791:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. Can I get your full name?
791:  Levian (C: should be beeped out} {B}
Interviewer:  Okay. And this community is?
791:  Calstone.
Interviewer:  Okay. You know the date today?
791:  Tenth I think. Yeah it's the tenth.
Interviewer:  Okay. What's this parish? {X}
791:  Barneth.
Interviewer:  Now Leesville is the?
791:  County seat.
Interviewer:  County seat?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  I see. Why they call it the county seat instead of the parish seat?
791:  Well it it's the same difference some 'em call it the county seat and some of them parish seat.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  Or the courthouse.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
791:  Sheriff's office same thing.
Interviewer:  With that real law
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  {X}
791:  Order
Interviewer:  Law and order. ah Was your birthplace can you tell me a little bit about your you know what you've done with ah
791:  Well I was born on the {D: foul} {D: gravel} which is about ah five miles west of Leesville.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And later back when I was six years old I moved Sabine Parish. Lived in Sabine Parish until the beginning of World War Two.
Interviewer:  How long approximately would you say you lived in Sabine Parish?
791:  Lived there from the time I was six 'til I was eighteen. Probably twelv- twelve years that I lived in Sabine.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  And then moved went into the service in World War Two.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
791:  And uh came back here lived here ever since.
Interviewer:  To this
791:  #1 I moved #
Interviewer:  #2 town? #
791:  here. {NS} Moved here Thanksgiving day in nineteen fifty-one. {X}
Interviewer:  Hmm uh
791:  But I did live in Sabine
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  from the time I was six 'til I was eighteen and I went to service.
Interviewer:  And what can I ask about your what you did for war for you after you left the service uh {NS}
791:  I worked for air and transportation for a short while and then I went to hauling {D: detain} I hauled de- tr- drove detain trucks from nineteen fifty to nineteen sixty three.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
791:  I worked for Charleston Gas Company worked for {X} gas company ended up going into business three of 'em formed a partnership {D: star detain.} And then in sixty-three I sold out took my two parts.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  In other words, I had a I had a farm but just it just {NS} raised my own proceeds that's what it amounts to I raised my own food to fill the freezers.
Interviewer:  Did you farm some?
791:  Uh not in no big way he he farmed ten twelve fifteen acres all his all of his life.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Hmm Well patient you you you worked for a oil {NS} uh Petrol driver who drove a rig and that sort of thing?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  What what did you call it? What's a kind of {D: general} designation? #1 for it? #
791:  #2 uh # Butane
Interviewer:  Yeah. You hauled butane.
791:  Butane delivery and repair man. Maintained all the butane equipment for all of it. Finally the bu-butane
Interviewer:  Now this address is
791:  Route six Box two seventy.
Interviewer:  Leesville?
791:  Leesville.
Interviewer:  Okay can I ask your age if possible?
791:  Fifty-one
Interviewer:  Alright. And your religion?
791:  Baptist.
Interviewer:  Baptist. Alright. Baptist is the largest denomination. I'm Methodist but that you know but my father tells the old story about that about the church he went to he he was raised back in the country and he said uh the baptist church right across the road was always they were always singing uh will there be no the Methodists were always singing will there be stars in their {D: crowns and} natural thing, no not one. #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Now you said you went to the school {X}
791:  Right right.
Interviewer:  Okay. Tell me a little about uh your education that sort of thing.
791:  I went to uh military school until mid-term in tenth grade then entered service. When I returned from service I went to night school and finished high school. Received my diploma from the night time high school.
Interviewer:  I'll say. You live in {D: Epton}
791:  No sir I went and come.
Interviewer:  Is that so?
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  You
791:  It's just fifty-six miles if you go the Crookwood road.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  About fifty-six miles.
Interviewer:  From here?
791:  Yep.
Interviewer:  But every day?
791:  Uh no I didn't I didn't have to go but too long with it that was under that new set up with the army in other words to get your diploma.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And mostly went and take the tests it was it amounted to.
Interviewer:  {X} You studied mostly at home?
791:  Permission to take home yeah.
Interviewer:  That's a funny name and I never hear it. {D: Napika}
791:  It's hardly useful.
Interviewer:  I'm trying to figure out how to Okay. Can you tell me a little bit about your parents? Where they were born and where they were raised, that sort of thing?
791:  My father was uh born in Sabine Parish.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  My mother was born in Vernon Parish. And when they were married well they lived in Vernon Parish. Up until I was six years old and that's when we moved to Sabine. And my father lives out in {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. Now
791:  My mother still lives in Sabine Parish.
Interviewer:  Okay. What what about your folks' education? {X}
791:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh about your can you tell me about their occupation and education? A little
791:  Well my father he he was running a log cutter and a scaler
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
791:  and farmed on the side.
Interviewer:  That's a big occupation here
791:  Big occupation and
Interviewer:  here in the day.
791:  #1 Right. #
Interviewer:  #2 In the old day. #
791:  He had days he cut lots logs and I've heard him say that he cut enough logs to have floored Sabine Parish solid with logs.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  And later life he began to get older while he became a log scaler.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And He uh farmed just on the sideline to raise something to eat. Well back in 'em day it wasn't a lot of money in circulation.
Interviewer:  Money was
791:  Money was scarce.
Interviewer:  yeah. {NW} I tell you what I heard I've heard some stuff about this Parish. You know the Parishes I've been working in they're not really rich. Like I'm from the South I'm from South Georgia.
791:  South
Interviewer:  yeah. We weren't rich either. I heard therein the depression now folks had to folks had to turn to illegal manners of making money that is raising brewing some uh stuff out in the woods.
791:  Well they there were lots of people who did. My my father never never did he he always does {NS} he was a good provider. We never went hungry and sometimes kinda slim pickings but he always managed to feed us now. uh Course it dipped when World War Two started that's why he'd and every-everybody began to live {X} And of course back in the late thirties while they're starting dipping uh days and every one had to dip well dip their cattle.
Interviewer:  yeah. {NW}
791:  And he became {D: range rider and} he managed the dipping days were over well he got {NS} to stay on and ride Sabine River to keep cattle from crossing from Texas into Louisiana.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Bringing the fever tick back so {NS} he stayed on as range rider and rode the river
Interviewer:  Fever ticks are bad here right?
791:  They were bad.
Interviewer:  Is that why they started it?
791:  That's when they started their dipping days was to control the fever ticks.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Yeah. So you father was also kinda a cattle worker?
791:  #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 And #
791:  we always we always had few cattle and
Interviewer:  Okay and do you remember his education or your mother. Did they do any?
791:  About to sixth grade I believe I'm correct. They both went to about sixth grade. I remember one in- instance that uh my father's riding a range rider Sabine River and they had what they call black land slew. Well my father had had a
Interviewer:  What what's a black land slew?
791:  It's a stream that runs into the river.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Water streams in they call it the black land slew because it's in a black land com- country. The soil called black land. Well they called it the black land slew. Well my father had been riding and he sold this horse that he'd had been riding all these uh months. He got the chance to make a good profit off of the horse so he sold it and then turned around and bought a cheap horse and this one particular morning well there was ice, it was wet, still raining and freezing and he got to the black land slew well it was deep where it run into the river. The river water was backed up. He had a slicker on and when the horse got to the black land slew well he just kept wading on out in the slew and my father figured well he'll start swimming in a minute but the horse never did swim he walked across on the bottom. {NW} He had with my father on him and the horse when he come out the other side, why my father's clothes were all froze well the only way he could warm up was he had uh some matches in the sweat band of his hat so he built him a fire and had to dry his clothes but they froze he just stood his clothes up and somebody was {X} but it
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 I don't know there were times when all rolled him back #
Interviewer:  Yeah, I tell ya, That is that's quite a #1 story. #
791:  #2 But I # I figured you might want that {D: pitch you know the}
Interviewer:  {NW} Now okay your mother was always a house wife?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  She
791:  She never public worked.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. Alright. This {B} uh can you remember anything about your grandparent's on your father's side? Where they came from?
791:  {D: Eh just from} from West Virginia as far as I can remember. Grandfather came from West Virginia. And well a schoolteacher as far as a I could find out.
Interviewer:  Did you ever know him?
791:  I-I remember him. I barely remember him. In other words he passed away probably about when I was six or seven years old about the we moved to Sabine Parish.
Interviewer:  Now he was a you said he was a school teacher?
791:  Yes He was schoolteacher for West Virginia.
Interviewer:  And uh when did he come out here? Was your father born in West Virginia or?
791:  No sir he was born here.
Interviewer:  Uh Oh okay that's what you told me that I'm Uh When did your grandfather move here? Did he ever tell you or did you
791:  No sir not I can't remember.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah.
791:  My mother could probably tell us but I can't remember when she when they moved.
Interviewer:  He had a good education pretty good education.
791:  He got a good education.
Interviewer:  Right. uh
791:  Back those days lot schoolteacher didn't have to have four six years of college. If they got a nine month uh college education well they could teach school they would come a schoolteacher.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  In fact they hadn't been too many years ago that we got teacher who's been teaching right here didn't have full college education.
Interviewer:  Um Okay now your grandmother can you remember where she came from or or on your grandfather's side. Did he teach school here?
791:  No sir I don't believe he ever taught school here. If he did I don't remember. I'd like to say he did.
Interviewer:  Wh-what did he do here uh {B}
791:  Farm farmer.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay and your grandmother do you remember
791:  My grandmother was uh she was born and raised in Sabine Parish she was uh uh {B}
Interviewer:  Oh I see okay so h-he married her out here.
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  So he must've come here pretty you know pretty
791:  #1 Came here #
Interviewer:  #2 young man. #
791:  I believe when he was a pretty young {NS} and For sure her last name was {B} uh she uh the sheriff head sheriff in Sabine Parish Pat, Pat Phillips why they were close kin and I'm pretty positive that she was published.
Interviewer:  Did uh he fight uh in the I wonder if he
791:  I believe he I believe he possibly had been too old to have fallen in World War One.
Interviewer:  That was what the uh the uh war before that. One that freed the salves.
791:  Well now he it's possible that he might fought in it, I just I couldn't say.
Interviewer:  Okay. What what do you call that war though?
791:  Civil War wasn't it?
Interviewer:  yeah okay any other names for it? {X}
791:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Alright. uh now
791:  #1 if I made #
Interviewer:  #2 your grandparents #
791:  {X} some people might have called it the war between the states
Interviewer:  Uh-huh Okay. Now your grandparent's on your mother's side can you tell me about them? That's yo- your're grandmother
791:  They was they was both born and raised about ten miles west of Leesville.
Interviewer:  Kay.
791:  My grandfather's name was {X} {B} Grandmother's name was {B} My grandmother was {D: Jane} before she married my grandfather.
Interviewer:  That's in Vernon Parish?
791:  Right. All that's in Vernon Parish.
Interviewer:  So uh so your mother is your on your mother's side your actually about the third generation here in-in Sabine in this parish right?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  In Vernon Parish so did the name was Burrel?
791:  {D: Burrel Dees} {C: should be beeped out}
Interviewer:  Dees. Okay. Did they farm?
791:  They farm cattle {D: raise} {X}
Interviewer:  Uh Okay. And their education? Can you remember anything?
791:  No sir I don't.
Interviewer:  Did did either one of 'em uh did you know either one of them or?
791:  Oh yeah. I-I remember both of 'em.
Interviewer:  Do they read and write? Uh
791:  Yes sir they can read and write.
Interviewer:  Go back any further than that? Do you remember did they ever tell you about their-their parents or anything like that?
791:  Mm not that I can remember. uh
Interviewer:  In other words were they born they were born and raised here right?
791:  They were born and raised here and their parents both lived and they born and raised here. Their parents were born and raised here.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. Uh now um Tell me can you tell me about the first house you lived in? {B} And-and what it was like and that sort of thing.
791:  uh Well the first house that I lived in a {X} came back from service and was married was uh
Interviewer:  Well the first house you were born?
791:  Oh oh that I was born in?
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  It was a large-large house uh plain noth-nothing fancy but a nice home that we built out of new lumber. And it was
Interviewer:  It had over the si-outside it had
791:  It had {X} or or one by eight uh drop side. shiplap I believe they call it.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 shiplap #
Interviewer:  Alright.
791:  And as far as I remember it wasn't painted the house burned in later years after we moved away from it. Why it burnt but it was a-a nice home. I mean for back in those days.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  My daddy was uh stayed in lodge at {X} It was about the time World War One was over or after and he bought the lumber and had the house built.
Interviewer:  yeah. Now what'd you have for for kinda place where you cooked your food
791:  #1 We had the #
Interviewer:  #2 stuff like that? #
791:  kitchen with a wood stove.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  No running water had a well you'd always draw the water. Maybe yours had a spring.
Interviewer:  Okay can you can you kinda give me a description of what the house was like? Did it have a
791:  It had a front long front porch.
Interviewer:  Okay. Do you call it a porch always?
791:  Right. Front uh but you can specify front porch and back porch well a lot of homes had a front porch and a back porch. This particular home had a long front porch with a hall leading off the front porch going down the center of the house.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  With rooms on each side of the hall and a kitchen in the rear.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now uh you had a hall. Did you ever call hall anything else or was it just
791:  No sir it's hall.
Interviewer:  Breeze way?
791:  Hall All it was ever called back in those days.
Interviewer:  Okay now the hall went down the center of the house.
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  You had what maybe what room on the left there uh the first
791:  #1 You had the #
Interviewer:  #2 rooms? #
791:  You had a living room on the right, bedroom on the left, another bedroom on the left. A bedroom on the right a small screened in dining room at the end of the hall with the kitchen on the right. Room on the right
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  And then another bedroom on the right. And then at the end of the hallway there was a large screened in dining area and a kitchen to the right of the screened in {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay at the end of the hall you had a large screened in dining area?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Was that uh was that did the house kinda taper off there?
791:  Uh
Interviewer:  Or did it get smaller? {NS}
791:  No sir it was about it was the same all the way back.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  In other words it goes
Interviewer:  It was like this then? About?
791:  Uh yeah a little bit. That's wait let me let me see here this dining area and uh all that bedrooms you have. This is the dining I mean living.
Interviewer:  Okay okay I got it now then you got you had the hall coming down in the two different rooms there.
791:  Right right.
Interviewer:  Did the hall come all the way through?
791:  All the way at the front porch.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  And it {X} in between right here but then that that was the end of the hall right here then you had the screened in enclosure for the dining area and then the kitchen.
Interviewer:  Nice. So there wasn't a wall between the kitchen and the dining room right? {NS} Was there?
791:  yeah.
Interviewer:  There was?
791:  Yes there was a wall.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright Well um now uh does you had in the in the uh in the living room you had a what for warmth? You had a?
791:  Fireplace. Brick chimney.
Interviewer:  Brick
791:  Brick chimney
Interviewer:  Okay and then uh the stuff on the uh outside you know the floor of the fireplace you call it what?
791:  Hearth.
Interviewer:  Hearth. Okay. Can you tell me about the fireplace and the other you know some of the stuff in the house you had. Well you had you put the wood on the
791:  Dog irons you put they called a dog irons
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  Had two most of them was made in blacksmith's shops. Had to hold the head on over at the welding shop and all
Auxiliary:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 the different types of # manufacturing and uh they called 'em dog irons that were made in the blacksmith's shop and you'd throw your wood on it build a fire.
Interviewer:  What'd you what would you start the fire with?
791:  They start with a little rich lighter splinters.
Interviewer:  Alright.
791:  Get your oak wood to burn. Course at night well you have to be careful not to leave a piece of oak wood to work with burn in two and then roll out into the house and burn the house. {NW} Most people would uh set something that was not flammable to where if it did roll out it would catch. A lot a lot of people use a screen a mesh screen to put around the hearth to keep the chunks of wood from rolling out into the floor.
Interviewer:  Tha-that uh big thing you call that a what? That you put on the fire if you got you wanna
791:  Oak wood.
Interviewer:  yeah a big what a big {X} big.
791:  Jus-just a block of old wood.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Block of old wood.
Interviewer:  Call that log or
791:  Log or block of old wood.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} uh now um that stuff you get on your face when it when it uh when the fire going through the chimney or when your having it cleaned out?
791:  {X}
Interviewer:  What's that? {NW}
791:  But you brush those'll never have to clean one out it it would burn clean on a chimney. uh some people would try heating with uh cast iron heaters or canned heaters. Well if they used a lot of rich lighters
Interviewer:  yeah?
791:  well they soot up but as long as your just used a small amount rich pine to start your fire why the oak wood would have a tendency to keep it burnt clean. Burn your chimney are you? uh Stove pipe I clean as long as you didn't use a lot of rich lighter.
Interviewer:  You didn't have uh any any stuff you need what to get rid of.
791:  Ashes
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  You'd have to carry the ashes out almost every day winter time you'd burn lots of wood
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
791:  carried ashes out. When spring the year was there well you have to cover the top of the chimney to keep the what they call chimney sweeps from building their nests in the chimney. Because the chimney sweeps are go coming in and building their nests while they break what soot was there well they break it loose and it fall down and and then when the cold weather was over well you covered the top of the chimney with this and then you'd also have a fire screen. It was nothing more then a frame with a either wall paper or some type of stuff art that you covered the fire place to keep the wind from blowing ashes or soot from out of the chimney back out into the living room.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now you had maybe something up over the fireplace where you kept your clock or something.
791:  A mantel board.
Interviewer:  Mantel board?
791:  Mantel.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. Um The ashes were usually what color they were kinda?
791:  Whitish gray.
Interviewer:  White okay. What about uh the stuff you had in the um the end of uh house where you kept things and uh your you know your uh
791:  Well you had the uh
Interviewer:  What sort of a
791:  You had the uh {D: woven} closet on the cook stove on the wood to cook stove like you had a {D: woven} closet which was up over the cook stove. With doors on it and food that wouldn't spoil easy. While after cooked meal well you just had it up in the uh {D:woven} closet and no time {X} couldn't get to it. and uh most of the stoves a lot of the stoves had uh a water warmer on the side of it next to the fire box before you put uh filled it water warmer with water and uh heat from wood with it to keep the water warm for dish washing or bathing. and uh you had then a safe that was fixed to what it uh most people had little uh star shaped deals or uh diamond shaped uh cut out in the doors.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  with screen over it to where it uh no kind of insects could into the middle of it put it in the safe.
Interviewer:  yeah really?
791:  You would uh at the same time it would let air in and uh no insects could get get in.
Interviewer:  Huh
791:  If you cut out a diamond shape or a square and tight screen over it and then set food in it and be safe.
Interviewer:  Hmm. What about the kind of other pieces of uh or uh did you have any other types of furniture?
791:  Well you had a large uh dining table uh our particular dining table well uh my father uh cut the cherry and red cherry and had it uh sawed and plained it I believe or dressed it himself and he built the table. It was a large one {X}
Interviewer:  Cherry tree?
791:  Cherry tree.
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  Yes sir. And uh
Interviewer:  Okay now uh now you might have a something you keep your clothes in it had the they'd always have drawers in it what what was that?
791:  A chest of drawers but
Interviewer:  chest of drawers?
791:  but uh that was in later years most of it was trunks.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  They had the old metal trunks that they {NS} put clothes in and and then they had what's called a chifforobe. Before the chest drawers they had the chifforobe.
Interviewer:  Okay. What is a chifforobe?
791:  It was a tall usually about seven foot high and had a a lot of them had a mirror on one side with a storage overhead across the top a place to hang clothes on hangers and then a few drawers underneath. A place for the men's hat or the lady's hat and then usually a drawer across the bottom.
Interviewer:  Okay. So did you have kind of a long piece of furniture like that? Did you?
791:  No sir it was usually uh up until later years why it was a just rocker chairs or straight chairs.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  There's an old saying go most children why they learn walk on a straight chair because they would turn the straight chair as you probably saw 'em why just nothing but plain straight chair most of 'em made out of hickory wood uh cow hide at the bottom and most little fellers back them days would start learning to pull up while he turned the chair over to start with
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  then he'd push the chair on its back and hold to it and push it in front of him and that's the reason if you go around a lot of the old timing places now you can still find chairs with the wooden backs and the back of the two back legs wore off because children would push them around on the floor learning to walk.
Interviewer:  {NW} You call that now a what?
791:  That would be a a divan
Interviewer:  Divan?
791:  Divan
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. uh Any other names for it that you know
791:  Couch.
Interviewer:  Okay uh yeah they have those maybe in the in the what?
791:  They probably have them in the more modern homes.
Interviewer:  Well
791:  And in later years
Interviewer:  yeah. Did you have a room where your mother wouldn't let you go in usually or you only use that for visitations?
791:  No sir we had free free access to all the rooms.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about uh what about um the parts of the house uh did you have what was what'd you call the room where you did most of your most of the you know family business in or stay in most the time or?
791:  Well the livin-living room is where
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  livin-living room was uh
Interviewer:  Your family likes to eat huh?
791:  yeah. Liv-living room uh we we that's where everybody ga-gather up in the evenings uh when it begin to get dark. {X} A lot of time I-I supper for parch peanuts or pop pop corn and sit around and talk 'til bed time.
Interviewer:  yeah. Okay now you uh the tables, chairs and all this is called what the?
791:  Dining table and chairs.
Interviewer:  Well you might all this you call the what? The fur or the
791:  uh you mean in the dining area? Dining
Interviewer:  Well just anything in any room you'd say you call this the Furn
791:  Furniture.
Interviewer:  Okay alright alright. Um did you have now those things hanging down the window what do you call them?
791:  Uh shades
Interviewer:  Shades? Okay. Um
791:  So you had shades back those days and uh a lot of people had curtains. We had curtains. Lot of 'em only had the shades.
Interviewer:  yeah. yeah. Some people some folks didn't even have uh some folks just had wooden uh
791:  A lot of people had wooden shutters wooden. A lot of 'em had uh log homes with uh wooden shutters.
Interviewer:  Must've been wet in
791:  With the cracks filled with clay.
Interviewer:  yeah. yeah.
791:  Cold out.
Interviewer:  uh Now um did you have a little room off the bedroom which you'd hang your clothes in?
791:  No sir it was usually a little closet that was built in one corner of the bedroom.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  It wasn't like it is this day in time with hall closets and they just be one little uh deal. Squared off in the corner you'd hang your clothes and
Interviewer:  uh you well some folks used to have a did you have like a piece of furniture that was uh that was you know when you had hun- hung your stuff? Was that the chifforobe you called it?
791:  That was chifforobe.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. uh You know was a wardrobe was? Di-did folks ever use those?
791:  Yes sir. They used those too. That was that was it was on the same principle of as the chifforobe.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. Now did you have a room at the top of the house that?
791:  No sir we didn't have a room at the top of the house. It was uh There was attic but there was no room.
Interviewer:  Oh okay. Well that's what I was talking about.
791:  yeah th-there was there was no attic I mean no rooms livable.
Interviewer:  Okay. uh Now you say did most did folks some folks have a kitchen of the house uh or
791:  A lot a lot of families had their kitchen off set from the old home. Well they'd have a walkway from the main house to the kitchen.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  A covered walkway.
Interviewer:  And you call that the the what? Did you did it did it have a name for it uh?
791:  Nothing just a walkway.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if you had a back porch or something like that what'd what'd you call that? The?
791:  It would be back porch
Interviewer:  Back porch.
791:  Back porch some of them be a straight back porch some back porches would be an L-shape. In order to square up the house, well they they might have a room that extended on past the last two rooms and then they uh just squared up where they put small back porch to square up the large house.
Interviewer:  Okay. What um they wouldn't have a uh maybe a stoop? Wha-what did you would you ever did you ever hear the word stoop used for something? #1 that stoop? Okay. #
791:  #2 No sir I don't I don't believe #
Interviewer:  Alright. Now {X} worthless things you about to throw away where'd you keep those? What c-can you tell me about the buildings the rest of the buildings on the you had you know at the place that sort of thing?
791:  Well uh we had uh {D: Ragler's} uh chicken house in fact we had chicken house that uh was screened in. World War One I presume it was there was a colonel {X} {B} built it his home.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And {NW} he built a chicken house before my dad bought the place and he even had screened windows of {D: slotch} to where the chickens could get out and he could shut them up from the vermins. And we had a large uh two story barn with a hay loft over head and stables underneath for keeping the livestock. About the uh that's about just the way that we usually had a potato {D: kiln} where we kept our sweet potatoes.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  Potato bank.
Interviewer:  yeah somebody told me you know what was a potato bank? Tell me about can you tell me about what those were?
791:  Well my father built one why he just dug in dug down in the ground approximately a foot deep and about four feet wide and about twelve fifteen feet long.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  And then put {X} the side of the bank. He caved it off with heavy timbers. And built roof over it and in the fall of the year when you go baking your sweet potatoes why you would you had one side of it that you would lift off at the end of our roof. You'd just lay it over out of the way. You'd start at the rear of the you'd start at the rear of the potato bump and start dumping your potatoes in and work to the front. And you would have straw on the bottom an-and when you got all the potatoes in before you put the top back on why you'd gather straw and cover the potatoes to prevent them from freezing. Then you'd lift the side roof back on and then you had a door large enough to get in it at the front and you'd that's where you'd go in to get your potatoes to use for the winter.
Interviewer:  Huh.
791:  And they would usually keep good there.
Interviewer:  Now did you have a lot of old stuff that you you know kept or on a farm people never throw anythings away.
791:  Well uh not not all that much because uh back those days they wouldn't not put your things that was not usable as of this day in time. In other words, most of the things back them days was strictly toola to work will ya and uh you didn't have uh fifteen or twenty plastic buckets and metal buckets uh around uh
Interviewer:  Didn't have a lot of
791:  You didn't have a lot of that. You had a well bucket and a water bucket and a dipper and a tea kettle and maybe a foot tub or two and that was about the limit of it. But uh they wasn't near as much junk back those days as there as there is this day in time.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  Cause the-there were not many manufactures of all the different kinds of containers and things.
Interviewer:  Did you have a place where you stored your tools or uh
791:  We-we had a wagon shed that we kept the wagon under and that's where you kept the horse harness saddle bags blankets and kept all your tools
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Those things go to my father and I guess I pretty well followed after him. Well my father always made the remark that uh he could go in if no one bothered it well he could go to the darkest night there was and put his hands on any tool or equipment that he had without a light and he could do it too.
Interviewer:  Kept it clean how?
791:  He kept everything where he knows where it's at. He could put his hand on it without a light.
Interviewer:  Now uh how how would you get from the first floor to the second floor on in a regular house? You'd use what the?
791:  Stairway.
Interviewer:  Stairway?
791:  Stairway
Interviewer:  What any difference inside and out? Does it have
791:  No sir they the same be the same thing be either inside stairway or outside. Most of 'em was inside where they wouldn't wouldn't rock.
Interviewer:  Did uh did um let's see Pat can you tell me about the work woman had to do on the farm uh or woman had to do you know
791:  Well they they cook prepared stuff to can.
Interviewer:  On Monday and Tuesday they'd usually do their?
791:  Probably they'd do their washing on Monday or Tuesday.
Interviewer:  Okay. Te-tell me about how to do that. Ca-can you remember?
791:  My dad had the old timing washtubs and a rub board. and uh I saw my mother do it a million times. She'd wash put have the wash pot with uh full of water and she'd put her clothes on and put add the uh soap there wasn't detergent and all of these modern {NW} things it was uh usually lye soap made out of hog lard or waste lard and lye. Um she would use the lye soap and borrow the clothes and then rub 'em and then on a rub board and rinse 'em. Do about two or three washes. And the biggest part of this was did it out of the spring it was down under the hill because it was easy it was easier easier to dip water from the spring than it was to draw water from the well.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  So she had to set up uh place to for her wash tubs and there was a large rich lighted stump right by the spring. And when you would wanna drink water well you didn't run to the faucet or to the ice box refrigerator to get water. There was usually a gourd dipper made out of a gourd hanging on the spring and you'd go down to the {NS} get you a drink of water out of the gourd sit on the stump while you cooled a little.
Interviewer:  {NW} Oh my goodness Oh now she'd carry the clothes down to the spring in a in a maybe a?
791:  Usually in a sheet.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  Bring a sheet out put all of her family wash on the sheet tie 'em up in a knot carry 'em to the spring and when she was finished well she'd put them in a tub and carry them to the line and hang 'em. And of course iron time came. Well she'd iron all the clothes need to be ironed with an old wooden iron that uh you had on a wood cook stove. You'd heat the iron on the wood cook stove.
Interviewer:  Now the back yard you had to kept it keep it?
791:  It was kept clean mostly usually those days well you'd let grass grow in the yard and keep it mowed. You kept it hoed
Interviewer:  That's what I hear.
791:  and swept with a yard brush. It had to be spotless.
Interviewer:  Really? Where would you keep that broom usually up?
791:  Usually on the end of the porch.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. um Behind the door ever or back of the door? Would you say?
791:  No sir not the yard broom.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 Cause the # broom was made out of dogwood uh scraps. You would take the yard broom you'd build it out of cut some really young tender dogwood several of them and uh let 'em dry and strip the leaves off of 'em and tie 'em with a string tie a bundle of 'em and that's the way you'd make a yard broom. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  Excuse me. So what'd you call a part of the um up on the uh covers the house that's the?
791:  Roof.
Interviewer:  Well uh yeah um
791:  Board? Board roof.
Interviewer:  Did you have a place on the roof where you uh you know where they'd carry the water off from the edge of the house? uh
791:  No sir back uh we did uh just the water poured off the edges. A lot of people where water was a scarcity well a lot of people would have a a gutter trough that would run to a cistern. Either above ground cistern or a under ground cistern. And your underground cistern was no more than a dug well except it was huge in diameter and pretty deep to where it would store up a lot of water for the dry months.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  Fill each cisterns in the rain period and use that water then when there wasn't any left.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  We-we always was blessed with plenty of water spring and well water shallow right. Easy.
Interviewer:  How yeah okay. uh Now if you have a house the part where maybe two roofs come together you call that the what?
791:  Valley.
Interviewer:  The valley? Okay. Alright. um Did you have a place where you store your wood? Tell me about what you had to do about getting wood in for the fire and that.
791:  W-we usually in the late fall of the year well we'd uh {X} cut the saw and the wagon and ax and saw and go and cut the fire wood and haul it for several days and cut six or eight cords and stack it up where it would be easy access to the fireplace. For you it would be outside of the yard. Use a hard wheel wheel bar to bring the wood to the porch. And then
Interviewer:  Then you'd bring your
791:  Every evening why you'd bring the wood in and stack it up high on the porch and then you'd have wood for the next morning or 'til the next evening.
Interviewer:  Okay. Your mother might tell you to go get a?
791:  A load of wood, an arm load of wood
Interviewer:  A load of wood okay. Alright. um Now uh did you have did you have an outdoor toilet?
791:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Okay. What uh what did you call that? The?
791:  Call it call it the outdoor toilet.
Interviewer:  Okay. Folks have any funny names for it or joking names for it uh?
791:  uh
Interviewer:  If you remember
791:  Not that I remember {X} uh
Interviewer:  Pretty or
791:  No. No-not that I remember {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. Just call it maybe the outhouse?
791:  Outhouse. A lot of people called it the outhouse.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what now other parts of the places in barn. Where would you uh I mean places on the farm where would you keep your hay or or you store your hay at?
791:  In the upstairs up over the uh where you kept your livestock and then you had a hay rack that well which was more than a hole cut in the floor of the hay barn. And you had your hay trough and right built underneath this hole {X} you didn't have to bring the hay back down the ladder. You'd just climbed the ladder and put however much hay you wanted to down through this hole opening into the long hay racks.
Interviewer:  In-into the trough?
791:  Into the trough and the racks.
Interviewer:  Huh
791:  And that way you didn't have to bring the hay down the ladder or throw it out on the ground in the dirt. And you'd just feed it right through uh feeding lots of hay well you'd just pile a bunch of it on top of it and it'd stop with it well it would keep falling and working it's way down.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay now the barn you used for uh so the barn you used for for what what all you know what other purposes?
791:  Yo-you had stables that you kept your horses in.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  And stables you kept cows in. And then you had an open shed where cows could stay under it on the rows. Uh this particular barn had uh my father why it was made out of twelve by twelve the foundation.
Interviewer:  Oo
791:  Made out of twelve by twelve rich lighter.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And each joint was there was a hole chiseled with a wooden {X} wood chisel and a hammer and a oblong round it was chiseled all the way through and then the end of the next twelve by twelve it was going to go cross ways would be tapered in this oblong and put through this hole.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And then a hole drilled all the way through all three of 'em with about an inch and a half or two inch rich lightered uh plug that went through that to hold it together. In other words it wasn't it wasn't nails wouldn't have held it
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
791:  and that large of timbers so they drilled a hole and put this large plug through it. And that's the way it was built.
Interviewer:  Good work.
791:  It was some good work.
Interviewer:  huh Now you stored corn in a?
791:  Corn crib usually made out of logs. Some people split them some people used little small round ones.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Our particular corn crib well it was split. It was made out of split logs. It was split wide open.
Interviewer:  Uh this did you have a place where uh you might store uh grain of some sort any other sort of grain uh?
791:  No sir they uh back those days well you didn't have uh the bins and different types of grains about all you had was corn and maybe {D: sorghum} heads or dried peas and you'd usually put them in the barn or in a place where they would cure without rotting. You'd have the peas and sorghum heads and corn is about the only free and peanuts. You'd actually you would have your {D: stalks} peanuts {NW} cut the long wooden stakes and maybe your two little short planks about twelve by fourteen inches from the end and you would drive the stake in the ground.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And then you would gather the you'd pull you peanuts and when they dried enough that the dirt would shake off why you'd carry the peanuts vines to the stake and just catch a small amount of limbs on one side and leave all the other limbs on the other side. And you'd take a small amount of limb and wrap it around the stake and you'd keep going all the way around 'til that was in order to make it shed water. Well the water would go in and uh that way when the peanuts cured why this uh you could just lean the stalk over lean the shock over and carry it to the barn.
Interviewer:  yeah. Huh Pretty good. And that's how you dried 'em?
791:  That's how you dried 'em. Air can circulate obvious because those two little wooden planks they would cross the end would be hold peanuts off the ground for air would circulate underneath the shaft.
Interviewer:  Hmm. uh now up the part part of the barn where you kept put hay you call the?
791:  The hay loft.
Interviewer:  Okay. Did you ever see um did you ever have a time where you grew too much hay you couldn't keep it all in the barn?
791:  No sir I don't believe. You-you'd usually make room for for the hay.
Interviewer:  yeah. Well did you ever see it out in the field uh in a what? What did uh what would they keep it in?
791:  Hay stack yo-yo-you some people stacked it out here in the field. My father never did he always put it in the hay loft. But a lot of people made a hay shock they'd drive up the state then go to putting the hay around the shock and as the shock build up well they'd take a pitch fork and keep raking the hay. So the outside from the stake to the outside which would make the grass lay straight and would have a tendency to do the same as the peanuts. It would make it shed water.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  To keep it from rotting.
Interviewer:  So a shock was a what?
791:  Ha-hay stack or a hay shock.
Interviewer:  Alright when you tell me about uh the cutting hay and that sort of thing. Do you remember doing it to the?
791:  We had the old uh horse-drawn hay cutter mowing machine. Horse-drawn hay mower and then you had a horse-drawn rake that would you would rake the hay
Interviewer:  Into
791:  into a uh windrow and that ev-every time you'd come to that certain spot you'd trip your hay rake and it would dump the hay. And you'd rake it up in piles with this horse drawn dump rake and then you'd have
Interviewer:  These piles you call the what? The windrow?
791:  Windrow. And then you'd had uh your two horse wagon. With a bed on it now my father did and he did it a little different to a lot of the farmers. But my father always had this two horse wagon and he'd take me with two large uh pieces of heavy timber for the front and for the rear and made a cross out of 'em.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And put a large bolt through it well this he would put one of these in the front and one in the rear and let it uh one end with two by four stick down in one corner of the front of the bed and the other end with two by four sticking in the other end. When you put this on the front and rear and then laid about three or four planks. Well that would throw your hay you could put hay all two or three feet out past the wheels on each side you just make what they call a a hay frame. And that way you could pile a lot of loose hay on this hay frame and head to the barn. I on the same principal that load of hay you see in the picture there it looks like you might have hay frames on that wagon.
