her or it was #1 she # 779: #2 it was she # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: and if it's two people you'd say it was 779: them {NW} interviewer: {X} which would you probably say? 779: I would probably say it's- it was them interviewer: and talking about how tall you are you'd say he's not as tall as 779: I interviewer: well I'm not as tall as 779: he interviewer: and he can do that better 779: than I interviewer: and if you're gonna {C: cough} to Texas and hadn't gone any more west than that you'd say Texas is what that I've ever been 779: the fartherest interviewer: and if something belongs to me you'd say it's 779: mine interviewer: or I ask you is this is this uh if something wasn't mine I'd ask you is this 779: yours interviewer: and if it belongs to both of us it's 779: ours interviewer: and to them? 779: it belongs to them interviewer: it's 779: theirs interviewer: and to him? 779: his interviewer: and to her? 779: hers interviewer: do you ever hear people say things like his'n or your'n or how would you hear that? {X} 779: well for instance like uh you'd say you know somebody would say you know here they'd {C: bump} say it's his {NW} interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: very uneducated {C: laughing} countryside or {NW} interviewer: do you hear that around here much? 779: no interviewer: and if there's a group of people at your house and they were getting ready to leave you'd say well I hope what come back again {C: mic bump} I hope 779: I hope you come back interviewer: would you say you when you're talking {C: informant coughs} to a whole group? 779: probably say you all that's just what southerners do interviewer: would you ever use the word you all to just one person? 779: no interviewer: say that the group at your house is {X} about their coats you know everybody's coats you'd say where are 779: your coats? interviewer: would you ever say y'all's or you all's coats? 779: not y'all's interviewer: how does that sound? 779: it doesn't sound right no I'd probably say where are your coats? interviewer: and if there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and later you were asking about the people that had gone you might ask someone 779: now read that again I'm sorry interviewer: if there was a party and you hadn't been able {C: informant coughs} to go to it and you were asking about the people that had gone you might ask someone who was at the party what would you ask them? you wanted to know which people had gone {X} 779: who went to the party? interviewer: what about who all went? 779: well yeah {NW} Who went to the party or who all went to the party? interviewer: and if there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family you might ask about their 779: that belong to more than one family? interviewer: children are they you'd say 779: whose children are they? interviewer: what about who all's children are they? 779: no interviewer: and if you're asking about all the speaker's remarks you know everything that he said you'd ask someone 779: I didn't understand that interviewer: if if someone had given a speech and you hadn't been able to listen to it and you wanted to find out the content of it you might ask someone 779: what the speech was about? interviewer: would you ever say what all did he talk about? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you say that? 779: What all did he talk about? interviewer: and you'd say no one else will look out for me you'd say they've gotta look out for 779: themselves interviewer: and if no one else will do it for him you'd say he better do it 779: for himself interviewer: and something made out of flour and baked in a loaf 779: bread interviewer: and what different kinds of bread are there? 779: um there's um white bread whole wheat bread rye bread um cornbread interviewer: what do you put in white bread to make it rise? 779: yeast interviewer: and you'd say there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's 779: there's uh interviewer: what you get at the store you'd call that 779: bakery bread interviewer: and what different um things are made out of cornmeal? 779: cornbread um oh great so many things cornbread is the main thing I make out of it but there's there's lots of things you can use to make out of cornmeal interviewer: what about taking cornmeal and flattening it out in your hand and it's kinda long what would that be? do you ever do that? 779: you mean making cornbread? it's hot water bread interviewer: what's hot water bread? 779: well you take uh meal and you put you on some water and boil it and get it hot I mean you know boil it and then you pour just enough into your meal to you know make it stick real good and then you make you pat it out kinda long like you were talking about and fry it interviewer: and you call that? 779: either it's called fried cornbread or hot water bread interviewer: what about something you can eat with fish made out of cornmeal 779: hush puppies interviewer: mm-kay how do you make those 779: {D: How do I make those?} well they're made very similar to the hot water bread or the uh fried cornbread except instead of making that long you roll it into little balls interviewer: what do you have in it just 779: #1 cornmeal and salt # interviewer: #2 cornmeal and # 779: and hot water interviewer: what about um something that that takes cornmeal and salt and water and you sort of boil that all together and make something you eat with a spoon 779: grits cornmeal and what? what'd you say? interviewer: yeah well cornmeal though cornmeal and salty water 779: in hot water? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: pouring it in hot water? stir it up I've made grits quite similar to that {X} interviewer: what about mush or couscous #1 do you ever hear that? # 779: #2 mush # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I've never heard of couscous interviewer: what's mush? how do you eat that? 779: it's the same thing as grits interviewer: something that um people it's made out of corn and it's um you'd s- soak the corn in a lye and get the 779: Soak it in lye? interviewer: Quite similar to grits 779: #1 similar to grits # interviewer: #2 it's # the whole kernel 779: Similar to grits. but it's the whole kernel um interviewer: it can be either white or yellow {D: instead of in a can maybe but} 779: canned corn interviewer: what about hominy? 779: hominy yeah interviewer: how's hominy different from grits? would you use it to mean the same thing? 779: well no uh if I buy canned hominy you know it's not like grits {NW} I don't buy it much cuz they don't eat it interviewer: did you ever see people make hominy? 779: no interviewer: and talk about how much flour might be in a sack you'd say a sack might contain five or ten 779: pounds interviewer: and something that is round and has a {C: informant coughs} hole in the middle 779: a donut interviewer: are there different names for those? or different kinds? 779: uh yeah I guess so um I just call 'em donuts interviewer: what about um something that people eat for breakfast that's fried and it's got 779: bacon? interviewer: well no something that um you'd put syrup over 779: biscuits interviewer: what else? 779: um interviewer: what do you make up of batter and fry? {D: three to four of these} 779: mm interviewer: you know just um 779: of batter? and fry interviewer: yeah and you make up a batter and you 779: oh pancakes I'm sorry yeah I make 'em all the time interviewer: is there another name for pancakes or something similar 779: flapjacks interviewer: is that the same thing? 779: yeah I guess interviewer: which would you call it? 779: pancakes interviewer: and do you ever hear of um a corn dodger? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what's that? 779: I don't know I don't know interviewer: how have you heard people 779: I've just heard that word I don't know what it is what it means corn dodger oh wait a minute yes I do too my grandfather used to say it he was talking about cornbread interviewer: just the same thing as #1 cornbread? # 779: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # he used to call it corndodger interviewer: which #1 grandfather was that? # 779: #2 sure did # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # that was my mother's father interviewer: the inside part of the egg is called a 779: yolk interviewer: what color is that? 779: yellow interviewer: and if you {C: informant coughs} cook them in hot water you call them 779: boils interviewer: boils 779: boiled eggs interviewer: what if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells into hot water? 779: poach 'em? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever do that? 779: yeah {C: laughing} not too much but I do interviewer: and the kind of animal that barks is called a 779: dog interviewer: you wanted a dog {C: informant coughs} to attack another dog what would you tell 'em? 779: you want one dog to attack another dog? interviewer: or uh 779: sic him? interviewer: mm-kay what would you call a mixed breed dog when you didn't know what kind it was? 779: um now what do you call 'em uh {NW} just a mixture interviewer: what about a small noisy dog 779: what do you mean? #1 I don't know what you mean # interviewer: #2 do you have a # special name for a 779: a small dog? uh well you mean like a toy terrier #1 or a # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: toy poodle or interviewer: what about {X} do you ever hear that? 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what would that be? 779: well there is a small dog called a feist isn't there interviewer: it's a breed? you think? 779: yeah I think interviewer: what about a uh just a worthless dog what might you call him? 779: a mutt interviewer: mm-kay and if you had a mean dog you'd tell someone you better be careful that dog'll 779: bite interviewer: and yesterday the dog 779: bit interviewer: and the person had to go to the doctor after he got 779: bitten interviewer: do you ever say after he got dog bit 779: huh? do I ever what? interviewer: would you ever say after he got dog bit? 779: no interviewer: how's that sound? 779: well it sounds uneducated {C: laughing} interviewer: and the animal that you milk is called a 779: cow interviewer: what do you call the male? 779: the male cow? um bull interviewer: was that word nice to use when you were growing up? {X} 779: well no not especially #1 my mother # interviewer: #2 what # 779: was pretty strict on us interviewer: what would you say instead of bull? 779: aw shucks interviewer: uh-huh what about referring to the animal though? was it #1 could you use the word bull when referring to the animal? # 779: #2 oh yeah yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # when referring to the animal yeah interviewer: and the little one when it's first born is called a 779: calf interviewer: and if it's a male it's a 779: hmm hmm you've got me there I can't think interviewer: well what do you call a female calf? 779: I know I've heard both of 'em but it does not come to me interviewer: #1 say if you had a cow that's huh # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I can't think interviewer: if you had a cow that's expecting a calf you'd say she was going to 779: have a calf interviewer: any other ways of saying that? 779: have a baby interviewer: and you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses 779: ride interviewer: yesterday {C: informant coughs} he 779: rode interviewer: and I had never 779: ridden interviewer: and if you couldn't stay on you'd say you fell what's that word 779: off off interviewer: mm-kay say the whole thing you fell 779: #1 fell off the horse # interviewer: #2 off # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and say a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I must have 779: fallen off the bed interviewer: and the male horse is called a 779: male horse it's not it's not a buck is it no that's something else male horse interviewer: do you ever go to races? 779: no interviewer: when did they open the racetrack here? 779: last uh last year it's been about a year ago last spring I guess it was interviewer: was that a um local thing that people voted on? 779: yeah yeah we never we never had one here until now interviewer: how do people feel about it is it pretty popular {X} 779: yeah lot of people you know were for it and a lot weren't and I myself I was not because we just don't believe in that sort of thing you know interviewer: cuz it's criminal and all that business {C: informant coughs} 779: well that yeah that's a lot of it interviewer: when did what months is the racetrack open? is it open now? 779: uh no it's not open right now uh I don't know when it opens back up it closed you know I forgot even when it closed but it's been closed {X} I don't pay much {C: bump} attention to it because we don't you know we just don't keep up with that sort of thing but um you know that was before they actually decided to build one there was a big stink about that interviewer: were most of the churches opposed to it? or 779: uh interviewer: how did it get I mean if like in they're trying to do the same thing in Georgia but um particularly in the well conservative sections you know out outside of Atlanta um you know the churches were were just very opposed to it and I don't see how it you know would ever get 779: yeah well uh so far as I know now I know the church we're in they were mostly opposed to it you know and as far as I know most of the churches were opposed to it but um you know there's so many people that are outside of the churches really I mean there's more outside than there is in {C: bump} so uh I guess that's how it came into being but but uh interviewer: has it been {X} horse stables and farms and all of that here since 779: I don't know I really don't know but I know I've seen a lot more of people with horse trailers on the backs of their cars and they're all heading towards Bossier City interviewer: #1 is that where the racetrack is? # 779: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 Bossier City? # 779: #2 it's over in Bossier # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: are y- people living in Shreveport allowed to vote on Bossier? 779: #1 nuh-uh # interviewer: #2 they # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 no # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: it's like two separate cities they call 'em the twin cities because it's just separated by Red River you know you can go on the bridge and you're right course now you can go down I twenty and get over there but uh they call 'em the twin cities but it's actually you know #1 it's two {C: tapping} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: separate cities {C: tapping} but this is you know when we have elections you can only vote if you live here in Shreveport interviewer: kinda seems like that would be like fair I'm not I mean like in Atlanta they if you work in Atlanta and you have to pay and they vote and have you know some taxes or something you wouldn't be allowed to vote so uh if you could you know 779: mm-hmm interviewer: but you would be the one paying taxes #1 you know # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: you have the same sort of situation between Shreveport and Bossier City 779: you know they have their elections and we have ours interviewer: um how would you call a female horse? 779: is that a filly? interviewer: what if she's grown? {X} 779: I don't know interviewer: and things they put on a horse's feet are called the 779: on a horse's feet? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: horseshoes interviewer: what do you call a game you play with those? 779: with horseshoes? um just throwing horseshoes I don't know does it have a name? interviewer: do you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 779: yeah interviewer: what was it called? 779: ring toss interviewer: mm-kay and the thing that you put the shoes on the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on they're called the 779: oh the hooves? interviewer: mm-kay and you talking about just one you'd call that one 779: hoof interviewer: and the male sheep is called a 779: the male sheep a ram? interviewer: mm-kay what about the female? 779: um female sheep I can't think interviewer: what do people raise sheep for? 779: for wool interviewer: do they have sheep around here at all? 779: mm well I guess you know out on some of the farms they probably do but not really in here {D: that's it why I don't} interviewer: what about the animals you get pork from those are 779: pigs interviewer: when they're full grown they're called 779: when they're full grown? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: pigs I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: any other names for pigs? 779: uh well when they're babies some people call 'em piglets but I don't know what you call a full grown pig interviewer: what what would you call a female? 779: female pig uh is she the one that's a sow? interviewer: mm-kay and the male? 779: I don't know {C: laughing} interviewer: what would you call one that um grows uh grows up out in the woods a wild one 779: oh a razorback pig? #1 is that a name for that? # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about hogs do you ever use that word? 779: yeah sometimes interviewer: how do 779: well instead of calling 'em pigs just call 'em hogs interviewer: do you make a distinction between hogs and pigs? 779: no #1 not really # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # {D: if Harrison a hog head on his back} 779: um a hedgehog? you mean what kind? interviewer: no the well like you know on a hairbrush 779: yeah bristles interviewer: mm-kay and the big teeth that a hog has 779: big teeth interviewer: or an elephant has 779: oh um interviewer: it comes out {C: tapping} you know 779: uh yeah I know um not his tusk? interviewer: mm-kay 779: pigs don't have tusks do they? interviewer: some of them long ones 779: they do? I know elephants do but I never heard of a pig having tusks hmm interviewer: #1 what are things # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: you'd call the things that you put the food in for the hogs 779: um trough? interviewer: mm-kay talking about several of those you'd talk about several 779: troughs interviewer: and say if you had a {C: cough} a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a male what would you say you were gonna do to him if you don't want him to be used for breeding? 