Interviewer: Your name? Aux: Nice she wanna know your name you gotta talk louder. hear in one ear 794: yeah I can my hearing's bad in there. Interviewer: Um, your name? Aux: yeah 794: uh George {B} Interviewer: And your address? {B} Is this part of {B} right here? This community is 794: Well uh You see I'm uh {X} I'm, I'm about six miles {B} See, six miles south of {B} Interviewer: And the name of this parish and state 794: {B} State {B} Interviewer: And where were you born? 794: I was born here in {B} Here in the state of {B} Interviewer: Right 794: Right here, yeah, right here, mm-hmm. Right here six miles south of {B}. Yeah, you might say in the Corinth community Interviewer: uh-huh That's Corinth Church? 794: uh Corinth Church uh-huh. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: And how old are you? 794: I'm uh seventy-seven. Interviewer: And your religion? 794: Baptist. Interviewer: And tell me about what you were just telling me about the kind of work you've done? 794: Well, I done farm work. I've uh worked with stock. I did cattle and hauled all kind of stock, you see. Raised stock, I raised stock. And I did some old field work {NS} And I {X} Some at El Dorado and some at uh at Pine Island Interviewer: How long did you work there? 794: Well uh {NW} I worked at uh I did work at El Dorado, but just a few days. Um I worked at uh Pine Island about thirty days. About thirty days all I worked there. Interviewer: That's near Shreveport? 794: Yeah. And uh, I done timber work. Interviewer: Where did you do the timber work? 794: Well uh, I, I did timber work all around in here, some government land and company lands. I've uh did all kind of timber work. I've made staves, I made bowls. I've cracked logs. Cracked telephone poles. And I've cracked wood. Might say all kinds of timber work. Interviewer: Here in Winn Parish? 794: Yeah here in Winn Parish. {NW} And I've done a lot of road work. I build roads, maintain roads and uh I've uh girdered timber. I've planted trees, transplanted, and all the other planters. Transplanting trees- Interviewer: What do you mean? 794: Pine trees, for the Tree Bought Lumber Company Interviewer: What do you mean you, grow, timber? 794: Yeah, Pine timber, you see, uh You see, where there wasn't any timber, land that didn't have any timber on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: You see these companies, and the government too, has planted them, you see, uh, transplanted them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh {NW} I rode a planter behind a tractor. And, uh, and transplanted trees. See we put the trees {NS} near six foot apart as we could get them. And, and about six row Six foot rows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh, I did carpenter work, I did painting. And uh, Where the company had houses built on low land water run under them. I, I dig {X} drain the water out and some of them I had to have dirt hole and put under there. All round it You know, make a slope and all for it. And I worked in {X}, all kind of {X}. Uh. Interviewer: All right here in this parish? 794: Yeah, over in this parish, yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: Just a second. Tell me um 794: And that's about That's about all the kind of work I guess that I done. Interviewer: Tell me about your education, starting with the name of the first school you went to? 794: Well, the first school that I went to was, well all the school I went to was here in Corinth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Corinth schools, yeah, all that I went to. And uh, that's the only place I went to school to and I got up to the eighth grade. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was that as far as this school went? 794: Yeah that's as far as the school went. Interviewer: Do you do much reading or? 794: I don't now. I used to but I don't now. Interviewer: What did you read? What sort of things? 794: Well uh, I, I'd read my, some my After I quit school I still read my school books some. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And I'd read papers. But uh, for the last thirty year or more than that I haven't read but very little. Very little reading that I've done. You see I work all the time and I don't have time reading {X}. It's hard when I come in Interviewer: {NW} 794: every night, why I don't feel like reading. I generally go to bed pretty early. Interviewer: Do you, what sort of work do you do now? 794: Well I don't do anything except uh Uh, uh, a little uh, a little farming, just raising truck farming a little, course I don't sell no stuff. Just uh truck farming, first sales, uh I raise corn potatoes all kind of vegetables. And uh, that's about all that I that I do now. Interviewer: Have you been able to get much done, with, this year with 794: Well, this year I haven't, it's rained so much. Tell uh, I've had to do some my work over been a hard matter to get stuff to come up here {X} go on and we've had to {NS} uh pack the second time to see some things. and uh So I've had to do a lot of the work over, do it over you see it uh had rain and stuff wouldn't come up and I'd have to replant uh plant it over and uh I set out potatoes I I raise Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, and tomatoes, onions, peas, beans and all such as that you see. All, all kinds of them. {NW} Interviewer: Have you done much traveling? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Have you done very much traveling? 