Interviewer:  yeah. That's a pretty picture. uh Now did you ever see hay covered maybe in sort of a with four poles it had a sliding roof a tin roof something like that on it? #1 Did you ever see #
791:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 You ever saw that? #
791:  #2 I never saw that #
Interviewer:  Okay. um now did you have a place where you special place where you'd milk the cows? Outside maybe a?
791:  You-you'd just usually milk them in the lot.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  You'd have usually back those days you kept the milk cows calf up every day and uh the cow would run outside
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
791:  and then when the cow came up out that evening or when some of the children had to go drive her up well you'd the mother would milk the calves and just let the milk guy in. Rope off the calf and cow would stand there most back then they well there wasn't all this new types of feed you-you'd feed 'em peanut vines and uh nubbins of corn and
Interviewer:  And you just Okay tell me about what you did you-you'd once you got the milk what would you carry it in? What I mean what would milk 'em in a?
791:  You'd milk them in a milk pail and you'd car-carry the milk to the house and strain it. Through what they call a strainer. Back those days why it was more nothing more then uh a thin flour sack.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
791:  You'd strain the milk and you'd strain it into either gallon buckets or glass jars. And there wa-was no refrigeration. There was no ice boxes. So you didn't run to the refrigerator or the ice box for your milk. you wanted milk to be cool and wanted it to be sweet for supper that night if you milked in the morning well you'd take this milk and put it in the container that you could seal water tight and you would either set it in the spring or let it down in the well on a rope. And leave it there 'til it's time to use it.
Interviewer:  Okay what'd you call it when you maybe sat in the a place where well where did you have a place where uh water would run by milk excuse me and keep it cool?
791:  Well a lot of times we'd leave it at the spring while we had we had a place that uh we'd let the had more it was nothing more then a a little small pond below the spring that was fenced in for no stop could get to it and you'd set the milk in this little pond and water would it was within a foot of the spring and water would flow out the spring and run right through the milk.
Interviewer:  Okay. What would you call that dairy what was dairy a?
791:  Well a dairy was a place where that uh they milk several milk cattle.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. um A place where you might keep your potatoes or something like that?
791:  Well that'd be potato {D: kill} That-that's
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 What I'd #
Interviewer:  Alright okay. um now uh Di-did you keep where do you keep your hogs usually at?
791:  Well back those days the hogs run outside and you-you'd leave them outside. They'd eat grass, berries things through the summer you'd feed them a little stuff all through the summer. And then in the fall in the fall of the year why you would uh have your boars or the ones you wanted to butcher you'd bring them in and call 'em up and you'd after you'd gathered you crop well there's always waste corn, velvet beans sweet potatoes. Well then you would uh turn your hogs that you was going to butcher for your meat uh you would turn them in to the field and let 'em get as fat as they would get until they had left the field out. Then you would put 'em in a pen
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And put the finishing touch to it with corn.
Interviewer:  {NW} Bet those boys were fat by the time you got 'em ready you know.
791:  You-you made you'd put up the only meat.
Interviewer:  yeah. yeah I'm-I wanna get ready to ask you about that. Now a place where around the barn that you left all the animals just kind of get out what would you call that?
791:  A lot.
Interviewer:  A lot?
791:  A lot or a run around pen.
Interviewer:  It was fenced in?
791:  Fenced in
Interviewer:  Okay. And then you decide you let 'em out what in the? Where would you let them out to graze?
791:  Out-outside back those days there wasn't too many pastures. I mean we didn't have a pasture. It was open range there was no stop laws anywhere
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  in this area. It was all open range.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And uh
Interviewer:  A pasture was was that usually fenced?
791:  It-it was fenced. A pasture would be fenced. Usually about two or three strands of barbed wire all that was necessary to keep stock in the pasture.
Interviewer:  What what type of fences did you have?
791:  Yo-you had the same uh fences as you have now. Barbed wire and net wire
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
791:  You had barbed wire fences and net wire most people had it uh if they were farming well they had to have net wire with barbed wire because back those days everybody had a hogs. It wasn't just one or two it was everyone had hogs and everyone had 'em marked everyone used uh their own hogs and usually the other people's hogs. Used the other man's mark.
Interviewer:  Okay talking about barb you said you had barbed wire fence. Did you ever have a type of fence made out of wood kind of a
791:  Rail fence?
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  yeah sure had rail fences.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay any different types of rail fences or? Well you had you had rail fences that was in a zig-zag they was a zig-zag you know you had to zig-zag the rail fence in order to stack 'em. In other words you'd have have 'em going in uh a zig-zag line in order to stack the ends of the rails for the next uh section of fence. Then you had uh a lattice fence. What they called a lattice fence. Well it was no more than take a oak usually white oak and cut it in about three and a half or four foot lengths Uh-huh
791:  and then split those to where that they was as wide as you could get 'em. But no thicker then about three quarters of an inch. Well the way you'd build this lattice fence you would take two long wires out of a nice wire. And tie 'em to the top of the post at the height of your lattice or top of your lattice fence was going to be. You tie 'em to then you take two at the bottom tie two of 'em then you'd take one lattice stand it up and put it next to your post. And you would cross your wires one time on your two bottom wires and your two top wires. And you put another lattice in and then cross each one of your two wires you tie it at the bottom again and put another one and you'd do this 'til you come to the next post. And you'd staple the top and the bottom wire to the post just like you did to it at the beginning. And you build a lattice fence and then if you wanted to you could put a barbed wire over the top of it. Then you had the picket fence you had a bottom latch and a top latch which is similar to the uh lattice fence the only difference you're nailing the pickets to a bottom lad and a top lad whereas you using wire for a lattice fence. You lacing it in. But the picket fence you'd have a bottom lad and a top lad and you would ride your pickets out of rich lightered or some people used cypress some people use oak. And they'd taper the sharpened ends of the pickets before the livestock wouldn't try to reach over and bite the flowers or plants that the {D: half} wife would have growing in the yard up next to the fence.
Interviewer:  yeah uh did you okay Did you have a type of thing extension you might build over top rail of a rail fence? uh Di- wo- would that it keep the fence high enough to uh hold out hold in the big animals you know? Uh rather then you know using more wood to build it up higher?
791:  #1 uh no #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  No sir th-the only way we ever did we we had the rail fence and usually about eight or nine rails high and then if they were something that wanted to push on it or something well you take one strand of barbed wire and run it on the outside or the inside or both uh about two and a half feet from the ground and that would keep them from getting up to it you'd have these points where your rails the ends of the rails crossed.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And that way while that livestock couldn't get up in the inside part of the rail fence to push the rails.
Interviewer:  Oh okay. Now did you ever raise cotton?
791:  Yes sir. Raised a little cotton not a whole lot.
Interviewer:  Tell me about the work you did.
791:  Well they they would they to me it was all work uh
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  I-I never after I married and got a family well I never grow but one bale of cotton and I said that was it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  Because I had to pick cotton whenever I was a child growing up and my dad my daddy planted cotton not in no big way but he planted uh a little cotton. and Imma tell you too much work in that cotton to suit me.
Interviewer:  You had to uh do uh you had to what? uh
791:  You had to chop it
Interviewer:  Chop it
791:  Then they was able to use nothing more than fitted in cotton you'd chop at least two or three stalks so far apart
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh you might say cotton was grown in a what? In a? Cotton?
791:  Patch?
Interviewer:  yeah. Okay.
791:  #1 yeah you'd have a cotton patch. #
Auxiliary:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Okay what would you wha-what kind of things would you grow in a patch maybe?
791:  Well you'd have a #1 sugarcane patch. #
Auxiliary:  #2 {NS} #
791:  #1 You'd have a sugarcane patch. #
Auxiliary:  #2 {NS} #
Interviewer:  Sugar-sugarcane patch?
791:  You'd have a sugarcane patch. Maybe a peanut patch. It'd be a small area for each you'd have different little patches.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay.
791:  We'd have a peanut patch, a sugarcane patch, course you had your big field that you had your cotton and your corn in and then you'd have a garden.
Interviewer:  yeah. Garden okay. If you wanted to start a hen lay what'd you wh-what'd you put in her nest sometimes uh to fool her or something like that?
791:  Well eh most times eh you didn't start 'em uh laying that way or my experience was uh you more or less they was chicken snakes and things like that until you would put a false egg in the hen nest.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  If there was a few you could leave a false egg there and uh in fact the {X} uh chicken snake they had been the old-timey glass white uh door knob that you used years ago on the door and why you'd put that white glass door knob in there and the chicken snakes would swallow 'em they'd been found with uh stumps the chicken snakes swallow the egg and then wraps himself around a object and crushes the egg. Well the chicken snake would swallow this glass door knob and he would end up dying because he couldn't crush the door knob.
Interviewer:  yeah. Somebody else told me that. And you call that egg a what? A chi-?
791:  Uh
Interviewer:  You ever hear folks call it a china egg?
791:  China egg.
Interviewer:  Okay alright. um now your but your china was what? That was your? Was that your?
791:  Your china was your
Interviewer:  What you'd eat off of.
791:  Right you
Interviewer:  Okay. Now you told me what sort of uh things did you have to carry water in. A bucket?
791:  A bucket.
Interviewer:  yeah okay. And yo-you
791:  You had a dipper. They
Interviewer:  Dipper made out of?
791:  Aluminum there's a general rule that uh at the house course down at the spring why you'd have the old-timey dipper made out of a gourd you'd take a gourd and make a dipper out of it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh did you you know what kind of bucket might you keep in your kitchen to throw scraps in for the pigs?
791:  That was usual that was called a slop bucket usually kept it outside. Close to the house uh close to the kitchen but it was kept outside.
Interviewer:  Okay. What'd you fry eggs in?
791:  A skillet.
Interviewer:  Your mother would fry
791:  fry skillet and bacon lard.
Interviewer:  Okay. Did she ever have a did she ever cook on the fire did you ever see?
791:  Uh very very {D: sullen uh} if she had something she was going to cook a long period of time and it was in the winter time well she would cook uh beans and things dry beans stuff that had to be uh cooked long period of time why she would uh set an iron pot in the coals of the fireplace.
Interviewer:  You might call that pot a what? A k- uh?
791:  It was just a huge iron pot with legs on it and some people baked their sweet potatoes on top of this large pot. They'd have something cooking in the pot and they'd lay the sweet potatoes on top of the lid. And some people even bake their sweet potatoes in the ashes. direct
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  Yep.
Interviewer:  yeah I yeah I heard that folks doing stuff like that D-did you ever um Did you now you call that iron pot a what a kettle? Did you ever have a kettle of any sort?
791:  Well you had a iron kettle
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  You had a iron kettle with a handle and a spout on it that you with and a lid that would slide back and forth And you would uh set there and set it direct on the fire. and uh heat your water. Okay and
791:  {D: Sausage.} cure my own meat. Smoke my own bacon.
Interviewer:  You bu-
791:  I do all my own butchering I'll get my brother to help me when I got big hogs. {D: I think} I got big hogs out there now.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  About uh {D: sixteen heads of 'em.} And I'll keep those {NS} I'll just feed 'em. {NW}
Interviewer:  That's great. Because you know I don't know I've talked to a lot of farmers recently. Yeah.
791:  Let me.
Interviewer:  Go ahead yeah. D- don't worry about it put.
791:  {D: I was gonna} back up just a little bit #1 uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
791:  Years ago I won't never forget uh one of the gentlemen's still living uh mr George {B} {D: out at} {D: Toro} {NS} his brother Wiley they were good good friends of ours and they had got ahold of a blue horse from one of my uncles.
Interviewer:  #1 A blue horse? #
791:  #2 A # blue horse. And they had no one ever been able to ride him except my uncle's son. And he rode him about twelve miles after working him all day. But the blue horse ended up uh during that twelve miles why he kicked the soles and heels off of my nephew's shoes by trying to throw him. #1 He he #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
791:  pitched what they call a fence roll. He when he
Interviewer:  #1 Pitched a fence roll? #
791:  #2 what started. # Pi- pitching why it was uh pitching a fence roll which they call the ol' ray of fence a zigzag motion.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 Well # {D: the Willy boy} #1 bought #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  {D: these horse} the blue horse and they worked him in the river field all day that particular day. So that afternoon well they decided that they'd ride the old blue. So mr George {B} asked his brother Wiley said uh Wiley said which one gonna ride old blue first? And George said it uh it don't make no difference. But Wiley he said I'll just ride him first.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  So when he did why George got on the horse.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 Well he # started bucking and pitching the fence roll. {NS} So Wiley hollered to George they had an old well there that they wasn't wasn't in use anymore. It was about twelve fifteen feet deep. So Wiley hollered at George said George said look out said old blue's headed for that old well. {NS} And when he #1 did #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  why George said that's all right said that's just where I want him.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 And # sure enough the old blue horse fell in the well. So when he fell in the well George got off of the blue horse and crawled out. Why nicely the horse fell in {NS} with his hind feet first and was in the well. And Wiley says now what are ever gonna do George? He said we gonna leave him in there 'til morning and he said when morning comes said we will dig him out.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 So # they left him in the well overnight. and the next morning they went down and started about ten or twelve feet out from the well and dug a trench down to where the blue horse could walk out of the well.
Interviewer:  #1 No kidding. #
791:  #2 Oh yeah # mr George {B} still living {D: in fact of business I've} talked with him about a week or ten days ago. He's f- getting feeble but he is still living.
Interviewer:  {NW} Did you used to raise did I bet folks had trouble breaking horses did you raise or any or break any of your own #1 or? #
791:  #2 Yes sir. We # we we raised our own horses and mules and and broke 'em.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 I'll # tell another incident. My brother he's living out at {D: Toro at} the present but my father had uh a young mare and she brought a baby colt and the colt had got up about six or eight ten months old and they came up from out on the open range and my daddy put 'em in the lot. Give 'em salt and let 'em know where home was. So my brother {D: Dinky} why he goes out there and started playing with pony the little baby colt and decided to put a rope on him. And my daddy told him said son don't put the rope on that horse said you can't hold that horse. My brother was young he said don't put that rope on that horse said you can't hold it. He said yeah I can hold it. Well my brother went ahead and put the rope on the horse. And when he did it scared the little colt. The little colt began to run and when he got to the locked fence why the colt jumped the locked fence and my brother hanging on the end of the rope and my daddy #1 sitting on the porch telling him to #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  don't turn that rope loose. {D: With that} round that colt's neck and him outside {NS} so it my brother throwed his foot up and just as he hit the fence and he throwed his foot up and went over the fence
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  And he finally wrapped the rope around a persimmon tree and he got the rope off. #1 My dad didn't go and #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  help him he let him buy his own experience.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  So he didn't he wasn't too anxious to rope any more of 'em.
Interviewer:  We used we used to ride heifers at my grandfather's. My grandfather's house was built up off the ground. You know its kind of underneath and and the I rode I was riding a heifer one time and and the thing got around and got under the house on me and flipped me off before I got under the house and uh it b- busted up about five hundred dollars worth of water pipes in the #1 house. #
791:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  {NW} I got some stories about #1 riding those ones #
791:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  riding stuff like that too. But we used to ride cows we didn't mess around with uh with breaking horses cause that's a man's job there.
791:  Oh we we broke we broke horses. {D: And.}
Interviewer:  Yeah. That's that's uh uh when we were kids uh you know you're when you get up and get some weight on you you might be able to do it but I I never took to it. Uh now uh your wife might uh what'd you call something you might keep flowers in? Uh one {D: cup} put 'em #1 in. #
791:  #2 Vase. #
Interviewer:  Yeah okay. #1 Uh. #
791:  #2 Flower # vase.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh you said you had your regular utensils to eat with? The?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  {D: And that's what?}
791:  Knives forks spoons.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Glasses.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Uh they were made out of what? Just regular old
791:  #1 They was on chinas. #
Interviewer:  #2 pewter or? #
791:  #1 China. #
Interviewer:  #2 China? # #1 China okay. #
791:  #2 As the # dishes were. {C: thump} Uh of course the forks and knives and spoons were made out of aluminum or
Auxiliary:  Made out of.
791:  stainless steel.
Auxiliary:  {X} {D: You wouldn't believe what it'd be made of just from looking.}
Interviewer:  Huh?
791:  I believe it was zinc coated. #1 Yeah I believe that's what most of the. #
Auxiliary:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 #
Auxiliary:  #2 # It wasn't like it is now {X} and it wasn't like stainless steel. You had #1 to #
791:  #2 {X} #
Auxiliary:  really be careful. {NS}
Interviewer:  ms uh {NS} ms {B} can I ask you where you're from and and uh?
Auxiliary:  I'm from eight miles south of Leesville. {D: Pretty close to where the lake is.}
Interviewer:  I see. Your your folks uh were they raised there or?
Auxiliary:  Yeah. My daddy was born and raised there. And but my mother came from Arkansas. {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. {X}
791:  {D: Two fat dogs out there.}
Interviewer:  {X}
791:  {D: So near Fort Polk out there.}
Interviewer:  Why is that?
791:  People doing mischief. {D: Doing what} mischief.
Interviewer:  At Fort Polk?
791:  Yeah. W- well from everywhere. {D: Where there's} all that much people in and out of there.
Interviewer:  Do you know what?
791:  Alcoholic beverages {D: and they was using} dope {D: and and all that.}
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 Yeah. #
Auxiliary:  You can't hear anybody eating it on the #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Its different here. We #
Auxiliary:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 it's # different here we don't have to be that particular here.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah? #
791:  #2 I got # dogs who'll bark without {NS} {D: biting dogs.}
Interviewer:  Yeah. You know uh mr uh this old black man I interviewed mr Harold {B} lives up back over there on that road. He uh he says this is good town.
791:  This is a good community here on both #1 sides. #
Auxiliary:  #2 Black # and white.
791:  #1 Black and white. #
Auxiliary:  #2 {X} # #1 {X} #
791:  #2 We don't have 'em. #
Auxiliary:  {X} {D: My mother was just} no. She'd be insane. {NS} {X} {D: And she thought every one of them was the devils was off to dance.} Sheets off the bed quilt oh you'd just give anything who had {X} dry beans {D: you know you put them jam in.} And uh we we had five sacks of dried beans that had been whipped out and picked out and {X} {D: you need to safely take them out in the sun you know on a day like today} {NS} We brought 'em in. I put them in on the floor and they always put them at the end of the bed on the floor. Came back one morning {D: something like that I mean everything that that} {X}
791:  This is one of the best communities #1 that uh anyone has ever lived in. #
Auxiliary:  #2 {D: We that's why I like this place.} #
791:  because well you've noticed when you drove up I've got everything under the sun scattered around here in the line of tools and equipment and they just anything and uh I never lock up anything. I've never missed anything. They you you can't beat this community right in this area and at one time while we {D: uh we} just uh three quarter of a mile down the road there was a home broken into. {D: They were identifying new} people moved in here and uh they didn't like just a short period of time until they found out what type of people they were and they moved out. In other words people didn't put up with anything. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
791:  But this is a good community right in here everybody keeps to their own business. They'll help you. They'll help you. And they don't bother nothing you've got if they need something why they'll come to you and ask sure if I need something I go to them and tell them I need so and so and you can {C: snapping fingers} get it. Anything you need just by asking.
Interviewer:  Yeah. #1 {X} #
791:  #2 And uh. #
Interviewer:  {X} It seems like a nice #1 community. #
791:  #2 It is. #
Interviewer:  {X} So you finished high school there in in {X} Okay. All right. Now uh after supper your dishes were dirty you had to wash 'em and?
Auxiliary:  {D: In a dishpan.} {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Wash the dishes
Auxiliary:  {X}
791:  dishpan.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
Auxiliary:  #2 Then heat # water on the stove.
Interviewer:  Yeah tell me about how you uh how you had to you know get your water cause uh.
791:  Well you'd have to draw your water. Either out of the well or from the spring until later years. Later years you put a hand pump down at the spring and pump the water from out of the spring up the hill into above the ground tank. Now that was in later years that was up in the thirties. Thirty-seven thirty-eight. I'd pump water up into this large tank that was overhead and then that was in thirty-seven thirty-eight {D: while I was gonna} built a bathroom on.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 And #
Interviewer:  #1 #
791:  #2 # got the running water in the in the house. In in bathroom and in the kitchen.
Interviewer:  #1 That's good. #
791:  #2 Then # course in later years why the water heater had come along.
Auxiliary:  {X}
791:  Yeah.
Auxiliary:  {X}
Interviewer:  So um when you w- when you worked in a field they might bring something out to you uh what'd you call you know they might bring water out to you in a what?
791:  Usually a bucket with a dipper. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay.
Auxiliary:  {X}
791:  But most of the time you would carry your water. You'd carry your water to the field with you and in a lot of instances your field wouldn't be right at the house. Your field possibly could be a mile from the house and you'd be {D: developed} and carry your water and {D: all the} tools you were gonna use that day or {X} and even you'd carry your lunch {NS} to the field. You wouldn't take time out to come back home to eat lunch. You'd take your lunch in a bucket with a lid on it.
Interviewer:  {D: Okay.}
791:  And carry your water.
Interviewer:  Now would would it ever come in a container maybe that was had something for you know some sort of a thing that had a little thing you could turn to get the #1 water out of it? #
791:  #2 No not # back those days we didn't. {X} had a spigot or a faucet on it. Uh.
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  You just got a a water bucket or {X}
Auxiliary:  {D: Big George usually.}
791:  {D: Big George's usually.}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call that uh what do you call that thing that you turn on the water now in the kitchen that's the?
Auxiliary:  Faucet.
791:  Faucet.
Interviewer:  Faucet okay. Uh one out in the yard you might call that a?
791:  Well then you'd call it a {D: dead} faucet.
Interviewer:  Faucet or?
791:  {D: Dead faucet.}
Interviewer:  #1 Or a spigot. #
Auxiliary:  #2 It's outside. #
Interviewer:  Okay. All right. Now uh what would what do you call a cloth or rag you'd use to wash the dishes with?
791:  Dish {D: rag.}
Auxiliary:  Dishrag is what we.
791:  Dishrag.
Interviewer:  Dishrag.
791:  {D: You'd use that to dry 'em.} Another one you might {X}
Interviewer:  Okay.
Auxiliary:  {D: He already knows that.}
Interviewer:  In your baby's face you might use a what a little old small piece of cloth.
791:  Cloth?
Interviewer:  You'd call that a what a?
791:  Washcloth.
Interviewer:  Washcloth. Okay. Now that's for babies what would you dry yourself off with?
791:  Usually a towel.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Towels.
Interviewer:  All right. {X} And you might say if it got so cold last night the water pipes? {D: They froze.}
791:  Uh back those days there wasn't nothing in the water pipes until later years.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  {D: Now what you} you you might have to break into the ice on top of the water of the bucket to get a drink. but in later years why they got to running water.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay. Um now flour used to come in tell me what things used to come in uh.
791:  Well flour'd come in twenty-four and forty-eight pound sacks. Flour'd come in twenty-four and forty-eight pound sacks and then you could buy it by the barrel.
Auxiliary:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Year #
Auxiliary:  {X}
791:  Years ago whenever my father was growing up why you had to go to Alexandria to get a barrel of flower from here in a wagon.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
Auxiliary:  #1 One a year. #
791:  #2 You'd go. # One a year you'd go drive their wagon and make one trip a year to Alexandria to pick up a barrel of flour. That was before there were stores like there is now. #1 At this day in time. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yes. #
791:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # #1 Speaking of #
791:  #2 Make # one trip a year
Interviewer:  #1 to Alexandria. #
Auxiliary:  #2 And all the wagons would go. #
791:  There'd be a bunch of wagons all go together. And pick up the different types of uh supplies that they needed to go about the year.
Auxiliary:  {D: They would go for a week.}
Interviewer:  Um. Well they used to sell everything what? Now they're selling everything in package they used to sell it?
791:  In the barrels or kegs or {D: sixtels.}
Interviewer:  I see. Um now what did molasses come in maybe a?
791:  Well you put it in uh gallon buckets. You made your own syrup back those days.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  My daddy had a syrup mill. Made his own syrup. Made it for all of the neighbors {D: all far and near.} Twelve fifteen mile radius. But my father made syrup for all of 'em.
Interviewer:  Now what was the difference between when I syrup and molasses or or was there?
791:  It's same one and the same. Syrup or molasses.
Auxiliary:  Older people don't when asked if {X} we call it syrup.
Interviewer:  I say the consistency of it uh you you'd say what molasses?
791:  Molasses is might be a little heavier. It might be #1 {D: thicker though.} #
Auxiliary:  #2 {X} # {X}
791:  #1 I've #
Auxiliary:  #2 {X} #
791:  I I think it's just according to the way that people say it. Uh the word syrup and molasses is one and the same as far as I'm concerned.
Interviewer:  Now did you ever make anything out of a hollow did you ever did get things out of a hollow log? To carry things in you know they did they ever use those?
791:  Out of a hollow log?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Kind of a barrel or a it was like a barrel o-only it.
791:  Well {NW} very very seldom a lot uh few uh farmers would uh take a hollow log and cut it off into sections and put a bottom in it and use it for a feed barrel. But most of 'em used it for a hog trough. They would take a hollow tree. {NS} And cut it off into four or five foot section. Then split it down the center.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  And then nail a board across each end of the two halves and make two large feed troughs for either hogs or cattle and horses.
Interviewer:  I see. Um now uh what would you use to pour something from a from a big you know into a narrow-mouthed bottle any way it would?
791:  A funnel or a fruit jar filler. #1 You've got #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
791:  two different objects there. Your fruit uh funnel is small for pouring uh liquid and a fruit jar filler is more for pour pouring larger stuff into the mouth of a jar.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put 'em in a?
791:  A paper paper sack.
Interviewer:  Okay. Paper sack uh did do #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Back # those days there wasn't that much fruit bought.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  You raised your own fruit. Most of it. Apples. Peaches. Pears. Plums. About the only thing that would ever be purchased would be uh bananas or coconut at Christmastime or some type of nut at Christmastime.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh how would sugar a large quantity of sugar come packaged up? Or maybe #1 {X} #
791:  #2 {X} # you could buy it in six pound sacks or a hundred pound sacks.
Interviewer:  I see okay. Folks wouldn't call that a {D: poke} or a? {X} ever heard of
791:  #1 Yeah I've I've I've heard of #
Interviewer:  #2 Poke sack or? #
791:  calling it a poke. It it mean it's nothing more than a br- brown paper sack #1 this #
Interviewer:  #2 What #
791:  day and time.
Interviewer:  What what would you call the amount of corn you might tell me about when you put the corn in the mill? Uh did you ever did you do that? #1 Uh. #
791:  #2 I've # had corns and mills whenever I was too too small to do anything else. My daddy put me on the horse and put me a sack of corn in front of me and tie it to where it couldn't fall off and when I got to mr Billy {B} why he would help me and the corn down off of the horse.
Interviewer:  Go ahead.
791:  mr Billy {B} he he had a grist mill and in the later years why mr {B} he had a grist mill that we carried the corn to and had made into meal.
Interviewer:  You'd call what uh d- did you ever the quantity of corn you might take to the mill at one time you'd call that a?
791:  A sack of corn.
Interviewer:  Sack?
791:  Sack of
Interviewer:  #1 corn. #
791:  #2 Really? #
Interviewer:  {X}
791:  #1 Pardon? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah okay. Never heard that. Um what did you call the bag you you might uh that potatoes would be put in or or uh meal or or seed or something like that.
791:  Well if you if you were carrying uh potatoes or something like that why you'd call it a grass sack.
Interviewer:  Grass sack?
791:  Right. {C: thump} Now if you're just carrying something like corn or meal why you'd carry it in a a cotton cloth sack where you wouldn't get the grass fuzz on it or in it.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  And #1 for as little #
Interviewer:  #2 Go ahead. #
791:  as little as you might think why even though all all of those years have passed well I never buy meal. It would be a a very rare occasion now for me to buy a five or a ten pound bag of meal {C: thump} because I I make my own corn. I shell it now with electric sheller.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  I have at least three or four gallons of cornmeal. Fresh cornmeal. In the deep freeze now. In other words right now I can show you three or four or possibly five gallons of glass jugs with cornmeal in it. And which is enough to do me from now till my corn's dry and ready to have more made for another year's supply.
Interviewer:  Now I saw those over there what do you call those things uh that they were shelling them? You'd I mean they were doing what? #1 They were? #
791:  #2 They was # shelling butter beans to put in the deep freeze. They was shelling butter beans.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  I haven't sold any butter beans and everybody wanting to buy butter beans but I've I have plenty to put in my freezer.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Um.
791:  Baby limas most people call 'em. {D: My} wife says there's a difference between a butter bean and a baby lima cause uh baby limas don't runt. It's a bush type and she calls butter beans the runt the runts.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
791:  #2 And they're usually # spotted or a large larger bean than the little baby limas. {D: Bunch bigger.}
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 Much. #
Interviewer:  What type of beans do you have? Uh.
791:  We have the baby limas. That's our that's our only type we #1 have. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
791:  Baby limas.
Interviewer:  Yeah and the and you got the butter uh #1 b- butter {X} #
791:  #2 That that's the # same as {X} #1 A lot of people #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
791:  call 'em butter beans but it's a baby lima.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh well uh you call that grass sack. What was that uh it what can you describe it? W- was it like a brown?
791:  Just it's just a brown grass sack. They uh feed came in 'em. Most of 'em they now at this day and time why they ship {D: and cost in} uh all types of nuts. Coconuts and almonds and {C: thump} all the different types of nuts from Brazil and everywhere in the same type of grass sack only they're a little heavier. They're made out of burlap A lot of people call 'em burlap sack.
Interviewer:  #1 Or a croker you ever hear of a? #
791:  #2 Yeah. # croker sack. {C: background voices} Tow sack. Lot of people call 'em tow sack. {C: background noise} Now I think the reason they got the n- name tow sack is because you usually would tie a strap on 'em and carry 'em on your {D: head.} Put the strap around your head and and on you'd let it rest on your shoulder. And you'd pick peas or beans or cotton in it and you'd be a kicking it every time you {D: made a step} with your toes and that's the reason that a lot of people call 'em tow sack.
Interviewer:  You think most folks refer to 'em as tow sacks or or grass sacks? #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Grass sack. #
Interviewer:  Grass sack. Okay. Now wh-what would you put in a uh your potatoes in when you're picking 'em in the field you might?
791:  You'd put 'em in any type of old container. Uh like uh an old tub that had a hole in it that you couldn't no longer use for a wash tub. Why you'd carry the old tubs to the field and dig your potatoes. Pick 'em up and put 'em in the in the tub and then set 'em in the wagon or on a slide. Lot of people used a slide where it was {D: close to places.} Hard to access with a wagon. Why you'd have a homemade slide built on runners and {D: floors} that one animal would dr- pull Horse or a mule. You'd set several tubs or baskets on this slide and you'd haul 'em to the barn in wash tubs or any type of containers.
Interviewer:  Can I ask you a favor?
791:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Something you might carry your clothes in a clothes?
791:  Basket or?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Did you ever use that?
791:  Yes sir u- use that but #1 most #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
791:  time it was just in uh they'd do the clothes up back what years ago why they'd lay down a dirty sheet and pile all of the clothes that was to be washed that particular day on this sheet and then bring all four corners up together and tie it in a knot and carry it to the {D: for it} whatever type of wash area you had either spring or a well.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now tell me how you let your your uh you checked your you know? At night how you got the house lit and things like. Did y'all have?
791:  You had kerosene lamps.
Interviewer:  Okay and you burned in them what? You burned?
791:  Kerosene.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 Burned # burned kerosene in your lamps.
Interviewer:  Any old names for that? Folks they would call it? Anything else?
791:  Not that I know of. Kerosene or coal oil. #1 I've heard some #
Interviewer:  #2 Coal oil? #
791:  people did call it coal oil #1 by product. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. # All right. What might you call maybe a makeshift kind of lamp that you'd make out of just uh wood splinters you know light it or or something or maybe uh you'd put coal oil in a bottle or something and put a rag on the end of it? Like that?
791:  Oh well we ne- we never did do that because uh it would create so much smoke.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
791:  #2 And then it would # set up
Interviewer:  #1 Well that's what I mean #
791:  #2 now. {X} #
Interviewer:  something you might use out of doors #1 or. #
791:  #2 Oh # yeah you could use uh out of doors. Why we'd use splinters. Take {D: ripped lighter} splinters and make 'em real long out of real rich uh splinters. Pine. And that's the way you'd do your hunting or going to run you {D: your} trotlines or your hooks. Why you'd have these long rich splinters and let that hot tar get on you while you was carrying the splinters if you had didn't hold it just right why this black tar that was red hot would drop on you and burn you.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  But.
Interviewer:  You'd call that a what a a?
791:  Just you'd uh just call it a splinter light or.
Interviewer:  A torch #1 or? #
791:  #2 Torch. #
Interviewer:  Uh did you ever hear the word flambeau?
791:  #1 No sir I don't believe I ever heard it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you? {X} # All right. Um now uh nowadays you got electric lights and when a when a light burns out in an electric lamp you have to put in a new?
791:  Bulb.
Interviewer:  New? {D: Buckle.}
791:  L- light.
Interviewer:  Light bulb? Uh what runs around the barrel? What used to run around the barrel? The hole or? The wood that stays in place that was old?
791:  Sta- uh rim. {NW} An old stave a wooden s- stave. Barrel?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  That was uh.
Interviewer:  It was a metal uh?
791:  A metal band.
Interviewer:  #1 Would uh call that a hoop or a? #
791:  #2 {D: Metal or.} #
Interviewer:  Hoop.
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Hoop? Hoop. {C: pronunciation}
791:  Hoop.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 Metal # hoop.
Interviewer:  All right. Um now in the top of a bottle you might put a?
791:  Cork.
Interviewer:  Before they had.
791:  Cork or stopper.
Interviewer:  I see. So before they had uh that's what you had to use didn't you before?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
791:  Course now they they've been out for years I have one. I have it right in the bottle. Uh bottling machine that you could uh.
Interviewer:  {NW} #1 You have everything. #
791:  #2 Buy the bottles. # In other words you could bottle uh ketchup. You could make your own y- you made your own ketchup back those days. Why you could take and have your bottles and you could pick up uh bottle caps that {D: on the} places where they had the cold drinks you'd had usually had to get 'em. Course that's been several years ago that was back in the thirties and forties.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  But I have a regular bottling machine that I could I could {C: thump} bottle up anything right now. In in the line of uh ketchup or anything like that. Course I hadn't used it in twenty-five or thirty years. Maybe longer. But.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
791:  But I have one.
Interviewer:  Uh now a little instrument that kids would play or {X} folks would play what do you call those? #1 You'd call 'em? #
791:  #2 French harp. # Or juice harp.
Interviewer:  For uh oh both of them? Jew's harp you'd?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  {X}
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Okay can you tell me about the parts of a wagon? You you remember I'm sure you remember.
791:  Well you had a one horse and a two horse. If you had a one horse wagon why it had a pair of shafts in it. They called it shafts. And uh you'd have {X} shaft. Back the horse {C: thump} in and hook him up to the wagon and do the shafts up on the hames. {X}
Interviewer:  What would you what would you say when you're getting the horse into the {NS} into the wagon like that what would you tell him? You'd?
791:  U- usually why you'd just tell him to back up. And he uh horses were #1 trained. #
Interviewer:  #2 So back up? # #1 The word back up? #
791:  #2 Yeah. Yeah. You'd # back up. And the horse would back up and you'd hook him up then. In a two horse wagon why you had a a one tongue and then you had the breast tree which had a chain on each side that you could fasten to the horse's or a mule's collar. (C: background voice} Fasten to a mule's horse horse a mule's collar.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  And uh then you had a different length bed that you could let out. In other words the wagon the bed was the same. {D: It was} same length but you could take the bed off and you could uh use the {D: cup and fold} why you could uh extend it if you wanted to haul something long why you could extend it out several feet.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh #
791:  #2 And # if you wanted to haul extra long timbers or anything why you could extend the frame of the wagon out like uh just modern day log trucks {D: you trail away} you can extend them or shorten them.
Interviewer:  I see. Now uh the the wagon between the wagon you had the what? The part that went between the horses that was the? The tongue?
791:  Tongue.
Interviewer:  Tongue? And uh the the tr- thing the traces come back to in order to hitch up?
791:  Singletree.
Interviewer:  That would be singletree?
791:  Or doubletree where it was a double double horse wagon or where you're using two animals it'd be a doubletree.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. All right. Now the the wheels would fit onto the?
791:  Hubs. Or spindle.
Interviewer:  Oh what was the hub?