779: uh for pigs? uh it'd be spayed pigs {NS} interviewer: mm-kay any other ways of saying that? 779: uh I don't I don't know I don't really interviewer: what would the pig be called then? 779: the male pig? interviewer: mm-hmm if you had done that to him 779: what would it be called? like do you mean like sterile? interviewer: well do you ever hear him called uh a barrow or a barrow 779: mm-mm interviewer: and say if you had some um horses and mules and cows and so forth and they were getting hungry you'd say you had to go feed the 779: some horses and mules? interviewer: yeah just 779: cow interviewer: what general name would you have for #1 all those # 779: #2 animals # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: what about stock or cattle or 779: yeah stock or cattle or animals any of that #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # and what if you're talking about chickens and turkeys and geese you'd say you had to feed the 779: um chickens and turkeys and geese interviewer: what general name would you have for them? 779: probably chickens interviewer: mm-kay and if it's time to feed the stock and do your work you'd say it was what time 779: um time to feed 'em feeding time interviewer: and the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned 779: Is that bleating? interviewer: mm-kay what about a cow? 779: same thing I guess #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what is the # noise that the cow makes when she's hungry? 779: I didn't know she did interviewer: uh what noises can cows make? when 779: well they can moo interviewer: mm-kay and #1 {X} # 779: #2 do they moo when they're hungry? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: they don't have cows in Shreveport {D: that much} 779: they do but not around me {C: laughing} interviewer: what noise does a horse make? 779: um he whinnies? interviewer: mm-kay and and how would you call a cow to get her on out of the pasture? 779: gosh here cow interviewer: mm-kay {C: informant laugh} did you ever hear anyone call have a special call for a cow? 779: uh I know they do but I don't know what they say interviewer: what would you how would you call a calf? 779: I don't know interviewer: what would you say to a cow so she'd stand still so you could milk her do you ever see anyone do that? 779: I've seen 'em milked but I never heard 'em tell 'em to be still interviewer: what about calling a horse to get in and out of the pen 779: I have no idea interviewer: what would you say to make 'em turn left or right if you're plowing? 779: uh you'd pull on the reins, wouldn't you? interviewer: mm-kay and to get him started you'd tell him 779: to go {NS} interviewer: mm-kay what about to stop him? 779: whoa interviewer: and to back him up? 779: I don't know interviewer: how would you call hogs? 779: I don't know interviewer: what about sheep? {C: laugh} 779: I don't know that either interviewer: what about chickens? do you ever hear anyone call chickens? 779: uh yeah I have but I don't remember how they do it uh just cluck cluck I guess interviewer: mm-kay {C: laugh} #1 what about your father's pet chicken # 779: #2 oh my # interviewer: how did he 779: uh well like I told you he he um he made a pet out of it and he trained it to walk the clothesline interviewer: would it try to follow him around or 779: yeah followed him all over the yard everywhere he went he was just a pet and you know he could pick it up just like a cat or a dog and #1 pet it and # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what did you think of it? did you ever care for animals like that? 779: uh well I always liked cats we always had cats and uh I never cared to make a pet out of a chicken I thought the chicken was smart you know to be able to do that really I did but you don't see too many chickens walking clotheslines interviewer: how did he train him to do that? 779: I don't know he just put it up on the clothesline and he you know would just talk #1 to it and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: and work with it and it just learned I don't know interviewer: what became of the chicken? 779: I guess it died I don't remember cats were always my pet interviewer: {X} 779: #1 yeah cat # interviewer: #2 {D: cat more than chicken} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: yeah I don't know no I didn't have any cats at that time we had cats later we had a we had one or two dogs but I never was really a big dog lover I mean not some dogs I liked #1 but # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: cats #1 is what I liked # interviewer: #2 you said # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # {D: yeah you said people like just one} I mean take #1 {X} # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: um you'd throw a ball and ask somebody to 779: throw a ball to somebody and ask somebody to pitch it back? interviewer: or to 779: throw it? interviewer: and or say I threw the ball and he 779: caught it? interviewer: and I've been fishing but I haven't 779: caught any? interviewer: mm-kay you'd throw the ball and ask someone to 779: catch it interviewer: and you'd say that would be a hard mountain to 779: climb interviewer: but last year my neighbor 779: climbed it interviewer: but I have never 779: climbed it interviewer: and did you ever see a hog killed? did you ever see 779: mm-mm interviewer: what would you call the kind of fat um salted meat that you can boil with greens? 779: uh dry salt meat #1 that's what I call it # interviewer: #2 any other names for that? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh mm-mm interviewer: what about fatback or sowbelly? do you ever hear that? 779: yeah heard of both of 'em but I don't use that I don't {D: I have to} say dry salt meat interviewer: how would you hear people use those? how would you 779: well it's the same dry salt meat they probably say they're gonna boil so and so with fatback or interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: it just sounds odd to me because I don't use it interviewer: what would you call when you cut the side of the hog what do you call that section? 779: when you cut the side of the hog? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: oh a ham? interviewer: mm-kay and the kind of meat you buy that you {C: informant coughs} slice to cook with eggs 779: do what? interviewer: it's the kind of meat that you buy that's already sliced 779: #1 oh to cook with eggs # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: bacon interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear people talk about a side of bacon or middle of the bacon? 779: mm-mm {D: not that I know} interviewer: what about on the uh bacon that the edge that you cut off before you well now did you ever see bacon sold that wasn't already sliced? 779: mm-mm I don't believe interviewer: what do you call the the 779: oh I know what you're talking about #1 rind {C: sounds like rine} # interviewer: #2 what # mm-kay 779: is that what you mean? interviewer: do you ever eat that? 779: no interviewer: the type of meat that's um you buy in little links and um in patties 779: sausage interviewer: and a person who kills and sells meat 779: who kills and sells meat? interviewer: is called a 779: uh oh great who kills and sells meat #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what kind of # what do you call the big knife that you have in the kitchen {X} 779: um butcher knife interviewer: mm-kay and you call a person 779: a butcher interviewer: and #1 if meat's # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: been kept too long and it doesn't taste right you'd say it's done what 779: spoiled interviewer: what would you say about butter that was kept too long 779: butter? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh interviewer: well like say if you didn't refrigerate if you had it you know left outside it would 779: mm you're talking about if it's not any good or interviewer: mm-hmm you'd say it's 779: uh spoiled or interviewer: mm-kay 779: I never had any to ruin on me I don't know interviewer: and milk when you let it um sit and get sort of thick you call that 779: butter milk interviewer: or before you churn it. 779: oh uh when you let it get kinda thick um sour? interviewer: do you ever hear curdled or #1 clabber # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # heard of both of 'em interviewer: what would you call it 779: well if it gets kinda thick I'd probably call it clabber interviewer: did 779: or curdled interviewer: did your parents ever make anything with {D: dairy productivity} 779: yes my grandmother used to churn we used to watch her make butter you know she'd make make butter and and uh we used to watch her do that all the time I can't think I think they've {X} interviewer: did you ever see any kind of cheese made from the clabber? 779: no interviewer: and the first thing you have to do after milking to get the impurities out you have to 779: after milking interviewer: uh-huh 779: impurities out uh interviewer: like you run it through a real fine cloth or something 779: yeah uh you what would you say strain it? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say this morning at seven oh clock I what breakfast? 779: I ate interviewer: mm-kay and yesterday at that time I had already 779: eaten interviewer: and tomorrow I will 779: eat interviewer: and someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his 779: food interviewer: and do you ever hear people call that vittle? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you hear that used? 779: well they just uh say you know instead of using food they just call it vittles interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: mm funny strange {C: laugh} interviewer: um if you were thirsty you might go over to the sink and pour yourself a 779: a drink of water interviewer: and you drink it out of a 779: glass interviewer: and you'd say the glass fell off the sink and 779: broke interviewer: but somebody has done what to the glass 779: clean it up? interviewer: or or the glass has been 779: broken interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say I didn't mean to 779: break interviewer: and {D: something you'd find like a pie} only it's made it's made out of apples and it's got several layers of apples and strips of dough you'd call that a 779: you mean apple pie? is that what you mean? interviewer: well it's kind of a pie but it's got it's deeper and it's got strips of dough and layers and 779: you said it's got apples in it? interviewer: yeah 779: apple dumplings? interviewer: mm-kay what about apple cobbler or #1 deep dish # 779: #2 apple # cobbler mm-hmm apple cobbler interviewer: how do you make those? 779: apple cobbler well kinda like you been talking about it's like you know with dough and and uh apples and interviewer: do you ever hear of a family pie or deep apple pie? 779: I've heard of a deep dish apple pie but I've never heard of a family pie interviewer: what's a how's a deep dish apple pie different from a cobbler or a regular pie? 779: well uh they have uh well they're just it's just a it's just a bigger deeper pie you've got on the top crust it's got little crumbles of um I really don't know what it is it tastes like cinnamon and sugar and you know I don't know it's just sprinkled all over the top of the deep dish interviewer: does an apple cobbler have the crust on it on the top? 779: {D: the deep cobbler?} well yeah I would put one on it interviewer: how's it different from a pie? 779: from an apple pie? interviewer: yeah how is an apple cobbler different from an apple pie? 779: uh well I in my apple pies I don't put the {D: the streusel} with the dumplings and in an apple cobbler I would apple pie I'd just put the apples and then the top crust interviewer: what would you call milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you could pour over pudding or pie #1 it's the kinda s- # 779: #2 milk or # cream mixed with sugar? interviewer: yeah a kind of a sweet liquid you could make and pour over pudding and pie you'd call that a what 779: I don't know interviewer: well do you ever call it a a dressing or {D: fog} or dip #1 {X} # 779: #2 I # never pour it onto my pie I I don't do that interviewer: and you'd say if you were thirsty you'd say I what a glass of water I 779: I want interviewer: or I went in there and I 779: got? interviewer: and I did #1 what # 779: #2 drank # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: mm-kay and you ask me how much have you 779: have you're talking about {X} water? how much have you drunk? interviewer: mm-kay and after you kill a hog what can you make with the meat from it's head? 779: uh hog head cheese interviewer: how do you make that? 779: I don't know don't ask me {C: laughing} interviewer: do you eat that? 779: no I can't stand to even think of it woo interviewer: what can you make with the liver? 779: of a pig? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: I don't know interviewer: do you ever hear of scrapple or cripple or pannhaas? 779: #1 mm-mm # interviewer: #2 or # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: never interviewer: what can you make with the blood? 779: oh gee I don't know {C: laughing} I didn't know you could oh boy mm interviewer: say if um dinner was on the table and the family's standing around the table you'd tell them to go ahead and 779: eat interviewer: but they're standing you'd tell them to 779: oh go ahead and sit down? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say so we went ahead and 779: sat down interviewer: and no one else was standing because they all 779: sat down interviewer: and if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to him you'd tell him just go ahead and and what 779: take the potatoes? interviewer: now go ahead and what yourself? 779: serve interviewer: or ano- another way of saying that 779: um I don't know what you #1 want # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # say um say if you were doing some work it was kind of hard and um if you're doing it by yourself a friend of yours might come up and offer to 779: help? interviewer: mm-kay so you'd say he went in and 779: helped himself interviewer: and I asked him to pass 'em over to me since he had already what 779: helped himself? interviewer: do you ever hear people say holp? he holp himself? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and if you decide not to eat something you'd say no thank you I don't 779: I don't want any interviewer: and if food's {D: being cooking} for the second time you'd say that it's been 779: warmed over interviewer: and you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 779: chew it interviewer: and if he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat he couldn't 779: swallow interviewer: no he could chew it but he couldn't what it say the whole thing 779: oh he could chew it but he couldn't swallow it interviewer: mm-kay {X} 779: hmm uh I don't know I us- hang on you mean mm parts of the hog that I would eat? #1 like ham and # interviewer: #2 or the # no on the inside 779: hmm I don't know I don't I don't eat the inside of a hog interviewer: do you ever hear of liver and {D: lines} or anything like that 779: nuh-uh interviewer: {D: half blood or heart blood} 779: mm-mm that sounds awful. interviewer: what about um something that people make from the intestines and they put it out a little bit in a bowl {D: in a fire} 779: oh I've probably seen it in a grocery store but I cannot #1 think # interviewer: #2 do you ever hear chit- # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: chitterlings interviewer: uh-huh 779: yes interviewer: have you ever eaten 'em? 779: no oh no I I just don't eat stuff like that interviewer: did you ever anyone in your family ever eat chitterlings that 779: my grandmother interviewer: how would she make 'em? 779: I don't know interviewer: you just left 'em 779: yeah I just know that she she eats 'em and I don't know how she makes 'em I don't even stay around to see oh dear interviewer: what's something that um kinds of grain that grows in south Louisiana or 779: a grain? interviewer: uh-huh 779: wheat? interviewer: what takes a lot of water to grow? 779: lot of water? um interviewer: the people in China and Japan eat this a lot 779: oh rice? interviewer: does that grow in this area at all? 779: hmm I don't know interviewer: what about um what'd you call peas and beets and carrots and so forth that you grow yourself? 779: vegetables interviewer: and you grow 'em in a 779: garden interviewer: any special names for if you grow 'em yourself? 779: uh homegrown #1 homegrown vegetables # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # say something that's cooking made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone would you just 779: smell? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say smell of it? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you 779: #1 I # interviewer: #2 {D: word that} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I would just say uh smell of it smell of that interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say this isn't imitation maple syrup this is 779: real interviewer: or this is gen- 779: genuine syrup? interviewer: and if you were buying something wholesale or or several hundred pounds at a time you'd say you were buying it in 779: a large quantity interviewer: mm-kay any other way of saying that? 779: um mm interviewer: do you ever hear in bulk or bulk? 779: yeah mm buying it in bulk interviewer: and what would you call whiskey that's made illegally? 779: um bootleg I guess interviewer: any other names? 779: um now wait a minute um oh gee I don't know interviewer: what if it's not fit to drink? {X} {X} 779: {D: sharp manning} interviewer: mm-kay what about beer that you make at home? you'd call that 779: beer? that you make at home I don't know you mean what do you call it? interviewer: yeah do you ever hear of 779: #1 homemade brew? # interviewer: #2 {X} # huh? 779: homemade brew interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear of {D: splo} 779: mm-mm interviewer: and a sweet spread you can put on toast or biscuits would be 779: a what? interviewer: a sweet spread 779: oh a sweet spread that you could put on uh jelly? interviewer: and what you'd have on a table to season your food with would be 779: salt interviewer: what else? 779: pepper interviewer: and there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one he'd tell you 779: give me an apple interviewer: and you'd say he doesn't live here he lives 779: next door interviewer: or he lives way 779: down the street interviewer: do you ever say over yonder? 