794: Well, uh. When I used to work for the state I did. For a while, now, when I first went to work for the state back in thirty-five, thirty-five and thirty-six I did road work. And they transferred me in the sign department Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I did carpenter work. And then I painted. And then I uh for a while, I, I went on the road repairing signs. I went all, all over the whole uh, precinct, you see, all all over the territory, all over the district, I mean to say. Over Winn, Grant, La Salle, {D: Natchitoches and Sabine} parish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I did that for two or three years. Interviewer: How long would you be gone at one time? 794: Well, I stayed home every night, just that day you see I'd be gone the day. and uh We'd, when we'd go over in Sabine parish and repair signs but we'd come back to the highway barn you see we Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: We worked ten hours then. And we'd be back by the highway barn at uh when that ten hours is up. And I stayed home every night, I did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: Didn't stay away from home at all. And uh, I traveled more then on working than I have any other job. Except of course now I traveled right smart when I was working for the Tree Mark Lumber Company. When I was building roads uh but uh I'd work in Jackson parish, Winn parish, Natchitoches, Grant parish, and the La Salle parish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And I'd do some traveling then. But I did more traveling when I was working for the state than I did for the Company. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you been very active in church or clubs or different organizations? 794: No Ma'am. Interviewer: Were you ever in the Army or anything? 794: No. Never was in the Army. Uh, I just missed World War one, seven days. I was ready just to go, ready to go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it was over seven days before my time to go. Interviewer: Tell me about your parents, where they were born and 794: Well my father, he he uh mother they was, they was born here. And uh, he farmed. Interviewer: They were born in Winfield? 794: Yeah {X} Yeah, right here at uh Well Right at the same place I was he was course it was about a mile back over thisaway About six miles in Winnfield. And uh my mother was borned uh She was born in Winn parish too but she was borned about twelve miles south of here. Uh she was about fif- fifteen, eighteen miles Winfield, south Winfield Interviewer: What was the name of the community? 794: Well it- it was um Zion community where she was born. Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: Has the Zion church about eight or nine miles south of here. Interviewer: How much education did your parents have? 794: Well, I really don't know, uh I don't know how far, far they got I don't think though that he got over the seventh grade Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. And I don't really know how far my mother got. She didn't get to go to school much. Interviewer: What was your mother's maiden name? 794: Oh um Guin Guin, her maiden name, G-U-I-N. Guin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did both your parents farm all their lives? 794: Yeah, both farmed all their lives. Course my father, he worked in timber, That is uh did hauling, he didn't uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: do any cutting timber, and it was like that, to mount anything. He mostly did hauling, he kept teams all the time and he hauled and he farmed and he raised, raised stock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cattle and hogs, that's about all he did. Except uh, Helped building ra- uh doing dirt, dirt work and all building this railroad over here he helped do that. Interviewer: Tell me about your grandparents on your mother's side? 794: Well uh He farmed and raised stock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's all he did, just farm and raise stock. Interviewer: Where was he born? 794: Well, he, he was borned in Alabama Mobile, Alabama. Interviewer: Uh-huh. When did he come here? 794: Well I don't know what when it, what year it was he came here but he came here when my mother was um about six years old. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh Interviewer: So your mother was born in Mobile? 794: Huh? Interviewer: So your mother was born in Mobile? 794: Yeah she was borned in Mobile yeah. But she was mostly raised here you see. Interviewer: What about your grandmother on your mother's side? 794: Well uh, her name was Moore. And uh she was raised in {X} in Mobile, Alabama. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Do you know how far your grandparents got in school? 794: No I really don't. Sure don't. Not very far I don't suppose so. Interviewer: Where did your mother's people come from? What, what kind of name is, is that? 794: You mean where they came from? Interviewer: Before they, they were in Alabama, you know? 794: No, uh, no I don't. I just know that they came from Mobile, Alabama. And uh that's that's all I know about course uh their people now she had {X} um uh grandfather had some brothers Uh his folks is nearly down but I never did see them I don't know anything about them. Only I heard of um Of one of his brothers older than him uh Raz Guin and uh during the old uh I guess it's Spanish-American war. He was too old to go and you know back them days ain't no one too old to go uh the other sider was fighting you see they'd kill them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they killed him. Interviewer: Mm. 794: They