791:  Well that's the hub is the {NW} inside of the wheel.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 And the # spindle is the object gets picked out that you slip the hub over. The spindle is the in other words the {D: bag.}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the metal part the? That um the metal part on did you have a metal part on the outside of a #1 wheel? #
791:  #2 Well that # held the uh wooden spokes in?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Just called it a metal rim.
Interviewer:  A rim? Okay. All right. Um now the wheels fit onto the what the?
791:  The spindle.
Interviewer:  Y- yeah the spindles fit onto the?
791:  The hub.
Interviewer:  The hub?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay. I mean. This held the wheels together? The two wheels together?
791:  Oh axle.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 Axle. # Yeah I thought I meant what you meant.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} Tell me about uh what what did you use to break ground with in the spring? Uh.
791:  Well uh uh usually a turning plow. Some people would use a middle buster.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
791:  #2 But we'd # usually u- uh use a turning plow.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  {D: Either flat break it or bed it up.} Two furrows or four furrows.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
791:  #2 If you want to # bed it all the way out you'd bed it out four furrows. You just wanted to throw two furrows up and leave a bulk why you'd two furrow.
Interviewer:  I see. Um. Now you uh uh you what would you use maybe to to break something up even the ground up even finer a?
791:  {NW} {D: Dixie?}
Interviewer:  #1 Disc it? #
791:  #2 With # a horse drawn bit.
Interviewer:  Okay y- you'd say you're doing what you were?
791:  Leveling.
Interviewer:  You.
791:  You've ditched things up to kill the grass. #1 Or. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
791:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Yeah before a disc did you have any did you maybe drag a uh bedsprings across the field? Some folks used to do that didn't #1 they? #
791:  #2 No sir. # Not years ago.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 {X} My # my dad never did and I didn't when I a boy growing up. Course now this day and time I've have section harrows and I've used even a chain uh piece of chain link heavy wire. It will do a neater job than section harrows or anything as far as leveling your ground and breaking up the clods. A piece of heavy chain link wire will do a better job than any of it.
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Huh.
791:  But uh my daddy would always just two furrow to four furrow it even when I was a boy growing up and started plowing why I'd two furrow to four furrow it out. And then if I wanted to bed back I'd break the little bulk out and then bed back on {X} how many furrows I wanted to to plant.
Interviewer:  Hmm. Can uh can you tell me about the road type roads you had here. Tell tell me all about the #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Well they #
Interviewer:  #1 #
791:  #2 # th- there was just a plain old road and there wasn't too many gravel roads back them days until the the state started graveling and the roads but most of 'em were just plain uh roads beat out through the woods from one place to the other. And what will back years ago they weren't even graded. Uh the worst if they would get impassible and in fact some of 'em get impassible for a wagon. And they weren't even graded back a lot of 'em the main roads might be but uh years ago why if a place got bad enough why they'd go in there with the poles and runway it. And uh which here four years ago why {NW} I can uh I can show anybody some of the old poles and runways that was put in there years ago because the {X} kept blading the roads down flat 'til the all of the road beds gone and the water's running down the center of the roads. Now this day and time now with all the modern equipment.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And uh #1 And #
Interviewer:  #2 Well if you # well first you had what you had? Just regular?
791:  You used to have a dirt road.
Interviewer:  #1 Dirt road. #
791:  #2 That wasn't # maintained or or anything.
Interviewer:  Then you got gravel and?
791:  Well then you got a a road that had ditches or was shaped. And then you begin to get gravel roads.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
791:  And in later years the blacktops and concrete.
Interviewer:  But it wasn't nothing to come to a to a road sometimes and there'd be a log across the #1 you know? #
791:  #2 No sir. #
Interviewer:  They were.
791:  Trees fall across it have to go around it or carry a ax with you all the time if you was in a wagon Why or you could chop a tree out of the way.
Interviewer:  You'd get a get a horse and tie a rope to the log and #1 you'd go? #
791:  #2 Drag # him out of the way.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Drag it out of the way.
Interviewer:  Did you have to do that much?
791:  Not n- not a whole lot. Very very seldom.
Interviewer:  Okay. You'd say we we did what we tied a rope to the to the log and we?
791:  Drag it.
Interviewer:  #1 Drag it off? #
791:  #2 Out into the # woods. #1 Out #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
791:  out of the road.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Now I {D: asked Wendell} and he seemed to remember when there were times here that uh that uh there were just you just uh trails back through the woods uh. #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Well that was. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
791:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  They's still some. {D: Now what they} still roads just not maintained by uh parish motor patrol or anything. They's roads just not maintained at all.
Interviewer:  I know that but {X}
791:  #1 Yup. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  Yes.
Interviewer:  {NW} #1 I know that for a fact. #
791:  #2 I I carried them # butane since nineteen fifty. I carried them butanes from nineteen fifty up to fifty-eight.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Oh yeah.
791:  #1 I've been there lots of times. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # You know the roads.
791:  There's very few places I haven't been in Vernon Parish. If I worked with {D: three W} Butane Company. And then I also work with {D: Moser, Spence, and Owner's} company for eleven years. So there are very few houses I haven't gone to at one time or another in Vernon Parish.
Interviewer:  How would you say the roads are around here?
791:  Some of 'em is good and some of 'em is very {D: proofed.}
Interviewer:  Yeah. Uh well um talking about uh you know most of the main roads around here are? What? Are what kind they're?
791:  Most of the main roads are blacktop.
Interviewer:  Blacktop. Okay. They're made out of what? #1 Uh. #
791:  #2 Asphalt # and gravel.
Interviewer:  Tar?
791:  Seal with oil and tar and gravel.
Interviewer:  Okay. All right. Um now speaking about roads what would you call maybe a a little road that went off from the main road? That was a?
791:  Side road or.
Interviewer:  Side road. Mm-kay.
791:  Or a cost cost coun- cross country cross country road or a dirt road.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  That left the main highway.
Interviewer:  All right and it would go back to uh somebody's property #1 maybe or? #
791:  #2 Property or # to a field or farm or.
Interviewer:  To a but your little {X} a road like this that I came up to get to your house that would be a little? What the just a?
791:  #1 Well it'd just be #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  more or less a driveway or a private road or in other words it dead ends
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 here at my house. #
Interviewer:  All right. Um
Auxiliary:  We'd say a lane too.
Interviewer:  A what?
Auxiliary:  A lane.
791:  Lane.
Interviewer:  Mm. #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 That's #
Interviewer:  #1 #
791:  #2 # usually why a road would especially a road that's fenced on both sides is called a lane.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. Um what would you call a a place where your cows would go down through the woods you know they'd always cut a place? #1 You know your cows? #
791:  #2 A trail # or?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
791:  Yeah. Trail. They usually always go the same path. And they'll cut it out of the woods to be a w- well beaten out trail.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Um now uh something along the side of the street in town that folks walk along you'd call that the?
791:  Sidewalk.
Interviewer:  Sidewalk. Okay any other names? Banquette or do you ever hear folks call that a #1 banquette? #
791:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. That's #1 something they did in New Orleans. #
791:  #2 Uh sidewalk # or walkway is about all that I.
Interviewer:  The pavement #1 and? #
791:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh did did now if there might be a little grass strip between the sidewalk and the street. Did you have a name for that? Did you ever know what what folks call that?
791:  Well some people call it a terrace.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Where they keep it mowed.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now I wanted to get into uh some of the designations you had for land and that sort of stuff around here. Um can you can you kind of just give me a rundown on the types of soil you might have in in you know in regards to elevation and how good the soil is that sort of thing you mentioned black lands uh what was that? Uh.
791:  Well it's uh it's a type of soil that is uh extra black. And it's usually rich. Black land is rich. Now there's a difference between black land or just plain gumbo or yellow gumbo. A black land is black and it's usually rich and it's uh hard to work as far as farming because there's lot of the old timers said that the only time their black land field ever got ready to work while they've gone to lunch to eat. They are going to lunch. In other words yeah it's either too wet or too dry to cultivate. And they old timers say that mine got ready while I was going to lunch.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 And that that's fact. # It's it's either too wet or too dry. And its texture {NS} it sticks something terrible when it's wet and then when it gets dry why the ground opens up and it's hard as a {D: brick back.}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 So. # It's it's either too wet or too dry. You I mean you gotta be on your tiptoes to catch it when it's just right. But it will make stuff if you get it right.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  The right seeds. But then you have the gumbo that uh it's a poor type gumbo it won't grow anything and you can't pick it. You can't shovel it. You can't dig it. You can't hardly do anything with it. And then you have the deep sand. Sand hills. And then you have uh stiff heavy dirt. Which right here on my particular place why its two hundred yards up here there's a black g- uh black land.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And then right here in my four acre field why you got a heavy dirt. And then you got a a deep sand. And then you got a extra heavy sand.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
791:  And in in farming this past year why {D: them blow} places the heavy dirt {NS} would be just as wet as it could be. You could tell that the soil was completely wet. And the sand would be dried out. It would be black spots and white spots all over the field. Where there was a sandy place it'd be white. Where it was a heavy dirt why it'd be dark. It'd be. {D: And as I could tell} some of 'em my neighbor mr {B} down here his is all sand.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And when when it's too wet for me to plow here in the spring in the year his is all blowing away. It's sand. Dust. But here why it's too it's uh heavy and it's wet natured. Extremely wet natured. A dry year I can make better stuff than I can in a wet year.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
791:  Oh #1 yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Well you # you'll have a you'll have good crops this year then. #1 You'll have a good. #
791:  #2 I # no it r- it rained just a a whole lot here the first part of the year. So I'd say round uh first day of July. First day of well we got rain here now there were certain areas up here no further than seven miles there's Anacoco. People's crops was burning up and here it was so wet I couldn't get in fields to plow.
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  My
Interviewer:  #1 {D: There's been fire right far I thought across.} #
791:  #2 {X} # Yeah it it has in certain areas but right in this particular area now I've got I got a rain that you wouldn't believe it but I got a big rain a week ago yesterday.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  And of course that north wind and that sunshine. {NW} It got it fast. One day. You couldn't tell that it had even rained. But we've had extremely large amount of water here. This this spring and summer.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Uh.{C: thump}
Interviewer:  Well what about the types of lands you have? Now a land maybe that was say that was {D: maybe} late in the spring you know you didn't dry out until late in the spring. It was usually overflowed and you had to plow it later or? Something like that? Uh what would you call that type of land?
791:  Uh you mean in uh years ago or #1 or now? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Or well any day yeah. #1 Yeah. Years ago and now. #
791:  #2 Oh you. # Well you just uh you got certain spots of land that you can't plant 'til late. You got to wait till it dries out and uh a lot of people uh waits 'til long in June to plant.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
791:  #2 For this # is wet natured ground.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  You wait 'til June to plant which I've got a bunch of it it's wet-natured. #1 And. #
Interviewer:  #2 Would it be # lowland #1 or? #
791:  #2 It'd be # lowland or you can't call it bottomland cause there's no creek or anything just a little broken drainage. So you can't call it bottomland now if it's uh in a creek bottom or swampland, river bottom why you can call it a bottom field or a bottomland.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  But uh this is this is just a low wet wet natured place.
Interviewer:  What would you call a place that was so low or or the soil uh you couldn't grow anything there other than maybe grass or alfalfa or something like that? Would you have a?
791:  I don't know. I don't know if what was what you would call it uh.
Interviewer:  What about a meadow? You ever hear it what would #1 would you ever use it? #
791:  #2 Well uh # meadow a meadow don't mean uh that you can't grow anything there uh H- a hay meadow is a hay meadow it can be on top of a big sand hill. In other words you you can have a hay meadow on top of the biggest sand hill in Vernon Parish or you can have a hay meadow down in the Sabine River Swamp. #1 You. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
791:  Yeah there is there are.
Interviewer:  Well a meadow is that a place where you w- w- where you could grow you know crops or #1 or you? #
791:  #2 Not # necessarily no sir. It'd be it'd be a place that uh you could grow hay or graze or farm either one. You could do either one of the three. A meadow.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 That word it don't # necessarily mean that you couldn't grow anything else there.
Interviewer:  Now you talked about a marsh what would that be? Is that? That would be?
791:  Well that'd just be a baygall or a branch head or something in other words so wet and boggy that uh you you couldn't grow anything there. In fact it wouldn't even be suitable for a pasture or or cropland or anything.
Interviewer:  A baygall?
791:  That's what they call a baygall is a place that's on the slope of a hill
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  where the water seeps out of the hill and runs down into they call it a baygall because it usually it's bay bay trees that grow there.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  And the gall is baygall is just because its a low the head of a a small drain or something.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  But that's what uh most people call the baygall because it's uh where water's seeping out of a tall hill and it's so wet that you can't ride a horse through it. Cattle are bogged down in in in normal rain. Why.
Interviewer:  Huh.
791:  Cattle are bogged down or a horse you can't ride horse. They they's areas right through here where them uh couple three four hundred yards that you got to be careful riding a horse if it's a rainy season. Bogged down.
Interviewer:  Now uh a bay you'd call a um {X} What uh the bay trees drop a what? You'd call that a? They leave all their stuff on the ground?
791:  They drop their leaves and then they {NW} bay uh burs that's got their red seed in 'em.
Interviewer:  I see. Did you ever let the hogs eat out in the out in the um woods or something like that? About down in the they'd eat down in the bottoms usually?
791:  Oh yeah yeah. #1 Hogs #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  it was open range and hogs roamed everywhere there was hogs roaming everywhere.
Interviewer:  You'd call that a what? The stuff they'd eat all the acorns and the #1 stuff they gonna? #
791:  #2 Acorns # and mash.
Interviewer:  Mash?
791:  #1 Mash. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: What's that?} #
791:  Well that that included all of it. That included acorns, hickory nuts, beech mash.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
791:  #2 In other words # mash was it that that's pretty well mash you'd hear the old timers #1 say that there was good #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  good crop of mash this time. #1 Well that covered everything. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Yeah. Okay now uh any other types of land or um let's see well uh what about uh a place where okay type where water would flow? You'd first you mentioned a small uh creek or something like that didn't you? #1 Maybe from? #
791:  #2 Creek or # branch.
Interviewer:  Branch. What would a branch be small or?
791:  Yeah a branch would be small. In other words a branch wouldn't have a name. If it's any sized creek at all why it has a name. You got {D: Tolo creek} Prairie creek. {C: pronunciation} Or Anacoco creek.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Say uh uh you take this side of {D: horn} back you got two prongs of what's called Anacoco creek. you got uh north Anacoco creek and west I mean north and south.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
791:  #2 Because # you have two prongs and they both come together in Lake Vernon.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  So you have two prongs of Anacoco creek. This is Prairie {C: pronunciation} creek between here and Leesville.
Interviewer:  Why do they call it Prairie? {C: pronunciation}
791:  I don't know where Prairie {C: pronunciation} creek got its name. #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 mr Webb # told me they called the land down there prairie. Or Prairie or something like {C: pronunciation} #1 that. #
791:  #2 Prairie. {C: pronunciation} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
791:  #2 #
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
791:  #2 I don't know #
Interviewer:  #1 How do you spell that? #
791:  #2 I don't. #
Interviewer:  P-R?
791:  P-P-A-R
Auxiliary:  P-R-A-I-R-I-E.
Interviewer:  How's that?
Auxiliary:  P-R-A-I-R-I-E. {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah that's yeah but okay.
791:  {D: Prairie creek.}
Interviewer:  Prairie okay alright. Um now so uh a creek would be um anything larger than a creek uh?
791:  Be a river.
Interviewer:  River? Okay. Any what would a slough you said a slough you mentioned a slough?
791:  A slough is a a bod- a body of water that doesn't run. In other words it's what you {NW} people now this day and time call lake. But a slough is a natural. In other words it's not man made a slough is a body of water. It's usually where a creek or a river has changed its course and cut off.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  Made a new channel that leaves a body of water that doesn't run and the only time that slough gets water in it is when it rains a whole lot and just fills it or else when the creek or the river overflows and gets high enough to refill the slough again. {NS} But it doesn't {C: phone ringing} it doesn't run. {C: phone ringing}
Interviewer:  Well we were talking about a slough. Uh uh any any other names for uh something any other bodies of water? Uh what would a cou- did you ever hear of a coulee or?
791:  No I never heard of a coulee not in this country.
Interviewer:  Okay. What was a bayou?
791:  Bayou is just #1 a b- #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
791:  a body of water. Uh. I'd say that a bayou is r- a running body of water.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
Auxiliary:  {X}
791:  They're they're stale down still waters down there.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now you said a prong of a what of that thing was a? Was that?
791:  A creek?
Interviewer:  Yeah that was it.
791:  You got a west uh s- north prong and a south prong.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now you were talking about uh when you had dirt roads the water would {D: worn} like cut a little plank across the road uh what what would you call #1 that? #
791:  #2 Washout. #
Interviewer:  Washout?
791:  Or the road washed in two.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Which after that's even modern this day and time in these modern days you've got that same thing.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  I fail to make my bus run {D: due to} water over the road over this east Hawthorne road.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  {NW} This past year.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  In other words yeah you got to you have that this day and time why water cutting the roads in two in this country.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh what i- now did you have a place maybe a deep, narrow valley that had been cut by a by a stream or or water in the woods or something like that? Uh it would be something you know something maybe ten feet deep and ten feet wide or something. Did you ever have any of those?
791:  Not not not down where we were at. Now they was places in these sandhills uh extremely tall sandhills where it would wash out that bad. And.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  but they well they'd call 'em valleys or different #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. # What well what was a gully? #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah. I they've been called gully.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 I've # heard 'em called gully.
Interviewer:  Okay. Was the um was a gully a a a thing that uh you know? Did you ever handle anything like that you know maybe where a stream had changed its its course? Or and uh and it had gone another way? Was that a slough? You know part of a slough where you know the ground was all eaten away or something like that? Uh.
791:  Well I'd I'd say it was just a wash wash place or
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 or a washed # out place and uh. now a slough if you if there's no water in it you wouldn't call it a slough. In other words a slough would be a body of water that's still. It may even dry up but it's still called a slough because its {D: filled} holds water.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
791:  #2 And. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
791:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Now if you had some land maybe a bit swampy and you wanted to put it under cultivation what would you do you'd say? What would you do to the land to get the water off?
791:  I was in uh the last two police {D: jury races.}
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  I got them to I was in {NS} {D: thrown} in a runoff both times.
Interviewer:  You've been in a?
791:  This past December I was in a runoff with Senator Poston's brother.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  And I mean uh {D: Lee McConough} in this past December I was in a runoff with {D: Lee McCon- McConoughfield} the incumbent.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  He's been in there sixteen years.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  And I was in the runoff with him and then four years ago I was in the runoff in the second primary with Senator Poston's brother #1 {D: Charlie.} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
791:  M- O- Poston.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  I got beat both times in the runoff.
Interviewer:  Oh.
791:  I didn't have enough money. #1 In other words they bought their way in #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  #1 And I didn't have the #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
791:  money or If I'd had it I wasn't gonna buy my way I told people that I wasn't gonna buy my way and then if I was elected why I'd owe 'em.
Interviewer:  #1 That's the police? #
791:  #2 And then #
Interviewer:  #1 #
791:  #2 # Police jury. Police jury. In other words maintenance over all the roads and {D: that's.} Police jury's what makes all your parish laws. They are the governing body of the parish. The police jury is.
Interviewer:  Okay if you'd have won that you would have been on it? {NS}
791:  Pardon?
Interviewer:  You would have been on it? If you'd?
791:  Yeah {D: if I had} if I had been elected why I'd be one of the police jury men. {NS}
Interviewer:  Now uh I would be I was talking about marshes when you wh- how do you get the water off? Do do you ever do that? Did would would folks ever try and get the water off the marsh or?
791:  {NW} Not other than uh years ago not other than uh maybe digging or plowing a big ditch.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  To drain the {D: loaf lakes} #1 before #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
791:  the water would drain on out. Before the ground would dry up #1 early. #
Auxiliary:  #2 {X} # {D: You'd dump them out again.}
Interviewer:  What would you call uh a small rise of land uh in the land uh? Something like uh if you're it's just a small rise in the land? You'd call that a?
791:  Mound or a lot of people call 'em #1 mound. #
Auxiliary:  #2 Hill? #
791:  Hi-
Auxiliary:  {X}
791:  Well a hill {D: you're getting up a hill is a} a tall one. A hill is next to a mountain.
Interviewer:  You get a knoll? You you ever #1 heard of a? #
791:  #2 A # knoll or a knob.
Interviewer:  Okay. All right. And then um the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharp you'd call that a?
791:  Cliff.
Interviewer:  Cliff? Okay. Uh now up in the mountains a little where a little road would go through a low place you would call a?
791:  A pass?
Interviewer:  A pass okay. Uh did you ever hear it called a notch or?
791:  No I never heard of calling it notch.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  A pass.
Interviewer:  All right. Wh- where what would you call a place with boats docked and and freight would be unloaded?
791:  Docks. Boat docks.
Interviewer:  Docks. Okay. Um now did you ever see y'all will have do y'all have places where water would come over and fall along {D: this here} or?
791:  {D: We're not} too foreign to it till we'd been to {D: down here.} {D: Ville.}
Interviewer:  Okay. And you'd call that a?
791:  Waterfall or.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  We've had small ones where they had uh {NW} water operated grist mills where they've made meal that was operated by the w- water falling.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  In other words they'd have a grist mill with a big paddle wheel down at and the water'd be flowing over this little levee
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 and then hitting # the paddle wheels and in turn why when it would turn why it would turn the grist mill to grind meal.
Interviewer:  Um now uh what did you call the X shaped frame that you might lay a board across and cut it or something like that? You know? You'd lay a board across them like like this uh make the X shape. And you'd lay a board across them. Do you have a name for those uh?
791:  If we did I don't remember. #1 I don't know what #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # X shaped #1 frame. #
791:  #2 Yeah. # I know what you're #1 talking about. I did it. #
Interviewer:  #2 You'd lay a board across and # saw it.
791:  You can lay a log or a pole in there, saw it but I I don't I don't know what you'd {NS} I don't know what kind of name you'd call it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um.
791:  But I do know #1 what you. #
Auxiliary:  #2 We call # 'em boardwalk.
791:  Did you have a did you have maybe an A-shaped one that you'd you'd use to build a table with of some sort? You know at a church on a picnic or something like that. It'd be a little A-shaped frame with uh you know two A-shaped frames and a piece of
Auxiliary:  #1 wood? #
791:  #2 Yeah. # I've saw the- saw #1 those but I don't know what they's called. #
Interviewer:  #2 Would you call them horse or sawhorse? # Have you ever heard of that?
791:  No a sawhorse has got four legs and uh is straight across just one piece across the top.
Interviewer:  #1 So #
791:  #2 A sawhorse uh. #
Interviewer:  Wait is it kind of an A-shaped frame that sort of thing or?
791:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 Planted. #
791:  No you've got four legs on it. You got two uh on one end and two on the other end with one timber across the top.
Interviewer:  Right right.
Auxiliary:  {X}
791:  That'd be two A shapes.
Interviewer:  Two yeah now that's well that's what I meant yeah. Which I was looking at it the diagonal you know sort of crossway.
791:  Yeah. Well that's a sawhorse #1 But now there's a #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
791:  difference in a sawhorse and what you was talking about making a cross and fastening two of 'em and then taking a a log and laying it in there to cut it in two with a saw or or to hew it with a ax or anything like that in other words you got two different uh pieces of equipment there that you
Interviewer:  Huh.
791:  you're using.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now do you straighten your hair with a brush and a?
791:  Comb.
Interviewer:  I mean a comb and a what? A comb and a?
791:  Brush.
Interviewer:  Okay. You'd say you did what you take a brush and?
791:  {NW} And brush your hair.
Interviewer:  Brush your hair? Okay. Now did you did your father ever have a kind of leather #1 thing? #
791:  #2 Leather # strap?
Interviewer:  #1 For sharpening razorblades? #
791:  #2 Right. #
Interviewer:  #1 He'd also #
791:  #2 Right. #
Interviewer:  sharpen your?
791:  He'd sharpen you with it. #1 He #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  #1 he'd make you sharp. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
791:  #1 Keep you straight. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Yeah. What uh what did you put in guns? In a revolver you'd put what the?
791:  Bullets.
Interviewer:  Bullets ammunition you'd call that a what?
791:  Shells or?
Interviewer:  Car- uh #1 {X} #
791:  #2 {D: Cottards?} #
Interviewer:  A what?
791:  {D: Cottards.}
Interviewer:  Okay. All right. Now did you remember ever playing with a playing when you were a kid what what kind of things would you have to play with uh? When you were?
791:  {D: Baseball. The} time when you're when I was a child growing up why you'd made your own toys.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  You'd have a lid off of a bucket and made it on a stick on the end of a stick and rode it or make you a wagon out of four little blocks of wood sawed off of a black gum log.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And make your axles {D: here like} a big wagon and put your wooden wheels on it.
Interviewer:  Yeah? Did you have maybe a a
791:  #1 Yeah? #
Interviewer:  #2 uh # some little plank that was thick in the middle and you'd go up and down on it like that?
791:  Yeah sees- seesaw. Seesaw.
Interviewer:  So you'd
791:  Springboards. You had a swimming hole why you'd have you a springboard that you'd.
Interviewer:  What was that?
791:  To dive off of.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
Auxiliary:  #2 And the grapevine for swinging. # #1 Don't forget about that. #
791:  #2 And the grapevine. #
Interviewer:  Swing?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Did you ever have a board maybe with sticks in the at both ends and in the middle you could bounce up and down on it?
791:  No we never #1 did. #
Interviewer:  #2 Never # had that? Okay.
Auxiliary:  That's a {X} we used to do that too.
Interviewer:  Balancing board?
Auxiliary:  #1 You you #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
Auxiliary:  had you'd put a log in between {D: bend over a log} and you want to get over without going running.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
Auxiliary:  And I I {X}
Interviewer:  Did you have coal here?
791:  No sir. {NS} Well it uh I say no sir they had it at the depots. The railroad depots.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  And uh in town they had coal but there was no coal delivered out to the country homes. Uh where they everyone heated with uh wood until butane came along.
Interviewer:  Talking about uh uh the stove what what do you call that part that runs from the stove to the chimney the?
Auxiliary:  {D: Attic.}
791:  Stovepipe.
Interviewer:  Stovepipe?
791:  Stovepipe.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what's the difference between the stovepipe and the flue uh?
791:  Well most most times the flue is made out of brick. It's uh made out of brick to be fireproof.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 And your # stovepipe go runs into your brick flue.
Interviewer:  Oh okay. All right.
791:  That's to keep from burning your house if you just run a straight pipe all the way from the stove to the through the roof or through the wall why it would get too hot so you have a flue for it to go into.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now what would you sharpen a scythe on or or sharpen a ax on?
791:  Grind rock.
Interviewer:  Grind rock?
791:  #1 Grind rock. #
Interviewer:  #2 That was one that went? #
791:  Round. #1 Now. #
Interviewer:  #2 Did you have one that you'd # use on a knife?
791:  Yeah whetrocks.
Interviewer:  Whetrock? Okay. Uh now nowadays you drive a what a?
791:  {D: Scooter.}
Interviewer:  Well you drive a uh everyone drives?
791:  Car?
Interviewer:  Car okay. Yeah. You know what you ever folks ever call it anything in the old days? A different name for it?
791:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Motorcar?
791:  {D: No everything} far as I know my daddy always said car or truck.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  It was either a car or a truck.
Interviewer:  Now uh you used to have to keep the axle well? You had to oh?
791:  You had to grease it right.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  {D: To keep it from} burning out. And to make it to where it would roll free and easy.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. You had to put what on the axle? You had to put #1 axle? #
791:  #2 Axle # grease.
Interviewer:  I see. Now if you got that on your hands you'd say my hands are?
791:  Greasy.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um when you had a door hinge that was squeaking you got to do what for it? You have?
791:  Oil it.
Interviewer:  Oil it. Oh now if uh if the door was open and you didn't want it that way you'd say?
791:  Slam the door or shut the door. #1 Shut the door. #
Interviewer:  #2 Shut the? # #1 Okay alright. #
791:  #2 And if the # wind blows too you'd say the wind slammed the door.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Um uh toothpaste now comes in a tires used to have what they used to have #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Tubes. #
Interviewer:  {D: Air} tubes. Mm-kay. Uh what what what kind of boat would you use here boats would you use to maybe go fishing on a small lake?
791:  Usually a flat bottom aluminum boat.
Interviewer:  Flat-bottom? Okay. Any other types uh would you uh like a hollowed out log or?
791:  No not this day and time.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
791:  Th- there's still a few uh people got wooden boats made out of either hard cypress or {C: thumping} {NS} marine {C: thumping} plywood. But most of 'em is aluminum. Or fiberglass.
Interviewer:  Was there did did you ever hear it called a pirogue?
791:  Oh yeah years ago.
Interviewer:  What would what was the?
791:  It would be out of a log. {C: background speech} A log hollowed out.
Interviewer:  Okay. That was a?
791:  That was a pirogue.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now you'd say if you just built the boat you're gonna do what we're gonna? We're gonna do what we're gonna?
791:  You mean build a a wooden boat?
Interviewer:  Yeah you'd say well we we just built the boat today we're gonna?
791:  Go fishing tomorrow?
Interviewer:  If it was a brand-new boat you'd say we're gonna what?
791:  Paint it?
Interviewer:  Lau- uh. You'd say you know you you usually know the big boats that'd be over in New Orleans haven't you?
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  They have a big ceremony when they?
791:  Oh yeah a christening or.
Interviewer:  Chri- christen it before they?
791:  Launch it.
Interviewer:  Launch it okay. All right. Uh now if a woman wanted to uh to buy a dress in a certain color she'd take along a a piece of cloth maybe as a?
791:  Sample.
Interviewer:  Sample okay. So uh #1 and it's? #
791:  #2 To match. #
Interviewer:  Yeah. Now if she sees a dress she likes it very much it's very becoming she says my that's a very?
791:  Attractive?
Interviewer:  That's a what a pr- #1 uh. #
791:  #2 Pretty? #
Interviewer:  Pretty dress but this dress is even? That dress is pretty but this dress is even?
791:  More attractive? Or.
Interviewer:  Well using that same word. That dress is pretty but this dress is even?
791:  Prettier?
Interviewer:  Prettier okay. What what would a woman wear over her dress in the kitchen a?
791:  Apron.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh now to sign your name in ink you use a?
791:  Fountain pen.
Interviewer:  Fountain pen. Okay. And uh a dime is uh a dime is worth what? A dime is worth?
791:  Ten cents. Tenth of a dollar.
Interviewer:  All right. Not much anymore. {NS}
791:  No.
Interviewer:  Now you the dipper you used to dip from you said it was aluminum or maybe it was made out of before they had aluminum?
791:  Porcelain.
Auxiliary:  A gourd. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 The the # gourd or it might've been made out of what?
791:  Porcelain.
Interviewer:  Porcelain?
791:  Porcelain.
Interviewer:  Did you ever see one made out of tin or?
791:  Yeah. You saw tin drinking cups.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Now to hold a baby's diaper in place you use a safety?
791:  Pin.
Interviewer:  Safety pin. Okay. All right what what would folks wear in those days? Uh can you tell what was really different or?
791:  Yeah most most people back in those days wore wore overalls and a blue denim shirt and some of 'em in wintertime wore a blue denim jumper.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And blue jeans.
Interviewer:  Now you go to church you might put on a three piece? Uh.
791:  Suit.
Interviewer:  Suit. What what features would it have? Uh.
791:  Pants a dress and a coat.
Interviewer:  I see. Pants you'd call them any other name?
791:  #1 Trousers. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Trousers? Uh I think.
Interviewer:  {X}
791:  Fine. I didn't.
Interviewer:  It's working. {NS} {NS} {X} If you owe a {X} you buy a
791:  a new one.
Interviewer:  New
791:  new set of clothes.
Interviewer:  New set. When you when the stuff lot of stuff in your pockets it would make a
791:  bulge out.
Interviewer:  Bulge out. {NW} But um yeah tell me about some of the can you tell me about some of the other times when you you know what what folks that they were doing and did you have a lot of uh get-togethers when y'all were younger or that sort of thing? #1 Can you remember? #
791:  #2 I guess. # You'd have uh at after you got a little aged uh stopped in your teens why you'd have jump josie parties quite ancient
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And
Interviewer:  Jumped what's that?
791:  They call them jump josie. It it was more or less uh sideline square dancing. They they call them jump josie parties.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  And everybody dancing. Played music. Just have a big time.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Uh now you say a man when when he was a girl when she was getting standing in front of the mirror and everything before she was going start to go a party like that she was doing what? to
791:  Man that's old. The old word was primping.
Interviewer:  Primping?
791:  #1 Making herself pretty. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Okay. Did did the did the man what would the man do? You'd say he's doing what to
791:  Well they usually just uh dressed.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay.
791:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Ever use # Ever use the word slick down or anything like that?
791:  Well it lock down they have to use the words uh slick the hair down back those days there wasn't much of anything but water put on your hair.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Bear grease? #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 Bad grease. #
Interviewer:  Something like that. Uh tell me if your friends find out okay. Well the things you went to then you call them a a dance or a
791:  dance or a jump Josie party.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Folks I hear folks used to know knew knew how to have good times back in those days.
791:  Well they had good times and lot of people say that children meaner now than they was back them days but I I can't see that the difference.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  They was mean back them days as they are now.
Interviewer:  Well why? What what do you mean? What would y'all do?
791:  Well they uh a lot of them course they and not not all of them was that way which the same thing applies today. Why you had some that'd fight drink uh for instance one of the one of parties that they's at why they two men that I was talking about yesterday in the tape Mister {X} brothers #1 why #
Interviewer:  #2 they #
791:  they they was scrappers. They they entertain you if you wanted to be entertained as far as #1 fighting was concerned. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  #1 They was at a #
Interviewer:  #2 they always #
791:  They was at a big square dance one night and course everybody was drinking and I wasn't at the party but they everyone was drinking and from the report that I received why they had a it was in the winter time and they had a huge oak fire on and it burnt down into a bunch of red coals.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Well they always had a peculiar talk a southern drag and Wally he walked out on the porch cause he probably been in trouble with some of the gentlemens before and one of them hit him and knocked #1 him out at the end of the porch. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  #1 And when they did why they stood him off on his head #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  right in amongst a bunch of bad cur dogs that was chained at the end of the #1 porch. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
791:  So Mister George Willis {B: should be beeped} some of them went running in there and told them that somebody had hit Wally and knocked him out in the yard on top of them cur dogs and they'd almost ate them up #1 so George went out #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  he said I don't believe he can do George out of the way so George just went and put his left arm around the guy's neck and hit Wally in his right arm in the cape of his legs and picked him up just like picking a child up
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  I dunno why I didn't know what George fixing to do and he just went running back in the house. And before anybody knows why he just run up to that big fireplace with the red coals and throwed him in come and pushed him on in with his feet said I'll just burn you up.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 {NW} # So they really had a free for all then.
Interviewer:  {NW} so wow. Good grief. They killed this man. People always people what they fight a lot?
791:  Well they use use use usually have some drinking and they they sometimes they end up fighting. Most times it was peaceful and man it was given a dance to see that it was peaceful or nobody didn't get hurt bad but
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  uh they they pretty well entertaining.
Interviewer:  Mister Foster do you remember uh now I remember as I recall folks in this area thirty had to raise illegal alcoholic beverages to uh to you know sort of kind of make a living sometimes because that was the only way they could make a living. Couldn't make one farming. Is that so?
791:  Yeah they they was quite a few of them that had illegal steals and runoff whiskey.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  uh
Interviewer:  My my grandfather's caretaker just got about a year probation cause this guy got arrested for that. He has electric steel with a a runoff a quarter mile back in the woods. And he was riding a new truck every year. The the revenuers got {C: pronunciation} {D: probably revenuers? misspelled in transcription} somebody oh wait. Somebody told me What do what do they call federal agents?
791:  uh
Interviewer:  #1 um #
791:  #2 revenuers. {C: pronunciation} #
Interviewer:  Yeah. Revenuers
791:  Revenuers.
Interviewer:  Nothing calls them that.
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  But some guy I was talking to a fellow today and he called it a different name I never heard of it anything like that not but I can't remember it now. Anyway did you have a name what did they call the stuff that the that they made?
791:  Whiskey or shinny.