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: Say he lives over yonder interviewer: what does yonder mean? 779: it means over there interviewer: and you'd tell someone don't do it that way do it 779: this way? interviewer: and if you don't have any money at all you'd say you're not rich you're 779: poor interviewer: and you'd say um when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what's father was rich? next door was a child 779: and his father was rich? interviewer: mm-kay or as another way of saying that next door was a child 779: whose father was rich interviewer: and if you have a lot of peach trees you'd say you have a peach 779: orchard interviewer: and you could have someone who {D: sets his orchard insane} {X} point to someone else and say he's the man 779: who owns the orchard? interviewer: and say if you left a um an apple lying around and it got all dried out you'd say the skin of that dried apple was all did it get wrinkled 779: mm uh interviewer: {X} 779: dried up interviewer: what's another way of saying that? did it 779: it's um hard interviewer: #1 {D: do you ever say swiveled} # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 or shriveled # 779: #2 yeah # swiveled and shriveled I say both of 'em interviewer: which 779: {X} I I'd probably say it's all shriveled up interviewer: and a kind of a fruit that a citrus fruit that grows out in the garden would be 779: oranges interviewer: and say if there was a bowl of oranges and you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are 779: gone interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say you're just feeling so good that instead of walking he what all the way home 779: ran? interviewer: mm-kay he has what a mile? 779: he has run a mile? interviewer: mm-kay children like to 779: run interviewer: and you'd say um I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it 779: now what? interviewer: we hadn't gone half a block when it 779: rained interviewer: mm-kay and if say a bee stung me my hand is what 779: swelled interviewer: and it's still pretty badly 779: swollen interviewer: and if a bee stings you your hand will 779: swell interviewer: what sort of things um well inside of the the cherry the part you don't eat in a cherry you'd call that a 779: pit interviewer: hmm? 779: pit interviewer: what would you call it in a peach? 779: seed interviewer: and the part inside the seed? 779: the part inside the seed? mm interviewer: you know what I mean that real smooth thing? 779: I don't know what you mean interviewer: have you ever cracked a seed open? 779: mm-mm interviewer: there's one kind of peach that it's real that comes off the seed real easy you'd call that a 779: it comes off the seed? interviewer: you know there's there's one kind of peach that you can take {C: informant coughs} the the s- the flesh off the seed real easy just comes right off 779: mm-hmm interviewer: then there's another kind that sticks to the seed did you ever hear of such a name for those? 779: mm mm-mm I know the name of one kind of peaches but uh I don't know if that's uh interviewer: what 779: Alberta? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: Alberta peaches interviewer: do you ever hear them called freestone or soft peach or 779: I've heard of freestone interviewer: mm-kay what's the other kind called? 779: Alberta and freestones all I know interviewer: and the part of the apple that you don't eat 779: the core interviewer: and if you cut up apples and dry them you'd say you're making 779: cut 'em up and dry 'em? dry apples? interviewer: do you ever hear them called {D: snits} 779: uh-uh interviewer: what different nuts kinds of nuts do people get around here? 779: pecans um now you mean are actually grown around here? #1 at Christmas # interviewer: #2 well um # 779: time we get a lot of different kinds of nuts interviewer: what different ones do you get at Christmas? 779: we get English walnuts we get um course we get pecans we have pecan trees all over the place here um English walnuts and uh these nuts they're kinda long ones and they're real hard what's the name of those? we used to call 'em nigger toes I think interviewer: good and dark 779: yeah {NS} yeah you know dark on the outside uh interviewer: what's {X} 779: pecans interviewer: what else what about one that's shaped like your eye? 779: shaped like your eye interviewer: it's got a thin sort of hard shell what kinds of nuts would be used in {D: craving} 779: um peanuts I guess interviewer: what about almond or almond do you have 779: yes we have almonds interviewer: do they grow here or do they 779: I don't think they grow here and I don't know for certain but we get those at Christmas interviewer: is there any other name for peanuts? 779: uh goobers? interviewer: mm-kay is that a word you'd use? 779: mm-hmm well I don't use it much but some people around here do #1 instead of peanuts # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # did you ever see a walnut just off the tree? 779: #1 just off the tree? # interviewer: #2 yeah but # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: mm-mm interviewer: well what about a pecan when it 779: oh yeah interviewer: it's got a green covering on it 779: yeah interviewer: you'd call that the 779: hull interviewer: what about the part that you crack? that's the 779: shell interviewer: and um you'd say that's the book that you what me 779: gave me interviewer: mm-kay and you have what me 779: given interviewer: and when I'm through with it I'll 779: give interviewer: and you'd say um what time does the movie 779: start interviewer: or what time does it what's another way of saying start 779: begin interviewer: you'd say it must have already {C: informant coughs} 779: begun interviewer: and ten minutes ago it 779: began interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say those boys get mad and what 779: fight interviewer: and yesterday they 779: fought interviewer: and ever since they were small they have 779: fought interviewer: do you ever hear people say they um fought or they fit {C: pronunciation on fought} 779: I've heard 'em say they fought {C: pronunciation} and fit #1 too yeah # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # how does that sound to you? 779: that's bad that sounds terrible interviewer: um what different things do people grow in a garden around here? 779: uh they grow beans corn squash okra green onions potatoes radishes um carrots um I believe they grew cabbage next door last year um and they grow turnip greens and mustard greens I think {X} interviewer: what do 779: tomatoes oh yes tomatoes interviewer: what do you call the little tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? 779: uh we call 'em little salad tomatoes interviewer: mm-kay what different kinds of potatoes are there? 779: uh Irish potatoes sweet potatoes interviewer: is there another name for sweet potatoes or the different 779: #1 yams # interviewer: #2 kinds # hmm? 779: yams? interviewer: is that the same or is that a variety or what? 779: no that's the same to me interviewer: and something that'd make your eyes water if you cut it 779: onion interviewer: what different kinds of beans do people grow? 779: they grow butter beans uh #1 you said beans {C: overlap} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: then not peas uh butter beans oh I don't know if they grow pinto beans around here or not and I don't know about uh great northern beans interviewer: what's another what's something similar to butter beans but another #1 name for 'em # 779: #2 butter beans? # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # um interviewer: do you ever hear lima? 779: yes lima beans interviewer: how's that different? are they different things? 779: uh the lima beans well they're bigger than a butter bean interviewer: #1 what color # 779: #2 they're # they're all white I would think I believe interviewer: what about the butter beans? 779: well the butter beans can be white or they can be speckled you know they can be white with purple speckles on 'em interviewer: what about the ones that are green? what are they? 779: uh are they bab- baby limas? interviewer: mm-kay 779: I don't know interviewer: if you want to get the beans out of the pods you'd say you have to 779: shell 'em interviewer: and the kinds of beans that you don't shell but you eat with the pod and everything 779: oh uh green beans interviewer: is there another name for green beans? 779: um Kentucky wonder beans interviewer: mm-kay #1 what about snap bean or string bean? # 779: #2 snap # beans and string beans yeah interviewer: what's the difference between all of them? 779: uh well now if I'm not mistaken the Kentucky wonder bean is is big you know it's the biggest interviewer: mm-hmm 779: green bean and then the snap beans and the green beans uh I don't think there's any difference between them interviewer: and something that's um some leafy thing it grows round 779: lettuce? interviewer: mm-kay if you wanted to buy um if you wanted to buy some you'd have to go and ask for maybe three 779: heads of lettuce interviewer: would you ever use the word head to talk about children? like if someone has five children they have five heads of children 779: I wouldn't interviewer: how does that sound? 779: oh kinda crude interviewer: what if someone had about fourteen children you'd say he really had a 779: house full of children interviewer: do you ever call that a passel? 779: yeah a passel of children or interviewer: #1 what else would you use the word passel about? {C: overlap} # 779: #2 house full of children # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # um passel oh I don't know I can't think really and truly I don't use the word very much but you know a lotta people do say that but I don't say it much interviewer: what would you call a kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 779: um well there's creamed corn but you you're talking about uh when you take it off the cob? interviewer: well just the kind of corn that you buy that's tender #1 real tender # 779: #2 it's # tender um interviewer: {D: the young corn} 779: young corn yeah interviewer: #1 would you ever hear it called sweet corn or roasting ears # 779: #2 sweet # corn interviewer: hmm? 779: sweet corn uh-huh interviewer: what about roasting ears 779: yeah I've heard it called that but I don't interviewer: you've heard it called 779: sweet corn and roasting ears interviewer: which would you use 779: I would say sweet corn myself interviewer: what about the the green covering on the corn that's the 779: shuck interviewer: and the stringy stuff 779: silks interviewer: and the thing that goes to the top of the corn stalk 779: At the top? interviewer: mm-hmm {D: the little bunch of strings} 779: the corn silks you're talking #1 about? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 what # what about all that um you've seen the the caps that people use for graduation the thing that hangs down is the 779: tassel interviewer: and something you make pie out of at Thanksgiving 779: #1 something you make pie out a pumpkin # interviewer: #2 yeah a big # mm-kay are there different kinds of squash 779: uh yeah there's yellow squash white squash um well there may be more than that but I don't know interviewer: what do you call the white and black kind of squash? 779: what do you call it? interviewer: does it have a special name? 779: um I think it does but I can't think of it interviewer: #1 is that what you meant by white squash? # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # that's what I meant interviewer: what about a little umbrella shaped thing that grows up in the woods or fields after it rains 779: a mushroom? interviewer: what's a is there another name for them? 779: um toadstool interviewer: is there a difference between a mushroom and a toadstool? 779: uh well no when I was a child we called 'em both interviewer: and what different kinds of melons do people get around here 779: watermelons cantaloupes uh now I mushmelons I think a mushmelon and a cantaloupe is the same thing I'm not sure but we get cantaloupes and watermelons interviewer: and something people smoke would be 779: cigarettes interviewer: and 779: cigars interviewer: and say someone offered to do you a favor but you didn't want to feel like you um owe them anything you'd say well I don't want to feel 779: obligated interviewer: and if someone asks you if you're able to do something you'd say sure I 779: I will do it? interviewer: or if they ask you if you're able you'd say sure I 779: I'm able interviewer: mm-kay or I what do it I or if you weren't able to they'd ask you can you do that and you'd say no I 779: I'm unable to do it interviewer: mm-kay you'd say I'd like to help you but I just 779: I don't I just I am just unable to help you? interviewer: and someone asks you about sundown to do some work you'd say well I got up to work before sunup and I 779: I'm tired interviewer: mm-kay or I've what all I'm going to today uh 779: I've worked all I'm going to today? interviewer: do you ever say uh I done worked or I done {X} 779: I don't interviewer: and you'd say there's a really bad accident up the road but it there wasn't any use in calling the doctor because by the time you got there the person was what 779: dead interviewer: or 779: was already dead interviewer: would you ever say he was done dead? 779: no {C: laughing} interviewer: and you'd tell someone um you're not doing what you what to do 779: what you should do? interviewer: #1 or using another way of saying that? {C: overlap} # 779: #2 what you # ought to do? interviewer: and if a child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 779: shouldn't have done interviewer: or he did something he 779: ought not to have done interviewer: and if you just refuse to do something you might say well no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just 779: refuse interviewer: or I just what do that I just 779: {X} #1 I'm mixed up # interviewer: #2 {X} # will you do that you'd say no I 779: will not do that interviewer: or another way of saying that no I 779: I won't do that interviewer: and you'd say um I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you 779: will? interviewer: mm-kay and say if you had done something that was hard work all by yourself and all the time you were working your friends were just standing around watching you not offering to help when you get through you might say instead of just standing there you know you might 779: help me interviewer: were you to finish you'd say you might 779: you might have helped me interviewer: mm-kay and someone asked you if you'd be able to do something next week or some time you might say well I'm not sure but I 779: will try? interviewer: would you ever say I might could? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you say that? 779: well instead of saying I will try I I would say I'm not sure but I might could do that? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm-hmm interviewer: and you'd say say if you got someone some medicine you go and you still see the medicine by the person's bed you'd say why haven't you 779: taken your medicine interviewer: and the person would say I already 779: took interviewer: mm-kay and in another hour I'll 779: take interviewer: and the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 779: kind of bird oh an owl? interviewer: what different kinds are there? 779: different kinds of owls? hoot owl uh {X} I don't know hoot owl interviewer: what about the little ones? that they {X} 779: screech owl interviewer: uh-huh have you ever seen one of them? 779: mm-mm interviewer: do you ever hear any superstitions about owls? 779: superstitions #1 about owls? # interviewer: #2 like owls # being connected to death or anything? 779: no interviewer: and the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 779: a woodpecker interviewer: any other names for them? 779: uh I've heard 'em called {D: ready egg} woodpeckers #1 um # interviewer: #2 what do you call # a large woodpecker any special name? 779: I don't know if there is interviewer: do you ever hear a woodpecker called a peckerwood? 779: yes interviewer: how would people say that? 779: well I don't know now I've just heard you know heard 'em called peckerwood interviewer: do you ever hear the word peckerwood used about people? {X} 779: uh yeah I think so you know when somebody was mad at someone or something interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: well it doesn't sound very nice interviewer: and what kind of black and white animal that has a real strong smell? 779: a skunk interviewer: any other names for them? 779: um I don't think so interviewer: say some animals have been coming and getting your chickens and you didn't know exactly what kind they were what general name would you have for the type of animal that would do that? 779: uh wolves interviewer: uh-huh well if you don't know they're wolves they're just what you'd say I'm gonna get a gun and kill that 779: kill that animal interviewer: would you ever call 'em varmints? 779: {NW} yeah interviewer: how would you use that? 779: well uh I'd just say you know I'm gonna get a gun and kill that varmint interviewer: what would a varmint be? 779: #1 I # interviewer: #2 or # 779: really don't know what a varmint is interviewer: {X} #1 sort of animal # 779: #2 it's just # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # mm I don't know uh interviewer: would uh a mouse be a varmint? or a rat? 779: well it could uh usually if I say that I I'm just uh you know it's just a name that I'm calling something interviewer: would you ever #1 call a # 779: #2 just a # interviewer: person a varmint? 779: well not really interviewer: what about a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 779: a squirrel? interviewer: what different kinds of squirrels are there? 779: mm gosh I don't know interviewer: what different colors? 779: uh well there's gray and brown maybe black? I'm not sure about black interviewer: do you ever hear of a fox squirrel or a cat squirrel? 779: mm no I don't believe #1 not that I # interviewer: #2 what of # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what's something kinda like a squirrel and it's small and has little stripes down its back? 779: kinda like a squirrel? now you're not talking about a rat interviewer: do you ever hear of a chipmunk or ground- 779: chipmunk uh-huh interviewer: huh? 779: a chipmunk interviewer: do they have those around here? 779: well uh I don't think so I haven't seen any interviewer: can they climb trees if you know 779: chipmunks uh I don't know interviewer: what different kinds of fish do people get around here? 779: uh catfish white perch um catfish and white perch and oh I don't know several kinds interviewer: what's the name of {X} 779: I don't know interviewer: what could you get from {D: drugstores} {X} 779: {D: seen a ten overs knock it out} after three interviewer: what else do they get from the {D: well the same thing} 779: crabs um ho uh {C: tapping} what are those dumb fish um interviewer: what other kinds of seafood can you get at the store? 779: oh uh {C: impact noise} oysters interviewer: mm-hmm 779: oysters um oh great I don't know we don't eat seafood much hardly ever cuz I don't like it interviewer: what's something that it's got a a real thin shell you could eat it boiled or fried or 779: #1 a real # interviewer: #2 it's # 779: thin shell? interviewer: it's shaped kinda like this it's pretty expensive {D: you should get it} 779: #1 you said # interviewer: #2 fresh # 779: boiled or fried? #1 oysters? # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I said oysters wasn't it interviewer: well something else 779: something else besides oysters? interviewer: it doesn't come in a shell like oysters it's just got the 779: oh shrimp? interviewer: mm-kay #1 if you wanted to # 779: #2 shrimp # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: to buy some you'd ask for several pounds of 779: shrimp interviewer: mm-kay {C: 779 coughs} what about something that you get from a stream it's got claws it's fresh water 779: crab interviewer: or it's something about this big it'd be {D: touching its hooves on the back} 779: oh uh crawfish interviewer: mm-hmm do y'all eat those #1 around here # 779: #2 no # well s- a lot of people do #1 not us # interviewer: #2 {D: not you} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: nuh-uh interviewer: what would you hear making a noise around a lake at night? 