they they uh staked him down. Straightened him out on his back and staked his hands down and his feet and drove on ways down the slope and killed him. And now that that's cruel sure enough. Course these last few wars you know, World Wars such as that people too old to go they didn't do 'em thataway Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But back in those days they did. Interviewer: Tell me about your grandparents on your father's side. 794: Well uh my grandfather on my father's side he farmed, raised stock, and uh he had mills. He had saw mills, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: he sawed lumber, and he had a gin. A gin cotton. And a grist mill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He ground corn, corn meal you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And he he did all of that. Interviewer: Where was he born? 794: Well uh he was borned in Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And he came to this country when he's about sixteen years old. And he stayed here the rest of his days uh oh uh He was ninety Ninety years and six months old when he passed away. Interviewer: What was his name? 794: Jim Dalby. Jim Dalby. Long. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You're kin to Huey Long. 794: Yeah. Kin sure am, according to Huey. Interviewer: Which What 794: But now Huey's grandfather and my grandfather was brothers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And so that made uh Huey and myself about third cousins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Huey and Earl George Shannon George Shannon. He was a tooth dentist. And uh he was uh He was a Representative. No he's a senator. He's a, uh senator. Uh when he passed away. And Earl he was governor And Huey was governor first and then he was uh uh He was a senator too. He just kept going on up you see. Interviewer: Did Huey's grandfather come from Cincinnati too? 794: No uh he was he was uh Yeah yeah his grandfather came from Cincinnati too. Uh they was um My grandfather his name is Jimmy Jim and uh Huey's grandfather's named John. And there was four of them and a one named Charles Long Now that was some folks along over here east of us. Doug DeMorning Course a whole bunch of them Morris and John and a whole bunch of them that way Jim Parker. Whole bunch and then the other one was named Mike. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: {NS} Mike Long {NS}. He was uh uh lived about a mile back over this way he raised a pretty good sized family too. But uh They all done passed away {NS} you know and {X} to he had one daughter she lives about uh half a mile back over here and and has one brother and one son. It uh it's in Texas. Mostly though the folks that's all all gone now. Oh um I believe I'm the uh besides uh Uncle Mike's daughter Mrs. Roxy Doris over here she's eighty- five, isn't it eighty-five. Besides her and then she has her brother he's about eighty- one or two. And I'm the next oldest Long is a living. Interviewer: Did you know Huey when you were growing up? 794: Do which? Interviewer: #1 Did you know him? # 794: #2 Hu-? # Interviewer: Did you see him very much? 794: You mean uh Huey or- or Mike? Interviewer: Huey. 794: Huey yeah yeah Huey's raised right there in Winnfield yeah I saw him when he was a boy uh he was a lawyer at first and then he was railroad commissioner. And then he was governor And he just kept building on up you know. Uh. Interviewer: Did you work with him? Did you you help him campaign or 794: No well uh I didn't him but I did Earl I helped Earl campaign. Uh, but that's the only one that I did. Interviewer: Tell me about your um, grandmother on your father's side. Where was she 794: Well uh she was borned and raised here. Uh she was a Pupils. Interviewer: In Winnfield? 794: Well uh No she was raised out here in the country here out here in the Corinth community Interviewer: She was a 794: She was a Pupils. Oh uh Eleanor Eleanor Pupils Interviewer: P-U-? 794: P-U I can't spell it myself now uh Mr. Harley Boseman Heck's brother, he he could spell it but I, I can't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: P-U-P P-U-P, P, let's see, Aux: Peoples 794: Pupils P-U Aux: Peoples, P-E-O-P-L-E-S, I think. 794: No, it's a silent letter to it. Mr. Harley Boseman he could spell it but but I I never could spell it. I don't know just how it's spelled. But now uh Now Heck, he he can tell you he he can spell it. See he's got a good education and he used to be post master here at Winnfield Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh he can spell it {NS} Interviewer: How much your education did your grandparents on your father's side have? 794: Well He didn't get my say any Um my grandfather on my father's side poor fella he couldn't even write his name. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: So after I got to logging you know I I he'd want anything signed I I'd write his name for him. He couldn't read or write but he had plenty of brains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He is a sensible man and he could do most any kind of business and you could figure he used to raise a lot of cotton it wasn't on Winnfield it wasn't here then. They carried the cotton to Eddie Sanders. And he sold it to a fellow named uh Bolder down there and Mr. Bolder and he figured up how much it'd come to and he'd tell my grandfather how much it'd came to let me get you some more water. and he'd tell my grandfather how much it'd came to {NS} and my grandfather'd say just wait just a few minutes. Grandfather's step out of the store and he'd figure it up in his head and he'd tell him just exactly what it was. {NW} Interviewer: Did your grandmother on your father's side have much education? 