Interviewer:  Shinny. What about something that was just kind of a homemade like poorly made stuff or or cheap? Did did they have a name for that? Just any kind of cheap whiskey maybe was or cheap cheap sort of stuff.
791:  No I can't remember if they did course they made home brew. A lot of people made home brew but mostly they made it for their own use. They didn't make it for sale #1 but #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
791:  make a living.
Interviewer:  Okay. Yeah. Okay then huh. Something somebody just made for themselves they'd call home brew.
791:  Home brew. It was in other words it wasn't whiskey it was home brew. It was on the same principle as your beer is today. #1 it #
Interviewer:  #2 okay. #
791:  It's on the same principle as you beer today.
Interviewer:  Can I say this can I Um Did did you have a a name for uh the place where they left the did you ever hear the name for the place where many a a kind of a a hollow stump a guy put a twenty dollar bill and or a ten dollar bill and he'd come back a little while later and the guy would have left him the uh some whiskey or something like that
791:  Oh yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 What was that called? #
791:  #2 yeah. # Well it uh call it a hiding place uh you take that {NW} now this is all hearsay #1 but #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
791:  between here and Leesville uh an old two story building on the left hand side of the road used to be a grocery store and they say now that's all I can go by
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  that they used to you used could go there and buy your whiskey back in the probation days and you'd never see the man that sold you the whiskey because he'd let let the whiskey down on a string from up #1 from up upstairs. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 so # so you couldn't swear who sold you the whiskey if it came to court. And course that that's one of the old rumors that are #1 taught. #
Interviewer:  #2 that # That is great. What now what did they call it? {X} Did did they have a name?
791:  Bootleg.
Interviewer:  Okay well did they ever have a did did you ever hear the word blind tiger? The the the phrase brine blind tiger?
791:  I don't believe.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {X} said something like that. And they the fellow who sold it was a blind tiger.
791:  Blind tiger.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  ah he he probably heard it back in #1 those days #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  why a little before my time.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NS} Okay. Now uh you say that you might say that coat won't fit this year but last year it what perfectly it
791:  it fit perfectly.
Interviewer:  Fit perfectly okay did you um now used to you might have wool sweaters something like that you'd throw in the accidentally throw them in the wash and the you say the wool would #1 what? #
791:  #2 Draw up. #
Interviewer:  #1 Draw up? #
791:  #2 Draw up. #
Interviewer:  sh- what?
791:  shrink. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  Shrink too too small. {NS}
Interviewer:  Alright. Yesterday I put my sweater in the wash and it
791:  drawed up.
Interviewer:  Okay or sh-what?
791:  Shrank.
Interviewer:  Shrank up okay. Um now a woman around her {NW} wrist what would she wear maybe? {NW} You call it a
791:  Wrist watch.
Interviewer:  Well a man would wear a watch a woman might wear
791:  bracelet?
Interviewer:  Okay. And what would she carry to uh church? Uh to you know
791:  Purse?
Interviewer:  A purse? okay.
791:  #1 Purse. Handbag. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Alright. Now men used to wear what call it trousers?
791:  Suspenders?
Interviewer:  Okay. Call it anything else? #1 folks have #
791:  #2 some people call them galluses #
Interviewer:  #1 galluses? #
791:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Okay. And over you when it rains you'd hold
791:  umbrella.
Interviewer:  umbrella. Okay. What do you call a the last thing you put on a bed? Miss {B} called maybe the fancy top cover
791:  The bed spread.
Interviewer:  Bed spread? Okay did they have an older name for it back in the old days or counter uh
791:  #1 Nothing #
Interviewer:  #2 Canopy # You ever hear that?
791:  Canopy.
Interviewer:  Okay never heard of that?
791:  #1 Never heard of it. #
speaker#3:  #2 Canopy. #
791:  Canopy.
Interviewer:  Canopy?
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. And at the head of the bed you put your
791:  {NW} Dunno.
Interviewer:  That's okay. You put a what?
791:  Pillow.
Interviewer:  Did you did you ever have a a kind of pillow that went that went uh from one end to the bed all #1 all #
791:  #2 all the way across? #
Interviewer:  Yeah. Clean cross the a bolster? You ever hear of a #1 bolster? #
791:  #2 No no I don't believe I ever did. #
Interviewer:  Okay. um now you put a what would you put on a bed for warmth? A
791:  Quilt. Back in the old days. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Quilt and uh something a a kid might sleep on the floor they'd make a makeshift
791:  Pallet.
Interviewer:  Pallet they sleep on. Okay. Now you talking about dogs. Tell me you got any stories about dogs uh but you know vicious dogs you ran into in you in your time?
791:  Well I I've only been bit one one particular time. #1 When #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah #
791:  When I was in the butane business why I went to Miss {X} house in {D: word spelling} Ulano and serviced her tank and fill filled the tank and the old dog was in the extreme back of the yard with two puppies. And didn't pay me any attention whatsoever. I filled the tank put up my hose walked to the back door knocked on the door and Miss {X} came to the door and the dog walked up and stood right by the side of me and {X} Miss said well how said I don't understand that said that dog usually eats anybody up. I said while she hasn't eaten {D: word} Bart. And I stood there and wrote out the ticket.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  collected the money and talked a few minutes and the old dog was standing there and I turned to leave and when I turned why the dog just lunged and grabbed me.
Interviewer:  Oh God
791:  A huge dog.
Interviewer:  call
791:  #1 one lick. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X] #
791:  one one bite is all she bit. Just one one bite and back to {X} all she waiting on for me to turn my head
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  But that's the only time that I've ever been bitten by a bad dog they I usually can tell if one is a vicious why I know to stay steer clear of it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I can't get dogs are funny. I I the the the the kind that are the most dangerous the kind that just walk up to you and stand beside you. {NW}
791:  #1 yeah they #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah. # The dog bark after you and you {NW} but you Nah I hear tell that you should never be afraid of dogs that's uh
791:  Well I I I'm not afraid of dogs but still I can pretty well tell as much uh dealings as I've had with them going to people's residence why I can pretty well tell if one I better watch him. #1 yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah. # Yeah. Now you might say you got what uh the mailman got that didn't watch that dog mailman or you'll get
791:  dogbit.
Interviewer:  dogbit? Okay. #1 might say #
791:  #2 that dog will bite you. #
Interviewer:  okay. um now if you're walking down the road and a dog jumps out at you you might pick up a
791:  club?
Interviewer:  Well if you
791:  #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 you didn't have a club nearby you #
791:  pick up a
Interviewer:  something or a st
791:  stick or clod of dirt
Interviewer:  okay clod or a or a what a maybe a something you could throw at him or
791:  hand full of dirt or something.
Interviewer:  Okay. The road was had #1 gr #
791:  #2 gravel? #
Interviewer:  yeah you'd say you pick up a
791:  you pick up a handful of gravel and throw it.
Interviewer:  I see. but now um what might you throw at a at a up in a tree a at a crow or something like that? You you know pick up a some sort of #1 {X} #
791:  #2 pebble or rock? #
Interviewer:  Rock okay. And you'd do what? You
791:  Toss it or throw it at him
Interviewer:  toss it at him okay. Ever say chunk or
791:  chunk.
Interviewer:  fetched it at him.
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  {NW} um talking about cur dogs any what other types of dogs might you have? {NW} um
791:  Well a lot of people has different types. Personally myself why hounds and cur dogs is all uh how they were only except for uh couple of three fives for squirrel dogs.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  But I've owned uh a few mighty good cur dogs. I had one particular cur dog that I lost two years ago this past May that money wouldn't have bought.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  It wasn't it wasn't enough money that they would have bought it don't know what went with it five dollars or a hundred dollar bill to anyone that could tell me where he went or whether he was dead or alive all I wanted to see was just see the dog whether he was dead or alive
Interviewer:  #1 yeah. #
791:  #2 I'd give them # a hundred dollar bill but school children hunted him and rode bicycles and rode the horses and I don't know where the dog went he disappeared completely. Everybody he was he was a combination. He you could do anything you wanted to do with him. He treated If I got my pickup here in the front door
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  and went around before I'd get to the field gate and get the gate open why the dog would be retrieve behind my feet. He'd have a squirrel retrieve. And I'd go over there and if I wanted to kill the squirrel I'd kill it if I didn't why I'd call him off. At night when you picked up a gun in the headlight why {NW} why he's ready to go. You didn't have to get him by the collar and drag him to the car or the truck he'd all you had to do was just open the door of the let the tailgate down he loaded himself and when he got to the woods why it was nothing but coons. He was a straight cooner he didn't run anything else but coons. If you got the time he could be in this yard and I was at the barn. I had {D: word} brahma bulls {C: pronunciation} cows one tried to tried another one over or something you yoller over here look out here
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  You didn't have to worry old Spot would be there.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 You'd hear that chain link rattle one time and he was there. # He scaled that chain link gate just like it wasn't there.
Interviewer:  #1 Really? #
791:  #2 and he meant business when he got there. # You holler get him Spot it was got. And he was cattle dog he was a hog dog he'd bay hogs. He'd catch a hog like he caught the evening I about to bring him a bull he was eighteen months old. I bought him from mr Porter and I had a it was a mean bull I had Mister uh Thomas Tony state trooper and my neighbor mr Harvey they helped me haul him in here and we got him here and had a lariat rope on him and we let him get the lariat rope in the crack of the stable door and brought it up underneath the hinge
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  When he cut the lariat rope in two on that hinge which turned him loose was about a six or eight foot piece rope around his neck. And it ended up why I told the boys to move that old Spot out of the dog yard and I had already got on my tractor and turned the lights on it got dark and I hollered get him Spot why the last time I saw Spot he was going out out of sight I don't know how high he went but he went in caught that brahma bull and the bull {C: pronunciation} throwed him completely out of sight of my headlights on the track. And when he hit the ground why he back at him and had a hold of him again.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  And we pinned to bring the bull and the the bull was locked where he couldn't get out till the next morning we gets the rope off of him and get him in a place that would hold him.
Interviewer:  {NW} That's a mean dog. #1 a mean wolf #
791:  #2 but he # They're mean. But he he was number one. Anything mind he you didn't have to holler at him all you had to do was hold your hand up at him he'd stop mine to perfection and my my wife's nephews uh from Houston said that old Spot saved one of their lives. They'd all slipped off and went swimming. There my mother in law and one of them went swimming while one of them couldn't swim and gotten too deep a water and they just declared that old Spot went in there and drug the child out. Brought him out to the bank.
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  They about five of them and nay a one said that old Spot saved their lives. But he he had sense. I We had just gone to bed it was cool weather and the bedroom door and this bedroom front bedroom opens out on the front porch same as this door does
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  and uh there wasn't anyone here but Dwight and myself and I knew there wasn't any of the children coming in and everyone knew where the living room door was and where the bedroom door was. And the only time this cur dog ever came in the house was if the children started shooting firecrackers anywhere in the neighborhood why he'd come in open the front screen himself come in and lay down on the porch. He'd never come in the house. Or if it started thundering and lighting why he'd open the screen door come in on the porch and lay down. And when it was over with why he'd go back out. And this particular night why we had gone to bed and I was had dozed off. And I heard the front screen door open. And at the same time I heard the front screen door open and the door he's led it to why something hit my bedroom door instead of the living room door. Well I knew that something was wrong because nobody never came to the bedroom door.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And I was up out of the bed and already had a 30 30 in my hand I'm coming out of the rack with it that I knew was loaded took a pass Yes.
791:  When I heard him hit the other living room door
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And I put the gun back up I knew what it was I heard him whine when he gets to the living room door he whined one time. And I opened this door here and when I opened this door and opened the front living room door why the dog came in at the door and just made a right hand turn and the T-V was sat in kiddie corner in the corner.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  and the dog just sprayed blood as he went. On the wall and that curtain and run over and lay down behind the T-V. And I just reached and got him by the collar and carried him outside and latched a screen to where he couldn't open the door. And I went in the bathroom in the medicine cabinet and got a box of powdered alum and went back out and rubbed the powdered alum on his ear he'd been in a dog fight is what had happened. And he was bleeding he was bleeding to death. And he had sense enough to know where I slept and that's the reason he hit that bedroom door. And he was he was a smart dog. Smart as they ever came.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah wait if you wanted the dog your dog to attack another dog or another person what would you say?
791:  Usually get him.
Interviewer:  Get him? Okay. Uh
791:  Catch them.
Interviewer:  Okay. But uh yeah I know I know what you mean cause some dogs they'll chew you know they can take they uh may be a mixed breed of dog but they get good qualities from both the dogs that you know they were sired of or whatever. And uh you know I had all the hand dogs that were good dogs too. Uh now if uh if someone came to visit uh you this you and you're not there your wife your might wife might come out and say no he's not
791:  He's not here.
Interviewer:  He's not what?
791:  He's not around.
Interviewer:  Okay he's not speaking of being uh speaking of uh if you go to somebody's house and he's not there they might say no he's not
791:  He's not at home.
Interviewer:  Not at home okay. Alright uh. Now you talking about coffee yesterday. What well how to folks like their coffee? Some folks?
791:  Most people in this in this area likes it strong.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Well you might say they like it what? with or without what
791:  Sugar. Some some wants it with sugar. Some with sugar and the cream. Some with plain with plain without either one.
Interviewer:  Uh okay now you okay without the plain you might say what? Folks have a a word for that? You know.
791:  Black. want it black. Or straight.
Interviewer:  Straight? Okay. Alright. {NW} Barefooted? You ever hear of that? Naked or {NW}
791:  Oh yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW} Uh Now if someone's not going away from you they're coming
791:  to
Interviewer:  what. To
791:  Towards
Interviewer:  okay. Towards you. Uh if you saw just met somebody in town you know I'd say instead of saying I met him might say well today I I ran
791:  ran ran into so and so.
Interviewer:  ran into old so and so. {X} If a child was given the same name as their uh as his his father you'd say they named the child
speaker#3:  Junior.
791:  Junior.
Interviewer:  Okay they named they named the child what compared to the father. They named the child
speaker#3:  after
791:  After his father.
Interviewer:  After his father. Okay. Uh now in a herd of cattle what do you call the male?
791:  Bull.
Interviewer:  Bull? Okay. Uh any other names? Like do you used to live up in Toro do you ever did they ever use that name for how how'd that city get its name?
791:  Uh I don't know how it got its name. But that's what toro is in Spanish. It's bull.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW}
791:  That's what toro means in in Spanish is bull.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now you fill out a
791:  I
Interviewer:  go ahead.
791:  I say I don't know I would back up right now uh that's what uh toro is in line with the old Spanish trait.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  #1 uh what I'm referring to #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  right. It
Interviewer:  #1 where okay where where did that start and go #
791:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  you know the #1 word of #
791:  #2 it came # It came across Sibeam river uh somewhere right there around Hathens Fair and Anthony Fare and came right on through by Toro and went through Hodges Gardens which would be above Hornback and from there right on into {D: proper name} Natchitoches. That was the old Spanish trail. That's where uh a lot of people they lot of these old timers {NW} excuse me. Lot of these old timers uh uh can tell you about what they call Devil's Lake west of Hornback
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  They claimed they claimed that that's where a lot of the gold is in Devil's Lake because it they dumped it there thinking that they could get it and it kept sinking. And they they have all types of caves out west of Hornback around Devil's Lake.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 same as they do in Hodges Gardens. #
Interviewer:  They's caves in Hodges Gardens. And but that's uh Spanish trail does go all the way through there and I would imagine that that's where To Toro got its name. That some Spanish probably named it Toro.
speaker#3:  {NW} Uh now you're you used to you used to have a to pull loads you had what? To pull your father would have a maybe
791:  team of horses.
Interviewer:  #1 Of horses or #
791:  #2 a pair or horses. #
Interviewer:  Did you ever have a um the kind that that were like all like cattle oxes big old
791:  ox?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  yeah y'all had maybe what would you say if you had two ox
791:  you'd have a team of ox or yoke uh double yoke of oxen.
Interviewer:  I see okay. Now uh a calf when it's first born is uh I mean uh uh a little one when it's first born is a what?
791:  Baby calf.
Interviewer:  Calf okay you call a female a #1 female a #
791:  #2 a calf. # #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 okay. # heifer or ewe?
791:  a young one uh is heifer after when they pass the calf stage in other words that's the calf and then the heifer and then the grown cow.
Interviewer:  I see. And the and the male is just a
791:  well he's a he's a a calf until he becomes a year old or there about you say a bull #1 or if you #
Interviewer:  #2 okay. #
791:  change him why he'd be a steer.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh now if you had a cow by the name of Daisy you'd say specially a calf you'd say Daisy is gonna
791:  bring a calf.
Interviewer:  Bring a calf or you ever say hear folks say come fresh or anything like that?
791:  Right. Come Daisy'll freshen so and so
Interviewer:  Right. Okay. And the male horse is the
791:  Stallion. Stud.
Interviewer:  Okay. Folks did women yeah always did your {C: pronunciation} men always use that word around women or was that you know
791:  Yeah. It was always #1 used #
Interviewer:  #2 okay. #
791:  stallion or stud.
Interviewer:  um now uh if a little child went to sleep in bed and found himself on the floor in the morning say I must of
791:  rolled off of the bed.
Interviewer:  Or must of fell
791:  Fell off of the bed.
Interviewer:  fell off of the bed. uh now what the things you put on a horses's feet to uh
791:  Shoes?
Interviewer:  Yeah call them
791:  horseshoes.
Interviewer:  Okay. And you put them in this what? Did did you ever do that? uh
791:  I've helped do it. I've never ho shoed one by myself personally. #1 Now I I #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah. #
791:  I've assisted.
Interviewer:  okay. Some people didn't shoe them they just let the horse's uh
791:  {NW} foot. Hoof.
Interviewer:  Hoof?
791:  Why mo most people don't shoe them. Because it's got so expensive this day and time. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Really? #
791:  They most people unless they're per doing parading or rodeo and a whole lot why they don't shoe them they just keep their horse's feet trimmed.
Interviewer:  Their hoof their what?
791:  Hoof.
Interviewer:  Hoof? Okay a horse a horse has what four
791:  four feet.
Interviewer:  yeah you call them four
791:  Hooves.
Interviewer:  Okay. Did you um what what did you call the game that you played with the
791:  horseshoes.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Throw horseshoes.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I bet you were good at that.
791:  #1 I've thrown quite a few #
Interviewer:  #2 you're like tall #
791:  #1 I've thrown #
Interviewer:  #2 tall # yeah
791:  #1 quite a few of them. #
Interviewer:  #2 quite a # yeah. um now the male sheep is the
791:  ewe.
Interviewer:  The male is
791:  oh the male #1 is uh #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah # Did you ever raise them?
791:  No I had didn't raise any sheep.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  Raised goats but no sheep. Ram.
Interviewer:  ram? Okay and you shear them for their
791:  wool.
Interviewer:  wool okay. And the male hog is the
791:  boar.
Interviewer:  boar. Okay. and uh now you said a male that's been changed is a
791:  bar
Interviewer:  And a and a female is a
791:  a sow or gilt
Interviewer:  #1 gilt #
791:  #2 okay look #
Interviewer:  Yeah go ahead.
791:  gilt to when she brings pigs and then the sow.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about little little ones what do you call them uh
791:  pigs.
Interviewer:  Pigs? Have a name for a little uh a little male?
791:  Well after they after they wean from their mother why you'd call them shoats.
Interviewer:  How big is a shoat? What is it
791:  Oh around thirty-five forty pounds.
Interviewer:  I see. And then they get to be called uh finally
791:  a hog.
Interviewer:  Okay boar
791:  a boar sow or bar.
Interviewer:  Now the things they have on their back that stand up when they get mad
791:  bristles.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And have you ever gotten gored by the
791:  no I've never been cut by one's tusks but I've come mightly close several times.
Interviewer:  Really? What would you call a hog that that grew up down in the woods a?
791:  Wild boar
Interviewer:  well
791:  or wild hog.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  wild hog.
Interviewer:  Folks used to let them grow out there
791:  oh yeah. Yeah they there's wild hogs now. In some areas.
Interviewer:  Now a noise made by a calf when it's being weaned you say it's
791:  Bleating.
Interviewer:  Bleating? What about
791:  #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 some of the noise # Other noises you hear animals make when they're general noise a cow would make when it's being fed.
791:  Lowing. They cows will low or some people when they you separate them from their calves why the calf some people say the cow is bawling
Interviewer:  yeah
791:  the calves would be bleating or lowing.
Interviewer:  Okay. And a uh a a horse during feeding time a gentle noise of horse
791:  nicker
Interviewer:  nicker?
791:  Nicker.
Interviewer:  Now a a hen on a nest of eggs is called a
791:  sitting hen.
Interviewer:  Okay. And you said you kept him in a chicken house or a what a was that a fenced in area
791:  yeah you could have a fenced in area chicken yard.
Interviewer:  Okay. Did did you ever call it uh uh any other names uh What about a place where you keep the little ones a
791:  brooder. Brooder house
Interviewer:  #1 brooder? #
791:  #2 or brooder pen #
Interviewer:  Okay or a coop #1 yeah #
791:  #2 coop # Right.
Interviewer:  okay. Now when you eat one the the piece that you kept and uh tried to pull apart what do you call remember
791:  pulley bone.
Interviewer:  Pulley bone?
791:  pulley bone.
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh what was the did you have any superstitions behind that any stories behind the pulley bone or
791:  Well they claim that whoever got the short piece would uh get married I believe or the long piece I forgot which piece it went.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay. I can't either because I've heard #1 I've heard it like that too #
791:  #2 I've heard # I've heard it both ways.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now the inside parts of the chicken that you eat you call a
791:  #1 the breast. #
Interviewer:  #2 you # Okay well maybe the liver the heart the gizzard
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  #1 Chicken #
791:  #2 heart # chicken liver. the chicken gizzard
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Chicken heart.
Interviewer:  Did folks ever eat the lungs or {NS}
791:  Not that I know of. Okay bye bye. {NS} I don't want no more of this.
Interviewer:  Huh?
791:  I don't want no more of this. I've been {D: verb} in a bus driver {D: unknown word} station here in Burnam there's a lot of {D: word} going on five years.
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  Headache.
Interviewer:  {NW} Headache. Lots of responsibility. Yeah. Um well any a any names you had for say the edible insides parts of the pig or the calf you ate? You know the entrails or #1 anything like that #
791:  #2 oh yeah # Hey. Back in the older day of course that that's not uh completely gone now. You you buy trite in the grocery store canned.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  But back in the old days why it as the old saying went they didn't throw anything away except the hair and the squeal. That's all you lost in a hog was the hair and the squeal.
Interviewer:  Well tell me tell me all about the hog what you what you uh did with it when you once you scalded it and killed it and that sort of thing.
791:  Well you you kill the hog and cut his throat to where he bleeds or stick him that's what most people call it. You'd stick him in his jugular vein #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah. #
791:  to bleed him. Then you would have you water boiling and
Interviewer:  Did you use did make anything from the blood?
791:  No no we never we never did make anything from the blood now I've heard of them making uh blood pies from beef but I never did see any of that. I never did
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  I know this modern day where a lot of people use is uh bl- uh beef blood for fish bait. Clotted they call it gel. You just catch the beef blood and put it in the refrigeration and it will be just like jelly in a jar. You'd cut it up into little squares and you can't use it in a stream but you can use it in still bodies of water. They say that catfish can't resist it. But still
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  On these hogs why you would scald a hog and you had to know what you was doing or you'd set the hair. Then you didn't get the hair off you'd have to skin the hog.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  So the way I always do it is to it depends on several different factors. Uh it's extremely cold you get your water to boil and if your hog is just been killed in other words still hot why you would fill your barrel or whatever you're going to scald the hog in with boiling water and usually take about two or three quarts of cold water tap water or well water and dash in it and that's usually will bring it to about the right temperature and you don't want to leave the hog in there for a long period of time you want to take the hog out and let it get air. And that then you sample. And when that hair and hide starts slipping why changing or turn him over and you scald the entire hog in that procedure and then get him out on a bench {NS} or a table and go ahead in and scrape the hog. clean him scrape scrape him or clean him till he's lily white. Then you {NW} split the hog's hind feet and get the heel string out and that's what you call gambling. You have a gambling stick that's tapered on both ends
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  usually about sixteen inches long and it's knots up small amount in the middle enough dead center and then on each end where you have it sloped off why you have a little knot to where that heel string won't slip off but your gambling stick and then you take and spread the hog's hind legs and put the gambling stick in and then it's according to the size of the hog it's uh how many takes to hang him on a hook or a pole whatever you're going to hang the hog on and then you gut the hog. That's in other words you split him down the center in the front between his hind legs all the way to the end of his chin. Take all of his intestines out.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  When you get all of his intestines out {NS} {NS} That thing's a headache but it's {D: phrase} otherway continuous.
Interviewer:  That's okay and I'm blessed.
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NS} Nope. No more #1 {X} #
791:  #2 We should have just went off # up there north the house somewhere and then the wife could have said "No not here!" {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  uh what you were talking about now when you cut the meat the part I I mean the parts of the uh what parts of the hog did you call it you know What about the meat between the shoulders and the ham what do you call that?
791:  The middlings.
Interviewer:  Middlings?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  You would you after you after you uh clean the hog why get the gotta its intestines out why you let it drip uh rinse it out with clean water and let it drip dry. And then you would it to depend two ways. If you wanted pork chops you split the hog straight down the back bone. Split the back bone completely down the center. If you didn't want pork chops why you split the hog on each side of the back bone. Cut the ribs loose on both sides then all you having was ribs and then you had the back bone which you would cut up into sections and boil or bake or barbecue or whatever you want it. Then if you wanted pork chops you'd set it straight down the center and it depends on the size of the hog or the size of pork chops you want just to have why the rib you would cut to leave on the pork chop. Then you cut in between each set of ribs and that's where you got your pork chops.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  #1 And #
Interviewer:  #2 You call that # if you cut it down the middle you call that a what a
791:  Splitting him open.
Interviewer:  #1 uh #
791:  #2 down the # down the center of the #1 backbone. #
Interviewer:  #2 You say a what of bacon a # you had some you hang the bacon so where uh
791:  slab of bacon.
Interviewer:  Slab? A side of
791:  #1 A side of bacon. #
Interviewer:  #2 you get #
speaker#3:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 side of middling. #
Interviewer:  side of middling?
791:  Right. You had the ham and then you had the fore shoulder and they had the middle middling in between or side in the bacon.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh now the what did you call the salt or sugar cured meat you might boil in your greens uh? Or something #1 {X} #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} # {NW}
Interviewer:  {NS} Did you have you know like you might a little bit of it out and boil it in your greens it was
791:  sea uh to season them you mean #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 yes. #
791:  I don't you'd usually use a small piece of ham hock or uh
Interviewer:  okay.
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Did you ever put you know maybe it was kind of fat had some fat in it uh
791:  jowl. That's the part under the neck.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  And you'd it was usually extremely fat so you'd use the jowl and ham hock in for seasoning purposes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Do you ever hear of fatback? What was fatback or uh
791:  well fatback is where you got an extra thick amount of middling. In other words where the middling is extremely fat where it comes up on its back. That's what you call fatback.
Interviewer:  I see when you use that meat for anything or
791:  Well you'd use it for bacon. #1 In other words #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
791:  it serves same as
speaker#3:  {D: words} and fry the batter on over it or cook the fat out of it. #1 {X} #
791:  #2 if it's too much fat. #
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Um side meat or any any kind of meat you'd boil in your greens or anything like that? You know uh yeah. Streak of lean or anything Do you ever hear of that?
791:  yeah. #1 it'd be a streak of lean #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  That's what they call bacon.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. Uh now the kind of meat you'd buy thin sliced and smoked maybe to eat with your eggs that was
791:  bacon.
Interviewer:  Bacon okay. What'd you call the outside that you would cut off of the outside part of the bacon is the pork
791:  skin?
Interviewer:  skin?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  the okay. Now um if you catch your meat too long you say the meat's turned what?
791:  Spoiled.
Interviewer:  spoiled. Okay. Um Oh I meant what what'd you make from the head? Did you make anything from the head?
791:  Yeah you uh you'd go uh go two routes. Hot tamales now you better be quiet you and your friend Stephanie
speaker#3:  Okay.
Interviewer:  no that's #1 okay #
791:  #2 you # you make hot tamales. Or now you take the head and after you've cleaned it thoroughly why you'd uh put it in a pot and boil it until the meat would just fall off of the bone
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And you would then season it to make hot tamales. Grind run it through a grinder. And grind it up. And you'd make hot tamales. Or in the older days why they'd make hog head sauce or hog head cheese. #1 Different people had different names. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # I see. Did you ever take that meat made for the head and mix it up with corn meal or anything like that? Or onions or anything uh?
791:  Well no other than making the hot tamales and that's the way you'd make your hot tamales is you scald your meal
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  And after you seasoned your meat that you boiled off of the head why you season it and if you scald your meal and put small amount of meal and make a little crevice in the meal
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  And lay it on the shuck. A regular corn shuck.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And put your seasoning uh meat in the meal. And then roll it and fold each end in and place it in a pot. Well then whenever you got it your pot full you'd take one plate and turn it upside down on the pot. Fill uh put just enough water to steam it. And turn this plate upside down and sit it old-timey wood urn. On top of the plate. To hold the plate down to where the the hot tamales wouldn't rise to the top and where they'd all cook through. And that was making the hot tamales.
Interviewer:  Uh okay did you ever make uh something uh from the liver?
791:  Liver and uh onions.
Interviewer:  Liver and onions?
791:  Hash.
Interviewer:  Hash?
791:  Liver and hash. #1 that's liver #
speaker#3:  #2 and he was like # {D: phrase} polite too.
Interviewer:  How what how is that what would how would you #1 use in a {X}? #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 liver and lich. {D: unknown word 'lich'} #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} # {X} {X} {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Uh with some hog meat or cornmeal and cook it and after it got cold you'd fry it and slice it Anything like that? Uh
791:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 You ever # make scrapple or #1 You ever heard of that? #
791:  #2 no. #
Interviewer:  Okay. That's it. Uh {NS} Now um if you catch your butter too long and it didn't taste good you say what happen what would happen?
791:  The butter is rank.
Interviewer:  Rank?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What what what uh what now thick sour milk that you've got on hand you'd call
791:  clabber.
Interviewer:  Clabber? Okay.
791:  If it was thick. If it had clabbered. Otherwise it was sour or blue john.
Interviewer:  Blue john?
791:  That's in other words that's milk that uh
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 it's spoilt or # sour And it's not clabbered completely. Lot of people call it blue john because there was very little cream on it.
Interviewer:  Uh did you um ever make anything from the what would you make from the clabber?
791:  You'd churn it. Clabber and make butter.
Interviewer:  Okay. That that that that sour thing uh the sour milk you might make out of uh how's that work?
791:  If it if it was uh refrigerated or in other words if it wasn't {D: dunno what he's saying here} why you could
Interviewer:  yeah
791:  uh use it in making biscuits or bread.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  And same thing applies to the clabber. Why you could use the clabber milk for in other words it serves the same purpose as yeast. It would help to make it rise.
Interviewer:  Did you ever make uh anything else out of clabber uh
speaker#3:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 sort of # cheese or
791:  Make curd.
Interviewer:  curd? Okay.
791:  Out of clabber.
Interviewer:  Alright.
791:  We never did make any cheese.
Interviewer:  Curd is what? Is that a white
791:  it's just as white like you buy cottage cheese
Interviewer:  Cottage cheese?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Go on.
Interviewer:  Now um something the the part that the hog okay other parts of the hog you've used that those parts of the
791:  Well you do uh
Interviewer:  The entrails as you call them the what
791:  right. The in intestines or chitlins. You most people referred to them in the old days as chitlins.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And the way you'd do that why you'd uh when you'd finished uh with your hog and had him safe from flies or squared up and couldn't bother him why you'd have a chitlins covered and you'd clean those.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
791:  And after you had had cleaned them and got all of the {D: words?} tallow or fan off of them why then you would turn him wrong side out. When you had cleaned the in uh the outside and got everything off of him Why you'd take you a little stick about sixteen inches long Usually about as big around as your small finger usually peel it and just start at the end and catch a little bit of the intestine. And just run the stick through and work the intestine on the stick and when you went wadded it all up on the stick pull it and you had it turned completely wrong side out. And that's when you uh went to work and washed the out inside of the chitlin when you had it turned outside when you had it turned wrong side out why then you would clean it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  And a lot of the housewives that in the old days why they even went through the trouble to plait them.
Interviewer:  That's
791:  plait the chitlins.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  In other words you could boil them make them tender as you season it or if you wanted to you could parboil them and then fry. That was your chitlins.
Interviewer:  Parboil.
791:  Boil them for a few minutes to make them tender.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  And then fry them.
Interviewer:  Now if it's you might hear your cow mooing and your horse neighing you'd say well my guess it's getting kind of late I didn't realize it was getting onto
791:  feeding time.
Interviewer:  Feeding time. Okay. Uh What was now Imma ask you what about haslets? Did you ever have haslets or did you ever hear that name? Okay {D: word} harsley maybe right here? Uh now. Now uh ways you might call your your animals are in a farm. How would you call a horse uh Call to a cow first uh. How would you call cow?
791:  Well you call a cow by hollering oo shuck shuck shuck.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  #1 Or you'd say it loud. #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh we yell # Yeah. Now we yell like {X} Like that. That in itself they wouldn't come like that. How do you call a horse?
791:  Whistle. Whistle for the horse.
Interviewer:  Whistle?
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh any other words or just just whistle generally?
791:  Well if uh if the horse's name if they if the horse was in other words if you knew the horse and his name his name was flied to him why you could holler {NW} come on Macata! Or whatever the horse's name was. Which my horse now I can call her that way and she'd be here in just a few minutes. Yeah.
Interviewer:  What uh {X} when you call her a calf. How about when you call a calf.
791:  Come on baby or sooka, sooka.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh and when you're call the horse to turn right or left in plowing.
791:  Gee for right haul for the left.
Interviewer:  Okay. What what about when you call a sheep? Did folks have a
791:  I never I never raised any sheep boy I never did have no occasion to call them.
Interviewer:  And when you're feeding chickens.
791:  Chickens. Chick chick chick!
Interviewer:  Okay now when you're feeding your hogs you might saw
791:  {NW} piggy. Pig.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What would you say to a to a horse that's stomping?
791:  Woo.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and to uh when you wanted to when you were standing on him when he was still and you wanted to get him going.
791:  Get up.
Interviewer:  Get up.
791:  Get up.
Interviewer:  Or
791:  yeah {D: phrase}
Interviewer:  {D: phrase} Okay. And if you really wanted to get it moving when he was just trotting along you might say
791:  Tap him with a line.
Interviewer:  Tap him with a line. That now when you're riding a horse you call that what when you're riding when it came back from those of his when you're riding a horse you held onto the
791:  reins.
Interviewer:  Reins? Okay. And uh when you're in a wagon you held onto the uh
791:  lines.
Interviewer:  The lines? Okay. Um Okay. Uh what you put your feet into what you put your feet into when you're
791:  in oh in a stirrup. You mean in a when you're riding a horse.
Interviewer:  Yes. Okay. And uh if you when you plow if you had two two horses what'd you call two of them uh that you're plowing?
791:  King?
Interviewer:  Well.
791:  Or a pair.
Interviewer:  Okay but did your daddy mate one from the other or one maybe walked to the furrow uh and one walked outside the furrow something like that.
791:  Yeah well you usually have one walking the balk or and one walk in the furrow or one on each side of the balk. That's usually they they both was walking in the furrow. In other words you'd have a narrow balk in the middle.
Interviewer:  I see. What'd you call the one maybe on the left or uh if you just use this uh not a middle buster just a single turn plow something like that.
791:  #1 Well #
Interviewer:  #2 One horse would # Would there be one horse? That did most of the work uh or?
791:  If you was using just the one horse well if you're using a pair why you'd usually you uh see that they both did their part if it was heavy pulling.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  In other words you might kind of hold back to The one on the right if he was taking most of the load you'd hold him back and make that other one give that other one little punch or tap for the line to make him pick up and do his part.
Interviewer:  Uh now if something's not right near a hen you say it's just a little just a oh that's just a little
791:  little jump or
Interviewer:  Little jump over there?
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay uh uh that's just a
791:  hop step and jump.