779: uh frogs? interviewer: hmm? 779: frogs? interviewer: what different kinds? 779: um maybe rain frogs? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: and uh I don't know rain frogs is the only kind interviewer: what do rain frogs look like? {D: how do they} 779: #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: know that I've ever actually seen one but I've just got an idea in my mind there a big ol' frog just a great big frog interviewer: what do you call the real big frogs that are at the lake {D: in the} 779: at the lake? interviewer: uh-huh have a real big throat 779: oh oh I don't know #1 um # interviewer: #2 do you ever hear # bull- 779: yeah bullfrogs interviewer: what about the tiny ones that get up in the trees? 779: I don't know interviewer: and the ones that stay on land little brown ones 779: I don't know what they're #1 called # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you'd see it just hopping around in a garden or something round and about {D: maybe barking} 779: I don't know what they're #1 called # interviewer: #2 well # do you ever hear 'em called toad frog or 779: #1 oh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: toad frogs yeah toad frogs interviewer: mm-kay if you wanted to go fishing what might you take out to go fishing with? 779: worms interviewer: are there different kinds of worms or? 779: uh well yeah earthworms and and uh I don't know I know there is {C: laughing} different kinds interviewer: mm-kay 779: there's earthworms interviewer: what about a small fish you can use for bait? 779: a small fish? a minnow interviewer: hmm? 779: a minnow interviewer: mm-kay and a hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell 779: a turtle interviewer: what different kinds are there? 779: uh snapping turtles and I think just regular old turtles interviewer: are they on {C: informant laughing} land or water or what? 779: well some of 'em are in the water and some of some are land turtles aren't they and some are in the water interviewer: any special name for turtles that just stay on land? 779: uh I can't think interviewer: do you ever hear terrapin or cooter? 779: terrapin interviewer: hmm? 779: terrapin? interviewer: what about gopher? do you ever hear 779: #1 mm-mm # interviewer: #2 that # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and kind of insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into the light? 779: an insect uh uh light bugs interviewer: mm-kay and what eats holes in your wool clothes? 779: oh uh moths? interviewer: mm-kay then talking about just one of those you'd talk about 779: a moth interviewer: hmm? 779: a moth interviewer: and an insect that has a light in its tail 779: oh uh aw shoot we used to catch 'em uh we called 'em lightning bugs {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay what kinds of insects will sting you? 779: uh bees bumblebees wasp interviewer: what about the ones that {D: has a hand slung too} 779: has a nest? uh interviewer: what's supposed to sting you really bad? 779: hornets? interviewer: do they have those around here? 779: hornets {C: mumbles} uh no if we do I you know I haven't seen any around here there may be some but I don't I haven't seen any hornets nest interviewer: just a second what's something that's yellow and black striped? that it's kinda like {D: a big ear wasp} 779: yellow and black striped? you're not talking about a caterpillar? #1 it's kinda # interviewer: #2 well # 779: like a wasp? interviewer: what about a yellow? yellow jacket? 779: a yellow jacket? interviewer: uh-huh where do they build their nests? 779: yellow jackets um where do they build 'em? uh well we had one in our garage one time sometimes they build 'em up under the eaves of the house interviewer: mm-hmm 779: you know and uh in the garage up in the the attic part of the garage interviewer: what about um something that builds a nest out of dirt or mud 779: a dirt dauber interviewer: mm-kay do they sting? 779: I don't believe interviewer: and this is like {D: our thinking} now you mentioned before uh it's got it'd be around a lake or around water um it's got real shiny wings two pairs of shiny wings 779: butterflies interviewer: and what's something that um bites you and and it carries malaria 779: mosquitoes interviewer: and something that's supposed to eat the mosquitoes 779: something that eats mosquitoes? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 something # that it's got two pairs of real shiny sort of transparent wings 779: that eats mosquitoes oo um interviewer: do you ever hear of a dragonfly or? 779: yeah interviewer: hmm? 779: yeah {C: mic bump} interviewer: what would you call that? 779: well I'd call 'em dragonflies interviewer: do you ever hear any other names for 779: mosquito hawks interviewer: mm-kay and the little insect that gets on your skin if you go through the woods? tiny little 779: red bugs interviewer: mm-kay any other name for them? 779: chiggers {C: laughing} interviewer: what would most people around here 779: red bugs interviewer: and something that hops around in the grass? 779: that hops around in the #1 grass? # interviewer: #2 yeah a # little green thing green insect 779: green oh a grasshopper? interviewer: have you ever heard them called a hoppergrass? 779: uh-uh who calls 'em that? {C: laughing} that's funny huh-uh hmm interviewer: um if something say if you hadn't cleaned a room in a while up in the ceiling or in the corner you might find a 779: spider interviewer: mm-kay what they would have built would be a 779: spiderweb interviewer: would you call it a spiderweb whether it's outside or inside? 779: uh well it depends on what kind of web it was interviewer: what do you mean? 779: well like uh some people say cobweb well it could be a cobweb inside too interviewer: whether it's a would you call it what do you think of of cobweb and {D: thing} 779: a spiderweb interviewer: would there be a spider living in it or 779: well it could be interviewer: mm-kay 779: #1 not # interviewer: #2 either # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: not necessarily no interviewer: and the part of the tree that grows under the ground is called the 779: the roots interviewer: do you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines {D: for motherhood} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: do you remember what any of them are? 779: uh well you mean like they're called herbs? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: do I remember of 'em are? um now rhubarb is made in pies that's not um oh let's see and now I can't remember what any of 'em are interviewer: and the kind of tree that you tap for syrup would be called a 779: the kind you tap for syrup uh well maple there's interviewer: what would you call a big group of those grown together 779: hmm an orchard? interviewer: mm-kay what different kinds of trees grow around here? 779: uh oak trees pecan trees um hickory nut trees um let's see oh we have uh these catalpa trees {C: pronounced catobler} I don't know if they are or not but they have big ol' worms in 'em um we have a lot of oak trees we have pine trees uh oh gee gosh I don't know we've got so many interviewer: what's a kind of tree that it's got a it's a shady tree it's got white scaly bark you can sort of peel off? {D: it's got little moth-ly balls on 'em} 779: oh it's white? {D: and this} interviewer: kinda whitish bark 779: my grandmother's got one in her front yard it's got it grows little balls wait that's not a certain type of oak tree interviewer: do you ever hear of a sick 779: sycamore yeah {C: overlap} interviewer: grow around here? 779: mm-hmm that it it's got a stem and it's got a ball on the end of it that's a sycamore right? interviewer: what about the kind of tree George Washington cut down? 779: cherry tree interviewer: and k- uh tree that's a symbol of the south big white flowers and 779: uh magnolia interviewer: do you ever hear that called a cucumber or a cowcumber tree 779: mm-mm interviewer: and something in a flowering bush that's got pink and white flowers on it blooms in late spring 779: pink and white? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: um it's not roses {D: just too many} um oh fiddle I know what you're talking about I think it's like a it looks like a rose interviewer: do you ever hear of rhododendron or {D: mountain law} 779: yeah but that's not what I was thinking of yeah I've heard of it interviewer: what have you heard it called? 779: uh the one I'm thinking of I can't think of it uh I've heard of rhododendrons but that's not what I was thinking of interviewer: do rhododendrons grow around here? 779: yeah interviewer: is there anything else similar to a rhododendron? maybe smaller 779: um well I don't know probably so uh I don't know I guess there is but I can't think of it interviewer: do you ever hear of anything called {D: spogler or spooner} 779: nuh-uh interviewer: and a kind of a shrub that's got clusters of berries on and it's the leaves turn bright red in the fall 779: mm interviewer: might grow next to the side of a fence 779: uh oh gracious god you said red berries and my neighbor's got one right back there uh I can't think of what those things are called interviewer: do you ever hear of sumac or shoemake? 779: I've heard of sumac interviewer: does that grow around here? 779: I don't know what it is interviewer: what kinds of um berries grow around here? 779: what kind of berries uh well blackberries uh I guess they have strawberries out on the farms interviewer: what's a #1 berry # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: that um I don't think it grows around here but a lot of times you can find things flavored with this? 779: blueberries interviewer: {D: plus} {D: the berries are having less surface and some of them} red and some grow in black starts with an R 779: raspberry interviewer: do they grow here? 779: I don't think so I haven't if they do I haven't seen 'em interviewer: say if you saw some berries and didn't know what kind they were you'd tell someone you better not eat those they might be 779: poison interviewer: and what kinds of bushes or vines will make your skin break out? if you touch 'em 779: poison ivy poison oak interviewer: how do you recognize 'em? 779: by their leaves interviewer: what does poison ivy look like? 779: poison ivy oo gosh is it the one's got three leaves? interviewer: mm-kay what about poison oak? 779: mm uh I can't remember interviewer: are you allergic at all? 779: nuh-uh not allergic to anything {C: laughs} interviewer: say if um a married woman didn't wanna make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask 779: my husband interviewer: and he would say referring to her I have to ask 779: my wife interviewer: any joking ways they'd refer to each other? 779: any what? interviewer: any joking ways that they would refer to each other? 779: uh yeah probably {C: laughing} interviewer: uh would you ever say anything besides my husband? would you ever 779: um if I was talking to somebody else I would {C: laughing} uh well I know some people say my old man but I don't say that interviewer: how does that sound? to you? 779: that doesn't sound very nice to me interviewer: and a woman whose husband is dead is called a 779: a woman whose husband is dead? interviewer: uh-huh #1 she's a # 779: #2 wi- # a widow interviewer: what if he just left her? then she'd be a 779: if he just left her? um he just left her but he was not dead interviewer: uh-huh or if they're divorced she would be a 779: if they're divorced she'd be a divorcée interviewer: do you ever hear grass widow? 779: yes uh now if he just leaves her then she'd be a that's a grass widow? interviewer: is that what you'd call {X} 779: well I hadn't I didn't think of grass widow but I I have heard of interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 it # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # yeah interviewer: the man whose child you are he's your 779: your father interviewer: and his wife is your 779: mother interviewer: and together they're your 779: children I'm I'm not following #1 you right # interviewer: #2 {X} # your father and mother together are called your 779: parents interviewer: what did you call your father? what did you call your mother? what did you call 'em? 779: I'd call 'em my daddy and my mother interviewer: mm-kay any thing else you'd call your mother? {X} 779: momma sometimes interviewer: and your father's father would be your 779: my father's father would be my grandfather interviewer: and his wife would be your 779: grandmother interviewer: what do people call their grandmother and their grandfather? 779: grandma and grandpa interviewer: mm-kay anything else? 779: uh well you got a lotta special names for 'em like my kids call my my mother gaga interviewer: how did they get that name? 779: the only thing I can think about is they tried to say grandmother when they were babies and it came out gaga {C: laughing} interviewer: um you'd say I was the youngest of five 779: children interviewer: anything else you'd say besides children? 779: mm uh no nothing I would say interviewer: what about kids? or {D: chass} 779: #1 well kids {C: overlap} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: you could say kids yeah interviewer: do you ever hear {D: chass} or younglings? 779: uh yeah interviewer: which one would you hear? 779: I w- well I've heard of both of 'em but I've I've never you know really heard people refer to 'em in {D: sat way} I'd say kids myself or children interviewer: and a name that a child's known by just in his family do you call that a 779: now what interviewer: a name that a child is known by just in his family would be a do you ever hear of a pet name or {D: basket name} 779: a pet name #1 never heard basket # interviewer: #2 what would as an example of a pet name be # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: um oh I've got a lot of names for my kids um oo gosh I really don't I can't even think um I don't know interviewer: and something on wheels that you could put a baby {D: in the middle of down} would be called a 779: that you can put a baby in? interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 it's # got wheels? a buggy interviewer: you put the baby in the buggy and you go out and 779: stroll it interviewer: and if you had two children you might have a son and a 779: daughter interviewer: or a boy and a 779: girl interviewer: and and the boy has the same color hair line as his father has and the same shape nose you'd say that he 779: he has his father's features interviewer: what if he has the same mannerisms and behaviors you'd say he #1 what # 779: #2 has # the same personality interviewer: do you ever say he favors or takes after 779: mm-hmm favors him I'd say that favors him takes after interviewer: which what do they refer to? looks or behavior or what 779: you mean when I said that what was I referring to? uh well mainly looks cuz my kids don't act like their daddy mainly looks interviewer: favors and takes after mean the same? 779: well no not necessarily cuz if you said takes after that would to me that would uh mean you know he acted interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 779: #2 like # his father interviewer: and if Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob 779: if Bob is #1 what now # interviewer: #2 if # he's taller you'd say he 779: Bob has grown? interviewer: or in one year he 779: grew? interviewer: and if a woman's looked after three children 'til they're grown you'd say she has 779: raised three children interviewer: and the child's misbehaving you'd tell him if you do that again you're gonna get a 779: spanking interviewer: what else could you say? 779: a whipping interviewer: what's the difference? 779: no difference to me #1 really # interviewer: #2 are # they both done with your hand or with a belt or 779: well I usually spank with my hand sometimes with a switch and I have tapped 'em with a belt {C: laughing} interviewer: mm-kay um if a woman is gonna have a child you'd say she's 779: pregnant interviewer: do people used to use that word when you were growing up? would it sound alright to say? 779: uh if they used it they were rather careful because I don't remember hearing it too much when I was a child interviewer: what did you hear when you were a child? what would you 779: mostly they would say she's going to have a baby you know about like that interviewer: any joking ways of saying that? 779: uh interviewer: or vulgar ways that you've heard? 779: well uh no I'm sure there is but I haven't heard 'em interviewer: did you ever hear people say {D: sunk what} she's big 779: yeah interviewer: how does that sound? 779: well really I don't know interviewer: {D: well it's referring to for me phrasing} 779: yeah just to say that she's big interviewer: uh-huh 779: well I don't know uh it didn't sound really bad you know interviewer: say if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you could send for would be a 779: midwife interviewer: and a child that's born to a woman that's not married would be called a 779: illegitimate interviewer: or you'd call the child a what 779: a bastard interviewer: how does that sound? 779: terrible interviewer: any other anything else you could say besides a bastard that maybe sounded a little better? 779: um interviewer: besides illegitimate 779: well you could just say it was born out of wedlock interviewer: what about a um bush child or a um woods cult or 779: #1 never heard that # interviewer: #2 {D: bog pulse baby} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I never heard that interviewer: and you'd say Jane is a loving child but Peggy is even 779: Jane is a loving child interviewer: but Peggy is even 779: more loving interviewer: and your brother's son would be your 779: my my brother's son would be my nephew interviewer: and a child that's lost both parents would be a 779: an orphan interviewer: and the person who's supposed to look after him would be his legal 779: guardian interviewer: and if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my 779: relatives interviewer: mm-kay what else could you say besides relatives? 779: um kin people #1 or folks # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you'd say she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no 779: relation interviewer: and someone who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before he's called a 779: stranger interviewer: what if he comes from a different country? 