794: No she didn't have much education. Interviewer: Could she read and write? 794: Well she could read some but I don't think she ever did write oh she'd write a little but not very much {NS} Interviewer: Um 794: No you know back in those days sure you'd get to you didn't get to go to school much they worked all the time everybody farmed and uh so uh they kept them busy might say the year around. To keep the place up and uh And uh and uh everybody raised stock most everybody did and uh it always Course you didn't have Jersey cows then to milk you just had woods cows and with a big family maybe you'd milk six or seven head of cows Interviewer: What do you mean woods 794: Huh? Interviewer: What kind of cows? 794: Uh well just uh might say uh a common cow just woods cows Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: They didn't have Jersey cows like they do now and get {X} stood up you know and fed and give lots of milk. They'd just let the cow go in the woods and and then milk them of course now in the wintertime they'd feed them a little. But they didn't feed them dairy feed they didn't have any dairy feed then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They'd feed them cotton seed and nubbins of corn and silks hay and stuff like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Tell me about your wife, how, how old 794: Which? Interviewer: Your wife, how old is she and 794: She's uh Aux: six or {NW} 794: Seventy Aux: Six or seven. 794: Sixty-seven. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where was she born? Aux: Uh in Catahoula Parish. Yeah. 794: She can tell you more about that than I can. Interviewer: Catahoula Parish Aux: Uh-huh. Catahoula parish at Archie, Louisiana. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What was your maiden name? Aux: Uh, Smith. Interviewer: Where were your parents born? Aux: Uh, Catahoula Parish. Interviewer: You know about before that? Aux: Huh? Interviewer: You know going further back than that? Aux: No I don't know anything about my grandparents or anything Just about you know mother and daddy. And my mother died when I was four years old you see. And um, I don't, I don't remember her too well. Interviewer: How far did you get in school? Aux: Tenth Interviewer: Tenth grade? Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And you a Baptist too? Aux: Baptist, uh-huh. We go up here to Corinth church. Interviewer: Um, tell me how, what Winfield was like when you were growing up? 794: Well, it was, it was a small town. It wasn't but uh two or three stores Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh There wasn't very many people lived back then and uh it was a town that uh it that had a lot of shade trees big oak trees, shade trees around it and uh people would go up to town in wagons you know and some of them had buggies but mostly wagons and uh they'd ride their their horses up to these shade trees and tie them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: round under these shade trees and uh people would uh there weren't any cafes in town then and they'd carry their, their lunch with them and eat dinner in their wagons and buggies. Out on these shade trees there. Interviewer: Could you get just about everything you needed at Winnfield? 794: Well uh In the old days you could get most everything you need. Course it's uh They just had the grocery store they didn't have any drug store there for years and years Just drug, or drug stores and uh dry good stores and uh after so long they finally put hardware stores in there. Interviewer: If you needed something from a hardware store where would you go? Well You- you could go there at uh Winnfield they had uh they had one store there, People's hardware at the you could get most any kind of plow tools or you could get wagons and buggies harness anything like that get most any kind of plow tools you wanted. and uh saddles, bridles, saddle blankets and all such as that. Anything that you need there for horses, for the ride, or to work your wagon or to plow you {D: worn}. Mm-hmm. What was the biggest town in this area? 794: Well um at that time Alexander was the largest town and then Shreveport the next. But El Dorado Interviewer: Arkansas? 794: Yeah, Arkansas. That was the largest town. Interviewer: That's about a hundred miles from here, isn't it? 794: Yeah Uh El Dorado is um I believe it's a little better see Shreveport's a hundred miles from here El Dorado I believe is a little further, I don't know just for sure just how far it was, I suppose a hundred and twenty hundred and twenty, hundred and thirty miles something like that from Winnfield. Interviewer: Did you ever go to El Dorado? 794: Yes I, I been to El Dorado. Interviewer: Are you, when when you were small, did y'all? 794: Well no, I was grown, I went there to work. Uh. I worked a little out six miles south of El Dorado. Out at a place they call Crossroads. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I worked at a drilling rig, out there, and then uh then I worked at Pine Island, I helped build rigs, set up rigs. And then I worked at uh the drilling rigs part of the time. And then I worked at Northland that's way this side of El Dorado. I worked at Northland But I did carpenter work there. I built ballast stations. Interviewer: Where's Northland? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Where is Northland? 