Interviewer:  Little what down the road #1 That's #
791:  #2 little distance. #
Interviewer:  Little distance down the road Okay. If you've been traveling and hadn't finished your journey you might say you still got a what to go before dark? I still got a
791:  A mile to go or a ways to go.
Interviewer:  A ways to go? Okay. Four piece?
791:  Four four piece.
Interviewer:  Now if you slipped on the ice and fell this way you'd say you fell
791:  backwards.
Interviewer:  Okay and if you fell this way you fell
791:  forward.
Interviewer:  Somebody asks you do you did you catch any fish? You might say No, blank a one. No
791:  not any.
Interviewer:  Not any? Okay. Ever used nary? Nary a one.
791:  {NW} Nary a one. Yeah I've heard it used.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Now uh hen you got rid of all the brushes the brush and trees on your land you say you're doing what to the land you're
791:  cleaning it up Clearing it.
Interviewer:  Clearing it? Okay. Uh talking about hay uh that uh the second cut in the hay you might call the
791:  It'd usually be the best cut.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Did folks have a name for it? Does it distinguish between the first cut and then the
791:  Nothing nothing that I know of other than the first cutting or second cutting or the last cutting.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay now when you came out to the pasture in spring there might be a whole bunch of dead hay on the what do you call that the something that was left over from the cutting in the fall Does folks have a name for that?
791:  Not that I know of just other than something that was left over and they usually mess you up when you're cutting a bale of hay.
Interviewer:  something will it?
791:  Yes it will mess you up.
Interviewer:  Leftover hay?
791:  Leftover hay in a hay mat.
Interviewer:  Why's that?
791:  Well whenever the hay whenever your young grass starts growing and grows up why that hay is left laying on the ground. The old hay that was left on the hay matter why it was left in the field the previous cut why then when you start mowing the new hay that's come up and grow ready to cut why when you start cutting it why this old hay's loose and rotten will hang on all your teeth and instead of you sickle of cutting the hay it'll just go to dragging it over. Riding it over. And then you've got to stop clean all your teeth off and start over. Back up move all the old rotten hay in other words you have to have it clean.
Interviewer:  Huh. Um now what if one year you planted say corn in a field and the next year you planted peanuts and up between the peanut rows would come up
791:  stalks of corn.
Interviewer:  Yeah what do you call that corn?
791:  Volunteer stock.
Interviewer:  Volunteer? Okay. Uh wheat is tied up into a
791:  Bundle.
Interviewer:  Bundle. And then you might pile it into the bundles or sheathes are piled into a did did you ever or hay same thing with hay uh #1 You ever #
791:  #2 a stack. #
Interviewer:  Stack? Okay you might to say we were raised forty what of
791:  bundles or stacks.
Interviewer:  Forty what of wheat to the acre? Forty
791:  Bushels
Interviewer:  forty bushels an acre? What do you have to do with oats to to keep the uh to get the grain from the rest of it?
791:  Combine.
Interviewer:  I see you say you're doing what your oats?
791:  I never have did much of that.
Interviewer:  Or wheat uh you what do you have to do to to get the grain from the
791:  trash it or? I'm not familiar with their process of of
Interviewer:  Okay. Well that that um now uh uh You were talking about the bread the the stuff you made earlier what what do you call flour baked in loaves?
791:  Loaves of bread.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Any um like what about uh would you have any different types of
791:  No usually why you have pom cornbread or a loaf of bread if you bake light bread
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
791:  #2 The old # fashioned way. Make make it with yeast.
Interviewer:  Okay what what light bread that was?
791:  It was made of yeast.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
791:  Which lots of people still make. It's the same type of bread that they did back in the twenties and thirties by using yeast and flour #1 and make a #
Interviewer:  #2 I see #
791:  pom of bread. A loaf of bread. Or a roll.
Interviewer:  Alright. Um did did did you have any other types of bread uh that you'd make? Would you um
791:  Biscuits, cornbread and
Interviewer:  Well biscuits they were they were cooked in a in a pan, a
791:  In a pan.
Interviewer:  Okay. Any other kinds cooked in a pan a? Did Did your wife ever make any um
speaker#3:  Rolls.
791:  Rolls?
Interviewer:  Rolls? Yeah.
791:  Make rolls and cornbread and biscuits.
Interviewer:  Uh you were talking about using uh cheese in your bread. What would you call that type of bread? Or milk?
791:  Milk.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Not cheese. #1 Milk. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
791:  Well you just call it uh buttermilk rolls #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 butter #
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Which you buy today in the grocery store buttermilk rolls.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  Made out of buttermilk.
Interviewer:  Did did uh you ever make any with potatoes in it uh?
791:  No we never
Interviewer:  #1 never? #
791:  #2 did make any. #
Interviewer:  Never made any? Potatoes in it or? Okay. Alright. So um the topping of that cornbread though you said you you'd use a you you bake it in a large tank
791:  Large pan or a large skillet.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  According to the size of the family.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NW}
791:  Like it is with us now two of us here why a very small skillet or pan of bread.
Interviewer:  Okay. And you might call that a what a
791:  Pom of bread.
Interviewer:  Okay what was a pom? That one's a
791:  That was just a baking of bread regardless of whether it was in a pan or a skillet. #1 uh #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  Lot of people call it a pom.
Interviewer:  I see. Now I had in a in a restaurant today I had a uh kind of a long round thing about like you know round and about this long
791:  Corn stick.
Interviewer:  Okay corn stick? What's a corndodger? Do
791:  Well a corn dodger and I think where it got its name was they used to be a brand or meal. Corndodger meal was the name of the brand.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Brand name.
speaker#3:  {X}
791:  That's back years ago.
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
791:  Corndodger meal. If I'm not mistaken it had the picture of a red-headed peckerwood on the side.
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  Yeah.
speaker#3:  It still does at least in the
791:  #1 do they still have it? #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
791:  #1 Well they #
speaker#3:  #2 It has a #
Interviewer:  #1 Peckerwood? #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  that
791:  a red red-headed peckerwood that pecks on the pollard trees that's now that's that's been back yonder in the thirties I can #1 remember then. #
Interviewer:  #2 yes. #
791:  #1 And she says it's still #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  Still got it.
Interviewer:  Now uh talking about that uh cornmeal though um the corndodger was that a certain shape or size of piece of cornbread or?
791:  Not not necessarily not corndodger it was uh most people just referred to it even a piece as corndodger well it was because it was back them days why it was why it was mostly made off corndodger brand meals.
Interviewer:  I see. Oh oh I get it So it could be any just piece or shape or
791:  right.
Interviewer:  Okay now then something cooked in a big a big kind of a fat piece cooked in a skillet you'd call a
791:  a cone.
Interviewer:  A cone. Did you ever have a little smaller one thinner one a?
791:  Yeah a lot a yeah a lot of people my wife cook cooks occasionally back a long time ago she did a good bit of cooked uh cornbread in the muffin pan.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 In other words # make each little
speaker#3:  {X} corn muffin.
791:  corn muffin. #1 corn meal muffins. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
791:  #1 Made in a muffin pan #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
791:  like you'd make sweet muffins in.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  And then she also has a a cast iron I guess you would call it a skillet that you make corn sticks in this day and time you.
speaker#3:  Made by corn
791:  basically it's all {D: phrase} blown pieces made out of cast iron and looks like a stick of corn because it's got the imprint in the cast iron for each grain of corn where you just put your meal in each one of those and bake it and it comes out a corn meal stick.
Interviewer:  Would you ever boil any in in cheesecloth with your greens or something like that?
speaker#3:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Like a #
791:  #2 no. #
speaker#3:  like a
Interviewer:  corn
791:  #1 I've heard of corn meal mush #
Interviewer:  #2 no? #
791:  but I never did hear of #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 What was corn meal mush? #
791:  it was where you uh season the meal. And and more or less put water in it and cook it till it was something similar to grits. This day and time like
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  Cornmeal mush.
Interviewer:  I see.
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  Now talking about grits that was what that was uh grits was cracked finely cracked cornmeal?
791:  Right. It
Interviewer:  Did did you have any
791:  fine
Interviewer:  Excuse me.
791:  It was ground but not as fine as meal.
Interviewer:  Okay. Did you have any big kind of puff kernels maybe after you leeched the shell off the kernel uh You'd eat those?
791:  No you uh whenever you uh shelled your corn and {D: word} charactered the meal why you either had chops made out of it or meal uh if you was having it made into meal why you could tell the man that was running the meal that you'd love to have some grits also why then he'd take a certain amount of your corn and make grits out of it.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  And then if you want to eat something good why have the wife make some uh lye hominy.
Interviewer:  Yeah what is that?
791:  That's when you take the large grains of corn and you clean it thoroughly be sure there's no husk in it
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  And put uh now the old fashioned way was take oak ashes out of the fireplace. Take the oak ashes. Do them up in a {D: spelling/word} claw. Put the corn in water in a washcloth. Put this piece of cloth that's got your ashes tied up in it in the washcloth. Cook the hominy until the husk and the eye of the little kernel eye of the corn would slip out. And when it would all slip off and the eye or corn would slip out why it was done. You'd take it out wash the corn through several waters until all the husk and these little small particles that is the eye of the grain of corn came off to where you didn't have nothing but the clean grain of corn Well it then all you had to do was add salt to it and a lot of people why they'd cook it with fry it after it was uh made into hominy why you'd take and add a small amount of grease and you cooking utensil and put your hominy in there and a little salt and uh stew it down. In other words put some lard in.
Interviewer:  Okay now that was puffed up yellow?
791:  Puffed up yellow off white.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. {NW} {NW}
791:  Hominy.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  Butter and hominy you buy out of grocery stores this day and time.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Uh now did you ever cook any you mentioned mush was that the kind that you cooked in a deep pan and it came out soft like potatoes or
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  I see. Did did you ever maybe make any that you just mixed maybe uh the uh cracklings from um the {D: word} fall fat in there?
791:  Oh yeah. Yeah that's crackling bread.
Interviewer:  Crackling bread?
791:  And yeah we have them out in groceries these days. #1 Yeah these #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  We make it all pretty regularly here.
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  #1 I have #
speaker#3:  #2 I put pepper in it. #
791:  Now you put pepper in it.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  Jalapeño pepper.
speaker#3:  Jalapeño pepper is makes it better.
Interviewer:  Okay any uh uh what about the type you might boil in a deep pan a these little round uh balls you eat them with with seafood a lot uh
791:  Fish. And
speaker#3:  Called hushpuppies.
791:  Hushpuppies.
Interviewer:  With hushpuppies? Okay. Um did you ever cook any in the ashes? Any any other sort of cornbread mashes?
791:  We never did.
Interviewer:  Okay.
speaker#3:  We did.
Interviewer:  Y'all did?
speaker#3:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
speaker#3:  You put you put that bread in the skillet and then put another skillet I mean the top on it.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
speaker#3:  And then you put the other You put down the hot corn you put hot corn on top. And you cook it that way cause {X} it'll stay there. It takes longer because the sticker.
Interviewer:  Okay.
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  Alright. Um well now uh the two there's difference there's a lot of difference between the kind of bread you make at home and the kind you buy the store the kind you buy at the store
791:  light bread.
Interviewer:  Light bread that's the kind you buy at the store? Okay. Now did you ever eat anything dried in deep fat had a hole in the middle of it a?
791:  Donuts.
Interviewer:  Donuts. Okay any different types or? uh That you'd make that your wife would make uh?
791:  No just plain plain donut.
Interviewer:  Okay. In making your rise with yest or baking powder different?
791:  Oh yeah you you'd have to add the yeast or baking powder to make it rise.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh now sometimes you might mix up a batter and make these in the morning and put syrup on them and
791:  hotcakes.
Interviewer:  Hotcakes.
791:  Hotstacks.
Interviewer:  Okay.
speaker#3:  flapjacks.
Interviewer:  Flapjacks?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  You ever call flitters or anything?
791:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Flitters? Okay.
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  {NS} People want to
791:  break. Break your windows out get that so quick make your head swim.
Interviewer:  I know. When I was in college I lost two bicycles. Just leaving them at night without a lock {NW} gone.
791:  My son had a he had a print shop here paralyzed from his waist down. That print shop right here in Leeville right by the side of the Burnam bank just across the street from the Burnam bank. And he was working late #1 there #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
791:  and had his car parked and he had a tape deck and everything in there. And uh he was in the side working with all the lights on. And when he got ready to come home He walked out to get in his car window was broke out driver on the driver's side window was smashed out and they left the brick back in the back seat of the car. In other words if he walked out at the wrong time why he's got a brick {D: phrase} right upside his head and all of his stuff is gone. Everything.
speaker#3:  {X}
791:  #1 Tape player #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 tore it all out. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  He had a recorder just like you got here. He was going to college.
Interviewer:  {NW} Sorry to hear that. Now you say you go to the store to buy what a pound or two
791:  Of flour.
Interviewer:  Two yeah. Two what?
791:  #1 To make #
Interviewer:  #2 two #
791:  bread?
Interviewer:  okay. Um the uh the inside part of the egg call
791:  yellow. Or yolk.
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh if you cook eggs in hot water
791:  poached. Poached egg.
Interviewer:  Poached.
791:  Or boiled eggs if they if you leave the hull on.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. Now talking about that uh deep something baked in a deep dish and it has a crust on top uh maybe it doesn't have a crust on the bottom it's it's have some kind of a fruit filling in it.
791:  Pie.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Something like a pie but this was maybe uh had more liquid in it than a pie it was kind of a
speaker#3:  cobbler?
791:  cobbler.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Did you did you ever have any other names for those uh just call them cobbler or
791:  Peach cobbler or berry cobbler or
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. Um now what would you call a kind of a something made with uh milk or had cream or sugar mixed in it uh that you might pour on top of a on top of a pie or a pudding or something like that.
791:  Topping.
Interviewer:  topping?
791:  Topping.
speaker#3:  cream.
791:  or cream.
speaker#3:  Whipped cream.
791:  Whipped cream.
Interviewer:  Okay that was just a sweet sweet uh
791:  topping
Interviewer:  Sauce or
791:  Sauce.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now food taken between regular meals you call a
791:  Nack or snack.
Interviewer:  A nack? Or a snack?
791:  Snack.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um
791:  Or a knick knack
Interviewer:  Now you might say uh how how do you make coffee?
791:  You put your water on and when it comes to a boil why have your coffee your ground coffee in your pot and then pour your water through on on top there how many cups you want to make. and let it drip through.
Interviewer:  Uh you drink a lot of uh coffee? {X}
791:  I drink enough to float triple battleships #1 in my lifetime. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  My mouth
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Now uh when dinner's on the table and the family stands around waiting again what would you say to them? You might all say well everybody
791:  Everybody come on to lunch or come on to dinner.
speaker#3:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 come # come on to supper.
Interviewer:  They're all standing you might say everybody
791:  everybody be seated or everybody sit down.
Interviewer:  Sit down okay.
791:  Be seated.
speaker#3:  Get your plate.
Interviewer:  So uh they all come in and they they all they've all what? So you getting to the table and they've all
791:  washed. #1 Ready to eat. #
Interviewer:  #2 All washed and # they've all gotten chairs
791:  All sit down.
Interviewer:  All sit down. Okay. And you want somebody not to wait until the potatoes are passed you might say
791:  pass the potatoes.
Interviewer:  Well before you might say go ahead and
791:  Go ahead and help yourself.
Interviewer:  Help yourself. Okay. So he went ahead and
791:  Served hisself.
Interviewer:  Helped
791:  helped hisself.
Interviewer:  helped hisself okay. Now if you decide not to eat something you say I don't
791:  I don't care for it
Interviewer:  don't care for it okay. If food has been cooked and served the second time you say it's been
791:  warmed over.
Interviewer:  #1 Warmed over? #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Now you put your food in your mouth and you begin to
791:  chew.
Interviewer:  Chew it. Oh. We were talking about mush. Um something you might make out of corn meal maybe and boil it with salt and water in it that was
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  okay. Did you ever make any out of uh just uh leftover cornbread or something like that you might mix up with anything else? uh
791:  #1 Not that I know of. #
speaker#3:  #2 it's called cush. #
Interviewer:  #1 You've had that? #
791:  #2 Other than that. #
speaker#3:  That's called cush. {X}.
Interviewer:  Cush. Did you ever have cush?
791:  Yup. Yeah.
Interviewer:  What was that?
791:  It was where you had the leftover cornbread and put onions in it and made the little seasoning #1 and stir it up #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 I see that was #
791:  #2 kind of bake it. # That was the cush
Interviewer:  Cush. Okay. Alright.
791:  And then if you had cornbread leftover from say from dinner why you might uh you know to change the menu a little why you might slice the cornbread and fry it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  In other words you back those days you didn't throw anything away if you could save it or use it.
Interviewer:  Now uh we were talking about you had your own vegetable
791:  garden?
Interviewer:  Garden?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  What sort of uh vegetables you have? What
791:  Well I I grow everything here. I mean uh uh uh most most family gardens would have.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Squash. Cucumbers.
Interviewer:  What type squash you got?
791:  Yellow crookneck.
Interviewer:  Okay is there another kind of white flat squash?
791:  Oh yeah. #1 there's star shaped squash #
Interviewer:  #2 what's that called #
791:  Now they've got okra squash and flower squash they have all types of squash okra and everything it's all
speaker#3:  didn't know it was called white squash.
791:  You have all types of different vegetables now.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Now uh you something's cooking it makes a good impression on your nostrils you might say Mm just
791:  smells delicious or smells good.
Interviewer:  Yeah won't you just
791:  Get a whiff of that?
Interviewer:  Smell that?
791:  Smell of that.
Interviewer:  Smell of that. Okay. Now we talked about making your own syrup syrup is uh what is
791:  uh product of sugar cane
Interviewer:  Okay different from molasses you say molasses is is thicker? Molasses
791:  I'd I'd say that uh syrup or molasses is one and the same. Uh some people might call #1 syrup molasses. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  and I think was I don't I don't know just exactly how they arrived at that as the old saying goes they used to some of them said uh pass the molasses. And the little fellow said well I can't say molasses cause sir I haven't had any yet. So he couldn't say molasses because he hadn't had any. #1 He just #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  All he could say was pass the lasses. Where he hadn't had no mo-lasses.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay. Now you might say this isn't imitation maple syrup it's Not the imitation it's
791:  real {D: word macola} or
Interviewer:  Yeah Pure or
791:  Pure.
Interviewer:  gen
791:  Genuine.
Interviewer:  Genuine. Okay. Sugar uh now is sold in packages but used to be sold
791:  in Bundles or #1 bar #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 in bulk? #
791:  #2 bark. # bulk.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you all a sweet uh spread you make by boiling sugar with the juices of uh some sort of fruits or something like that? {X}
791:  Jelly.
Interviewer:  #1 Jelly #
791:  #2 Jams. #
Interviewer:  Okay. And on the table to season food with you have uh
791:  Salt pepper.
Interviewer:  Salt?
791:  Maybe pepper sauce.
Interviewer:  Salt and pepper?
791:  {X} on a red {X}
speaker#3:  {NW} {X}
Interviewer:  Now the bowl of fruit say peaches and apples you somebody offers you peaches you might say no What get no I don't want a I don't want a I don't want a peach give it one
791:  Give me an apple.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now It wasn't these boys it must have been one of
791:  those boys.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh now somebody speaks to you you didn't hear what he says what might you say to make him repeat you might say
791:  pardon or I didn't understand
Interviewer:  Okay pardon? or What what's that? Or something like that?
791:  I didn't hear you.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was the boy
speaker#3:  rich
791:  that was rich or had plenty.
Interviewer:  Okay. That That what? That When I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy that his what?
791:  his parents was rich.
Interviewer:  Okay. A man if a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about. But life is hard on the man
791:  that's poor?
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {NW} now the inside part of a cherry the part you don't eat you call that the
791:  seed.
Interviewer:  Seed. And uh can you tell me the types of peaches you have here uh?
791:  Well the only type that I have is what they call an Indian peach. It's a a press peach in other words it's clings to the seed. #1 It's not a clear seed #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  and it's the flesh or the peach is a deep red.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Extremely dark red.
Interviewer:  After you eat the apple the part you have left is the
791:  core.
Interviewer:  core. Did you ever dry apples or?
791:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Call them
791:  dried apples.
Interviewer:  snips ever hear of that before?
791:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. No the kind of what kind of nuts you got? #1 Said you had almonds #
791:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  uh something like that
791:  uh I have Japanese walnuts and pecan trees course pecan trees don't very seldom bear now and then they'll hit.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  but too many insects.
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  My hometown is the pecan capital of the world. but uh we we can't get them to grow in our backyard. {NW} You got to line them good. #1 Not here. #
791:  #2 yeah. #
Interviewer:  #1 So #
791:  #2 line? #
Interviewer:  so soil doesn't have a good line here as I understand. That's what uh Mr Khumalo was telling me. Yeah Khumalo talk about a walnut now the outside part of a walnut you call the
791:  hull
Interviewer:  The hull you gotta get down okay. The kind of nuts you pull out of a peanut what kind did you ever have different names for them or different types?
791:  pinders or
Interviewer:  Pinders.
791:  goobers.
Interviewer:  Goobers. Okay. Now you what kind of other fruit you got uh fruit comes from Florida that's
791:  {NW} you mean citrus fruits uh
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Oranges.
Interviewer:  #1 you got a #
791:  #2 lemons. #
speaker#3:  grapefruit.
791:  grapefruit. All those come from Florida. California.
Interviewer:  You have a bag of oranges. You you you see that there's none left you might say where are the oranges or
791:  gone or out.
Interviewer:  Oranges are all
791:  all gone.
Interviewer:  Okay. You got a little red peppery vegetable kind of with a wide inside grows in the ground? Um you might eat it raw or use it as a relish.
791:  Oh uh radish.
Interviewer:  Radish? Got that here?
791:  we have them.
Interviewer:  Okay and then there's that big red and juicy grows on a vine my favorite vegetable except for okra my favorite vegetable is okra. #1 this is #
791:  #2 tomato #
Interviewer:  Yeah. What type do you got for them?
791:  All types.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  {NW} every Every type. Gulf states and creole just all types.
Interviewer:  #1 what's a creole mean? #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  it was developed in Louisiana by a university.
Interviewer:  Really?
791:  Creole {NW} especially for Louisiana.
Interviewer:  Now a little one maybe no bigger than the end of your thumb you might call that a
791:  tommy toe
Interviewer:  tommy toe? Okay. Alright. You ever heard of out house tomatoes? {NW}
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  That's some some folks well I've heard that folks calling them out house tomatoes or something like that. Tomatoes will grow. Around you know where sewage is.
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  That's what I'm thinking people can't digest tomato seeds.
791:  No.
Interviewer:  Can't digest them. Now you were talking about potatoes uh what what other kind of what kind of potatoes you got?
791:  Uh arsh potatoes is all that I
speaker#3:  #1 particularly #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  grow in yeah why you
Interviewer:  Well tell me about sweet potatoes you #1 call them #
791:  #2 well # sweet potatoes uh why you call them yams or
Interviewer:  Got any different types? Or anything?
791:  No uh that you got different types but it's
Interviewer:  {X}
791:  why you don't specify them I mean you don't you just call them potatoes or sweet potatoes.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 It's # It's easier to identify a sweet potato or arsh potato.
speaker#3:  Yeah. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Now something # with a strong odor that makes tears come to your eyes
791:  onions.
Interviewer:  You got you different types of them or?
791:  No I don't I very seldom grow any {D: could just be written as unintelligible} for that you no more than you use why you can buy them.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Cheaper than you can fool with them.
Interviewer:  Now that kind of young onion you might use when it's uh cut young little fresh ones? uh
speaker#3:  Evergreen?
791:  Evergreen.
Interviewer:  #1 You might use them #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
791:  like in making dressing salads and something like that. blades.
Interviewer:  Use shallots? Have you got them here? Or anything?
791:  Yeah. Yeah we I very seldom grow any #1 just occasionally. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  And if you leave a a fruit drying lit around it'll dry and
791:  {D: he could be saying "swivel"} shrivel away.
Interviewer:  Okay. Kind of vegetable that comes in large leafy heads uh
791:  Lettuce. Cabbage.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Yeah you say what what
791:  head of lettuce or a head of cabbage.
Interviewer:  Do you raise them here? you got
791:  #1 Raise #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  raise a head of cabbage.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  Lettuce is is too hard. Too many insects.
speaker#3:  No {X}
791:  Well lettuce has to be planted in a bed or and then transplanted. if lettuce is not transplanted it won't head.
Interviewer:  You got any cabbage plants now?
791:  No I have few in the spring but they're all gone now.
Interviewer:  What'd you plant? You planted about what? {NS}
791:  Oh I just planted about half a row.
Interviewer:  Oh about twenty?
791:  About thirty or forty.
Interviewer:  Heads of
791:  one one bundle of plants. I think the chickens got all of them but about eight or ten.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  You say I planted what about twenty or thirty
speaker#3:  plants.
791:  Plants.
Interviewer:  Cabbage
791:  Cabbage plants.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now when you want to get beans out of the pod by hand you say you had to
791:  shell them.
Interviewer:  Okay. We were talking about butter beans and lima beans uh what are the kind you got the kind of beans you eat pod and all?
791:  String beans.
Interviewer:  String beans?
791:  #1 Or snap beans. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Snap beans. Okay. What different kinds do you grow? Can I ask
791:  #1 I very seldom #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  I very seldom plant anything other than Kentucky Wonder.
Interviewer:  Kentucky Wonder.
791:  Kentucky Wonder.
Interviewer:  And then you got the kind that grows up
791:  you have the bunch or the running. You can buy them bunched Kentucky Wonders or the running Kentucky Wonder.
Interviewer:  Okay you got anything that grows up on a #1 straight up? #
791:  #2 pole? #
Interviewer:  Pole beans?
791:  No I don't have any.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now you take the top of turnips and cook them and make up a mess of
791:  turnip greens.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Any other types of uh greens you use besides turnip tops?
791:  #1 Make collard #
speaker#3:  #2 mustard #
791:  mustard
Interviewer:  Yeah. I hear that folks use that poke. I thought
791:  Yeah.
speaker#3:  oh yeah.
791:  Old timers why they bleeding the pokes out.
Interviewer:  #1 Pokes out? #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 Pokes out. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  I see.
speaker#3:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 He didn't early spring. #
speaker#3:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 When it first comes out. #
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah I saw man I saw a lot of that with I saw those weeds grow up there I said that looks kind of rough I don't know if I could eat that or not.
791:  #1 I haven't eaten any of it in years. #
speaker#3:  #2 It tastes like spinach though. #
791:  That that's
speaker#3:  You get you some tastes like spinach.
791:  It tastes like spinach. {NS} You got to get it when it's young and tender in early spring. #1 In other words after early spring #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 why it's no good. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Now if a man had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a what of kids?
speaker#3:  family.
791:  a whole passel of children.
Interviewer:  Passel? Okay. #1 Great. #
791:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Um the corn is tender to eat on the cob you call
791:  Ear corn.
Interviewer:  Well if it's tender enough to eat off the cob
791:  Rosemary.
Interviewer:  Rosemary? Okay. You ever hear any word like mutton corn or?
791:  I don't think.
Interviewer:  Okay. The top of the cornstalk is the
791:  tassel.
Interviewer:  Tassel? Okay. And the stringy stuff that comes out of it
791:  Silk.
Interviewer:  Silk? Alright. Now the large round fruit that grows in the ground you might use this during Thanksgiving to make a pie out of or
791:  pumpkin.
Interviewer:  Pumpkin? #1 Okay. #
speaker#3:  #2 It grows on top. # {NW}
Interviewer:  Huh?
speaker#3:  Doesn't grow in the ground. {NW} Grows on top.
Interviewer:  Oh. Did I say in the ground?
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  I didn't mean to say that. {NW}
791:  uh
Interviewer:  I'm not that gauche. {NW}
791:  #1 uh #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 I'm not that naive #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 I know a little about the farm. #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Um What kind of melons do you raise?
791:  A Charleston graze is what I always plant.
Interviewer:  That's the uh #1 what? #
791:  #2 It's a large # grade melon.
Interviewer:  watermelon?
791:  watermelon.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} Do you grow any other types around here Mr. Foster?
791:  Oh yeah. Yeah. There's all types growing. Black Diamond and
speaker#3:  #
speaker#3:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 then a lot of people # is planting a {NW} striped melon they. I believe the seed was developed in Texas
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  By one of the universities I don't know the name of them I I've never tried any of them.
speaker#3:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Somebody # told me that they're #1 planting yellow meat watermelon #
791:  #2 {NS} #
Interviewer:  #1 around here. #
speaker#3:  #2 yeah it's delicious. #
791:  They're They're the sweetest melon on the market is the yellow-meated watermelon.
Interviewer:  I've never seen one of those #1 in my life. #
791:  #2 you # Well I'll tell you where can find them.
Interviewer:  Are they big?
791:  They're pretty good size melon. You can find them at uh Jame's red and white grocery store. They've got them there. Mr Shancle raises them.
Interviewer:  Is it really yellow?
791:  Just as deep yellow as you can get and just like taking a bite of sugar. Or honey it's so sweet.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  They're delicious.
Interviewer:  That's I'll tell you a story my grandfather uh
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  You might not want it on that tape.
Interviewer:  Go ahead.
791:  Uh back years ago my brother he he was one of them that didn't take a dare He's in everything like most boys but anyway why he got pretty good size boy there was about five or six of them got together and they went off on an old tire truck no cab on it and an old Ford an old Ford tire truck with no cab. Well they'd been off to a dance or a party somewhere and they was coming back and they pulled up in one of the {NS} people's houses lived in the neighborhood and he had a watermelon patch just before you got to his house down the lane a little piece. so Some of them said let's get the watermelon. so they stopped the old truck they two or three of them jumped over the fence and got a watermelon a piece. Well that wasn't bad enough to steal a man's watermelon so they got up to the man's house and somebody told my brother says I dare you to bust one of them on his front porch. So my brother said stop the truck. Said I'll bust it. So when the man stopped the truck well my brother jumped off the truck and run and throwed the watermelon from the gate it landed on the porch well by the time it landed on the porch why this old Ford truck I usually to predict {X} #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  You know #1 Ford truck went dead #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  just as my brother got back to it why the old boy's trying to crank it and he said {NW} #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  #1 That was it. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  so they had to leave the truck and they broke and run course the man was up with his shotgun and
Interviewer:  #1 blew all the tires off of it #
791:  #2 {NW} # no the next morning when the old boy's truck it belonged to went back why he said well he said no he said you can get the truck by paying the for the watermelon you busted on the steps and the watermelons you got on the truck. So he
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 {NW} # He paid for the watermelons and got his truck.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  But I
Interviewer:  Oh boy uh {NW} My little brother did that once and he got caught too. Um now any other different types of melons you raise?
791:  Uh
Interviewer:  little melons uh or buy them?
791:  They
speaker#3:  {X}
791:  I I I've never raised any of them they've got what you call a ice box melon it's a very small melon ice box melon. and now that we've we've got some people that grows the melon in fact I had some of them last year here in the garden. I planted a few hills. #1 and it's nothing #
Interviewer:  #2 right #
791:  for those watermelons I don't know the name of them but a long large gray melon and it's it's not anything uncommon for them to reach eighty or ninety pounds. If they're if they're cared for. You may even see some of them before you leave town. They I haven't saw any so far this year but they usually later than all the other melons. They'll come out be three three and a half four five dollars a piece. But they're huge melons. People will buy them to carry them all the way across the states.
Interviewer:  Huh.
791:  Just for show.
Interviewer:  Um now little melons with the white meat or yellow meat you call them a what a
791:  Pine melon? or ice box melon.
Interviewer:  Ice box do you ever get cantaloupe? Cantaloupe?
791:  Oh cantaloupe yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 I thought you meant we're still on watermelons. #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
791:  #2 Yeah. # #1 You have canteloupes #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  mush melon.
Interviewer:  Mush melon? Okay. Now a little thing that might spring up in the woods after a rain with an umbrella shape
791:  mushroom.
Interviewer:  Mushroom? You {NW} you got the kind of those that you can't eat you call them a what? You can eat mushrooms but you can't eat a um
speaker#3:  toadstool
Interviewer:  How's that
791:  toadstool.
Interviewer:  Toadstool? Okay. Now you might say this soup's so hot I couldn't what
791:  suit?
Interviewer:  Soup. It's a
791:  #1 oh soup. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  I can't uh eat it. #1 Or #
Interviewer:  #2 what #
791:  #1 or can't swallow it. #
Interviewer:  #2 sw- # Okay. What do people smoke? Some smoke pipes others smoke
791:  Cigarettes. #1 Some cigars. #
Interviewer:  #2 and # Okay. Now uh somebody offers to do you a favor you might say I appreciate it but I don't want these they offer to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate I don't want to be
791:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # beholden? Or
791:  beholden or
Interviewer:  Beholden to you or obligated to you which one?
791:  Well most people when they want to do you a favor why it ain't it's not always to get you to uh be obligated to them
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 or # you just don't want to override your friendship.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh somebody asks you about sun down to do some work and you say I got up to work before sun up and I blank on going to do today I
791:  did all I'm going to do today.
Interviewer:  Did all I'm going to do today okay. There was a terrible accident on the road but there was no need to call the doctor because the victim was #1 un- #
791:  #2 already # #1 dead? #
speaker#3:  #2 dead? # {NW}
Interviewer:  Already dead? Okay. Uh now getting in the types of animals you got here you got what about that kind of bird that sees in the dark? You got that a
791:  Owl?
Interviewer:  Yeah what kind of owls you got?
791:  You got the hoot owl the horned owl.
speaker#3:  screech
791:  And the screech owl.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh And you said that bird that pecks is
791:  peckerwood.
Interviewer:  Peckerwood?
791:  Red headed peckerwood.
speaker#3:  {X}
791:  They were almost extinct here a few years ago they we was on the wildlife and fisheries conservation magazine came out and said that they was just a such a small amount of them left that they was asking everyone to not kill them because they were such a easy target with that black with a white vest and a bright red head with a white {NW} uh neck. They was such an easy target till they was asking everyone not to kill them and now they came back and they're everywhere. You can see plenty of them but they for years they've got to where you would never see one but one a year.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  and there's been one right here for the the whole summer. Eating figs and different types of fruit. Uh he he's stayed right here the whole summer.
Interviewer:  Now uh you got a big one? you know maybe about the size of a half grown chicken? Wood hen when it gets grown? #1 You ever seen those? #
791:  #2 Wood # a wood hen?
Interviewer:  yeah or any big ones? uh {NW}
791:  yeah they they they call them Indian hens.
Interviewer:  #1 big like smacker woods #
791:  #2 you mean wild? # Yeah. That's what you call an Indian hen.
Interviewer:  Oh.
791:  That's uh they're they are huge bigger than a red headed peckerwood. In other words they're about large as a half grown or two thirds #1 grown chicken. #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
Interviewer:  That's an Indian hen peckerwood?
791:  Yeah it's they'll get on a hollow tree and peck on it just like a woodpecker.
Interviewer:  Now talking about peckerwood you you ever hear that used that word used in any other sense? uh folks will use it to describe people or?
791:  Yeah. You got a head as hard as a woodpecker or a lot of people refer to them as having a head as hard as a woodpecker because he peck on a log or stump.
Interviewer:  Okay. You you ever hear of for a class or type people or you're all white you know you might get mad at somebody and say that? #1 Say why you old #
speaker#3:  #2 {NW} #
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 you old peckerwood #
791:  #2 you old wood # peckerwood or wood pecker. You old peckerwood.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay what would that mean? Was that was that would folks use as a compliment or?
791:  Well not necessarily they just probably if someone was kind of con contrary or something or didn't want to go along #1 with the crowd or #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  the party or something. #1 You hear that used now. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  This day and time. You peckerwood you.
Interviewer:  Okay. It just meant
791:  Yeah. It just a lingo or
Interviewer:  It just meant somebody was what they're
speaker#3:  hard headed.
791:  Hard headed.
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  {X} somebody like that you'd say I I didn't know he was so hard headed or my goodness
791:  #1 he sure is a #
speaker#3:  #2 bullheaded #
791:  bullheaded.
Interviewer:  #1 person? #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Stubborn or
791:  stubborn. contrary.
Interviewer:  Contrary. A contrary person is a a type of person who you know just
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Always want things his own way that sort of thing
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay we'll get back to that in a little while but now the kind of black and white animal that has a powerful smell
791:  Skunk.
Interviewer:  Skunk?