779: an alien interviewer: mm-kay and a woman who conducts school is called a 779: a schoolteacher? interviewer: any special names for a woman teacher? 779: um well I don't know if this would be special but you mean like instructors or interviewer: mm-kay and did you ever hear schoolmarm or anything like that? 779: school what? interviewer: schoolmarm 779: nuh-uh interviewer: and a preacher that's not very well trained just sort of preaches here and there and he's not very good at preaching you'd call him a 779: um uneducated interviewer: what about a carpenter if he's not very good at building things? 779: an apprentice? interviewer: did you ever hear of {D: jack row} 779: no interviewer: and did you ever hear of {D: shake tree or} yard-ax 779: referring to the carpenter? interviewer: uh-huh or a mechanic or anything and do you remember what they used to call a barrel maker? 779: no interviewer: or are you familiar with if someone's last name the name cooper or cooper {C: second pronunciation like foot} 779: mm-hmm interviewer: what would you call a married woman with that last name? she'd be 779: what would I call her? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: if her last name was C-O-O-P-E-R? #1 I would # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: call her cooper {C: pronunciation like foot} interviewer: and or she's married she'd be 779: oh missus cooper {C: foot pronunciation} interviewer: and {D: the um} name of the mother of Jesus 779: Mary interviewer: and George Washington's wife 779: uh Martha interviewer: and do you remember a song that started off wait 'til the sun shines 779: Nellie interviewer: and a male goat is called a 779: male goat a ram interviewer: or a nickname for William is 779: Bill interviewer: or add a Y to that 779: Billy interviewer: mm-kay and the first book in the New Testament 779: Genesis oh in the New Testament oh I'm sorry oh gosh the first book in the New Testament uh it's not Matthew interviewer: mm-kay 779: is it {C: laughing} {C: laughing} interviewer: and 779: I'm not sure interviewer: the um name of the wife of Abraham 779: uh Sarah? interviewer: and a boy nicknamed Bill his full name would be 779: a boy nicknamed Bill interviewer: his full name would be 779: William interviewer: and if your father had a brother by that name you'd call him 779: if my father had a brother we would call him uncle Uncle William interviewer: and President Kennedy's first name was 779: John interviewer: and if your father had a brother by that name 779: we'd call him Uncle John interviewer: and what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 779: now what your mother's sister she would be your aunt interviewer: do you ever hear people say aunt instead of aunt {C: pronunciation as unt then ant} 779: yeah interviewer: how would they say that and how does that sound to you? 779: unlike a sophisticated person interviewer: do you ever hear blacks say aunt instead of aunt? {C: ont then ant} 779: mm-mm interviewer: and the highest rank in the army 779: the highest rank is that a five-star general? interviewer: mm-kay and what's one rank beneath the the general would be a 779: uh a colonel? interviewer: and the person in charge of a ship is called a 779: uh in charge of a ship uh interviewer: {X} 779: yeah uh oh I know but I can't think mm interviewer: what about the head of a football team? 779: captain interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear the word captain used like to call a man you work for captain? or anything like that? 779: did I hear what now interviewer: did you ever hear the word captain used in other situations? for example calling the person you work for captain or as a sort of an honorary title? 779: well I think it's sort of an honorary thing you know interviewer: how would you hear it used? 779: uh you mean besides captain of a football #1 team or # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: captain of a ship? uh well for instance uh I watch a T-V show and this guy is a they call him a captain of this restaurant interviewer: what about um blacks calling the man that they work for captain do you ever hear that? 779: no I don't believe {C: mumbling} interviewer: and the person who presides over the court is called the 779: judge interviewer: and a person who goes to school 779: a student interviewer: and a woman who works in an office and {D: does supply things stuff for it} would be 779: a secretary interviewer: hmm? 779: a secretary? interviewer: and a man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a 779: actress interviewer: and if you're born in the United States you'd say your nationality is 779: an American interviewer: mm-kay and what different names for blacks are there? 779: negroes colored interviewer: what was common when you were growing up? what was 779: colored colored people interviewer: did you ever hear any joking terms or derogatory terms? 779: well yes I don't know if I can remember any uh well I've heard 'em called niggers interviewer: mm-hmm do you hear that these days? 779: not too much you'd better be careful if you do {C: laughing} if you say it interviewer: what other terms? 779: um that's about all I can think of #1 where # interviewer: #2 what would you # call someone of your race would be 779: white or a Caucasian interviewer: any insulting names for whites? 779: mm there probably is I don't know of any interviewer: what about a child that's born with one parent black and the other parent white? you'd call that child a 779: um half-breed? interviewer: mm-kay any other names for 779: um oh I don't know there probably there is I think but I can't I don't know 'em interviewer: what would you call a real light-skinned negro? 779: um a mulatto? interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear yellow? 779: a yellow negro? interviewer: uh-huh 779: no mm-mm interviewer: and what did blacks used to call the the whites that they worked for 779: um what did they call 'em? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh well they would usually call 'em miss so and so or well you know interviewer: what would you call a older black that you respected a lot when you were growing up 779: uh I would have probably called 'em mister so and so or missus so and so interviewer: what about aunt or uncle? did you hear that around here? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and white people that you look down on they don't try to work or do anything for themselves 779: poor white trash interviewer: mm-kay is that a word that blacks would use too? 779: yes that's right interviewer: any other names for poor white trash? 779: um I don't know I don't believe interviewer: what about someone the French people in south Louisiana what are they called? 779: uh Cajuns interviewer: any other name? 779: um I don't know interviewer: what about coon? 779: yeah coons {C: laughing} {C: laughing} I don't know is that #1 is that a word # interviewer: #2 {D: did you ever hear coonan} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: yes interviewer: how does that sound? 779: bad {C: laughing} interviewer: and someone who lives way out in the country and doesn't get into town much and when he does come to town you can just look at him and tell instantly that he's from way out in the country you'd call him a 779: country hick interviewer: mm-kay anything else you could call him? 779: um well let me see country hick or I can't think of anything else interviewer: what about cracker or hillbilly or? 779: a hillbilly yeah I never heard of cracker a hillbilly interviewer: and say if you look at if you're at a party and you look at your watch and see that it's around eleven thirty or so you'd say well we better be getting home it's what midnight 779: you'd say if it's around eleven #1 thirty? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you'd say it's not quite midnight yet but it's 779: it's almost midnight? interviewer: do you ever say it's pretty near or {D: well nigh} 779: pretty near interviewer: hmm? 779: pretty near interviewer: and if you were walking and it's kind of icy you'd say well I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I 779: almost fell? interviewer: or I liked to 779: have fallen interviewer: {D: say that the top} 779: I liked to have fallen interviewer: is that would you say that word much is that 779: well yeah I do say it interviewer: and if someone's waiting for you to get ready so you can go somewhere calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon you'd say I'll be with you in 779: a little while? interviewer: or in 779: a few minutes interviewer: or if you're almost ready you'd say I'll be with you in {D: what E} what 779: ten minutes? interviewer: and say if um you had a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go what somebody else? 779: ask somebody else interviewer: so then I went and 779: asked interviewer: and you'd say you're the second person who has 779: asked me interviewer: and you'd say he {D: ran down a stream horde and} {D: what newer} to the water 779: dove interviewer: and several children have 779: dived interviewer: that kid was too scared to 779: dive interviewer: and if you dive and then hit the water flat you'd call that a 779: belly buster interviewer: mm-kay um and if a child puts her head on the ground and rolls over she turns a 779: somersault? interviewer: and you'd say um he got in the water and what across 779: swam interviewer: and um I have never what all the way across the lake? I have never 779: swum? interviewer: mm-kay and children like to 779: swim interviewer: and if you don't know how to swim and you get in the water you might 779: drowned interviewer: and yesterday somebody 779: drowned interviewer: and when I pulled him out he had already 779: he already drowned? interviewer: mm-kay and if you wanna know how frequently I go into town you might ask me how 779: how many times interviewer: or how what do you go to town? how 779: how often? interviewer: and say a friend of yours says that he's not gonna do something like he's not gonna vote for that guy and you're not planning to you'd say well me you agree with him you'd say 779: well I'm not going to vote for him? interviewer: mm-kay or say if um if I offered you a choice of two things and asked you which one you want you might say it doesn't matter just give me 779: either one interviewer: and you'd say um this part of my head is called my 779: forehead interviewer: and this is my 779: hair interviewer: and on a man hair here would be a 779: beard interviewer: and you'd say this is your 779: ear interviewer: which one? 779: left interviewer: huh? 779: left interviewer: say the whole thing it's your 779: left ear interviewer: and this is your 779: right ear interviewer: and this is the 779: mouth interviewer: and 779: neck interviewer: and this part 779: you mean right here? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: um adam's apple interviewer: any other names for that? 779: adam's apple? uh #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 and # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 I can't think # interviewer: #2 if someone has a # cold they might have a sore 779: throat interviewer: #1 do you ever hear # 779: #2 oh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # interviewer: #1 huh # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # nothing interviewer: what about goozle? do you ever hear that? 779: yeah I've heard of it interviewer: how do people use that? 779: uh well sometimes it's just in in um referring to their throat you know I guess interviewer: they call it 779: call it a goozle interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: funny interviewer: and these would be your 779: teeth interviewer: and one 779: tooth interviewer: and the flesh around your teeth 779: is your gums interviewer: and this is one 779: left hand interviewer: two 779: hands interviewer: and this is the 779: palm interviewer: and this is one 779: fist interviewer: two 779: fists interviewer: and a place where the bones come together is a 779: joint interviewer: and say if I get down in this position you'd say I 779: squat interviewer: any other way of saying that? 779: stoop? interviewer: and what would you you'd say this is {X} {X} 779: you mean from bottom to top? interviewer: yeah is your 779: leg interviewer: what do you call this back part of your leg? 779: mm oh your thigh? interviewer: do you ever hear of hunkers or haunches? 779: I've heard of haunches {D: but it doesn't sound pretty} interviewer: what do you think of haunches as? or what have you heard it how have you heard that 779: I thought it was more of this interviewer: mm-kay do you ever hear people say down on your haunches 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 or # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # hmm? 779: yeah I've #1 heard that # interviewer: #2 how would # how would you say that? 779: I'd just say uh they're sitting on their haunches or something like that interviewer: and this sensitive bone here is the 779: shin interviewer: and this is your 779: foot interviewer: and you have two 779: feet interviewer: and on a man this is his 779: chest interviewer: and these are the 779: shoulders interviewer: and say someone had been sick for a while you'd say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 779: peaked {C: pronounced with two syllables} interviewer: and someone who's in good shape you'd say he's big and 779: strong? interviewer: what if he's gained a little bit overweight? you'd say he's 779: getting fat interviewer: would you ever call him stout? 779: stout yeah interviewer: what does stout mean? 779: uh well it just means um a big robust looking person interviewer: does do you have the idea that the person's getting overweight or what 779: #1 well yes # interviewer: #2 {D: he's} # 779: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 {D: built} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I I I would say so interviewer: would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that's turning bad? 779: not me interviewer: and um someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper you'd say he's 779: uh cheerful? interviewer: mm-kay and someone like a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs 779: lanky interviewer: what if he's always stumbling and dropping 779: #1 clumsy # interviewer: #2 things # huh? 779: clumsy interviewer: mm-kay and if a person keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you'd say he's just a plain 779: keeps doing things that don't make any sense um oh oh uh stupid? interviewer: what about a fool? would you ever call him fool? 779: well I wouldn't interviewer: how would you hear that word? 779: well people do call other people fools you know interviewer: does that sound really wronger to you or something or 779: well it's just a word that I was never allowed to say as a child and I've just never grown up using it interviewer: do you associate that with the bible {D: Genesis} 779: yeah I do interviewer: and a person that has a whole lot of money but really hangs on to his money? 779: um I can't think of the word {C: laughing} um a spendthrift? is that or is this the other way? {C: laughter} {D: no it's to men on the back to think of it} oh what word do you want interviewer: do you ever hear skinflint or 779: #1 skinflint # interviewer: #2 tightwad? # 779: yeah yeah a tightwad and a skinflint that's what I was trying to think of was a tightwad interviewer: when you say that a person is {D: tolerant} what does that mean? 779: um uh well it means that to me it means uh you know they're they're just uh uh they don't have any morals interviewer: it's insulting? 779: yeah interviewer: what if you say that a girl is {D: collard} what would that mean? 779: well that she uh didn't have many morals and you know she was just rather loose interviewer: would that refer more to sexual behavior with the same kind of girl? 779: {D: tollem} yeah it would to me interviewer: what would you say about an old person who gets around real well and doesn't have a lot of energy but can do all their work and 779: #1 spry? # interviewer: #2 everything # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: spry? interviewer: mm-kay say if your children are out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 779: worried interviewer: or a little 779: afraid? interviewer: or you'd say you wouldn't feel easy about it you'd say you felt 779: ill at ease interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say um oh they'll be home all right just don't 779: worry interviewer: and a child might say I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark I'm 779: afraid interviewer: what else would he 779: #1 scared # interviewer: #2 say # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and you'd say um I don't see why she's scared now she if she had never been scared before you'd say she 779: she has never been afraid before? interviewer: what if or use an expression used to be you'd say she 779: that she used to be she has never been scared before? interviewer: what's the opposite of used to be? 779: of used to be? used not to be interviewer: mm-kay and someone who leaves money on the table and goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door you'd say he's {D: mining} what would be 779: um oh dear I know it um what's the word? um I know exactly what you want I think but I cannot think of it uh trustworthy? interviewer: mm-kay or you'd say he shouldn't be so 779: um interviewer: if he just leaves it lying around where anyone could steal it 779: careless interviewer: huh? 779: careless? interviewer: mm-kay he said there's nothing really wrong with that lady but sometimes she acts kinda 779: uh um senile interviewer: or she acts kind of peculiar you'd say she acts a little 779: strange? interviewer: what about queer or {D: queer} {C: pronounced 'quar'} 779: queer she acts a little queer interviewer: what would that mean? 779: strange interviewer: okay does that #1 word change meaning # 779: #2 peculiar # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # queer? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: well uh it depends on how you use it I mean you gotta be careful how you use it nowadays interviewer: what would it mean nowadays? 779: well if you call somebody a queer nowadays it would mean they were a homosexual wouldn't it interviewer: is that has that word always meant that? has has queer always meant 779: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 homosexual # since you were growing up 779: well I don't really know if it if it meant that when I was growing up uh I never knew it interviewer: just in the past few years? 