794: Northland well that's uh That's this side of El Dorado I suppose I don't know just exactly how far but I suppose Interviewer: What parish? 794: I really don't know. No I don't know what the parish that's in. Uh. I suppose it's about sixty miles south of El Dorado. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course I've been to several of the towns north but I didn't work to {X}. I went to Northland, Smackovern Louanne, Pielum Pine, well I worked at Pine Island that was out far as you can get up Lynnsburg Hunting work, you know, Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: in all them places but You know the oil fields, right between the oil fields you work at was at uh at uh Crossroads out six miles south of Alexander and then at at the Pine Bloom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever have anyone trace your ancestry back? 794: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Going back # 794: No. Interviewer: You know where before the Longs were in Cincinnati, do you know where they came from? 794: The Longs, you mean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well uh uh Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Is where the the Longs came from, my grandfather and all of them. And as far as I know that's where all the Longs were was raised there you know. That is their native home. Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Did y'all move around much when you were small? 794: Do which? Interviewer: How many houses have you lived in? Did you move much? 794: Oh, I've only lived in this house here myself, just since I married. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah just in this one. Interviewer: What about before you married? 794: Well I lived uh on this hill down here uh It's been two houses burnt there It was a large, larger house than this is, a plank house it um, it burned and uh way back yonder people didn't have any insurance on houses at all and my father lost everything thataway. And he build back I was eleven years old then. And then back the year of uh fifty-six when he build back there another house burnt there. Interviewer: Mm. 794: And uh he rebuild and he was living there when he when he passed away. My mother passed away there. Interviewer: Describe the house that you grew up in? I mean, how many rooms did it have and? 794: Well uh, this house had uh it had six rooms to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Had uh four bedrooms and a kitchen and a dining room. It's made with a hall like this and uh and well it had a porch all around it and it had uh, a L running out to it, shape of L, for a kitchen and dining room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you walked, it had a hall down the middle? 794: Yeah. Yeah you had a hall down the middle there, come on down to the, to the kitchen and dining, the dining room and then the kitchen. It was like a room here then the the side room was a bedroom, the next room was a dining room and the next one was the kitchen and then uh two bedroom doors here on this side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was the first room, uh, that you walked into called? 794: Well, I could walk into uh either one of them on this side sure had a course we, we didn't have a door here on the front to either one of them like they should. Now this used to be uh, a porch closed here see I just build this here a little longer this one But they had a hall door you see and we'd go in and out the hall door but you go in either one, right or left either one. Interviewer: What was the left one called? 794: Well it was where my father and mother stayed, the bedroom. Interviewer: Could, could you make a sketch of the house? Just kind of draw what it. 794: Yes. Interviewer: Just the, the floor plan, you know. Aux: This is the old grandpa's house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} 794: I just trying to draw, draw off just the shape of each Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Of the rooms. And uh. {NS} And this is the porch now, this didn't come all all the way on this one. It just went across on the end of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And on uh this one this was a porch. A porch, and then there was a porch out from here, along here. And then a porch all the way from you might say from here back to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 Now I # Interviewer: #2 This is the bunt here? # 794: Yeah, that that was uh that was a porch you see it went across just like this one did before this room was built. It went plum across These here rooms and there was a porch here and a porch here and this front porch went out as far as these porches did on the ends you see. Interviewer: Were these porches connected? 794: Yeah. Uh Well um {NS} Uh Yeah the- this {D: sharing wall} connected to the front ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: This one here and uh I just put a P here so you know it's uh porch in the place of a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: room and uh Course, this, this is all the way across here, this is a porch too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh, a porch all the way across to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it had uh three brick chimneys to it it had a brick chimney to uh this end. Interviewer: What was this room here called? That was your parents bedroom? 794: Yeah, that was my parents bedroom. And this was um some of the boys' bedrooms and this was the girls' bedroom, and this was the other boys' bedroom over here. Interviewer: The girls' bedroom was across the hall from your parents? 