791:  Pole cat.
Interviewer:  Pole cat. Okay. Talking about squirrels you were talking about squirrels uh any different types you got around here or?
791:  You have two types. Cat squirrel fox squirrel. Cat squirrels small and feisty as lightning and the fox squirrel is huge large.
Interviewer:  Yeah. You got a little one maybe that can't climb trees runs around on the ground here?
791:  No. We
Interviewer:  Okay. Oh what type of fish you got? Uh
791:  Pretty well all types.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  Catfish bass brim perch bluegill
Interviewer:  okay any saltwater fish uh that you know about? uh #1 {X} #
791:  #2 No # I I would imagine that this German carp that has ended up in all of the streams and lakes probably is saltwater.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  It came up the rivers and creeks from the island gulf
Interviewer:  #1 okay. #
791:  #2 German carp. #
Interviewer:  Uh what what's that kind of seafood you're not supposed to eat unless the month has an "R" in it?
speaker#3:  {X}
791:  Was it crab?
Interviewer:  Uh
791:  #1 I'm not familiar. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  oysters?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Was it them? um any other kind of shr- seafood you might get here or? Little fan tailed #1 type animal #
791:  #2 shrimp. #
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  Shrimp.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh might go out to buy a couple pounds of
791:  Shrimp.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about that thing that um you find in the streams around here I hear y'all get a lot of them they go backwards they got claws and
791:  crawfish.
Interviewer:  Crawfish?
speaker#3:  Crawdad.
791:  You got lots of them in Louisiana.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  Plenty of them.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Down south Louisiana it's many of them are they have to at certain times of the year when the water uh has been way up and recedes
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  There'd be so many crawfish on the highway until the cars will mash them and they'll have to get the uh state to come in with the motor patrols and dry the highways to get the crawfish sludge off the highways.
Interviewer:  #1 they're that common? #
791:  #2 to keep them # That's right. You're to the not this past spring but a year ago this past spring
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 They had so many of them #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 that you could just #
Interviewer:  {X}
791:  Go there and fill up a wash tub full in just a a few minutes and sit them in trunk of your car and {NS} door or fill a bed of a pickup truck with a square footed shovel just scoop them up now that's how many it's no exaggeration that's facts.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  That's facts. Everybody. From all over north Louisiana everywhere went down in south Louisiana below where the {D: uncertain} is got all the crawfish they want.
Interviewer:  Now those things you hear that make a a noise around the pond at night
791:  Frogs spring frogs or bull frogs
Interviewer:  You you got two two different types?
791:  you you got two different types. Toad frogs.
speaker#3:  Tree frogs.
Interviewer:  #1 toad frogs? #
791:  #2 tree frogs. #
Interviewer:  Tree frogs? What's yeah tree frogs is a little ol'
791:  little green frog that usually stays on green vegetation uh we usually got some around this fig tree you they'll step up on the window there and catch insects at night off of the windows.
Interviewer:  talking about insects what kind of them you got around here?
speaker#3:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  got too many of them to talk about. {NW} There all type of insects.
Interviewer:  You got the kind that uh bites in your clothes and and uh like you have to like put these little balls in your clothes to get rid of them
791:  we very seldom bother with with them. Uh
speaker#3:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 them the insects past out in the garden and fields is # about the only thing we have to worry about.
speaker#3:  yeah we got {X} on ours.
791:  Yeah you now clothes moths but very seldom in the house.
speaker#3:  yeah.
Interviewer:  you don't get the
791:  moth balls.
Interviewer:  #1 yeah you don't get the moth balls or anything #
791:  #2 if you if you store them # if you store them outside of something why you might put the moth balls or the B-D-B in them.
Interviewer:  Now something that uh
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  that might go around a a lamp at night
791:  candle bugs
Interviewer:  candle bugs? Okay. um what do you go fishing with? uh
791:  I usually use a spin and reel or
Interviewer:  #1 no no no no #
791:  #2 oh #
Interviewer:  um something you might #1 use for bait. #
speaker#3:  #2 worms crickets #
791:  worms cricket or artificial baits.
speaker#3:  {X}
791:  Shiners.
Interviewer:  Shiners? Okay. Talking about uh worms you might use what kind of worms you have?
791:  regular earth worms or red wrigglers #1 or nightcrawlers. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # I see what's a red wriggler?
791:  He's a medium size worm deep deep red
Interviewer:  red worm? You ever call it . #1 that #
791:  #2 red # Red worm.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  The nightcrawler reminds you of a little small snake. He's quick fast there's lot's of wiggling while you're trying to put him on the hook.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  So nightcrawler.
Interviewer:  What they regular type worms?
791:  It's it's regular type worm but they'll get to be large they grow pretty large.
Interviewer:  you got a kind of a white one that maybe grows in a tree or something in a rotten tree you see
791:  that's a grub worm.
Interviewer:  grub worm?
791:  grow around the ca uh barn where the rich dirt #1 or in a #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
791:  under rotten logs.
speaker#3:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
791:  {NW} Grub worms. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Now then you got that hard shell animal that sticks his head back and
791:  terrapin.
Interviewer:  Yeah. But you got any uh terrapin what what types you got of turtle?
791:  Just just the one terrapin and then you got hard shell turtle logger head soft shell turtles you got all types of turtles.
Interviewer:  I see.
791:  Lots of them.
Interviewer:  Okay. You know what a you know what a you got a gopher here?
791:  oh yeah.
Interviewer:  okay what's that?
791:  it's a little animal that {NW} goes on the ground go uh you got the salamander or the mole. The mole he just goes just under the ground and raises the dirt up where you can see where everywhere he goes. But the salamander he'll just push up a little mound of dirt and it may be several feet before he pushes up another little mound of dirt.
Interviewer:  Salamander.
791:  salamander.
Interviewer:  That's a how big is it uh
791:  He's about five inches in #1 length. #
speaker#3:  #2 kind of like a rat. #
791:  About like a medium size rat.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
791:  yeah. They have a pouch on each side of their jaw they carry a whole bunch of food in that to wherever their den's at.
Interviewer:  {NW}
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  We caught you know now we got a lizard that we call a salamander in south Georgia.
791:  A lizard.
Interviewer:  yeah. A type of lizard we call a salamander. #1 It's a #
791:  #2 called #
Interviewer:  little you know thing that goes around like that little old thing?
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah some of them you find them in the water. like they're #1 they're green #
791:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  you know they're green they live in streams and things like that.
791:  I've
Interviewer:  well
791:  I've never used
Interviewer:  Then you got that kind of a thing talking about getting back to insects again you got that kind of a bug light stuff uh
791:  lightning bug.
Interviewer:  lightning bug. Okay. And you got a uh then you got the I hear that you got lots of uh {X} kinds that will bite you if you're
791:  mosquitoes.
Interviewer:  Mosquitoes.
791:  Got plenty of them.
Interviewer:  I was I was riding a bicycle
791:  We
Interviewer:  go ahead
791:  we're not bothered by them too bad here. Uh. One thing uh we read different books on uh the mosquitoes and the martins. Martin bird
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  and they tell us uh different books is told I I don't remember the amount of mosquitoes that one martin consumes in a day. but it's a huge amount. It's almost unbelievable how many mosquitoes one bird
Interviewer:  #1 really? #
791:  #2 one martin can consume # and uh I keep a martin box here year round so not just one or two but several. And there's always martins here and I'm very of course I #1 know we have mosquitoes #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 Because I have a pond and #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 they branches. #
Interviewer:  #2 creek water yeah. #
791:  But it it works.
Interviewer:  Well now the martin that's that chimney sweep isn't it
791:  #1 it he looks #
Interviewer:  #2 that #
791:  #1 like a chimney sweep #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 now that's different #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  the difference between a martin and a chimney sweep.
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen a martin get after a hawk?
791:  oh yeah.
Interviewer:  I've seen them get after a hawk they'll kill him.
791:  #1 They'll #
Interviewer:  #2 the hawk will yeah #
791:  they'll run him completely out.
Interviewer:  Talking about in uh mosquitoes what else eats mosquitoes these things might hang around the pond uh
791:  Frogs.
Interviewer:  Well you ever seen these are kind of a long thin bodied insect with transparent wings
791:  oh mosquito hawk.
Interviewer:  Mosquito hawk?
791:  Mosquito hawk.
Interviewer:  Okay. You got any insects that sting uh flying insects?
791:  {NW} Got the bumble bee and the wasp #1 yellow jacket #
Interviewer:  #2 what type # what type wasps you got?
791:  you got the red wasp dark red and then you have the guinea wasp that's kind of striped like. Got a little yellow different color on it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Is a bumble a yellow jacket? That's a uh is that a wasp or
791:  no that's on the bees family. It's a little yellow bee.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  #1 And they'll #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  wrap you up when you get in stir up a mess to them #1 why #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  they'll get all over you up your britches leg down your collar up your shirt sleeve in your nose they'll get all over. You'll hunt a hole water to get in #1 quick. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW} Miss where where do they build a nest?
791:  In the ground.
Interviewer:  Okay. And then you got a you got a kind of a type wasp that make builds its nest in a dirt place on the side of the yard?
speaker#3:  dirt dauber
791:  Dirt
Interviewer:  meant no kind of a dirt place on the you know on the side your house or something like that?
791:  uh bumble bee?
speaker#3:  no dirt dauber.
791:  no You mean
Interviewer:  ever heard dirt dauber?
791:  Yeah you got the dirt dauber that build a a nest out of dirt
Interviewer:  #1 yeah what #
791:  #2 and lays eggs in there and # and then lays egg and then kills catches spiders and paralyzes them and puts them in the uh nest or in the hole with this egg that the dirt dauber has laid. And then that uh egg hatches and makes the larva and when the dirt dauber hatches into a dirt dauber he pushes the end down the nest and he already got his food there ''til he gets old enough to survive on his own.
Interviewer:  have um have you gotten kind of a thing that makes a big paper nest kind of like shaped a
791:  hornet.
Interviewer:  Okay.
791:  Yeah a hornet.
Interviewer:  #1 Now them the worst. #
791:  #2 uh # Yeah that's that's the reason I said down here a few days uh yesterday that uh a lot of people say that the boys are meaner now these days than they used to be well I still don't go along with that because I remember one instance where that a boy pulled a hornet's nest and crammed a piece of paper in the hornet nest and carried this hornet nest to a church.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  And putted it just as he throwed it he pulled the paper plug out of the hornet nest.
Interviewer:  Oh no.
791:  Yep. So that ain't no meaner now {NW} it's just more for them to get in to but
Interviewer:  {X}
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  The folks were in the church?
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  In the church?
791:  full of full of people.
Interviewer:  {NW} during the
791:  during the service. Course that'd been many many years ago.
Interviewer:  God
791:  {NW} #1 more than anything #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
791:  I'll tell you what you can do you can shoot one of them hornet nests with a 22 rifle and it won't go more than the {NW} gun pop and that bullet hit until there'll be a hornet where you're at don't never try it. Don't think that hornet can't follow the path of that bullet. #1 He be there to you #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  it don't matter if you're 100 yards out there He'll be there to you in a {NW} few seconds.
Interviewer:  {NW} Now small insects you might be walking through the woods and these will get in your skin and burrow your make them raise red welts on you
791:  red bug.
Interviewer:  red bug?
791:  Chiggers.
speaker#3:  ticks.
791:  Ticks.
speaker#3:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You got that insect that hops through the grass and the
791:  grasshopper.
Interviewer:  Grasshopper. Okay. Ever heard them called hopper grasses? or anything like that
791:  I always call them grasshoppers.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh you might gosh something uh uh that this insect makes you might find one across the corner of the room if you haven't swept in a while
791:  spiderwebs.
Interviewer:  Spiderweb? Okay. uh if you find one outside you might call it a what across a tree spider web?
791:  Spiderweb.
Interviewer:  does would maybe uh one you might find a spider that left a band or something like that what would you call that got to get a broom and sweep beneath it
791:  cobweb
Interviewer:  cobweb eh so you might say cobwebs were something you know about inside you know any difference between a spiderweb and a cobweb?
791:  No I don't guess at it I I don't I don't know what would be the difference cob cobweb might be cobweb's just been left there so long.
Interviewer:  Okay.
speaker#3:  whole lot of them
791:  or a whole lot of them or something.
Interviewer:  Now when you're pulling up a stump you have to dig around and cut out the
791:  tap root or the
Interviewer:  the roots?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Did did you ever use those for anything? Folks ever use roots to make medicine of any sort?
791:  #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
791:  sassafras did but other than sassafras why I never knew of making uh anything out of the root now other than uh ma making different types of medicine now the limbs or the leaves
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  #1 back in the old days why they #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  I don't I probably would never think of the name of it uh back in years ago why lots of people had {D: might be another word} raisins were boiled to think call them now
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  and uh about the only way you could get rid of them was to take this particular bush that grew on the side of the spring branches and Toro creek and different creeks in this area
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  and they would uh make a tea out of that and give it to children and it would clear up the {D: rizens} for meeting just within a few days why you quit having them. maybe you'd have six or eight only. And then having them continue.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  and it would clear them up. It would clear clear up the bloodstream I presume.
Interviewer:  But you can't remember any any types of roots they might have made for {D: dunno the word pulises} or something like that or?
speaker#3:  {X}
791:  {NW} well that wasn't from the roots that was from the bark of uh red oak trees it'd make a red oak {D: word} polis
Interviewer:  I see
791:  for drawing out infection or anything #1 in fact #
Interviewer:  #2 okay #
791:  they use arsh potatoes.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  but it's it's a good mash arsh potato. You can make arsh potato {D: word} polis and draw out splinters or or anything like that in other words take uh raw arsh potatoes and scrape them. Like a {D: pollus} and it works.
speaker#3:  {X} Some people might
Interviewer:  Mr {X} can you what type of trees do you have here in the neighborhood?
791:  Pine hickory red oak post oak black gum black jack
Interviewer:  What's black jack?
791:  It's a type oak type of oak. Don't never get very large and then you got the sand jack acorn tree don't never get very large lot of times be just loaded with acorns and you got elm spruce you got all different types. Pretty well
Interviewer:  Have you got a a a kind of a tree with a white scaly bark and big
791:  chicken willow.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Got them
791:  plenty of them
Interviewer:  now here you got tall but what
791:  Catalpa
Interviewer:  Catalpa tree?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh have you got that kind of big shrub that makes people break out sometimes it turns red in the fall uh some folks used to use it to tan leather with uh su- um sumac
791:  sumac?
Interviewer:  sumac?
791:  Sumac.
Interviewer:  You get that?
791:  I don't {NW} I don't believe I've gotten any of it here I know what you're #1 talking about I saw lots of it #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  it's around uh out of Toro it was around our old place and it grows up makes pretty good size uh not tree but pretty good size stalk #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah shrubs #
791:  four five inches in diameter and be spread maybe 6 to 8 to 10 feet and just be loaded with little berries. Little clusters of berries like grapes only very small.
Interviewer:  What other types of berries you got here?
791:  blackberries huckleberries dewberries
Interviewer:  #1 you #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  strawberries
Interviewer:  can you raise rasp uh
791:  yeah you can raise raspberries.
Interviewer:  Raspberries okay. Now that's uh the kind the berries you can't eat you say they're better not be careful about those berries they might be
791:  poisonous
Interviewer:  poisonous okay. Um speaking of did you get kind of a a vine here that will just eat you up if you get
791:  poison ivy.
Interviewer:  poison ivy
791:  or poison oak.
Interviewer:  okay. um have you got a large flowering tree with a shiny white leaf here a?
791:  magnolia?
Interviewer:  yeah.
791:  #1 or or #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
791:  sweet bay.
Interviewer:  Okay any types of tall bushes with clusters of moons on them or sort of that thing like a you know smaller than pollen yeah that's a giant.
791:  not that I can remember off hand.
Interviewer:  you got laurel of any sort here?
791:  not that I know of.
Interviewer:  okay. now if a married woman doesn't want to make up her mind she says I have to ask my
791:  husband
Interviewer:  okay any older names uh? woman
791:  spouse.
Interviewer:  spouse okay. I'd better ask but but
speaker#3:  boss
791:  better ask the boss.
Interviewer:  Okay or and a man might say I must ask
791:  I'll have to ask the wife or
Interviewer:  the wife okay. a woman who's lost her husband is called a
791:  widow.
Interviewer:  now uh what you call did you have affectionate terms you might call your father or
791:  {NW} Uh dad or daddy
Interviewer:  what is your father
791:  my father.
Interviewer:  okay. and you might call your you your mother any other what you call her do you have any
791:  no my mother or
speaker#3:  Mom.
791:  Mom.
Interviewer:  okay alright. Your father and mother together called your
791:  Mother and dad
speaker#3:  parents.
791:  or parents.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now you're father's father is called your
791:  grandfather.
Interviewer:  well any names uh any other names for him you might call him uh
791:  grandpa or papa
Interviewer:  and your grand your grandmother you might call
791:  mama or {D: momma}
Interviewer:  mama okay
791:  or grandma.
Interviewer:  okay. Now uh something on wheels you put the baby in and the baby or then you take the baby out
791:  baby carriage
Interviewer:  #1 okay take #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  him out and do what? Go out with the baby going to what?
791:  Shopping. or to work.
Interviewer:  setting saying going to go to what?
speaker#3:  {X}
791:  Strolling?
Interviewer:  stroll the baby? okay. uh your children are your sons and
791:  daughters
Interviewer:  okay. did you have a boy or did y'all have any kids or you had
791:  oh yeah we we got uh two boys and one girl.
Interviewer:  Oh okay. Alright. Now if a woman is going to have a child you say she's
791:  pregnant.
Interviewer:  Okay any other ways folks would say it uh
791:  well she's going to
speaker#3:  expecting
791:  expecting or going to give birth to a child or
Interviewer:  okay you ever hear broke foot or #1 anything like that #
791:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  if you don't have a doctor to deliver the baby you have to get a
speaker#3:  midwife.
791:  what is it midwife is it or what is it called?
Interviewer:  midwife? Did did they ever have an older name for it uh?
791:  that's That's what I'm wondering.
Interviewer:  #1 did did you ever #
791:  #2 feel like I did. #
Interviewer:  call it a granny or grand woman anything like that?
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  okay. um now if a boy and his father have the same appearance you say the boy
791:  has the same of which?
Interviewer:  has the same appearance. You say the boy
791:  oh that's taking after his father or the spitting image.
Interviewer:  okay. yeah if he looks like him you say he what he
791:  favors him.
Interviewer:  favors him okay. What about if he acquired the same sort of mannerisms or or uh behavior of his father you say he
791:  he's just like his daddy or
Interviewer:  okay. Alright.
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  any terms you use disapprovingly you know about acquiring his father's habits you know well that boy's drinking. He's a
791:  chip off of the old block or
Interviewer:  chip off the old block okay
791:  if his father if his father drinks he and he the boy drinks why you might say well some people refer to it well he's a chip off of the old block #1 the following in his #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  dad's footsteps or something like that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now to an only child you might say you're gonna get a
791:  spanking or paddling.
Interviewer:  paddling okay any other words uh
791:  lashing.
Interviewer:  lashing. Whooping or
791:  Whooping.
Interviewer:  Whooping okay.
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh now a child born to an unmarried woman is a
791:  uh illegitimate
Interviewer:  illegitimate okay. Any jesting names folks have for them uh you you ever hear them called anything uh else
791:  what do they call them?
speaker#3:  bastard.
791:  yeah call them bastard children.
Interviewer:  Okay. alright any names uh you heard used by other groups or by about blacks or by blacks or uh or white folks or anything like that? {NW}
791:  No not that I know
Interviewer:  Okay. Now your brother's son is called your
791:  nephew.
Interviewer:  {NS} Okay. {NS} A child that's lost both its father and mother is called
791:  a orphan.
Interviewer:  {NS} orphan. Okay. A person who's appointed to look after them
791:  guardian.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if a woman gives a party uh invites all the people that are related to her you say she asked all all her
speaker#3:  relatives
791:  kinfolks or relatives
Interviewer:  okay. {NS} you might say yeah she has the same family name and she does look a bit like but we're actually
791:  no kin or
Interviewer:  no kind okay. No
791:  not related.
Interviewer:  not related okay. Somebody comes into town and you hadn't seen him before you might say he's a
791:  stranger.
Interviewer:  #1 okay would it make any difference #
791:  #2 newcomer. #
Interviewer:  newcomer?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Would would it make any difference how far he came from Mr? Foster or
791:  no it wouldn't make any difference in other words if you didn't know him and he was a stranger in town why it wouldn't make any difference whether he's five miles or five hundred. He'd be a stranger or a newcomer.
Interviewer:  Okay now those folks that came from Nulano they refer to Nulano they might be referred to as what?
791:  well they they'd be referred to a native of {X} uh #1 I don't know if I can quite follow you. #
Interviewer:  #2 well # well didn't didn't some now Mr. West called some of them foreigners.
speaker#3:  oh.
791:  Well yeah they were they were something
speaker#3:  when they first came in.
791:  When they first came in Nulano yeah they was they was from everywhere. uh I think German and I don't know what all the nationalities but they was all different uh nationalities.
Interviewer:  so what was a foreigner then? A foreigner thought it was a person who's from
791:  from for another country.
Interviewer:  Okay. you wouldn't use that word to describe somebody from this country?
791:  no. uh
Interviewer:  okay. Alright. Um now the mother of Jesus was
791:  uh Mary
Interviewer:  okay. And George Washington's wife is named
791:  Martha.
Interviewer:  Okay. a nickname for Helen beginning with "N" is who did the cow kick in his stomach in the barn? Remember the old song wait till sun shines? Uh N-E-L-O-Y you ever heard that? N-E-L-O-Y? N-E double L-Y. You never heard
791:  I don't think.
Interviewer:  Nelloy?
791:  Nelloy?
Interviewer:  Yeah. You ever heard that used for a nickname for Helen?
791:  I don't I don't believe all I all I ever heard was Nelly or Helly.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now the nickname for little boy named William would be
791:  Bill.
Interviewer:  Well you had a goat you'd call it a what goat a
791:  billy goat.
Interviewer:  okay. Now the gospels were written by first of the four gospels. You had Mark Luke John and
791:  {NW} Oh uh
Interviewer:  Let's see
791:  {X}
Interviewer:  Matt is a short
791:  Ma Matthew.
Interviewer:  Huh?
791:  No let's see
Interviewer:  Yeah. Matt is a short name for
791:  Matthew.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now a woman who has charge of a classroom is a
791:  teacher.
Interviewer:  Okay. You call any old fashioned names ahead for {NW}
791:  #1 No I don't #
Interviewer:  #2 the old # Going back to the old school to see my old schoolmarm or
791:  #1 No I #
Interviewer:  #2 never heard of that? #
791:  No.
Interviewer:  Now uh the baseball hall of fame is in okay maybe that do you generally watch baseball or keep up with it?
791:  I never I never was #1 too much on baseball. #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah yeah. # Awful. Uh then uh
791:  I usually spend my time fishing or hunting.
Interviewer:  okay can you pronounce that name for me?
791:  Now that's Cooper?
Interviewer:  Okay a woman by that name if you saw her going down the street you'd say good morning
791:  good morning Miss Miss Cooper.
Interviewer:  Miss Cooper okay. Now a man you wouldn't trust to build anything but chicken coop you know you might say if he started on the house the the boards would always come out a level and something like that you'd call him a what {D: word} confidant?
791:  Jack Black.
Interviewer:  jack black? Okay what what {NW} that word jack black what would you use it about uh would you use it about a preacher? Say a man who didn't have a regular pulpit and like called
791:  no I uh I never heard of a preacher that didn't have a regular pulpit called a a jack black or uh he'd usually be called a stump preacher.
Interviewer:  Stump preacher?
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Somebody uh would you use that word about uh say he {X} you say oh he {X} was a what what what kind of governor would you say he was? Was he a good governor?
791:  Far as I know he was one the best.
Interviewer:  That's well that's my opinion of him too but I I I've heard some folks say he wasn't a good governor
791:  Well they you got a matter of opinion on any anything even the ones running for president of the united states now but uh
Interviewer:  He's an interesting man did do you remember do you know anything about him? You still remember?
791:  Oh I remember the day it happened just was uh due yesterday.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  Uh it happened in
Interviewer:  #1 36 or 37 #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  There's many a child stay in Louisiana it wouldn't have an education today that's my age or older or younger if it hadn't been for Huey P Long. A many a child. He's the man that uh made free textbooks to all students here. He's the man that passed it up until then why children was buying the textbooks and the parents didn't have the money to buy the school books with. {NS} But it was the money was too scarce there wasn't any.
Interviewer:  Now what relation would my mother's sister be to me?
791:  Be your aunt.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now the wife of Abraham was okay a girl's name beginning with an S uh
791:  beginning with S.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
speaker#3:  {X}
Interviewer:  S
speaker#3:  Susie
791:  Susie?
Interviewer:  No uh okay Sally is the nickname for uh well there's this there's this famous cake it's made by you know a a kind of a coffee cake or something like that it's made by these people they freeze it and the name of the company is blank Lee.
791:  #1 S #
speaker#3:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 I think I know what you're #
Interviewer:  #2 okay. #
791:  referring to but I can't get it
Interviewer:  Sarah
speaker#3:  Sarah Lee
791:  Sarah Lee
Interviewer:  Okay alright. Now if your father had a brother by the name of John you'd call him
791:  had a son?
Interviewer:  your father had a brother by the name of John you'd call him
791:  Uncle John.
Interviewer:  Okay and by the name of William you'd call him
791:  Uncle William. William.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now you told me you were in the army uh you wouldn't if you if oh uh were you in the army?
791:  Right.
Interviewer:  Okay. That's
791:  I was.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if old general Patton came up to you you wouldn't call him Mister Patton you'd say
791:  General Patton or sir.
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh the old gentleman who introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken that was
791:  Kernel. Sanders.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh What do they call a man in charge of a ship?
791:  Captain.
Interviewer:  Captain? Okay. Did you ever hear that use title used in other situations or would would folks ever call use that uh as a general term of address or anything
791:  {NW} No Not that I know of not that I remember.
Interviewer:  Somebody maybe walking down the street you might say morning captain something like that to them.
791:  #1 Not unless it was captain #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
791:  police or #1 something like that. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Did you ever hear a black man uh talk to a white man like that or say howdy captain something like that
791:  Yeah I've heard I've heard them. Morning captain but
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. Now the man who presides over a county court how do you address him?
791:  Judge.
Interviewer:  okay. And a person who goes to school to study is a
791:  student.
Interviewer:  okay. Now somebody employed like Elizabeth Reye to look after uh a congressman or businessman's private secretary private business is his private
791:  private secretary?
Interviewer:  yeah okay. {NW} Did you you heard about that business in Washington?
791:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  Ain't that something?
Interviewer:  I got a sister who works up there but she doesn't work she works for a university she doesn't work down there she notified me of that Now uh folks a man who appears in a stage would be an actor a woman would be called a
791:  actress.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now your nationality anybody born in the United States is called a
speaker#3:  American.
791:  American.
Interviewer:  American? Okay. uh Now uh did talking about names for uh they used to have special facilities up until a couple of years ago Special facilities you know even ride the bus and things like #1 that for #
791:  #2 right #
Interviewer:  for who for the
791:  colored people.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
791:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Alright now did did folks have different names for that? For them? You know they used to call what
speaker#3:  Niggers.
Interviewer:  {X} #1 go ahead #
791:  #2 yeah # Yeah they
Interviewer:  okay. Okay um any any you know slang names slang terms that you can remember like you know in Georgia they used to call them gator bait. You know they drag them through the swamps the uh that sort of thing. old gator bait uh any other
791:  I never I never was around uh too many of them uh when I was a boy growing up they was the nigger settlement not too off far 6 or 8 miles but
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  I we never did work any of them and uh I never was around any of them I worked uh with one for 11 years
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  whenever I would mow the fence and only one I worked with one for 11 years
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  and a lot of times why we would swap work I'd get him out here to help me if he needed to work or find something to fix why I'd help him and uh I've never had a second's trouble with him.
speaker#3:  {X} work him.
791:  uh But I never was around too never did work with them but this one one particular one course out in the service why they was few but very few
Interviewer:  okay.
791:  and I never was around enough of them to to harm another.
Interviewer:  Okay. Well would you would you use the word nigger usually uh or or would folks um uh you know around you use it a lot?
791:  oh yes. That's
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  that's in other words that was the name then look back in those days was nigger
Interviewer:  Yeah But folks now like to be they like to be called
speaker#3:  black
791:  black people or
Interviewer:  okay.
791:  I don't think they want to be colored called colored people or that is the younger ones don't The old ones why it doesn't make them that way nigger
Interviewer:  Yeah. Um
791:  {X} I've even got I've even got the in a predicament working with this one why something wasn't really done right and I said {X} with the other boy in fact I was with uh one two let's see two I worked with there was four of us and they was three of them that couldn't read or write.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  N Nary a one of them could read or write. And if they wasn't doing something that I thought was right I'd tell them before I'd even think to myself let's don't nigger it up now. #1 Let's do it right. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
791:  It ain't worth doing right it ain't worth doing at all. And I'd say before I'd even think about saying don't nigger it up.
Interviewer:  {NW} okay. Ever get mad at you?
791:  No he never get mad at it.
Interviewer:  okay.
791:  He he was one of them
speaker#3:  might laugh.
791:  He'd laugh. That he doesn't he don't like the way the other ones are doing {X} He'd ride all the time with us says it's ruining the world Mr. Lee he'd tell you and me. {NS}
Interviewer:  uh now uh but you and I we're we're called #1 what? #
791:  #2 white. #
Interviewer:  white okay. Now any any names we we talked about peckerwood any other names that that folks had for people or when they were you know
791:  uh when it's over uh
Interviewer:  #1 yeah derogatory names #
791:  #2 {D: probably not?} parlor games or #
Interviewer:  folks had for for white folks.
791:  Oh they might say he's overbearing or
Interviewer:  well no just a you know to any words that black folks would use towards white people or or white people would use towards other white people?
791:  no no no not that I know of.
Interviewer:  You old peckerwood or what about somebody who live back in the woods somewhere and never never came into town when he ever came into town he was always conspicuous you know he was just a oh he's just an old
791:  hermit or
Interviewer:  hermit {NW}
speaker#3:  tramp. {NW}
791:  tramp. If he didn't dress. Decent or neat
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  you couldn't always go by that if what a man has like years ago why you couldn't go by how a man dress
Interviewer:  yeah.
speaker#3:  #1 {X} #
791:  #2 I was # I was working for a fellow that's still in business in Leesville
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  And there was an old fellow walked up there and had on a pair of overalls and a blue denim shirt and like we was talking about yesterday had on a pair of blue overalls and a blue denim shirt and a jumper
Interviewer:  Yeah.