779: yeah in the past few years it's it's really you know when I've heard of it meaning a homosexual interviewer: what would you say about someone that makes up their own lines and then you can't argue with him he's gonna do things his way 779: #1 stubborn # interviewer: #2 {D: and he} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: stubborn interviewer: mm-kay anything else you could 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 say # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: hardheaded interviewer: what about someone that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? just with any little #1 thing # 779: #2 um # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # not hardboiled uh oh gracious interviewer: say if something had happened to embarrass him you'd say well you'd better not tease him about that {D: because on that stuff he's still a little bit} 779: tou- uh not touchy interviewer: mm-kay 779: he's interviewer: say if he lost his temper what would you say about him he got really 779: mad interviewer: and if someone's about to lose their temper you might tell 'em now just just keep 779: um keep your temper? interviewer: mm-kay and say if you'd been working very hard you'd say you were very 779: tired interviewer: what else could you say? 779: um worn out interviewer: and if a person had been well and suddenly you hear that they've gotten a disease you'd say well yesterday they were fine {D: it moths been day} 779: got sick interviewer: and if a person went out in bad weather and came in with sneezing and everything you'd say he went out in the rain and he 779: caught a cold interviewer: and if he couldn't talk right he sounded a little 779: oh hoarse interviewer: {D: and if he} 779: cough interviewer: and say if you um if you were taking a trip somewhere and you had a lot of little kids in the car and they kept bugging you asking for when you were gonna get there and were they there yet and you'd say well we'll be there 779: in a little while interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say by and by or anything like that? 779: mm just joking you know just joking with 'em I might say uh by and by interviewer: mm-kay how does that sound to you by and by? 779: well I don't know it it's I don't use it very much you know like I said I I usually just say something to 'em like that you know #1 joking 'em joking with 'em # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 I would # interviewer: #2 say # 779: say I would really say in a little while interviewer: mm-hmm say if um if you normally went to bed at say ten o'clock and you stayed up one night until one o'clock {D: bite} by about one you'd be feeling really 779: now what interviewer: #1 if # 779: #2 uh # interviewer: if you stay up way past your bedtime you would be feeling pretty 779: sleepy interviewer: and you'd say um at six o'clock in the morning I'll do what 779: get up interviewer: or before you get up you have to 779: wake up interviewer: and you'd say he's still sleeping we'd better go in there and 779: wake him interviewer: and someone who can't hear anything at all you'd say they're completely 779: deaf interviewer: and if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I 779: perspired interviewer: or how much I 779: sweated interviewer: and a sore that comes to a head is called a 779: a boil interviewer: and the stuff that drains out 779: puss interviewer: and what about from a blister? the stuff that drains out is 779: uh just water? interviewer: and if a person got shot or stabbed you'd have to get a doctor to look at the 779: wound interviewer: and sometimes when a wound won't heal back right it get sort of a skinless growth over it you'd call that 779: mm infection? interviewer: or did you ever hear it called some kind of flesh? 779: mm no I don't believe interviewer: did you ever hear proud flesh? 779: oh yeah yeah interviewer: what 779: well yeah uh just like you were talking about you know if it doesn't heal interviewer: uh-huh 779: and it's just kinda like raw flesh interviewer: and you call it 779: proud flesh interviewer: what do you ha- how do you take care of that? {X} 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: gee you have to go to the doctor {C: laughing} interviewer: did you ever have that? 779: no interviewer: what's a uh medicine you could put on a little cut? 779: uh iodine interviewer: and a real bitter medicine people used to take 779: real bitter? quinine interviewer: and something that um say if a person was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he 779: he didn't recover he died interviewer: any other ways of saying died? 779: um he expired interviewer: mm-kay what about a a joking way of saying that or {D: come the truce} 779: uh I don't know interviewer: did you ever hear kicked the 779: kicked the bucket? {C: laughing} #1 yeah {C: overlap} # interviewer: #2 how does that sound? # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: well to talk about a dead person that doesn't sound too good interviewer: and you'd say he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died 779: from interviewer: and a place where people are buried? 779: cemetery interviewer: any other names for that? 779: um graveyard interviewer: and what they put the body in 779: well they put 'em in different things mausoleums uh graves interviewer: well what's the body laid out in 779: #1 casket # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # any other name for casket? 779: uh tomb? interviewer: and is that the same? 779: not really is it? I don't think interviewer: when he died everybody went to the 779: funeral interviewer: and if people are dressed in black you'd say that they're in 779: mourning interviewer: and say on an average sort of day someone asked you how you were feeling you'd say oh I'm 779: fine interviewer: and when you're getting old and your joints start hurting you call that 779: arthritis interviewer: any other names for that? 779: uh bursitis um now there is another one now what is it arthritis and bursitis #1 uh # interviewer: #2 what about # a disease that children used to get they'd choke up 779: used to get interviewer: or what are some of the things your children are vaccinated against 779: oh smallpox um interviewer: {D: polio} 779: smallpox polio tetanus diphtheria interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear of anyone getting diphtheria? around here? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and a disease where your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 779: uh a disease um that liver liver deal um what in the world is that {C: mic bump} uh hepatitis interviewer: well what I think it's it's related to that but it's 779: yellow jaundice? interviewer: mm-kay and when you have a pain down here and have to have an operation 779: appendicitis interviewer: did you ever hear any old fashioned name for that? 779: mm no I don't believe interviewer: and say if a if you ate something and it didn't agree with you and it came back up you'd say you had to 779: vomit interviewer: any other ways {C: mic bump} of saying that? 779: um upchuck interviewer: how does which sounds better? 779: well neither one sounds too good we usually say vomit interviewer: mm-kay is there any really crude way of saying that? 779: crude? I don't know interviewer: say if a person vomited you'd say he was sick where 779: he's sick in his stomach interviewer: mm-kay 779: yeah interviewer: and say if um your neighbor across the street had gotten some news that was really exciting you'd say um as soon as she got the news she came over here she came over why 779: to tell me the news interviewer: and if a boy is spending a lot of time with a girl like he was seriously interested in her you'd say that he was 779: serious about her? interviewer: mm-kay or he's doing what? 779: I would say he's in love with her interviewer: would you ever {C: informant coughs} say he's courting her? 779: courting her yeah interviewer: do you hear that nowadays? 779: not too much interviewer: what would you hear? 779: uh you would probably hear that he's serious about her interviewer: and he would be called her 779: her boyfriend interviewer: and she would be his 779: girlfriend interviewer: any old fashioned names for boyfriend or girlfriend? 779: uh I'm sure there is but I don't know 'em interviewer: say if #1 a boy # 779: #2 um # interviewer: came home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say he had been 779: smooching interviewer: any other way of saying that? 779: kissing? interviewer: and when a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her you'd say she 779: I don't interviewer: did what do him? she 779: oh what's that word uh I know now she quit seeing him um uh I know the word but I cannot say it interviewer: what about um he asked her to marry her but she 779: turned him down interviewer: mm-kay and they were engaged and all of a sudden she 779: broke off #1 or broke up # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um if she didn't break up you'd say they went ahead and got 779: married interviewer: any joking ways of saying got married? 779: got hitched interviewer: mm-kay how does that sound? 779: well it doesn't sound too good interviewer: do you ever hear jumped the broomstick? 779: no interviewer: and at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom he's called a 779: a groomsman interviewer: what about the woman that stands over with the bride? #1 she's {C: overlap} # 779: #2 maid of # honor interviewer: and what else do 779: matron of honor? interviewer: mm-hmm and she might have several 779: bridesmaids interviewer: and a long time ago if people in the community would get married other people would come around their house that night and make a lot of noise they'd call that a 779: um interviewer: did you ever hear #1 did you ever hear of something like that # 779: #2 I don't uh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I've heard of 'em getting the groom and taking him off that was after they were married #1 though # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what what what would they do 779: well if uh now like I saw this show and they came and got the groom they had just been married you know for a few hours and they'd gotten to the place where they were gonna stay and a bunch of his boyfriends came and got him and carried him out into the woods and left him {C: laughing} and he didn't have any way back he didn't even know where he was it was pitch dark and interviewer: would there be a special name for the kind of a thing like that 779: uh yeah but I can't think interviewer: did you ever hear of serenade or shivaree 779: huh-uh neither one of those I think they called it something on this show but I cannot think what they called it interviewer: and how would you use the words up or down or over talking about location like you'd say last week I saw 'em what Texarkana 779: I would say over in over in Texarkana interviewer: mm-kay why would you say over? 779: well cuz because uh to me it's not up interviewer: what would up be? 779: #1 it's not down # interviewer: #2 what to you # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: well to me up would be would be uh up north interviewer: mm-kay what what about if you're talking about New Orleans? {D: you'd say I'm following} 779: down interviewer: hmm? 779: I would say down down in New Orleans interviewer: and what about Dallas? 779: I would say over interviewer: mm-kay and say if there was trouble in a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the 779: the whole bunch? interviewer: mm-kay and say if um if he said um there was some cake or something and he said he was gonna get some and you wanted to know about yourself you'd ask well going to get some? how would you ask that? 779: n- n- now I didn't understand the question really he w- he was #1 what now he was going # interviewer: #2 if he's # gonna get him some cake you wanna know whether you can have some you'd ask 779: can I have some cake or? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say um I think that's right but I'm not 779: sure interviewer: and something that you do every day if I ask you do the do you do it often you'd say yes I 779: do it frequently interviewer: and if you wanted to ask me whether he does that sort of thing you'd ask me 779: does he do it? interviewer: mm-kay and I'd say um I don't smoke but he 779: he does interviewer: and you'd say um I don't know if he did that or not but people 779: think he did? interviewer: mm-kay and say if I ask you um when are y'all going to um to Dallas you might say well right now we're what to go next week? we're 779: planning interviewer: anything else you could say besides planning? 779: um expecting interviewer: what about fixing or aiming? 779: fixing interviewer: uh-huh #1 how would you use fixing? # 779: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # well um I wouldn't say we're fixing to go next well interviewer: does fixing mean sort of immediately or 779: well it it would mean more like immediately I guess to me interviewer: what about aiming? would you ever use 779: no interviewer: and say if there was something bad that you expected to happen like a child's walking along the top of a fence and you had expected him to fall off and hurt himself then someone comes running and tells you he's fallen off you'd say well I just 779: #1 knew he would # interviewer: #2 what # huh? 779: knew he would? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say he wasn't actually gonna hit his little brother but he doubled up his fist and he what he was gonna hit him? 779: he what he wh- #1 he what he was gonna hi- # interviewer: #2 he he doubled # up his fist and he 779: he socked him interviewer: but he didn't actually hit him but he 779: started to hit him? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say he acted as if or he made out like he was gonna #1 hit him # 779: #2 made out # like yeah I've said that interviewer: and when young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you'd call that a 779: dance interviewer: would you have any special names for a kind of dance that you have at home or an old fashioned dance? 779: um square dance interviewer: mm-kay 779: um ballroom dance dancing interviewer: and say if children get out of school at four oh clock you'd say at four oh clock school 779: is out interviewer: and after vacation children would ask when does school 779: start interviewer: and say a child left home to go to school and didn't show up that day you'd say he 779: skipped school interviewer: mm-kay and you go to school to get 779: an education interviewer: and after high school you might go to 779: college interviewer: and after kindergarten you go into the 779: first grade interviewer: any old fashioned name for first grade? 779: mm I don't know it interviewer: did you ever hear primer? 779: uh I've heard of a book called that but not the first grade interviewer: uh-huh and years ago children sat on benches at school but now they sit at 779: {D: sitting} sit at desks interviewer: mm-kay each child has his own 779: desk interviewer: and if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 779: library interviewer: and to mail a package 779: the post office interviewer: and you stay overnight in a strange town in a 779: hotel #1 or a motel # interviewer: #2 and you'd see # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # huh? 779: or a motel interviewer: and you'd see a play or a movie at a 779: theater interviewer: and if you had to have an operation you'd go into the 779: hospital interviewer: and the woman that'd look after you? 779: nurse interviewer: and you catch a train at the 779: train station #1 depot # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # or you could call that the rail 779: railroad station interviewer: and the open place in the center of town around a courthouse is called a 779: town square interviewer: and say if you had a piece of furniture and it was in the corner but {D: all I can tell is you've got} something square in the corner it's sitting #1 back # 779: #2 mm # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # uh out from the corner interviewer: do you ever say kiddie-cornered or #1 caddy-walled # 779: #2 caddy-cornered # interviewer: huh? 779: caddy-cornered interviewer: mm-kay what about antigodlin? #1 do you ever hear that # 779: #2 yeah I've # heard of that but I don't use it interviewer: you've heard people say 779: yeah antigodlin interviewer: how would they use that? 779: well just like um like that interviewer: how would you use the word caddy cornered? 779: caddy cornered well you could just say like uh the TV is not in the corner but it is sitting caddy cornered interviewer: mm-kay 779: let me check the time just one minute {X} interviewer: um before they had um buses in town they used to have 779: before they had buses? oh trolleys? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd tell the bus driver this next corner is where I 779: get off interviewer: and say um in Caddo Parish Shreveport is the it's where the courthouse is and everything it's the 779: uh interviewer: the what of Caddo Parish 779: Shreveport is the um it's a city? interviewer: mm-kay do you ever say the parish seat or anything 779: #1 well I've heard that yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # would you ever use that? 779: no interviewer: and if you were a postmaster you would be working for the federal 779: government interviewer: and the police in town are supposed to maintain 779: law and order interviewer: and the fight between the North and the South was called the 779: Civil War interviewer: any other names for that? besides Civil War? 779: uh I can't think interviewer: and before they had the electric chair murderers were they had ropes for murderers 779: oh they were hung I thought you said murders #1 were # interviewer: #2 no # 779: murderers were hung interviewer: mm-kay you would say they took the man down and they 779: hung him interviewer: did you ever hear of people doing that around here? 779: no interviewer: I mean a long time ago 779: uh I don't know a long time ago they may have in the jails but I don't know terrible interviewer: going back to that word um caddy-cornered if you were cutting across someone's yard would you say you were walking caddy-cornered or 779: yeah {c: tape fades} interviewer: um {D: these are some things there's a} {D: base and it's of cities} the biggest um city in the country is in 779: the biggest city? uh now you're talk- well you're talking about in the whole world interviewer: well yeah in the United States 779: oh in the United States uh the biggest city interviewer: well what are some northern states 779: well Pennsylvania New York interviewer: mm-kay and Baltimore is in 779: Maryland interviewer: and Boston 779: Massachusetts interviewer: and the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the 779: the states from Maine to #1 Connecticut? # interviewer: #2 yeah # in that section of the country it's 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 the # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: oh I know uh just a minute let me think oh I've gotta um take my time interviewer: did you ever hear New 779: New England states is that right New England states? interviewer: mm-kay 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 what are some # states in the South? 