791:  and he asked about the price for a butane tank and a stove and refrigerator and I don't know what all uh in the line of equipment or uh appliances and just because he had on them blue overalls and a blue jumper and blue denim shirt why they didn't figure he had the money to buy a nickel can of snuff and
Interviewer:  {NW} they more or less smarted him off and he said well if y'all worried about the money and he just pulled out this big old {D: uncertain of words used} shovel
791:  Tell them about how fellows dressed as to what he Got or what he was
Interviewer:  Okay well you know any names that uh any other names that that folks had for a guy who just lived out in the country what about people who were who uh were you know lazy or folks that just they were what they people who
791:  Trifling or No count or No good
Interviewer:  Okay um did you ever hear what uh what would it mean if if you said uh well any other words that folks used for people uh like in Georgia we call people you know a person he's an old cracker or something like that did you ever hear that used
Aux:  A knot head
791:  Heard them called a knot head or a Somebody didn't think quick or right or
Interviewer:  Okay uh you a person like that you'd just say they were um a person what about a person who just lived back lived didn't keep themselves up didn't keep the house looking nice didn't give their kids any education or a chance at education or you know let the farm get get run down all the time what do you call you know um a man like that like he's just a what did you have any names for folks like that they just
791:  Don't care or
Interviewer:  Okay alright okay uh would you if you said she's just a if you were saying about a girl she's a common girl what would you mean
791:  Well she would wouldn't dress fancy or put on a bunch of makeup or In other words she's just plain
Interviewer:  Okay but you said a person might well she's just a she's a very common girl what would that mean
791:  Well it would mean that she didn't Go in for no fancy Talk or Society just plain common
Interviewer:  Okay would it uh would would you mean it as a compliment about the you know just she's just they're just common people #1 they're just {X} #
791:  #2 They're just right # they're just plain people they're just but they're good folks
Interviewer:  #1 Ordinary #
791:  #2 Yeah # Yeah ordinary
Interviewer:  Ordinary people
791:  Ordinary people yes Don't go in for nothing fancy or
Interviewer:  Alright now somebody who lives out in the country we were talking about he lives right on you know he just lives out in the where the
791:  Out in the sticks
Interviewer:  Sticks okay he's a he's just a what did you ever hear the word Hoosier or Hoosier
791:  Yeah country Hoosier
Interviewer:  Country Hoosier
791:  Yes
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  One lived way back outside in the woods where it was a long ways from any road or {NW} Town or highway or anything they'd say well that He lives so far back there they'll have to pump daylight to him every morning
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  Or he he lives so far out in the country I'll tell you He uses bob cats for house cats
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  And so old sayings like that
Interviewer:  Uh now at a party you look at your watch and it's around eleven thirty or so you might say we better be getting home it's
791:  Getting late
Interviewer:  It's what to midnight it's blank midnight it's
791:  Eleven thirty
Interviewer:  Okay would you say it's almost midnight or it's
Aux:  Thirty minutes
Interviewer:  Well night or nearly or
791:  It's it's nearly midnight
Interviewer:  Nearly midnight okay
791:  Or almost midnight
Interviewer:  Now you slip and catch yourself you say ooh this is a dangerous place I
791:  Almost slipped or almost fell
Interviewer:  Okay say I'd like to fallen
791:  I'd like to fallen
Interviewer:  Okay somebody's waiting for you to get ready so that you can go out with him and he calls to you hey will you be ready soon you might say I'll be with you
791:  In a second or in a minute
Interviewer:  Just what I'll be with you
791:  Just a second
Interviewer:  Okay just a minute
791:  Just a minute
Interviewer:  Now you know you're on the right road but you aren't sure of the distance you ask somebody how
791:  How far is it
Interviewer:  Okay uh you want to know how many times somebody did something you might ask them how
791:  How often
Interviewer:  #1 Do you do that okay #
791:  #2 Did you do that #
Interviewer:  Now you're sitting with a friend and you're listening to a political speech or something like that and he says well I'm not going to vote for that guy and if you wanted to agree with him you might say what
791:  I'll go along with you
Interviewer:  Uh me or what me he says I'm not going to vote for that guy you might say well me
791:  Me either
Interviewer:  Me either or or uh uh blank am I what
791:  Neither am I
Interviewer:  Neither am I okay now few parts of the body this is your
791:  Forehead
Interviewer:  Okay and this is your
791:  Hair
Interviewer:  Yeah somebody's got a
791:  Beard
Interviewer:  Beard okay which ear is it this is my
791:  Left ear
Interviewer:  Okay you might say an old town store keeper would keep his uh keep his pen
791:  Over his right ear
Interviewer:  Okay where in his
791:  In the back
Interviewer:  In the back of his ear okay uh somebody's mumbling you might say take that chewing gum out of your
791:  Mouth
Interviewer:  Okay uh he got a chicken bone stuck in his
791:  Goozle
Interviewer:  Goozle
791:  Neck
Interviewer:  Okay what what what's your goozle
791:  That's Your windpipe I presume
Interviewer:  Okay that's uh okay your windpipe is that your Adam's apple
791:  Adam's apple
Interviewer:  Okay um alright you call that your what your
791:  Neck or throat
Interviewer:  Throat okay and you might be going to the dentist to have him look at your
791:  Teeth
Interviewer:  Okay you'd say he needs to fill that
791:  Cavity
Interviewer:  Maybe get a cavity or a
791:  Front tooth
Interviewer:  Okay the flesh around the teeth is yours
791:  Gums
Interviewer:  Okay this is your the
791:  Palm
Interviewer:  Of your
791:  Hand
Interviewer:  {X} You have two
791:  Two hands
Interviewer:  Double them up you make two
791:  Two fist
Interviewer:  And you got one
791:  One fist
Interviewer:  Okay any place you can bend your finger or your hand you call
791:  Joint
Interviewer:  Okay what um what's that disease of the joints that folks
791:  Arthritis
Interviewer:  Or
791:  Rheumatism
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Yeah we have two neighbors here uh one of them's dead now the other one's living {NW} Uh {B} He was a old timer And uh Well the other neighbor's name is {B}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
791:  Lives right across the road right now
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  {B} And you'd meet Mister {B} After if he hadn't been dead bef- a couple of years You'd meet him and say well how are you this morning Mister Ed {NW} When he had this arthritis or rheumatism in his joints {NW} He said oh I've been doing fine lately said the only thing wrong with me said I got that old {B} In every joint {NW} He didn't say arthritis he'd say that old arthr- {B} Every joint {NW} These were big Big {D: leg} Mister {B}
Interviewer:  Now the upper part of the man's body is his
791:  Chest
Interviewer:  Okay say he's got broad
791:  Shoulders
Interviewer:  Shoulders okay the pain ran all went through his
791:  Toe
Interviewer:  Oh went through his le- went through his you got two
791:  F-feet
Interviewer:  One you've got one
791:  Toe
Interviewer:  Held up with what
791:  Foot
Interviewer:  Okay now you say I've stumbled in the dark and then uh
791:  Skinned my shin
Interviewer:  Skinned my shin okay when when you're doing this you say you're doing what you're
791:  Squatting
Interviewer:  Squatting down squatting down on your what you call the back part of your leg right here between your buttocks and your knee you call it what
791:  Uh
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Huh
791:  Oh your Thigh or
Interviewer:  Honkers
791:  Honker
Interviewer:  Uh honkers okay you might say you're doing what you're
791:  Squatting
Interviewer:  Squatting down you ever hear the term hunker down
791:  Hunker down
Interviewer:  Hunker down
791:  Yes
Interviewer:  What what you do that he he wanted to scare somebody he'd get over behind a
791:  Tree and hunker down
Interviewer:  Hunker down #1 {NW} #
791:  #2 {NW} # What are you wanting me to say {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay well I {NS} Uh he was he had been sick but he's up now but he still looks a bit
791:  Peaked
Interviewer:  Peaked that's the word
791:  Peaked or a little under the weather
Interviewer:  I see did uh mister uh {B} Have any other names for it you say oh he looks a little
791:  Puny
Interviewer:  Puny okay that's good that's great um yeah puny would mean he looks like you know
791:  Weak or still a little under the weather not up to par another
Interviewer:  Not up to par okay but a fellow you know you saw uh who uh you know he was big and strong you'd say he was what kind of guy he's just a
791:  Big old Well Abled body
Interviewer:  Abled body okay uh would you ever uh you say maybe he's a what kind of he's a really he's big and he's very
791:  Strong
Interviewer:  Strong robust would you
791:  Robust
Interviewer:  Robust
791:  Right
Interviewer:  Okay do you ever use the word stout speaking of
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Stout
791:  Stout Well built
Interviewer:  Okay now that word stout would you use it when you're speaking about butter that was you know getting the butter was getting a little bit
Aux:  Strong
791:  #1 Strong or #
Interviewer:  #2 Stout #
791:  Stale
Interviewer:  I see
791:  A rank
Interviewer:  Rank
791:  I don't believe you'd use stout
Interviewer:  You wouldn't
791:  I don't believe
Interviewer:  Alright that's good what other words would you have to describe people who were say people who were just had very good disposition he always had a smile on his face never lost his temper you'd say he was a mighty
791:  Good natured or
Interviewer:  Good good natured type person
791:  Easy going Type of person
Interviewer:  Alright now a kid when he gets up in his teens he's always wandering around the house knocking things he's all arms or legs you say a person like that is just
791:  He's offering his arms {NW} Clumsy
Interviewer:  He is so clumsy okay yeah that's the type of person he is now a person who kept doing things that didn't make any sense like they uh they took their clothes off and laid head in the road or something like that you'd say they were a he's a plain old
Aux:  Crazy
791:  Crazy or a nut
Interviewer:  Yeah yeah I can understand he's just a what he's a plain old would you ever say fool
791:  Yep
Interviewer:  You'd say
791:  Just a plain fool or
Interviewer:  Okay what would that word mean when you're talking about somebody who's
791:  Didn't didn't have didn't have all of his marbles
Interviewer:  {NW} Uh-huh alright um any inhibitions about that word uh or other things you might call somebody
791:  Well some people might say he's Completely ignorant or Insane or
Interviewer:  Okay alright now a person who will never spend a cent never spends a cent he's a
791:  Tight wad
Interviewer:  Tight wad okay uh what about a person who has got a lot of money but he just he always hangs onto it or never never he's got a lot of money you know he's just a
791:  Well some people might refer to him as an old money miser
Interviewer:  Money miser okay now a man who who likes to get money out of other people he's a
791:  Finagler
Interviewer:  Finagler {NW} Okay
Aux:  Chiseler
Interviewer:  Chiseler you ever heard that you ever use that
791:  Right
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Schemer
Interviewer:  Now you might say oh uh old Mister Jones down the road old Farmer Jones he's over eighty but I still see him out there in spring plowing his mule he's right he's a right what kind of a person
791:  Right spry
Interviewer:  Spry individual okay
791:  Spry
Interviewer:  Any other words you might use for it or a spry person is a is a what
791:  Able bodied
Interviewer:  He's able bodied
791:  Good good health or
Interviewer:  Would you say that at young people or just old people
791:  No you you say it with anyone who can get up and #1 Work #
Aux:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Okay so you'd say he's a spry young kid or
791:  Right
Interviewer:  Alright uh would you say he's what right spry though uh
791:  He's right spry or full of vinegar as the old saying goes why you might say it uh For an older person or a younger person they're each full of vinegar
Interviewer:  What would you use the word feisty about somebody he's a feisty
791:  Yeah feisty you'd say you could call one that couldn't be still always wanting to do something why you could use the word feisty
Interviewer:  Okay alright
791:  Heard it used
Interviewer:  The children are out a little er later than usual you might I don't suppose there's anything wrong but I can't help feeling a bit
791:  Worried
Interviewer:  Uh 'un-
791:  Uneasy
Interviewer:  Uneasy okay uh I don't want to go upstairs in the dark I'm
791:  Afraid
Interviewer:  Afraid okay now you say she isn't afraid now but she she isn't afraid now but she
791:  Used to be
Interviewer:  She used to be okay and somebody goes I can't understand uh why she's afraid she I can't understand why she's afraid she you might say she what
791:  Has no #1 Reason to be #
Interviewer:  #2 Well The opposite of used to be is #
791:  Is or
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
791:  was afraid
Interviewer:  Okay you might say I can't understand why she's afraid she what she
791:  Used Used to not be
Interviewer:  Used to not be afraid okay now if somebody lays a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked you might say he's mighty
791:  Careless
Interviewer:  Okay there's nothing wrong with old Aunt Lizzy she's a good old girl she's just a little bit what she's just kind of a you said the word contrary meant what
791:  Little contrary or
Interviewer:  Contrary okay contrary person is a what what how would you describe a person like that
791:  Well one that uh didn't want to go along or was
Aux:  Bright
791:  Wasn't too bright or just actually {NW} Wanted to be different or have their way only and not Uh go along with anyone else's idea or opinion
Interviewer:  Okay somebody uh different in a way you might not be able to understand or figure out you'd say they were just a little bit
791:  Contrary
Interviewer:  Okay it's kind of would you ever use the word queer about a person like that
791:  Right
Interviewer:  Okay you might say she's a queer person or
791:  Queer person
Interviewer:  Okay now uh does that word have a uh a different meaning or has it changed its meaning for you in different in years uh would you say what would it mean if you said uh he's a queer at that time
791:  Well it'd it'd have a different meaning now #1 this day and time #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Okay alright so well tell me describe the meaning of that word
791:  Well usually why it's uh sex People #1 Refer #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay # It meant these days it means a homosexual
791:  Right right
Interviewer:  Alright now uh a man who's very sure of his ways and never wants to change you'd call him what you'd say he's a what kind of person
791:  Stubborn
Interviewer:  Stubborn hard headed
791:  Hard headed Bull headed
Interviewer:  Okay and then if you couldn't joke with him real easy without even losing his temper
791:  you if you could
Interviewer:  You could not
791:  Oh could not
Interviewer:  He's awful
791:  Hot headed or
Interviewer:  Hot headed
791:  #1 Ill ill-tempered or #
Interviewer:  #2 he's mighty # Okay he's a mighty what kind of person he's a he's awfully
791:  Disagreeable or
Interviewer:  Okay touchy or
791:  Touches
Interviewer:  Touches
791:  Right Touchy
Interviewer:  Okay short patience or fretful um I was just kidding I didn't know he'd get so
791:  Angry or mad
Interviewer:  Okay if somebody's about to lose his temper you might say you tell him just just
791:  Just a minute
Interviewer:  Okay just now just
791:  Hold hold on
Interviewer:  What
791:  Keep quiet
Interviewer:  Keep calm what
791:  Keep calm
Interviewer:  Keep calm okay when would you use that when would you use that like you might say just keep calm and we'll
791:  Iron this thing out or
Interviewer:  Alright okay
791:  Have a better understanding
Interviewer:  Now you've been working hard you come home and you say oh I'm just
791:  Exhausted
Interviewer:  Exhausted okay I'm anywhere you know
791:  Wore out
Interviewer:  Wore out okay honey I've been plowing all day I am
791:  Give out
Interviewer:  Give out okay completely pooped
791:  You're right
Interviewer:  Pooped okay now if a person has gotten well I mean a person has been well then all of a sudden you heard the other night uh well you say well I saw her the other day she looked fine last night she must have {D: in her stead the} She looked fine the other say uh but I hear she
791:  Passed away last night
Interviewer:  Well
791:  Or just
Interviewer:  She what did she
Aux:  Died? {NW}
791:  Taken sick or taken ill
Interviewer:  Okay you say she last night she
791:  Came down Sick
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay took sick she said took sick okay
Aux:  Relapsed {NW}
Interviewer:  Now if a person got overheated and chilled uh and his eyes and nose started running you'd say he
791:  Taken a cold
Interviewer:  Okay taken a cold uh If it affected his voice
791:  Then then he's got uh Laryngitis
Interviewer:  Okay he's what he's
791:  Hoarse
Interviewer:  Alright {NW} He might give you a
791:  Cough
Interviewer:  Okay oh look how bad I'm feeling
791:  Yawn
Interviewer:  I'm feeling a little
791:  Sleepy
Interviewer:  Sleepy okay I'll go to bed now at about six o clock I'll about six o clock I'll
791:  Go to sleep
Interviewer:  What I'll I'll go to sleep then by six o clock I'll
791:  Wake up
Interviewer:  Wake up okay you might say uh we got to go to that party though man's still sleeping better go
791:  Wake him up
Interviewer:  Wake him up okay if a patient is still by the patient uh the medicine is still by the patient's bed side you might say come in and say why haven't you
791:  Taken your medicine
Interviewer:  Okay and he says well yesterday I
791:  I took it
Interviewer:  And tomorrow I'll
791:  Take it again
Interviewer:  Take some more now somebody who can't hear you say he's
791:  Deaf or hard of hearing
Interviewer:  Alright
791:  He can't hear at all he's deaf
Interviewer:  Uh you've been working hard you take your wet shirt off and say look how I've
791:  Sweated
Aux:  {X}
791:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay uh look how much I have
791:  Sweated
Interviewer:  Okay we were talking about the rising the other the rising what is it you the stuff you gather the rising you know that opens up
791:  Corruption or well a lot of people call it pus it's a drainage Caused from infection
Interviewer:  I see and your your hand uh you might say if you got a bad infection your hand my hand
791:  Swollen or infected
Interviewer:  Okay your hand say what my hand
791:  Throbs or it
Aux:  {NW}
Interviewer:  It swole what
791:  Swells
Interviewer:  Swells up okay and uh the water in if you get some in a blister you call that the what the stuff that
791:  Water
Interviewer:  Man I got one on my foot I went out running last night without any shoes on I got a couple on my feet that you know I could hardly walk on them last night
Aux:  Put a band-aid on it
Interviewer:  Huh
Aux:  Said put a band-aid #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 I got tape all over my feet if uh you know we were a bullet goes through your arm you say you have a #
791:  Bullet wound
Interviewer:  Wound okay uh what do you call a kind of skin that's rough that will grow in the in the flesh
791:  Proud flesh
Interviewer:  how's that {X}
Aux:  My
791:  Hmm
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  Proud flesh
Interviewer:  I see you had to burn that out
791:  Proud flesh
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  Burned out the {X}
Aux:  Having to burn it
Interviewer:  Any other uh what other sort of things did y'all have to worry about when you were young around here any other sort of diseases or
791:  Well you had whooping whooping cough and diphtheria back in those Days before we started vaccinating against it I I lost a baby brother with it Diphtheria
Interviewer:  I'm sorry to hear that uh did you get that did you get malaria here
Aux:  Not over here
791:  Not not that I remember You'd have uh Was it yellow fever back in them days What was it? They had #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 What was that disease that made you turn yellow #
Aux:  Oh that that was hepatitis they don't got it
791:  Yeah was it was it yellow jaundice
Aux:  #1 Yellow jaundice that's the same as hepatitis #
791:  #2 {X} # Same as hepatitis now we call it hepatitis
Interviewer:  Is that a fancy name
791:  Fancy name
Interviewer:  What about that you know you get a pain
791:  On the sides
Interviewer:  Yeah did did folks have another name for it before they knew what it was
791:  Appendicitis is all ever since I was a child growing up
Aux:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Some people used to die from it so
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Before they knew what it was and I'd call it cramp {X} or something
791:  Right
Aux:  Yeah Lot of the children died {X}
Interviewer:  Now something you get for malaria was
Aux:  Quinine
791:  Quinine
Interviewer:  Quinine
791:  You get quinine to control it
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay and if you got a little cut on you might do what you might put some a brown liquid on there
791:  Iodine
Interviewer:  Okay
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Alright uh now uh if a man was shot and he didn't recover you'd say he he what he
791:  He died passed away
Interviewer:  Passed away or died um now if you want a humorous way of saying that you might say well I'm glad that old skin bent skin bent finally finally uh some way of saying
791:  Played played out or passed on
Interviewer:  Passed on okay played out kicked the
791:  Kicked the bucket
Interviewer:  He's been dead but nobody's yet figured out what the
791:  What he died with or
Interviewer:  Okay now the place they laid him away in the
791:  Morgue
Aux:  Grave
791:  And grave
Interviewer:  Okay call that the what
791:  Cemetery
Interviewer:  Cemetery okay any different types or different names you have for something like that
791:  Graveyard or cemetery
Interviewer:  Okay alright um well you uh what's an example of {X} Or a private one or something like that
791:  Well they used to they did have private cemeteries on on The home side or the {NW} Home place
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
791:  But no more
Interviewer:  Okay around the church or or uh
791:  Or a private owned certainly #1 Someone that's built a cemetery #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
791:  #1 {X} #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
791:  Or Around a church
Interviewer:  Do you say uh he's an important man everybody turned out for his
791:  Funeral
Interviewer:  Okay now people dressed in black you say they're
791:  Mourners
Interviewer:  Mourners they're in they're
791:  Sympathy
Interviewer:  They're in in mourning woman's in a she lost control over stuff you might say she was you'd say they were
791:  Hysterical or
Interviewer:  Taking them on to get
791:  Taken on
Interviewer:  Okay if somebody saw you on the street on a day when you were just feeling about average and they asked you uh they might ask you how are you feeling you'd say oh
791:  Fine
Interviewer:  Okay
Aux:  {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  I'm doing
791:  Doing good
Interviewer:  Good I'm doing good
791:  Doing alright
Interviewer:  Well you know you just feel about average that day you might say oh
791:  Think I'll make it
Interviewer:  Okay I'm doing uh I'm doing pretty tolerable
791:  Pretty tolerable or
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Pretty lively
Interviewer:  Okay now somebody's troubled you might say oh it'll come out alright just don't
791:  Don't worry
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Come out in the wash
Interviewer:  Alright somebody ate something that didn't agree with them they #1 They'd #
791:  #2 vomit # {X}
Interviewer:  Vomit it up any other words uh
Aux:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Say he {NW} What he he really drank too much liquor he had to go out back and
791:  Puke it out
Interviewer:  Puke it up okay any other words uh that you'd use maybe you know for eating something that {X} You couldn't stomach or something like that or uh maybe ate a hot pepper that got to you
791:  I didn't vomit through that
Interviewer:  #1 Okay had to had to go with #
791:  #2 Throw up #
Interviewer:  Throw up which is the which was the you know the more polite word
791:  Vomited or throw up
Interviewer:  Okay you wouldn't use puke
791:  No
Interviewer:  Somebody who did that you say they were sick
791:  Sick to stomach
Interviewer:  Okay now if you invite somebody to come over and see you this evening uh and you want to tell them that you'd be disappointed if they didn't come you might say now now
791:  I'm going to look for you and you better not let me down or
Interviewer:  Okay if you don't come I
791:  Be angry or
Interviewer:  I I well would you say I shall be disappointed or
791:  Yeah I
Interviewer:  I will be
791:  I will be disappointed
Interviewer:  I will be disappointed if you don't come and any time you can come over we'll be
791:  We'd be at home or be there
Interviewer:  We'll be what to see you we will be
791:  Waiting To see you
Interviewer:  Okay and speaking of of you know that uh you would enjoy seeing them you you say we will be
791:  #1 Glad to have you #
Interviewer:  #2 Glad to see you anytime you want to come by would you ever use the word uh proud #
791:  Oh yeah I I believe most people would say well I'm proud to get to see you again or glad to get to see you again
Interviewer:  Okay alright um now if a if a boy is spending a lot of time over at a girl's house you'd say he's doing what with her he's
791:  Courting her
Interviewer:  Courting her okay any old time terms that folks used to use
791:  Yeah sparking
Interviewer:  Okay you he was sparking her uh he's mighty what he's mighty
791:  Mighty proud fond of her or
Interviewer:  Okay now he uh she called him her
791:  Sweetheart
Interviewer:  Sweetheart any other names or funny names oh he's my oh he's my
791:  Honey pie
Interviewer:  Honey pie okay
791:  Sugar lump
Interviewer:  Sugar lump
791:  {NW}
Aux:  {NW}
Interviewer:  My fellow
791:  Yeah or something
Aux:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and he would call her his
791:  Honey
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay
Aux:  Girlfriend
Interviewer:  Now a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother says you've been
791:  Smooching
Interviewer:  You've been smooching okay you've been out smooching {X} If a girl didn't want to marry a boy you say she did what she
791:  Broke broke the engagement
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
791:  Turned him down
Interviewer:  Turned him down oh he hadn't he hadn't been the same since old uh Mary down the block she
791:  Refused to marry him
Interviewer:  Alright she what she
791:  #1 Broke up with him #
Interviewer:  #2 Broke up with him # okay jilted him {NW} But uh they went ahead getting they got what did it finally they got a
791:  Got married
Interviewer:  Okay any any funny ways of saying that or
791:  Hooked up
Interviewer:  #1 Hooked up #
Aux:  #2 hitched #
791:  Hitched
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Tied together
Interviewer:  Uh-huh at a wedding the man who stands with the groom is the
791:  Uh Best man
Interviewer:  Okay and uh other names or old fashioned names for that
791:  Not that I
Interviewer:  Okay and the the girl who stands with the bride is the
791:  Bridesmaid
Interviewer:  Okay now did you remember that uh that thing you know maybe uh I don't know whether they did it with y'all or not but uh they they used to gather around a house maybe after a bride and groom were married and they they had the house of the wed couple and they'd shoot off their guns and that sort of thing
Aux:  Shivaree
791:  Yeah shivaree
Interviewer:  I see can you tell me about that what happened
791:  Well they usually well they'd uh {NW} Take a bunch of old tin cans or something and tie them on a string and tie them to the car Uh Shoot guns or firecrackers Shoot maybe ride the man on the pole {NW} And then run them out of town or run them down the road trying to catch them and of course they had to leave the country
Interviewer:  I see
791:  Maybe have just married wrote on the back of the car
Interviewer:  Would uh was it uh what sort of ceremony was it sometimes to maybe express displeasure for not being invited to the wedding
791:  No not necessarily it was just uh More or less Uh wishing them well
Interviewer:  I see now did they ever have one where would they have this uh at the at the
791:  Justice of the peace or a preacher's House or over at the church
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Did the church
791:  Mostly at the church {NW} A lot of them married at the justice of the peace in other words he can marry just #1 same as ordain #
Aux:  #2 {X} # {X} They'll be best friends {NW}
Interviewer:  Would uh Mister Foster would they ever have one that they did around uh you know around the the the house of the bride and groom
Aux:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  And what'd they call that was that
791:  Wait I don't know if I follow you or not
Interviewer:  Well did they ever like would they ever gather around the house late at night say and shoot off their guns and everything and make a big {X} Big noise
791:  Yeah when when if they found out about it. No a lot of them would marry secretly and be {NW} Be married or be gone before before the neighborhood find out that they were married
Interviewer:  Right right then they when they get back and start taking {X} House they'd have a what for them
791:  A house warming or
Interviewer:  Okay a shivaree or
791:  Shivaree Shower bring gifts {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright and uh did they ever have a custom where they had to bring all the people into the field uh at the shivaree after they you know after the wedding in the house
791:  Not that I remember back in the old days now they do it in churches
Aux:  {X}
791:  Further back
Aux:  Would be {X}
Interviewer:  Okay now your nearest neighbor here is he lives uh where
791:  On the corner down here {B} or Jerry his son
Interviewer:  If somebody is this the last
791:  Um this is the last house
Interviewer:  #1 Last house in this row? #
791:  #2 right #
Interviewer:  I see uh how would you say folks living around here compared to you you might say do you have any neighbors over
791:  I don't have anyone north of me
Interviewer:  I see so you say something like they just live down the road there
791:  Down the road
Interviewer:  Okay now you might say there was trouble at the party and the police came and arrested
791:  The whole drove
Interviewer:  The whole drove
791:  Or the whole bu- {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay uh any other names you might use besides group or something like that
791:  Crowd
Interviewer:  Crowd okay we were talking about a dance and that sort of thing uh you'd have dances you know out in the did you have any other names for dances uh {D: for saying}
Aux:  Jigs
791:  Shindig
Interviewer:  Shindigs okay
791:  Party or Jump Joseph
Interviewer:  Jump Joseph how did that word shindig ever come around
791:  Well I think it was probably the way uh the name shindig came around was {NW} They usually had the shinny and then they Most of them would get kicked on the shins
Interviewer:  {NW}
791:  {NW} I think that was it {NW} I think that was where it arrived from
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Well four o clock is the time when school
791:  Lets out
Interviewer:  Okay and after vacation they say what time does school
791:  Begin
Interviewer:  Begin again okay if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show he
791:  Played hooky
Interviewer:  Played hooky okay uh what about college or if somebody didn't show up to college did they have a word for that would that just be
791:  I ima- I imagine it'd be skip class or whatever you
Interviewer:  Now people go you go to school to get a
791:  Education
Interviewer:  Okay and after high school you might go on to
791:  College to get your degree
Interviewer:  Okay after kindergarten you go into the
791:  Elementary
Interviewer:  Elementary you might call that the what the
Aux:  First
791:  First grade beginner
Interviewer:  Okay did folks have an older word for that might call it
791:  Grade school or grammar
Interviewer:  Primary
791:  Primary
Interviewer:  Okay you might uh now the children all sit in
791:  Class
Aux:  Desks
Interviewer:  In what in the room
791:  Seat at your desk
Interviewer:  Okay each one how many you might have thirty thirty in a room of thirty
791:  Desk
Interviewer:  Okay now a place where you check out a book in town is called a
791:  Library
Interviewer:  And you'd mail a package at the
791:  Post office
Interviewer:  Okay and you might stay overnight in a strange town in a
791:  Motel or hotel
Interviewer:  Okay you see a play at the or a movie you'd see that at a
791:  Theater
Interviewer:  Theater did you have an older name for it the let's go to the honey I'm I'm getting tired of sitting around here listening to the radio tonight let's go to the
791:  Show
Interviewer:  Okay let's go to the show you have an operation in a
791:  Hospital
Interviewer:  And who would look after you there
791:  Nurses Doctors
Interviewer:  Okay alright you'd be looked after by you'd be taken care of by
791:  Doctor
Interviewer:  And a
791:  Nurse
Interviewer:  Okay you catch a train at the
791:  Depot Train depot
Interviewer:  Okay you might call that the the rail
791:  Rail road station
Interviewer:  Alright now can you remember when you were young say in Hawthorne was there a courthouse there
791:  No no no courthouse here at Hawthorne
Interviewer:  I see you'd have to go into
791:  #1 Leesville #
Interviewer:  #2 Lee- # Okay do you remember maybe a spot around the courthouse or uh yeah spot around the courthouse maybe it was green and grassy and folks would sit around out there talk you might call that the what
791:  Most of them they usually had a bench and they called it the whittling bench Usually a bunch of old men sat around with whittles that didn't have anything else to do dip snuff and whittle
Interviewer:  Did uh did they call any other name the place
791:  Hookworm bench they call it the hookworm bench
Interviewer:  Okay any any kind of a green place around town you know with trees where they'd
791:  Park
Interviewer:  The park okay
791:  Lawn Courthouse lawn a lot of people might call it
Interviewer:  Now these kind of vehicles would run on a wire overhead electric wire maybe they ran on #1 {X} #
791:  #2 Street car #
Interviewer:  Street car
791:  Street car
Interviewer:  Okay
Aux:  {X}
791:  Never had them in Leesville Shreveport They had them in Shreveport
Interviewer:  Now you tell the bus driver the next corner is where I want to
791:  To get off
Interviewer:  That's where I want {X} Okay if you were a FBI agent you're working for the
791:  Federal government
Interviewer:  Okay now the police in a town are supposed to maintain
791:  The law And order
Interviewer:  Okay you remember that fight uh in eighteen sixty-one through eighteen sixty-five that freed the slaves uh call that the
Aux:  War between the states
791:  Uh war between the states
Interviewer:  Okay any other names
791:  Civil war
Interviewer:  Now before they had the electric chair murderers were
791:  Hanged
Interviewer:  I see you say uh a man got a rope he went out and he got a rope he went out and
791:  Hung hisself
Interviewer:  Hung his self do you remember when that happened back in those days or do you ever remember that happening here
791:  Yeah I remember whenever there was someone hanged mostly at the courthouse here in Leesville
Interviewer:  Really
Aux:  #1 Yes #
791:  #2 yeah #
Interviewer:  Did you ever see it
791:  I didn't see it
Interviewer:  Man I that would be an awful sight you know I to just to even think
791:  Well he robbed he robbed a man in a in a two horse wagon Right on the top hill here just out of Leesville what they call now there Port Hill and got fifty cent off of the man And killed him shot him {NW} Shot him with a twenty-two
Aux:  Another man killed him {X}
Interviewer:  Famous TV show it was on TV the other night some fellow did an interview with her before she died that was back during during the uh civil rights
791:  And what what was the name of
Interviewer:  {X} It was on TV the other night they showed people being hung and all sorts of terrible things that went on around here at the turn of the century uh now names of places and things like that I want that I've got the biggest city in the country is in
791:  You mean in United States?
Interviewer:  Yes
791:  New York uh
Interviewer:  Okay that state is called
791:  Washington New York
Interviewer:  No it's called New York
791:  State
Interviewer:  Uh-huh okay now Baltimore is int
791:  Maryland
Interviewer:  Alright and Richmond is the capital of
791:  Virginia
Interviewer:  Okay uh Raleigh is the capital of
791:  North Carolina or South Carolina
Interviewer:  #1 Uh North Carolina #
791:  #2 I'm confused # North Carolina
Interviewer:  Okay any other states in the south uh that you you know have been to or remember uh let's see uh um the state I'm from
791:  At-Atlanta
Interviewer:  I'm from Atlanta
791:  Georgia
Interviewer:  Okay now that big body of water down there that old New Orleans is floating in you call that
791:  Lake Pontchartrain
Interviewer:  Well yeah and below that is the
791:  Gulf Or
Interviewer:  The what the gulf of the
791:  Gulf of Mexico
Interviewer:  Okay Tallahassee is the capital of
791:  Florida
Interviewer:  And George {B} Is the governor of
791:  Alabama
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Now then you got uh Louisiana you got uh the capital of Louisiana is
791:  Baton Rouge
Interviewer:  Okay and the blue grass state is
791:  Kentucky
Interviewer:  Okay you know where they run the derby up there that town
791:  Uh Yeah I don't know if I can call that
Interviewer:  {X}
Aux:  The the um Kentucky derby
791:  No it's
Interviewer:  Kentucky had its old blank Kentucky l-
791:  Louisville
Interviewer:  Louisville
791:  Louisville
Interviewer:  Okay now the volunteer state that's the one right up the gulf here
791:  Arkansas
Interviewer:  Well you got Arkansas but then oh uh I'm sorry to the it's a little to the
791:  Mississippi
Interviewer:  Okay you got Mississippi and then up above that is
791:  Tennessee
Interviewer:  Okay uh now the lone star state is
791:  Texas
Interviewer:  And Tulsa is in
791:  Oklahoma
Interviewer:  Alright Boston is in what state
791:  {X} uh Boston, Massachusetts yeah
Interviewer:  Alright
791:  #1 About to be confused #
Interviewer:  #2 The states from Maine to Connecticut those states are called what the #
791:  Uh
Interviewer:  You know those states up on there on the coast you call them the new
791:  New Hampshire
Interviewer:  New
791:  New England
Interviewer:  New England states
791:  Right
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Been too long since I studied all that I can give you the capitals of all the states {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright uh the biggest city in Missouri is
791:  Kansas City
Interviewer:  No
791:  No wait a minute
Interviewer:  Oh that old blues song named after it Missouri uh
791:  Saint Louis
Interviewer:  Okay alright and the capital of the United States is
791:  Washington D.C.
Interviewer:  Alright uh the biggest city in Maryland we said was
791:  Delaware No Balt-
Interviewer:  Balt-
791:  Baltimore Baltimore
Interviewer:  Alright now there's an old historical sea port in South Carolina named you ever heard of charl- uh
791:  Charleston
Interviewer:  Okay and that big steel making city in Alabama up in north Alabama
791:  Birmingham
Interviewer:  Okay the city where old Al Capone used to run the rackets up there they call it the windy city up on Lake Michigan Illinois uh
791:  Chicago
Interviewer:  Okay the capital of Alabama is
791:  Uh
Interviewer:  What
Aux:  Montgomery
791:  Montgomery
Interviewer:  Okay Montgomery and uh the city by the gulf down there is m- uh old Hank Aaron is from it's where the USS Alabama is parked down there right on the gulf mo-
Aux:  Mobile, Alabama.
791:  Mobile
Interviewer:  Okay alright now there's a resort sitting in western North Carolina uh you call that you ever heard of ashe- ville
791:  Asheville
Interviewer:  Never #1 Never been there heard of it #
791:  #2 No # I Never heard of it
Interviewer:  What about some cities in Tennessee you know of?
791:  Nashville {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  Uh Nashville
Interviewer:  Then there's
791:  Memphis
Interviewer:  Alright the choo choo from
Aux:  Chattanooga
791:  Chattanooga
Interviewer:  Okay and uh over there in the uh eastern part of the state is old
791:  Knoxville
Interviewer:  Knoxville okay alright any states in Georgia you know of besides Atlanta
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Come on now you're
791:  Atlanta
Interviewer:  I'd feel offended if you didn't know where the place Georgia {X} {NW}
791:  I'm afraid I don't
Interviewer:  Okay well the one on the coast there is sav-
791:  Savannah
Interviewer:  Savannah okay and then uh the middle city you got mac- Macon
791:  Macon
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah you ever heard of that #
791:  #2 Yeah I've heard of it #
Interviewer:  Okay and there's a Fort Benning is near what town Fort Benning is in Colum- uh
791:  Col- Columbia
Interviewer:  #1 Columbus #
Aux:  #2 Georgia #
791:  Columbus, Georgia
Interviewer:  Columbia and Columbus those cities are so alike
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Now big city down here where they have Mardi Gras that's
791:  New Orleans
Interviewer:  Okay two cities on the Ohio river one of them where the rednecks play baseball uh then they won the world series last year old Pete Rose and {X} {D: Sue}
Aux:  Cincinnati
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  Cincinnati
Interviewer:  Okay Cincinnati alright um that was about enough of that for a while if if somebody asks you to go with them somewhere and you're not sure you want to you might say well I'm not sure I don't know
791:  Let me study about it Or I'll think about it
Aux:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright he says uh come on go with me down to the river here uh well uh sounds real boring you have a big long lecture down there you might say well I don't I don't know
791:  I don't believe I want to go
Interviewer:  I don't know if I want to or #1 Would you say that #
791:  #2 No right #
Interviewer:  Uh you might say uh if somebody asked you to do something you might say I don't know blank I can do that uh
791:  I don't know if I can do that
Interviewer:  Alright now if you were asked to go somewhere without your wife you might say I won't go or you were some you want somebody to go with you somewhere you might say I won't go blank he goes
Aux:  Uh-huh
791:  Unless he goes
Interviewer:  Okay when you you might say that you could help him you you you got to draw you know your your son went off playing in the woods while you were out weeding the cotton patch you might say now why did you go off in the woods blank you should have helped me
791:  You you you should have stayed here and helped me
Interviewer:  Oh I see um okay she uh okay you says you went off playing blank helping me
791:  Instead
Interviewer:  Instead of helping me okay now a man is funny and you like him you say
791:  He's comical
Interviewer:  Okay I like him I like him
791:  A lot or very much
Interviewer:  Alright and they ask you why do you like him well I like him
791:  Because he's comical or easy to get along with
Interviewer:  Alright now if two people became members of a church you say he he just well I don't know him he just
791:  Just joined
Interviewer:  The he recent-
791:  Just became a member
Interviewer:  Okay he recently joined the
791:  Church
Interviewer:  Okay in church we pray to
791:  God
Interviewer:  Okay the preacher delivers a a fine
791:  Message Or sermon
Interviewer:  Okay you might someone might say well I don't care anything about the sermon I go to hear the
791:  Singing
Interviewer:  Okay uh the organist and the choir provide beautiful
791:  Music
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Or singing
Interviewer:  Okay if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one Sunday morning you might say oh my goodness church will be over
791:  Before we get The tire changed #1 And get #
Interviewer:  #2 okay # It'll be over by the time
791:  We get there
Interviewer:  Okay now what did people sometimes tell children would happen to them if uh they didn't behave
791:  The booger man would get them
Interviewer:  The booger man yeah okay any other names uh
Aux:  The devil
791:  The devil will get you
Interviewer:  Okay the devil uh any nicknames for the devil you might
791:  Old Satan
Interviewer:  Satan okay
791:  Or the man with the pitchfork
Interviewer:  Alright now uh did you have any run ins with uh anything else you might see at night uh they were kind of white some them were
Aux:  Ghosts
791:  Ghost
Interviewer:  Ghost okay any other names for them you might have they'd always be around the stairs at night late at night
Aux:  Cemetery {X}
Interviewer:  Cemetery
791:  Oh I never did see a see a ghost {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah an old house out in the woods uh folks didn't want to go near it they'd
791:  They'd say it was haunted
Interviewer:  Haunted okay uh you might say I'll do speaking of going to that haunted house you might say I'll go if you want but I
791:  I'd rather not
Interviewer:  I'd rather not okay uh going out of the door early morning winter you might say uh better put a sweater on it's getting
791:  Chilly
Interviewer:  Okay getting how chilly it's getting
Aux:  Cold
791:  Cold or pretty airish out there
Interviewer:  Okay oh my goodness it's getting oh it's getting they might ask you how would is it outside oh it's
791:  Cold
Interviewer:  It's getting what
791:  Rough
Interviewer:  Getting raw cold
791:  Or rather cold or {D: rolicky} out there
Interviewer:  {D: Rolicky} what would {D: rolicky} mean
791:  Well that'd mean Extremely cold
Interviewer:  I see okay
Aux:  It's getting worse
Interviewer:  Now what would you say to a friend you haven't seen for some time how would you express your feelings about seeing him you might say
791:  Tickled Tickled to see you again
Interviewer:  Tickled to see you again oh my goodness it's you might say I'm I'm what I'm
791:  Proud to see you again
Interviewer:  Proud to see you again okay uh how proud I am just I oh John I'm I'm
Aux:  Really
791:  Glad to see you again
Interviewer:  Okay
Aux:  {NW}
791:  Been a long time
Interviewer:  I'm awfully proud
791:  Awfully proud
Interviewer:  #1 Awfully glad #
791:  #2 See you #
Interviewer:  See you again
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Okay a man owns five hundred acres you might say my goodness he owns a
791:  A bunch of land or
Interviewer:  A bunch of land that's a that's a what of land he owns that's a
791:  A lot of land
Interviewer:  Okay would you ever say right smart
791:  Yeah right smart of land
Interviewer:  Okay right smart of land how would you use that word right smart my goodness that's a
791:  I just I guess an old uh old saying or
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Lingo right smart
Interviewer:  You say oh boy somebody asks you about crops you say I just had a right smart of right smart of bad weather right smart of bad luck would you ever say that
791:  Yeah I've heard it said
Interviewer:  Okay if you if somebody uh wanted to express agreement you wanted to express agreement with somebody you might say instead of saying just yes you might say why what you might say you're leaving a friend you might say uh well he says well see you again you say what
791:  You come back or I'll I'll see you later
Interviewer:  Okay or you wanted to express agreement with that you'd say what certainly or what else
791:  Certainly or I'll I'll Guarantee or
Interviewer:  Okay certainly you bet #1 something you'd say #
791:  #2 You bet #
Interviewer:  You bet okay uh or sure would you say that
791:  Right
Interviewer:  Can you do that can you really do that you might say
791:  Sure Yeah
Interviewer:  Sure I
791:  I can
Interviewer:  Sure I can uh
791:  Or absolutely
Interviewer:  Or you might say I why I
791:  I know I can
Interviewer:  I can you do that I
791:  I certainly can
Interviewer:  I s- what I s-
791:  Sure can
Interviewer:  I sure can okay if somebody they don't like going somewhere you might say oh he just
791:  Hates to go
Interviewer:  Okay he just blank dreaded going he that old boy he blank dreaded that he
791:  He just Hated to go
Interviewer:  Okay purely dreaded
791:  Purely dreaded
Interviewer:  Okay it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was it was
791:  A lot of cold
Interviewer:  Okay it was a lot of
791:  Extremely cold
Interviewer:  Now you might your mother cooked you something you might tell her that's not just good mom that was mama that that pie you made was
791:  Delicious
Interviewer:  Okay it was how good it was r-
791:  Really good
Interviewer:  Real good okay real good what if you what would you say if you were you know hammering a nail and the hammer slipped of the nail and hit your finger
791:  Ouch or I hit the wrong nail
Interviewer:  Ouch okay alright any uh another explanation
Aux:  {NW}
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Damn
791:  {NW} Yeah that's usually {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay
Aux:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Something like that now something if something shocking is reported or attributed to you you might say kind of a feeling of indignation you might have why the I just can't believe that the blank of somebody saying that the
791:  The idea or
Interviewer:  The idea of somebody saying that how would you say that just you know kind of you know you'd say why the
791:  Why the idea of such a remark or the idea of that
Aux:  Very
Interviewer:  Okay alright when you meet someone what would you say to them by way of greeting them uh friend says good morning to you you might say what would you say to him in return
791:  Good morning mister so and so How are you this morning
Interviewer:  Okay he says good morning to you you might say pass him
791:  How do you do or
Interviewer:  How's that
791:  How do you do or
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  or How's things for you this morning
Interviewer:  Alright what if you were introduced to a stranger you might say
791:  Glad to meet you or Nice knowing you
Aux:  #1 Pleased to meet you #
Interviewer:  #2 okay #
791:  Pleased to meet you
Interviewer:  If somebody's leaving after a visit you might tell them well I hope you'll
Aux:  Hurry back
791:  Hurry back or
Interviewer:  Or come
791:  Come again
Interviewer:  Come again what do you say when you meet somebody about December twenty-fifth around December twenty-fifth
791:  Happy Christmas
Interviewer:  #1 Happy Christmas #
Aux:  #2 Merry Christmas #
Interviewer:  Okay or
791:  Christmas eve
Interviewer:  Christmas eve
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  That sort of thing would you ever say Christmas gift
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Or something like that
791:  Christmas eve gift
Interviewer:  Okay that was sort of a joke
791:  Right
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay now to a child you might say why hello son or me-
Aux:  Merry Christmas
791:  Merry Christmas or
Interviewer:  Merry Christmas and just six days later you might say
791:  Happy new year
Interviewer:  Okay any any way of saying something way of appreciation you might say I'm much why thank you I'm much
791:  Much obliged
Interviewer:  Okay you're not sure when you're going to have time to do something you might say oh I I'm not sure but I
Aux:  {X}
791:  Don't know if I'll have the time or
Interviewer:  Okay now uh when you were young your father might say come on son get in the wagon I've got to go into town to do some
791:  Shopping Trading
Interviewer:  Trading okay you make a purchase the store keeper took a piece of paper and made a purchase the store keeper took a piece of paper and
791:  Wrapped it up
Interviewer:  Wrapped it up when I got home with the package I
791:  Unwrapped it
Interviewer:  Okay if a store keeper sold something for two dollars and he paid two fifty for it you'd say he was selling it
791:  Below cost
Interviewer:  Below cost he was selling it at a
791:  Discount
Aux:  Loss
791:  Or a loss
Interviewer:  At a loss okay oh boy that old tractor it's a good looking tractor but I can't buy it because it just blank too much it
791:  Too Too high too much
Interviewer:  It it it blank it what it
791:  Too much money
Interviewer:  That's a nice tractor but it blank too much
791:  Cost too much
Interviewer:  On the first of the month time to pay the bill you say the bill is
791:  Due
Interviewer:  Okay you going to any clubs
791:  No
Interviewer:  You said you're going to don't you go to D F W
791:  Yeah I'm going to D F W
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  {X}
Interviewer:  Do you have to pay
791:  Dues
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  Right
Interviewer:  To that club okay now you hadn't gotten money you'd have to go to a friend trying to
791:  Borrow
Interviewer:  Borrow something okay now did you have a little water hole where folks could go can you tell me about the story about that when you were young
791:  Well they had swimming pools
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  And go to the swimming pool on prayer creek Swing across on a grapevine
Interviewer:  Yeah uh swing across
791:  Yeah Have a grapevine It would be hanging from the tree and they'd cut the grapevine find a hole of water that was {NW} Suitable to swim and find a big grape or a muscadine vine it was {NW} Up in the trees and they'd cut it They cut it off at uh just a foot or two from the ground
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
791:  And then use it to swim across the creek onto the other side
Aux:  {X}
791:  Kind of like tires and that
Interviewer:  Okay um okay now um if a boy let go you say he what
791:  Died
Interviewer:  Died
791:  Fell in
Interviewer:  He he fell in the water he died in the water okay and he what he
791:  Swim
Interviewer:  Okay did did you do that much folks do that much
791:  Good bit back years ago when everybody was young
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  I think one boy died from died in {D: bury} creek
Interviewer:  What happened
791:  He had hit a log or some object on the water and he didn't know there was a stump
Interviewer:  Did he
791:  Killed him
Interviewer:  Did he he
791:  I don't know if he broke his neck You remember
Aux:  {X}
791:  {X} Busted his skull and maybe broke his neck at the same time
Interviewer:  Did he go on the water did folks have to bring him back up
791:  Yeah they they got him out
Interviewer:  I don't think he died right then but he died a little later
Aux:  Stayed in the hospital
791:  He stayed in the hospital but he died later
Interviewer:  Oh okay somebody who went under you say oh you know he he what he
791:  Drowning
Interviewer:  Drowning okay um he wanted to get across the river so he
791:  Dived
Interviewer:  Dived in and he
791:  Swum across
Interviewer:  Swum across okay uh if a boy puts his head on the ground and kicks his feet and turns over you say he did a
791:  Somersault
Interviewer:  Somersault okay what if what if he was going off a board or something off a high cliff or something and he did that and went in the water
791:  Turned a flip
Interviewer:  Turned a flip okay {NS} That's a when you land like that
791:  Belly buster
Interviewer:  Belly buster okay
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Now uh when uh when somebody uh when you went to the store mister {B} And they gave you a they gave you something for paying the bill on time or for you know for making a purchase with them what what did folks call tat
791:  Showing appreciation
Interviewer:  Yeah you know uh the grocer might come out and say go ahead and take these plums nobody's going to buy all of them and I can't get rid of them all they're getting too ripe so uh here's a little
791:  Gift
Interviewer:  Gift for you okay folks ever did you ever hear the word lagniappe
791:  I don't believe
Interviewer:  Okay never never heard that now before a baby's able to walk he
791:  Crawl
Interviewer:  Crawls on the floor you saw something off a tree you wanted to get a closer look at it so you say I went over to the tree and
791:  Climb
Interviewer:  Climb the tree okay my goodness uh I'll tell you that holly bush that would be hard to #1 hard to #
791:  #2 find #
Interviewer:  Hard to find last year my uh one of my boys
791:  Climbed it
Interviewer:  Climbed up it okay but I had never
791:  Climbed it
Interviewer:  Climbed it myself a little child would say his prayers he went over to his bed and
Aux:  Kneeled
791:  Kneel
Interviewer:  Kneel down okay uh I I'm feeling a little tired I think I'll go over to the couch and I'll go over to the couch and
791:  Lie down a while
Interviewer:  Lie down okay all morning he was sick all morning he just somebody who got sick you'd say oh boy all morning he just
791:  Dragged around
Interviewer:  Okay he he couldn't even get up all morning he just
Aux:  {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah well that's a that's a darn good idea of having a bus because we never had anything like that in fact I'm sure the university of Georgia doesn't have anything like that when did that start can you remember
Aux:  It was a long
791:  It's it's been
Aux:  About ten to fifteen
791:  About ten to twelve years ago That I I know it's been running ten eleven years I've been driving a bus eleven years and it was running then
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm a good idea uh well you say all morning he was sick couldn't get up he just
791:  Lay around
Interviewer:  Lay around okay talk about something you saw in your sleep you might say often when I go to sleep I
791:  Dream
Interviewer:  Dream but when I wake up I can't remember what I
791:  Dreamed
Interviewer:  Dreamed okay you might say I dreamed I was I was flying then all of a sudden I started falling and then I
791:  Woke up
Interviewer:  I woke up now if you bring your foot down real hard on the floor like this you'd say you're
791:  Stomp the floor
Interviewer:  Stomping on the floor okay if a man meets a girl at a at a place or something like that he says he says I don't want you to have to get home all by yourself uh can I or may I
791:  Escort you home
Interviewer:  Okay or
Aux:  Carry
791:  Carry you home
Interviewer:  Okay uh carry you home well that uh you might say what if they were in a vehicle or just walking may I
791:  eh Uh Walk home with you
Interviewer:  Okay or
791:  Drive you home
Interviewer:  When you say carry you home what would you mean
791:  Well that would mean equal whether you was walking or riding
Interviewer:  I see okay alright to get a boat up on land you'd tie a rope to it and
791:  Drag
Interviewer:  You'd say you
791:  Pull
Interviewer:  Pull a boat up and then to get it back in the water you got to
791:  Push it
Interviewer:  Push it out what would you say oh boy this suitcase sure is heavy I have you'd say well I if you carried it a long you might say oh my goodness I sure have what this suitcase
791:  Carried it
Interviewer:  Carried it any other words
791:  Lugged it
Interviewer:  Lugged it okay uh now a child came in the kitchen and the stove is one you'd say now that stove is hot so
791:  Don't touch it
Interviewer:  Okay don't you what
791:  Don't you get around it
Interviewer:  Don't you touch it would you say that
791:  Right
Interviewer:  Alright um if you if you needed a hammer you'd say to me run
791:  Run and bring me a hammer
Interviewer:  Run and bring me a hammer okay or run
Aux:  Get it
Interviewer:  Go see if you can
791:  #1 Find me a hammer #
Interviewer:  #2 Find me a hammer okay or or fetch would you ever #
Aux:  Oh
Interviewer:  Son
791:  Used to they'd say fetch me a hammer
Interviewer:  Yeah fetch me a hammer uh now um what sort of games you know like you'd have did you ever tell me about playing hide and seek
791:  No I don't believe
Interviewer:  Did you ever play that game
791:  Yeah played hide and seek
Interviewer:  What
791:  {D: Hotch-scotch}
Aux:  Hopscotch
791:  Hopscotch
Interviewer:  #1 Okay see It's been so long since you played you forget #
791:  #2 marbles # Forget the name of it
Aux:  Jump the rope
791:  Jump the rope
Interviewer:  What about hide and seek uh you had a place where if you made it back to before the guy was it
Aux:  You got to be it
791:  Well you got to be it
Interviewer:  What's the what was the story behind that
791:  Do you remember the way it went? it's been too long ago for me
Interviewer:  What'd you call that place that you could get back to
Aux:  Home go back home
Interviewer:  It was the what the you could touch it and you were safe
Aux:  Base
791:  Base home base
Interviewer:  Base okay now you throw a ball and you ask somebody to
Aux:  Catch
791:  Catch it
Interviewer:  Catch it okay I threw the ball and he
791:  Caught it
Interviewer:  Caught it okay let's meet in town if I get there first I'll
791:  Wait for you
Interviewer:  I'll wait for you okay if you're about to punish your child he might say please daddy don't hit me just give me another
791:  Chance
Interviewer:  Alright just give me one
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  One more don't give me a licking just give me one more
791:  One more chance
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  If a man's in a very good mood you'd say he's in a good
791:  Mood or
Interviewer:  Okay he seems to be in a good old uh there's farmer Jones today he's all smiling he seems to be in a good
791:  Good mood
Aux:  Humor
791:  Good humor
Interviewer:  Good humor okay what would you say if uh if you had somebody on the farm working you'd say he's just a lazy old fellow I just I want to what I want to get that old pesky salesman he's always coming around I just want to get
791:  Rid of him
Interviewer:  Get rid of him any other words uh
791:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay I just I want to get
791:  Rid of him
Interviewer:  Okay would you ever say get shed of that
791:  Yeah
Aux:  Get shed of that
791:  Get shed of him
Interviewer:  Get shed of him okay now he didn't know what was going on but he what he he tried to oh that old fellow he doesn't know what's going on he just he just tried to somebody somebody might say somebody doesn't know what's going on they're just blank he just blank like he knew it all he he was just
791:  Just thinks he knows it all
Interviewer:  Okay or he didn't he what he he didn't know what was happening he was just kind of what
791:  I don't know
Interviewer:  If somebody uh if somebody was in a situation that that they uh didn't know everything about it you might say he was doing what
791:  Nosing around or
Interviewer:  Um
791:  Or ignorant of what was going on
Interviewer:  I see he was ignorant he didn't know what was going on but he what he
791:  Thought he did
Interviewer:  Okay well if he didn't if he didn't think he did you'd say he was doing what he was
791:  I don't know you got me there
Interviewer:  Okay uh that's kind of hard one to illustrate
791:  To illustrate
Interviewer:  Yeah you'd say uh oh he just uh he didn't know what was going on but he blank like he blank out like
Aux:  Made
791:  Made acted like or made out like
Interviewer:  Made out like he knew it all
791:  Made out like he knew it all
Interviewer:  Alright somebody uh a boy left his best pencil on his desk and he came back and he didn't find it he'd say I bet somebody
791:  Stole my pencil
Interviewer:  Okay any other words folks would say uh dad gummit somebody done
791:  Somebody stole my took my pencil
Interviewer:  Okay took my pencil
791:  Relieved me of it
Interviewer:  Swiped it
791:  Swiped it
Interviewer:  Snitched it what if something was more expensive than that you'd say he
791:  Stole it
Interviewer:  Talking to somebody he says oh my goodness now I had forgotten about that but now I
791:  Remember
Interviewer:  Now I remember it you might say uh well you must have a better memory than I do because I sure
791:  Don't remember
Interviewer:  Okay uh
791:  I had forgotten about it
Interviewer:  Now if you were going to get a letter from somebody yesterday he
791:  Wrote me a letter
Interviewer:  Wrote me a letter and today I'm going to
791:  Answer it
Interviewer:  And answer it okay tomorrow I'll I had just
791:  Wrote him a letter
Interviewer:  Wrote him a letter okay okay you put the letter in the envelope and you take your pen and
791:  Address it
Interviewer:  Address it okay anything else you might say old people might say what back it
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Would they ever say that
791:  Say which
Interviewer:  Back the letter
Aux:  Backing it
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear that
791:  Yeah
Interviewer:  {NW} What would that mean just
Aux:  Put an address on it
791:  Put an address on it
Interviewer:  Okay okay you might say I want to write him but I don't know his can't figure out I don't can't find his
791:  Address
Interviewer:  Anywhere a child who's learned something uh uh maybe learned how to whistle and you don't know who how he learned it you might say who
791:  Who taught him that
Interviewer:  Who taught him that okay
Aux:  Say he learned it
Interviewer:  Somebody asked you if you put that new fence up you might say well no but I blank to do it pretty soon I
791:  Hope to pretty soon
Interviewer:  Okay you might say you intended or I
Aux:  Planned
791:  Planned
Interviewer:  I planned to do that pretty soon uh things in the farm just keep me so busy but the I what I blank get around to that soon I
791:  I hope to get around to it
Interviewer:  Okay say I aim
791:  #1 I aim to do it #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Aim to do that sometime uh now uh a child who was always running in the house and giving mother the news about other kids you'd say
791:  Tattle tale
Interviewer:  He's a tattle tale okay would you ever call what would you call an older person who is always calling folks on the phone and telling them about the Joneses
791:  Nosy or
Interviewer:  She's just a regular old
791:  Windjammer or {NW}
Interviewer:  She's always a her best talent is
791:  #1 Gossip #
Interviewer:  #2 being # Gossip okay would the word tattle mean the same thing as a gossip
791:  Right
Interviewer:  It would
791:  I think
Interviewer:  Would you use the word gossip about a young kid or something like that {NW}
Aux:  Tattling's usually
791:  No I guess it would be used different Tattling would be with children and gossip would be used by older
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay now if you wanted to brighten up the room for a party you might go out in the garden and what
791:  Gather flowers
Interviewer:  Gather some flowers okay you'd say you're doing what I'm just out here
791:  Picking some flowers
Interviewer:  Pickings some flowers uh something a child might play with you'd call
791:  Toy
Interviewer:  Toy that's just his toy alright if something happened that you expected or predicted or was afraid was going to happen for example a child hurting himself uh while he was playing you might say what dad gummit I
791:  I was afraid that would happen
Interviewer:  Okay I was afraid or I just
791:  Knew it was gonna happen
Interviewer:  I knew that was going to happen uh now you might say I'm glad I picked my umbrella up because I hadn't gone half a block when it
791:  Started raining
Interviewer:  Okay uh you you got the show you might say what time does the show
791:  End Or get out
Interviewer:  Okay or what time does the show
791:  Over
Interviewer:  Uh starts with a b a word
791:  Begin
Interviewer:  Begin okay the usher might say well about ten or fifteen minutes ago it
791:  Started
Interviewer:  It
791:  Or begun
Interviewer:  It begun about ten or fifteen minutes ago horses gallop but people
791:  #1 Trot #
Aux:  #2 trot #
Interviewer:  Trot or people
Aux:  Walk
Interviewer:  You might say why are you out of breath why I was feeling so happy I
791:  Ran
Interviewer:  Ran all the way home alright this week I have blank a mile every day I have
791:  Ran a mile
Interviewer:  Ran a mile every day now uh you'd say I blank her outside a few minutes ago I somebody asks you where is uh where is old where's Mary you might say oh I
791:  Saw her outside
Interviewer:  Saw her outside a minute ago if somebody's leaving your house you might say we hope to
791:  #1 See you again #
Interviewer:  #2 See you again soon because this year we blank so little of you we've #
791:  Saw such
Interviewer:  Saw so little of you you can't get through there the the highway {X} Got their machines and the road's all
791:  Torn up
Interviewer:  Torn up okay if you have a bracelet to your watch you might say why don't you
791:  Wear it
Interviewer:  Okay just
791:  Put it on
Interviewer:  Put it on okay I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever
791:  Since
Interviewer:  Ever since somebody asks you uh why how long have you lived here you might say why I've
791:  All of my life
Interviewer:  Okay {X} I
Aux:  Forty
Interviewer:  How long
791:  Always lived
Interviewer:  Always lived here okay I've never heard of blank what I asked where it is I have never heard of
791:  Such a thing
Interviewer:  Such a thing okay somebody you might be sitting with a friend say uh he asks you what'd you say and he says you might say well I didn't say
791:  Anything
Interviewer:  I didn't say anything okay I didn't say uh you might say shake your head {X}
791:  Say nothing
Interviewer:  Nothing okay then he said oh but I thought you said
791:  Something
Interviewer:  Something okay now uh somebody says uh somebody comes up to you with a question you might say I don't know you better
791:  Better ask someone else
Interviewer:  Ask someone else so you go and you go to him
Aux:  Ask him
791:  Ask him
Interviewer:  Ask him and he says why you blank me that several times you
Aux:  Ask
791:  Asked me several times
Interviewer:  Asked me several times today now those two boys they're so quarrelsome every time they meet they
791:  Fight
Interviewer:  They fight those boys sure do like to fight they've
791:  #1 Fought ever since #
Interviewer:  #2 Fought ever since they were kids okay now young boy down the road got mad at his wife and he took a big knife and h #
791:  Stabbed her
Interviewer:  Stabbed her with it he stabbed her and then he
791:  Stabbed her again
Interviewer:  Well after you stab somebody you do what I'm not you know this isn't personal experience but you stab somebody and then you
Aux:  Draw it back
791:  Draw it back
Interviewer:  Draw it back okay there's a funny picture on the black board the teacher might ask who
791:  Drew that
Interviewer:  Who drew that if you were going to lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you'd use some pulley blocks and rope to
791:  Pull it up with
Interviewer:  Okay you say
791:  Hoist it up
Interviewer:  Hoist it up okay all the way to twenty for me
791:  To twenty
Interviewer:  Yeah
791:  One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine ten Eleven twelve Thirteen Fourteen fifteen sixteen Seventeen Eighteen nineteen twenty
Interviewer:  Okay the number after twenty-six is
791:  Twenty-seven
Interviewer:  And the number after three times ten is
791:  Thirty
Interviewer:  Four times ten is
791:  Forty
Interviewer:  Okay seven times ten is
791:  Seventy
Interviewer:  Ten times ten is
791:  Hundred
Interviewer:  Ten times a hundred is
791:  Thousand
Interviewer:  Ten times a hundred thousand is
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Ten times a hundred thousand is
791:  A million
Interviewer:  Okay now if there's a line of men standing somewhere you say the man at the head of the line is the
791:  First
Interviewer:  First man then the man after him is the
791:  Second man
Interviewer:  And then comes the
791:  Last
Interviewer:  The
791:  Or the third
Interviewer:  Third man and then after the third man is the
791:  Fourth
Interviewer:  And then comes the
791:  Fifth
Interviewer:  And then comes the
791:  Sixth
Interviewer:  And then comes
791:  Seventh
Interviewer:  And after the seventh man comes the
791:  Eighth
Interviewer:  And then comes the
791:  Ninth
Interviewer:  And finally comes the
791:  Tenth
Interviewer:  The tenth man okay now sometimes you feel your good luck comes just a little at a time but your bad luck comes
791:  In droves
Interviewer:  In droves
Aux:  In bunch
791:  Or bunches like grapes
Interviewer:  Yeah oh my goodness my bad luck just comes my good luck comes just a little at a time but my bad luck comes all
791:  At once
Interviewer:  All at once okay now last year we got twenty bushels of corn through the acre but this year we're going to try and get forty so you say this year's crop is
791:  Better than last year's crop
Interviewer:  How much better it's
791:  Twice too good
Interviewer:  Twice as good okay alright name the months of the year for me slowly
791:  January February March April May June and July August September October November December
Interviewer:  Okay and the days of the week
791:  Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Interviewer:  Okay you say honor the what to keep it holy the honor
791:  The Sabbath
Interviewer:  Okay uh when you meet somebody about eleven o clock in the day time how would you greet them
791:  Good morning
Interviewer:  Good morning okay until what time would you
791:  till twelve noon
Interviewer:  Okay twelve noon and then you'd say what
791:  Good evening or good afternoon
Interviewer:  Okay that's the afternoon from when
791:  From twelve-oh-one or from twelve o'clock
Interviewer:  Okay uh what would you say whenever you leave people uh in this time of day would you ever say good day to them
791:  Good day
Interviewer:  Okay uh now the part of the day after supper before you go to bed what's that
791:  Evening
Interviewer:  Evening okay
791:  Or even night after dark
Interviewer:  Okay if you didn't do something during the daytime you'd say I did it during
791:  During the night
Interviewer:  During the night okay what would you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving someone's house at night
791:  Good night
Interviewer:  Good night okay on the farm you start work before daylight you'd say we started to work before
791:  Before dawn or before day break
Interviewer:  Okay we we got #1 before sun #
791:  #2 Before day light # Before sun up
Interviewer:  Okay and we worked until
791:  Dark
Interviewer:  Until sun
791:  till sundown
Interviewer:  Okay you might say uh we were a little late this morning when we got out when we started out in the field the sun had already
791:  Got up
Interviewer:  Okay the sun had already
Aux:  #1 Risen rose #
791:  #2 rise #
Interviewer:  Sun had already
Aux:  Rose
791:  Rose
Interviewer:  The sun had already would you say risen
791:  Rise
Interviewer:  Okay the sun had already risen uh today is Friday so Thursday was
791:  Yesterday
Interviewer:  Okay and Saturday will be
791:  Tomorrow
Interviewer:  Okay if somebody came on Sunday the last Sunday you'd say he came a week when what if somebody came to visit you Sunday
791:  Last Sunday
Interviewer:  Okay you'd say last Sunday what about the Sunday before that you'd say he came
791:  Sunday was a week ago
Interviewer:  Alright how long's uh been at your house you might say oh you've been he came Sunday
Aux:  Before
791:  Sunday before last
Interviewer:  Okay would you ever say Sunday past or
791:  Sunday past
Interviewer:  Okay and if somebody was going to stay say until he was going to leave next Sunday you'd say he'll be here until
791:  This coming Sunday
Interviewer:  Okay or the Sunday after that would be
791:  Sunday week
Interviewer:  Sunday week okay great um if somebody came to your house and stayed from about the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about
791:  About two weeks or half of a month
Interviewer:  Half a month what is that would you say that's a
791:  Roughly fourteen fifteen days
Interviewer:  Okay did you ever hear the word fortnight used Mister Foster
791:  I don't believe
Interviewer:  Okay uh if you wanted to know the time of day you might ask somebody say uh
791:  What time do you have
Interviewer:  What time do you have okay and he would pull out his look at his
791:  Watch
Interviewer:  Watch okay and if it was midway between seven and eight you'd say it's
791:  Half past seven
Interviewer:  Half past or uh if it if it was about fifteen minutes later you'd say it's what
791:  Quarter till
Interviewer:  Quarter till or what if it was uh ten fifteen you'd say it's
791:  it'd be fifteen after
Interviewer:  Okay a quarter
791:  Quarter after
Interviewer:  Now you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite
791:  Quite a while or quite a spell
Interviewer:  Quite a spell the farmer had a pretty good crop last year but they're not going to get such a good crop
791:  This year
Interviewer:  This year uh if something happened uh about this time last year you'd say it happened
791:  About a year ago now
Interviewer:  Okay okay now you look up in the sky and you see a bunch of say I don't like the looks of those
791:  Clouds
Interviewer:  Okay on a day when the sun's shining there are no clouds out in the sky you say that's a what kind of day
791:  Fair or clear
Interviewer:  Clear day okay did uh an opposite kind of day would be a
791:  Dreary
Interviewer:  Dreary day okay it's just a dreary kind of day
791:  Cloudy overcast
Interviewer:  Uh if if rain was expected you'd say the weather's doing what
Aux:  Coming
791:  Changing or
Interviewer:  Changing okay alright you might say I think the I think the
791:  Rain's coming
Interviewer:  Rain's coming uh weather's fixing to um be fair and the clouds come and okay say the weather's changing
791:  Change
Interviewer:  Alright but if it's a bit cloudy and the clouds pull away and the sun begins to shine you say I think the weather's
791:  Breaking off
Interviewer:  Breaking off
791:  Clearing up
Interviewer:  Clearing up now what about other types of things you'd have here you might say you got a just uh
791:  Downpour
Interviewer:  A downpour
791:  Or a cloud burst
Interviewer:  Cloud burst any other names for what if you had what if something was rained for just a short time then it stopped
791:  Well you might say the bottom fell out
Interviewer:  Bottom fell out uh
791:  Downpour
Interviewer:  Alright and if it was a steady kind of light
791:  Drizzle
Interviewer:  Drizzle okay anything between a cloud burst and a drizzle
791:  Well slow rain
Interviewer:  Okay something lighter than a drizzle you might say that's just a weak oh it didn't rain long just had a little
791:  Sprinkle
Interviewer:  Sprinkle okay now if the wind is coming from that direction you say
791:  It's coming out of the south
Interviewer:  Okay the wind's okay you say {X} Say the wind's
791:  Out of the west
Interviewer:  Okay halfway between the east and the north is a
791:  North north east
Interviewer:  Okay alright would you ever say uh you had uh a northern or a something like that
791:  #1 Rain #
Interviewer:  #2 What would a northern be #
791:  it'd be when the wind when it ch- weather change and the wind comes out of the north or The rains
Interviewer:  Okay now what do you call a heavy white kind of mist that comes off the river
791:  Fog
Interviewer:  A fog my goodness it sure is
791:  Heavy fog
Interviewer:  It's awful
791:  Thick
Aux:  Foggy
791:  Foggy
Interviewer:  Foggy okay when no rain comes for weeks and weeks you say we had
791:  Drought or dry spell
Interviewer:  Okay now the wind has been very gentle and it's gradually getting stronger you say it's beginning to what it's
791:  Pick up
Interviewer:  Okay the wind is
791:  Blowing harder
Interviewer:  Okay and if it's just doing the opposite it's beginning to
791:  Lull down or quieting down
Interviewer:  Okay alright and if it got cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you might say last night we had a you'd say you have what
791:  Freeze or Frost
Interviewer:  Freeze okay um it got so cold last night the lake
791:  Froze over
Interviewer:  Froze over uh if it gets any colder the pond might
791:  #1 Freeze #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Pond might freeze okay alright um now if you and another man have to do a job you when you told him about it you say you and #
791:  You and I
Interviewer:  You and I have got to do that job uh the job that job is for not one man can do that job that job's for
791:  For two
Interviewer:  Okay
791:  Or it'll take two to do that job
Interviewer:  Okay that job's for
791:  Both of us
Interviewer:  Both of us okay if some friends of yours and you were coming over to see me you might say blank and blank are coming over to see
791:  We are We are coming or
Interviewer:  Okay you might say him and
791:  Him and myself
Interviewer:  Him and myself are coming over to see uh there's a knock at the door and you say who's there they all know your voice you might say oh it's it's
791:  It's me
Interviewer:  It's me and uh uh somebody knocks {NW} If it's a woman she'd say uh you'd say uh it's
791:  It's
Interviewer:  It's
791:  I don't follow
Interviewer:  Okay alright now compare how tall you are you might say he's not as tall as
791:  As I am
Interviewer:  And I'm not as tall as I'm not as
791:  Tall as he is
Interviewer:  Okay compared to how well you do something you say he can do it better
791:  Than myself
Aux:  Me
Interviewer:  He can do it better
791:  Than me
Interviewer:  Than me uh if a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say two miles is the
791:  Limit
Interviewer:  The blank he could go that's the
791:  Farthest he can go
Interviewer:  Okay something belongs to me you say it's
791:  Mine
Interviewer:  Well it belongs to me it's
791:  Yours
Interviewer:  If it belongs to both of us it's
791:  Ours
Interviewer:  If it belongs to them it's
791:  Theirs
Interviewer:  If it belongs to him it's
791:  His
Interviewer:  Okay if it belongs to her it's
791:  Hers
Interviewer:  Now people who come to visit you and they're about to leave you say blank come back now
791:  You all come back
Interviewer:  You all come back now alright if somebody had well you and a bunch of friends were at a party you see them leaving you say hey where
791:  We're coming
Interviewer:  Where are blank going to where are
791:  Where are you where are y'all going
Interviewer:  Where are you all going okay and uh somebody went to a party and you asked them about the party uh you might say uh well blank was there uh blank was there at the party would you say that what would you say
791:  I don't quite
Interviewer:  You asked him about who was {X}
791:  Who all was that
Interviewer:  Who all was that
791:  Or who all was at the party
Interviewer:  Okay and asking about a speaker's remarks you might say blank did he say uh
791:  What did he say
Interviewer:  What did he say okay and if no one else will look out for him they've got to look out for
791:  Themself
Interviewer:  Themself okay uh if you're not able to do something you'd say I'd like to but I I just
791:  Can't do it or not able
Interviewer:  Okay uh okay now you might say in such a situation uh speaking of the fact that the corn seems shorter than it is than usual you might say I can't understand it this time of year it the corn
791:  Usually dry or
Interviewer:  Okay uh we had a good you know a good year in terms of weather uh the corn blank be taller uh
Aux:  Should be
791:  #1 Should be taller #
Interviewer:  #2 he should be taller at this #
791:  Time of the year
Interviewer:  Okay it isn't as tall as it
791:  Used to be or was last year
Interviewer:  Okay this one isn't as tall as it
791:  Should be
Interviewer:  Blank be is it
791:  Ought to be
Interviewer:  As it ought to be uh I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you
791:  I will
Interviewer:  Okay yeah this is kind of a toughie you might say uh now I dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you might not do that or I bet you
791:  Bet you afraid to
Interviewer:  Okay I bet you're afraid speaking of daring somebody to do something you might say I'll dare you to do it but I bet you
791:  Bet you're afraid to
Interviewer:  Okay um you might say to him uh well what would you say in a situation like that with somebody going through the graveyard somebody dare you to do something like that you'd say
791:  I double dog dare you to go
Interviewer:  Okay you'd say I double dog dare you to go through the graveyard and I bet you
791:  I bet you won't do it or won't
Interviewer:  Okay speaking of not you won't do it I say I bet you when one boy is doing the opposite of is daring another boy to do something they the opposite of that is I bet you I'll dare you and I bet you
Aux:  Will
791:  Won't
Interviewer:  Okay I'll bet you dare
791:  Dare not
Interviewer:  Dare not or would you say dare or I bet you'd have to do that {X} Never heard of that okay alright now you might say you aren't doing what you
791:  #1 Supposed #
Interviewer:  #2 Blank to do # #1 you aren't doing what you #
791:  #2 {X} #
Aux:  Ought to do
791:  Ought to do
Interviewer:  Ought to do a boy got a whipping you might say I bet he did something he
791:  Shouldn't have Done
Interviewer:  I'll bet he did something he ought what he
791:  Ought not do
Interviewer:  Ought not have done will you do it no I
791:  Won't
Interviewer:  I won't do that now if you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your friend was just standing around helping you you'd say you my goodness you
791:  You've made it or
Interviewer:  Okay I did it all by myself but you helped me you
791:  You could have helped me
Interviewer:  You could have helped me you uh you just sat over there on the porch and you dad gum you might have helped me would you say that
791:  You could have helped me
Interviewer:  Might could have helped me
791:  #1 Might could have helped me #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-kay # speaking about that uh you you'd say that somebody uh somebody asked you to do a job you'd say well I'm not sure if I I don't know whether I can whether I'm they're talking to you about doing a job you say I don't know I don't know if I can but I I will I
791:  I'll try or I
Interviewer:  Okay let me think on that a little bit I
791:  I'm not positive I can do it
Interviewer:  Yeah you what you say I might what
791:  Might try
Interviewer:  Okay I might just do it
791:  Might could do
Interviewer:  Okay well I think we're about through with the interview did you might could enjoy it
791:  {NW}
Interviewer:  I I'm sorry
791:  I've enjoyed it
Interviewer:  Well I'm sorry it ran off so long I enjoyed getting all the stories down and everything like that how many hours you got on tape five and a half
791:  Five and a half hours all together
Interviewer:  Yeah that was a good interview great interview best I've done {NS}