779: um Louisiana Florida uh Texas um isn't Georgia considered South? it's not to me but Georgia interviewer: how do you consider Georgia? 779: uh well I just uh you know heard that it was considered a Southern state but to me it's you know it's getting on pretty far up there um hmm lemme see um uh Mississippi uh well would Mississippi be considered a Southern #1 state? # interviewer: #2 well # just in this you know general area 779: yeah interviewer: what about um Richmond {D: which one is it the} 779: #1 Richmond # interviewer: #2 capital # 779: Virginia? interviewer: mm-kay and Raleigh 779: North Carolina interviewer: and Columbia? 779: Ohi- Ohio? interviewer: {D: no this is} #1 {D: the other one} # 779: #2 oh # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # huh interviewer: just below North Carolina 779: just below North Carolina Columbia uh uh oh #1 what i- # interviewer: #2 well what else # besides North Carolina? 779: oh South Carolina yeah interviewer: and um George Wallace is the governor of 779: Alabama interviewer: and the bluegrass state is 779: Kentucky interviewer: and what's the {D: logan country} {D: with the} {D: the state with the country music} 779: oh Tennessee interviewer: and Little Rock is the capital of 779: Arkansas interviewer: and Tulsa is in 779: Oklahoma interviewer: um you said Tulsa is in 779: Oklahoma interviewer: and the biggest city in Maryland is 779: uh would it be Baltimore? interviewer: mm-kay and the capital of the United States 779: oh Washington, D.C. interviewer: and you said Little Rock was in 779: Arkansas interviewer: what's above Arkansas? 779: above it? interviewer: yeah {X} 779: #1 um # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: oh uh interviewer: {D: it's after the hills} 779: oh uh great I can't even think interviewer: what about Mis- 779: Missouri interviewer: what's the biggest city there? or one of the biggest 779: the biggest city in Missouri um Kansas City interviewer: and what else? 779: what else? interviewer: what about Saint 779: huh? interviewer: you've heard of Saint Lou- 779: oh Saint Louis interviewer: mm-kay 779: Saint Louis interviewer: and one of the old cities in South Carolina 779: oh shoot um let me see in South Carolina oh interviewer: there was a dance with the same name 779: #1 a dance # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh oh um it wouldn't have been the black bottom would it? #1 now I can't think # interviewer: #2 did you ever hear of the Char- # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: Charleston? interviewer: uh-huh 779: yeah interviewer: and 779: yeah interviewer: the city in Illinois 779: Chicago interviewer: hmm? 779: Chicago interviewer: and what are some of the cities in Alabama? 779: um {NS} oh let's see um oh well I know I know some but right now I just can't think interviewer: what's the biggest city in Alabama? 779: uh interviewer: they make steel there 779: steel interviewer: did you ever hear Birm- 779: Birmingham interviewer: have you ever been 779: #1 nuh-uh # interviewer: #2 been there # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: I've never been to Alabama interviewer: what about the um capital of Alabama 779: is it Birmingham? interviewer: well that's the biggest 779: #1 that's # interviewer: #2 city # 779: just the biggest city um interviewer: starts with an M 779: mm oh interviewer: {D: did you ever hear gom-} 779: oh Montgomery interviewer: mm-kay and the one on the gulf {X} 779: oh uh {X} I don't know interviewer: what's a city over in the mountains in North Carolina? 779: in North Carolina? um I don't know I I've never done much traveling I told you interviewer: what about the cities in Tennessee? 779: cities in Tennessee oh uh Memphis uh interviewer: where's Lookout Mountain? 779: it's in Tennessee interviewer: do you ever hear Chat- 779: Chattanooga interviewer: and #1 where the # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: Grand Ole Opry is 779: mm oh you mean the state? interviewer: no the city 779: #1 the city # interviewer: #2 in Tennessee # 779: in Tenn- oh uh now I can't remember interviewer: Nash- 779: mm what? no Natchez is #1 Mississippi # interviewer: #2 no # Nash 779: oh Nashville yeah interviewer: and some of the cities in Georgia 779: Atlanta interviewer: mm-kay 779: um {X} oh Atlanta um interviewer: what about the um seaport of Georgia? 779: I know nothing about it interviewer: were you ever a girl scout? 779: uh uh-uh I was a brownie interviewer: {X} 779: I never was a a girl scout I was a brownie for about a year interviewer: do you ever hear of Sa- Sava- 779: Savannah? yeah interviewer: and the name of the person who discovered America? 779: Columbus interviewer: and the biggest city in Southern Ohio? 779: Southern Ohio is it Columbus? or that #1 is that the capital # interviewer: #2 {X} # mm-hmm 779: uh Columbus {D: I'm gonna say Ohio} uh interviewer: do you ever hear of Cin- Cincin- 779: oh Cincinnati interviewer: mm-kay and the big city in um Kentucky 779: oh Kentucky interviewer: {D: where they burn their Kentucky heritage} 779: I don't know interviewer: what about the cities in Louisiana? 779: well Shreveport New Orleans Baton Rouge interviewer: mm-kay and the country that Belfast is in 779: Belfast Germany interviewer: and Paris is in 779: wait a minute that wasn't right was it interviewer: or where are they doing the fighting now with protestants and catholics 779: you mean you're not talking about Vietnam interviewer: no the um 779: the protestants and catholics? uh interviewer: the British are in 779: is that Israel? that's #1 no # interviewer: #2 or # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # people who celebrate Saint Patrick's Day come from 779: Saint Patrick's Day uh Ireland? interviewer: mm-kay and Paris is in 779: France interviewer: and Moscow 779: uh Russia interviewer: and someone asked you to go with him somewhere and you're not sure you want to you'd say I don't know what I wanna go or not I don't know 779: if I want to go or not interviewer: mm-kay and if he wanted to go with you you'd say well I won't go what he goes to? I won't go 779: if I want them to go? interviewer: yeah you'd say 779: I won't go unless he goes #1 too? # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and say if um you had a real sick friend and I ask you how your friend was doing you might say well it seems to me what he won't pull through it {X} 779: he won't pull through? interviewer: would you say it seems like or it seems as if or how would you say that? 779: uh I would probably say it seems like interviewer: mm-kay and say you know I'd say I had a choice of two things and I was gonna do this but then I decided I'd do that {D: what would be} 779: {NW} I I don't #1 understand what you want # interviewer: #2 I was gonna do this # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # but then I decided I'd do that 779: instead of interviewer: mm-kay and two people become members of the church you'd say last week they 779: joined interviewer: mm-kay and you go to church to pray to 779: God interviewer: and the preacher preaches the 779: sermon interviewer: and the choir and the organist provide the 779: music interviewer: and if you really like the music you'd say the music is just 779: beautiful interviewer: and say if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church on Sunday you'd say church will be over 779: before we get there interviewer: mm-kay and the enemy of God is called the 779: Devil interviewer: what other names for him? 779: Satan uh let's see uh Satan and the Devil and uh interviewer: what would you tell children was gonna come get 'em? {X} 779: I don't tell mine anything's going come get 'em interviewer: do you ever hear people say the bogeyman's #1 gonna # 779: #2 yeah # yeah but I don't tell mine that interviewer: what is that? 779: well when people say it I think they're talking probably about the Devil interviewer: mm-hmm when they say 779: the bogeyman's going to get you interviewer: what do people think they see around the graveyard at night? 779: what do they think they see? interviewer: mm-hmm to scare 'em 779: uh skeletons I guess interviewer: or say a house that people are scared to go in 779: spooky interviewer: #1 mm-kay or the house is # 779: #2 um # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # spooky interviewer: what else could you say? 779: um oh uh haunted interviewer: uh-huh if it's haunted it's supposed to have what in it 779: ghosts interviewer: do you ever hear of {D: Indian burial grounds here} 779: mm-mm interviewer: {D: you played in any of 'em} 779: no no no interviewer: you'd tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting 779: cold interviewer: well it's not really cold it's getting 779: cool interviewer: what else could you say? 779: um uh let's see cold or cool or interviewer: do you ever hear airish or chilly or 779: yeah chilly airish interviewer: what is what's the difference? 779: chilly or airish uh well chilly means it's getting cold airish means the same thing to me really interviewer: which would you probably use? 779: I'd say chilly interviewer: and you'd say I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd 779: rather not interviewer: and if you hadn't seen a good friend of yours in a long time how might you express your feelings when you saw her you'd say I'm what to see you 779: glad to see you interviewer: huh? 779: glad to see you interviewer: how about proud to see you? #1 would you ever use # 779: #2 mm # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # I might interviewer: how would you say that? 779: I would just say I'm proud to see you interviewer: and say if someone had about five hundred acres you'd say he had a what of land? 779: he has a lot of land interviewer: would you ever say a right smart of land 779: mm I've heard that but I don't use it interviewer: how does that sound to you 779: uh well it sounds all right I just don't u- you know I just usually don't say it interviewer: how do you hear that used? 779: uh just like you said people would say you know uh they've got a right smart of this or they got a right smart of that interviewer: and say if um if you wanted to express an agreement like if someone says something and you you agree with it strongly what might you say besides yes? 779: uh I agree wholeheartedly or? interviewer: mm-kay would you ever say certainly or for sure or {D: something like} 779: uh yeah I agree certainly or interviewer: and do you ever say ma'am or sir to people? 779: yeah interviewer: how do you say that? {X} 779: well I say it to people older than I am interviewer: mm-kay um if somebody intensely disliked to go some place you'd say he what hated that place he 779: detested interviewer: mm-kay would you ever say he plum hated it or purely hated it? 779: no interviewer: {D: and you'd say I wanted just a little coldness but it's} 779: freezing interviewer: mm-kay or it was what cold it was 779: uh I don't know {C: sneeze} uh not freezing uh interviewer: or 779: mm-mm interviewer: say if um if a man was hammering and he hit his thumb what exclamation might happen? 779: oh well you mean what what words would he say? well he could say a lot of words he could say heck or he could say something worse than that interviewer: mm-kay would you ever use any what would you say? 779: I would probably say heck interviewer: what would you say to someone that told you something that really excited you they {X} surprising you 779: #1 something that really excited # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: me? what would I say? uh gee or interviewer: mm-kay what if if you had done something that was kind of stupid and you were disgusted with yourself 779: um aw shucks? interviewer: and if someone said something kinda shocking and you sort of resented them saying it you'd say why the very 779: #1 idea # interviewer: #2 what # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: idea interviewer: and when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask 'em then? 779: how are you? interviewer: and when you're introduced to a stranger? what might you say? 779: when I'm introduced to a stranger uh I'm glad to know you interviewer: mm-kay anything you'd ask 'em? or any sort of formal question 779: uh well how are you or interviewer: mm-kay and if some people were leaving your house after a visit you might tell them I hope 779: I hope you come back interviewer: mm-kay or I hope I see you 779: again interviewer: huh 779: I hope I see you again interviewer: and if someone had done you a favor you might say thank you I'm much 779: uh much pleased? interviewer: or I'm much a- 779: oh uh appreciative or #1 I don't know # interviewer: #2 or what could you say # besides thank you? you could tell the person that you were much 779: uh interviewer: much a- 779: mu- not much obliged that's not what you're talking about no uh they had done me a favor interviewer: well 779: I don't know interviewer: how would you greet someone around December twenty-fifth? 779: around December twenty-fifth I'd say Merry Christmas interviewer: mm-kay what about on the first of January? 779: Happy New Year interviewer: anything else you'd say besides Merry Christmas or Happy New Year 779: um well you could say I hope you have a nice Christmas interviewer: do you ever hear people say Christmas gift to each other? 779: yes I've heard that interviewer: how would they do that? 779: well they'd instead of saying Merry Christmas when they see someone they just say Christmas gift interviewer: would they be expecting 'em to give 'em something then 779: no no that's just a form of greeting interviewer: would they say that before Christmas {X} 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about New Year's gift? do you ever hear that? 779: no interviewer: and talking about something that you'd see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 779: saw in my dream? interviewer: mm-kay or this is what I 779: dreamed about interviewer: mm-kay and often when I go to sleep I 779: dream interviewer: but I can't always remember what I have 779: dreamed interviewer: and say I dreamed I was falling but just as I was about to hit the ground I 779: awoke interviewer: and you'd say um it was so cold last night that the pipes 779: burst interviewer: because the water 779: froze interviewer: and {D: I was gonna wrap another pipes had already} 779: bursted interviewer: mm-kay the water had already 779: frozen interviewer: and if it gets much colder the pipes might 779: freeze interviewer: and 779: burst interviewer: what would you say if there was just a thin coating of ice on the lake? you'd say that's not the lake it's a real th- 779: #1 froze # interviewer: #2 in # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: #1 fro- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # you'd use the word froze whether it's solid or or real thin? 779: uh well uh well I guess I don't really know interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say um food taken between regular meals you'd call that a 779: snack interviewer: and I don't think I asked you this yesterday but when you're talking about the beans to get the beans out of the pods you'd say you have to 779: shell interviewer: mm-kay did I ask you that? 779: mm-mm you asked me about beans but you didn't ask #1 that # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # um you'd say I have to go downtown to do some 779: shopping interviewer: and if you bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and he 779: wrapped interviewer: mm-kay when I got home I 779: unwrapped it interviewer: mm-kay and if you had to sell something for two dollars that you had paid three dollars for you would be selling it 779: now what if I interviewer: if you had to sell it for two dollars and you paid say three dollars for it you'd be selling it 779: at a loss interviewer: mm-kay and if you like something but don't have enough money for it you'd say I like it but it 779: it's too expensive interviewer: or it what too much 779: costs too much interviewer: and on the first of the month the bill was 779: due interviewer: and if you belong to a club you have to pay your 779: dues interviewer: and if you don't have any money you'd go to the bank and try to 779: get a loan interviewer: or try to what's another way of saying that? 779: uh make a loan? interviewer: or like you could um you could go over to a friend and ask to 779: borrow some money? interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say back in the thirties money was 779: hard to get interviewer: mm-kay what's another way of saying that 779: uh hard to come by interviewer: or it was pretty there wasn't 779: #1 scarce # interviewer: #2 like # huh? 779: scarce interviewer: and some places if you buy something or pay your bill some storekeepers will give you a little extra and they call that a little present 779: bonus? interviewer: do you ever hear of lagniappe? 779: yeah interviewer: what is that? 779: well it just means a little extra interviewer: you'd call that 779: what what do I how do I say it? lagniappe interviewer: what do they do that around here? 779: no if they do they haven't done it for me interviewer: what how did you hear of that {X} is it was it done in this part of the country or 779: not in the grocery store that I know anything about interviewer: what do you associate it with? 779: uh well I've heard people say it when they were talking about a fat person when they were you know too fat or something they'd say had a little extra lagniappe or something oh interviewer: um what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 779: crawl interviewer: and say if you were tired you might say I think I'll go to the couch and 779: sit down interviewer: or 779: lie down interviewer: and you'd say he was really sick {D: if he could sit up all morning because} {D: what bear} 779: uh laid in bed? interviewer: and you'd say she walked up to the altar and she 779: knelt interviewer: and if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you'd say you 779: stomp interviewer: and if you saw a friend um walking home and you had your car you'd say can I 779: give you a ride interviewer: or can I what you 779: #1 pick # interviewer: #2 home # 779: you up oh take you home? interviewer: would you ever say carry you home? 779: yeah interviewer: how would you 779: I would just say can I carry you home interviewer: mm-kay and to get something to come towards you you take hold of it and 779: pull it interviewer: and the other way would be 779: push it interviewer: and if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say you picked it up and 779: carried them home interviewer: anything else you'd say besides carry? if it's real heavy {X} 779: uh nothing else I would say interviewer: have you heard anything else 779: yeah people say {D: toted} interviewer: how does that sound to you? 779: uh well it sounds okay I just I don't say it #1 you know # interviewer: #2 what if there's # something that's say real heavy or hard to handle like a real heavy suitcase you'd say I had to what that suitcase up two flights of stairs I had to 779: carry interviewer: would you ever say lug or tout? 779: lug yeah and pack interviewer: what's the difference between those 779: uh no difference to me interviewer: do you have {D: an outside here that's very heavy or} 779: yeah that means you know if you had to lug something or pack it well it means it's pretty heavy interviewer: and you'd tell a child now that stove is very hot so 779: do not touch it interviewer: and um if you had to get up and start work before the sun was shining you'd say you had to start work before 779: sunup interviewer: and you worked until 779: sundown interviewer: and you'd say this morning I saw the sun 779: rise interviewer: and at six oh clock this morning the sun 779: set interviewer: or this morning the sun 779: oh rose interviewer: mm-kay and when I got outside the sun had already 779: set interviewer: or it had already 779: gone down interviewer: or talking about it going up it had already 779: you're talking about the morning? interviewer: yeah 779: oh the sun had already risen interviewer: and you'd say um all night long the wind 779: blew interviewer: and the wind has 779: blown interviewer: and the wind started to 779: blow interviewer: and if the wind had been gentle and was gradually getting stronger you'd say it was doing what? 779: it'd been gentle and it was getting stronger uh blowing harder? interviewer: what if it's just the opposite? it had been stronger and it's getting weaker 779: dying down interviewer: mm-kay and if the wind is from this direction you'd say that it's 779: this direction? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: mm-kay just a minute let's see mm-hmm mm-hmm oh from this direc- west interviewer: mm-kay the #1 wind is # 779: #2 you # say directly this direction? west interviewer: how would you say that the wind is 779: blowing from the west interviewer: and a wind halfway between north and west you'd call a 779: halfway between north and west northwest interviewer: mm-kay and between north and east? 779: northeast interviewer: east and south? 779: one minute now east and south? southeast interviewer: and west and south 779: southwest I mean north #1 what'd you say? # interviewer: #2 yeah # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: southwest interviewer: and you'd say um if today is um Wednesday then Tuesday was 779: yesterday interviewer: and Thursday is 779: tomorrow interviewer: and if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday but a week earlier than that you'd say he came here 779: not last Sunday but a week before. interviewer: yeah 779: week before last interviewer: mm-kay they're talking about Sunday 779: oh Sunday before last interviewer: and if he was gonna leave not this Sunday but a week beyond that he was gonna leave 779: a week beyond this Sunday? interviewer: mm-hmm 779: uh a w- a week from now? interviewer: or specifically Sunday he's gonna leave 779: a week from Sunday interviewer: mm-kay would you ever say Sunday week or something 779: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 like that # 779: Sunday week I've said that interviewer: is that usually or 779: yeah interviewer: and {D: if someone's favorite goes to the big cheese and says this takes about} 779: two weeks interviewer: mm-kay and talking about how {D: tall womens are} {D: you'd say he's corner's about} 779: so many feet high interviewer: mm-kay and if a child's just had his third birthday you'd say he's 779: three years old interviewer: and if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a 779: frost interviewer: what if it's harder than that? 779: we had a freeze interviewer: and if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go 779: get me a hammer interviewer: and a game that children play where one child would be it and the others would hide 779: hide and seek interviewer: what do you call the tree you can touch to be safe? 779: base interviewer: mm-kay in football you run towards the 779: goal interviewer: and if we were planning to meet somewhere I'd say well if I get there first I'll 779: wait for you interviewer: and if you were about to punish a child he might ask you not to punish him just give him one more 779: chance interviewer: and someone who always catches on to a joke and always sees the funny side of things he's got a good sense of 779: humor interviewer: and you'd say we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminating company will get 779: rid of them interviewer: and say if a child left her pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there she'd say I bet somebody 779: took my pencil interviewer: anything else you'd say? 779: stole my pencil interviewer: mm-kay and something that a child plays with you'd call a 779: something a child plays with uh #1 gosh I don't know # interviewer: #2 it's well just anything # that a child plays with would be a 779: anything a toy interviewer: mm-kay did you ever hear it called anything else besides a toy? 779: plaything interviewer: what about play pretty? 779: play pretty yeah interviewer: how is a play pretty different from a toy? 779: uh it's not any difference I don't guess interviewer: would you use the word play pretty? 779: I have when my children were babies interviewer: do you associate a play pretty with a baby? 779: I do interviewer: mm-kay and if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot of things growing out in your yard you'd go out and 779: pick uh pick the flowers? interviewer: mm-kay and a child that's always running and telling on other children you'd call him 779: a tattle tale interviewer: would you use that word about a grown up? 779: well yeah interviewer: what would it mean? 779: that they were always uh telling something about somebody else interviewer: #1 kind of a gossip you think # 779: #2 a gossip # or a busybody interviewer: what about the word pimp? do you ever hear that used to mean tattletale? 779: hmm not to mean tattletale no interviewer: what do you hear it with prostitution or 779: no I've just heard it I don't really know uh you know what they meant by it but I've heard it interviewer: about a grown person or a child? 779: uh either I guess people would just say a little pimp interviewer: um say if a child learned something new like um learned to whistle or something and you wanna know where the child learned it you'd say who 779: taught you that interviewer: and you'd say I have just what him a letter I have just 779: written interviewer: and yesterday he 779: wrote interviewer: and tomorrow I'll 779: write interviewer: and you say I wrote {D: him it was time dollar getting it} 779: what interviewer: I wrote him and I'm expecting to get a 779: letter interviewer: mm-kay or 779: #1 or an # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: an answer? interviewer: and if you put the letter in the envelope then you take out your pen and you 779: address it interviewer: any old fashioned way of saying that? 779: uh interviewer: did you ever hear back the letter? 779: mm-mm interviewer: and you'd say I was gonna write him but I didn't know his 779: address interviewer: and you'd say you can't get through there cause the highway department's got their machines in and now the road's all 779: blocked interviewer: or gone up and tearing it up now the #1 road # 779: #2 oh # all torn up interviewer: and you get someone a bracelet and you want to see how it looks on 'em you'd say go ahead and 779: put it on interviewer: and say if I ask you what's new you might just shake your head and say oh 779: nothing interviewer: and I'd say oh there must be 779: something interviewer: and if I ask you how long um say the river's been there you might say well the river has 779: been there for years interviewer: or it's what been there it's 779: uh interviewer: it's all 779: it's always been there interviewer: and you'd say um that wasn't an accident he did that 779: on purpose interviewer: and you'd say he moved here in nineteen sixty and he's lived here ever 779: since interviewer: and you'd say she what him with the big knife? 779: stabbed interviewer: mm-kay and say a teacher goes into a classroom and sees a funny picture up on the blackboard she might ask who 779: drew the picture? interviewer: and if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you could use pulley blocks and a rope to 779: to lift it up interviewer: anything else you'd say besides lift? 779: pull it up? interviewer: what about hoist or heist? 779: hoist it up interviewer: is that a word you'd use? 779: well yeah interviewer: if you meet someone at the early part of the day what would you say as a greeting? 779: good morning interviewer: how long does morning last? 779: 'til twelve twelve noon interviewer: then what do you have? 779: P-M afternoon interviewer: how long does that last? 779: uh does afternoon last? oh well P-M lasts until twelve at night interviewer: but how long does the afternoon {X} 779: oh well uh from twelve to six? #1 is that # interviewer: #2 mm-kay # and then what 779: then it's evening interviewer: how long does that last? 779: from six to twelve at night interviewer: and do you ever hear people use evening to mean like one o'clock in the afternoon? call that evening? 779: uh well yeah interviewer: who 779: I have interviewer: who uses that? 779: I've probably done it myself but uh you know a lot of people just say good evening instead of good afternoon when it's really afternoon they just say that interviewer: what if what would you say if you were leaving someone's house at about eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything as you were leaving? 779: um goodbye interviewer: what about good day? 779: #1 good # interviewer: #2 do you ever # 779: day yeah #1 I've said # interviewer: #2 you say good # day 779: well not very much mm-mm I'd say goodbye interviewer: with if you did say good day would you say it when you saw someone or when you were leaving 'em? 779: I would say it when I was leaving if I said it interviewer: and if you were leaving someone's house after dark you'd say 779: um goodnight interviewer: and you'd say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little bit of time but your bad luck comes all 779: at once interviewer: and if you said something more than once you would be saying it 779: twice interviewer: and you'd say last year we got twenty bushels to the acre and this year we got forty so this year's crop is exactly what is 779: double interviewer: {X} 779: double interviewer: huh 779: from last year's #1 or # interviewer: #2 or # exactly what as good? 779: twice as good interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 779: #2 as # last year's interviewer: and if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody 779: what time it oh what time is it? interviewer: mm-kay then you'd look at your 779: watch interviewer: and if it's midway between seven oh clock and eight oh clock you'd say that it's 779: oh half past the hour? interviewer: what if it's fifteen minutes later than that you'd say it's 779: forty-five minutes past the hour interviewer: or 779: or a quarter 'til quarter 'til eight interviewer: mm-kay and if you'd been doing something for a long time you'd say I've been doing that for quite 779: quite a long time interviewer: or for quite a 779: spell interviewer: and you'd say nineteen seventy-four was last year nineteen seventy-five is 779: this year interviewer: and if something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly 779: a year ago today? interviewer: and talking about the weather you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 779: clouds interviewer: and on a day when the sun is shining and you don't see any clouds you'd say that was a what kind of #1 day # 779: #2 a cloudy # day interviewer: what is just the opposite of that 779: oh you said the sun is shining interviewer: uh-huh 779: uh it's a clear day interviewer: mm-kay and if it's real dark and overcast you'd say it's a 779: cloudy day interviewer: and if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you think it's going to rain or something in a little while you'd say the weather is 779: uh looking rainy? interviewer: would you ever say it's changing or gathering or turning? 779: uh I might say the clou- clouds are gathering interviewer: what if it's just the opposite of that and the clouds are pulling away and the sun comes out you'd #1 say # 779: #2 it's # clearing off interviewer: mm-kay and now can you start counting to fifteen slowly? 779: by ones? interviewer: yeah 779: one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen interviewer: and the number after nineteen 779: twenty interviewer: and after twenty-six 779: twenty-seven interviewer: and twenty-nine 779: thirty interviewer: thirty-nine 779: forty interviewer: and sixty-nine 779: seventy interviewer: and ninety-nine 779: a hundred interviewer: nine hundred ninety-nine 779: one thousand interviewer: and ten times a hundred thousand is one 779: #1 uh what ten times a hundred thousand # interviewer: #2 {X} # is one 779: one hundred thousand? #1 no # interviewer: #2 well # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: what you've got me mixed up now uh say it again interviewer: ten times a hundred thousand is one 779: one million interviewer: mm-kay and if there's some people standing in line the person at the head of the line is the 779: leader interviewer: or the what person? 779: um interviewer: in line you'd say 779: first? interviewer: and behind him is the 779: second interviewer: keep going 779: third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth interviewer: mm-kay and now won't you name the months of the year slowly? 779: uh January February March April May June July August September October November December interviewer: and the days of the week 779: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday interviewer: what does Sabbath mean? 779: Sunday interviewer: do you use that word? 779: uh well I have I guess you know I say Sunday interviewer: mm-kay and if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you're having a 779: dry spell interviewer: what else could you call that? 779: uh drought interviewer: is that the same thing? 779: mm yeah well uh a drought's when you just go you know for a real long period and don't have any rain with a dry spell it's the same thing really interviewer: how long a period would it have to be before it could be a drought? 779: uh maybe weeks mm you know interviewer: and a whole lot of rain that suddenly comes down 779: uh a downpour? interviewer: mm-kay anything else you could call that? 779: uh flood interviewer: what if there's thunder and lightning then you'd call it a 779: storm? interviewer: and if it's raining but not real hard you'd call it a 779: mm a mist interviewer: mm-kay what else? 779: a sprinkle interviewer: what else? 779: uh interviewer: what if it lasts just a long time? 779: lasts a long time interviewer: like you'd have a slow 779: a slow drizzle? interviewer: mm-kay what's the difference between a sprinkle and a drizzle? 779: I don't I don't guess there is any interviewer: what about if it's fairly hard but short you'd call it a 779: very hard but short uh a flood? interviewer: would you ever use the word shower? 779: shower yeah interviewer: how's that different from a 779: from from what? interviewer: from the mist or the sprinkle 779: #1 a shower? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: uh well I think a shower is a little harder than a than a sprinkle interviewer: what about a mist? 779: or a mist a mist is just fine fine you know rain and a sprinkle is a little bit heavier interviewer: what if you um get up in the morning and can't see across the road you'd call that a 779: fog interviewer: and a day like that would be 779: a foggy day interviewer: and do you y'all get any bad winds around here? 779: well sometimes not you know not anything like a hurricane interviewer: do you get any of the effects from the hurricane 779: yes yeah interviewer: such as what? 779: uh sometimes strong winds and hard rains and uh you know such as that interviewer: do y'all get flooding here? {D: from the river under your home} 779: uh well not uh they're actually you wouldn't say that they're Red River floods you know any place here but uh when we have a real hard rain you know j- and it rains for quite a period of time while the streets get flooded this underpass down here on Hearne floods out a lot interviewer: mm-hmm 779: #1 it it has gotten up so high that it could co- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: it would cover up a school bus down here have you been down here? interviewer: #1 yeah I know # 779: #2 yeah # it covers it's it's flooded a lot but the drainage is bad they when they fix those streets or you know when they built the streets they didn't I don't know they just didn't know fix the drainage right or something because it it'll flood out interviewer: mm-hmm 779: but it has to rain you know real hard for for a good little while interviewer: did Shreveport um when did how big is their city limit area do you know? it seems to be pretty 779: uh how big is the city limit area? interviewer: have they #1 incorporated # 779: #2 well # interviewer: a lot in the last 779: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 779: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 779: we have uh the city limit out south of town used to go uh well let's see if it was on it was just on this side I believe of the overpass out here on the Mansfield road and now it goes all the way Southern Hills have you been out to Southern Hills? well all of that o- out there is included I think now in the city limits if I'm not mistaken we've taken in quite a bit Shreveport's growing interviewer: how big is it now? do you you know 779: uh well how many people? um it's close to three hundred thousand interviewer: #1 really? # 779: #2 y- # mm-hmm yeah uh it may it may already be three hundred thousand I'm not for certain but the last time I heard it was not quite three hundred thousand interviewer: well that's really changed over time {X} #1 I guess you know # 779: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 # 779: #2 # Shreveport #1 has grown # interviewer: #2 yep # 779: a lot interviewer: well the map I have lists it as a hundred eighty thousand #1 that's an old map # 779: #2 oh gosh yeah # that's old it's it's been past a hundred and eighty thousand for a long time interviewer: what's the racial makeup do you know? I mean what percentage of black 779: uh really I don't know the percentages uh I believe as it stands now there is more whites than blacks interviewer: did that ha- is that how it's always been since you were 779: uh yeah ever since I've known you know. Course the blacks are gaining all the time there's getting to be more and more of them all the time but uh it's always been more whites as long as I can remember {NS}