794: Uh, yeah, Yeah the girls they slept across the hall from the parents. And the boys slept across the hall from the parents, some of them did, and some slept in this room here next to my parents. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See thataway. Interviewer: So what was your room right here? 794: This is a dining room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NS} Let's see {NS} Dining Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 794: #2 room. # And this is a kitchen. {NS} Ain't much writing I haven't wrote in so long I'm about out of practice writing. {NS} And and this is the bedroom, two bedrooms and two bedrooms here. Interviewer: What was the room that you'd go in if you had company? 794: Oh we'd go in uh this room. Interviewer: The, the girls' room? 794: Yeah, the girls' room. We had uh Let's see, we had a organ in there. Some of them played the organ and we'd all sing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever call that anything besides the bedroom? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Did you ever call that anything besides the bedroom? 794: No. No, just bedroom or front room. Interviewer: Front room? 794: Yeah. Yeah, front room. Interviewer: What about this house here? Could you make a sketch of this house? 794: Uh Yeah. Uh. Now this house here, uh this was the porch all the way across. and then this room here and then there's a porch on across it and then there was a was a plank building back out thataway for a kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh, it wasn't connected to the house? 794: No, it wasn't connected, it was uh, at the end of that porch it was a little walk about as wide as this doorstep here into the kitchen. And then it had a it had a front porch on it and had a well, a board well, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: right on this front porch. Do you want me to draw it all up for you? Interviewer: Yes. What did you call that walk that went out to the kitchen? 794: Well, uh, I really don't know uh a pass, I suppose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Wouldn't call it a porch. Mostly a pass. From the uh From the back what we call the back porch of the house to the kitchen. Interviewer: What did you call this hall down this middle here? 794: Well we called it some called it hall and some called it entry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear it called a dog trot? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Dog trot? 794: No. I didn't understand the me- Interviewer: A dog trot. 794: Dog trot. No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah they called this a hall, some called it hall some called it entry. {NW} Aux: That's them horseflies. 794: Yeah these horseflies are bad sure. Well I can draw this off if you uh Interviewer: Yeah. 794: Want me to it uh Interviewer: Your grandfather built this now? 794: Um, well he had it built. Uh He had a man by name of Harper Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to build this for him course my grandfather helped build it. But he hired a man to build it. They uh went in the woods and they cut the trees down {NS} with a crosscut saw. And uh then they split them with a sledge and a wedge and an ax together. And they skid them up out of the woods to where they build the house with cattle. Interviewer: What do you mean they 794: Cattle, ox teams. Interviewer: Uh-huh they skid them 794: Yeah they skid them that's drag them Interviewer: Oh. 794: they drag them you know. Put chains around them course they had yokes on these cattle you know. and uh and and they'd drag them up by with, with the cattle. Now I don't know whether they uh drug them up before they split them in the woods or not. I don't think they did, I think they split them away so that they got them up to where they build the house. Interviewer: After they had already? {NS} 794: And uh So they uh, they went down in Doug, in Doug DeMorning's swamp and they cut big Cyprus trees down and they split the sap part of the trees off. They sold them board lengths, I believe it was three foot lengths then. They made them long boards, finally got down to two foot and a half, thirty inches, and twenty-four inches but they, they wanted to put on this house to build uh just thirty-six inches long, the boards was. And that they ride them out, bowed them up and ride them out in the boards. Heart Cyprus boards. {NS} Aux: That, that's a private line that's the matter. {NW} 794: {NW} And um, so they um, they went and they in down in the swamp {X} where they got these boards and they cut trees, put hard Cyprus blocks under them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And of course they went in the woods and they got the best hard pine timber there was and hewed out the sleepers and the seal, the foundation #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The sleepers? # 794: Sleepers and the seal they call them that's it's the foundation of the house. Interviewer: The sleeper is the foundation? 794: Yeah, sleepers and the seal is the foundation of the house. And uh then uh My grandfather, he had uh, a saw mill and he sawed the lumber. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For the flooring. And uh And sawed the lumber for to put between the logs and to take in the {NS} uh, plane, an old time plane what they call a jack plane and plane the inside of it and and and each edge of it down to what you call a feather edge down thin and nailed it on to there. And uh they wasn't in the plank houses then. All log houses, but uh this sure was the only spit log house there was in this country. The rest of them's out of smaller timber little round pole houses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then my mother's father his house was a split house just like this. Let's see uh Now this is a porch. It uh It uh started right here. It starts here. That's kind of a door step like the {X} to the porch here. And um Interviewer: {NS} What's that? 794: This is the kitchen. Interviewer: Hmm. Is it still out there like that? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Do you still have that? 794: Ah-huh. Yeah. And and now this is um This is a porch here. Interviewer: In front of the kitchen? 794: Yeah yeah fastened to the kitchen. And they had a well right here. A dug well. Right there. {NS} And of course that and they had um a dirt chimney for this kitchen here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I don't know hardly how to draw that out. But I'll just put it kindly this way like. Interviewer: That's on the back of the kitchen? 794: Ah-huh. This is And uh They had um {NS} a chimney to the end of this uh {NS} room here I'll just put it kinda close like that. {NS} and a chimney to this one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they didn't have any porches on each end of it. Interviewer: How many rooms? #1 were there in all? # 794: #2 It was uh, was uh # three bedrooms. Now uh, this was a bedroom and this is a bedroom and this is a bedroom {NS} and of course this was the hall here and this was the kitchen and kitchen and dining room all together. Interviewer: How have you changed the house? 794: Do which? Interviewer: How have you changed it? 794: Well I haven't changed it any at all except the uh the kitchen I didn't build it to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It came a storm here seven years before I moved this house here and blew it down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: So I never did build it back to this at all. Interviewer: You've shut this room? 794: Yeah. Yeah well this is what blew away, the kitchen here it blew away. And I didn't build it back you see, to here at all. But uh that's the way it was when it was over over there Now like it is here, it's this here all except this you see. Course I could draw this all here like if you want it. Interviewer: Well what, tell me what you, do you still use this as a bedroom here? 794: Yeah use this for a bedroom. And uh this for a bedroom and this for a bedroom, three. Interviewer: Where is your kitchen now? 794: Well my kitchen now is in here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Is this-? # 794: #2 {X} # Yeah I use I use this for a bedroom now. And uh and this for a bedroom and this for a kitchen and and now I use uh this for a bedroom you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well no I don't now we did for a while but we don't now it's just. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Let's see. 794: That's about as best I believe that I can #1 draw at all of course it wasn't drawn all # Interviewer: #2 that's fine # 794: pretty and straight {NW} Made it catty-cornered and all but that's some like the shape it was. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear any um old-fashioned names for kitchens? 794: No just kitchen is all that they called it then the old-fashioned name was kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about for porch? 794: Well They called it some called them gallery gallery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you hear that word now? 794: Yes, the gallery jail. Interviewer: No, do you, do you hear people say gallery #1 nowadays? # 794: #2 No, no not now they call them porch now. # And there not very many houses now that has porches on them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: These, this new uh model houses they build now they don't put porches on them. {NW} Interviewer: Tell me about the fireplace? The part that comes out, the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace. 794: Yeah, that's right. In front of the fireplace, open just in the house alright Interviewer: #1 What do you call that? # 794: #2 And well they uh # And and and uh You see where they build a fireplace here and leave this open place come in the house well they let the hearth what they call the hearth from the fireplace come out Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: About eighteen or twenty inches in the room you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Keep the fire from burning in the floor your see, they don't let the floor go right up to it. They call that the hearth. Interviewer: What's the thing that goes up above? 794: A plate. Call that the plate. Plate of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah they call that the plate of the house, goes up for. That's the the plate and this up comes up these round {X} is the rafters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And then this strip of course is the {D: laven}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What about on the fireplace? The thing you can sit a cloth on up above the fireplace. 794: Well you have uh, a mantle shelf. Yeah called a mantle shelf. Interviewer: What do you set the wood on? 794: Do which? Interviewer: What do you set the wood on? In the fireplace. 794: Oh uh Andirons. Interviewer: Do you ever hear old-fashioned name for that? 794: No, andirons I believe is, is the the only name that I ever heard of it. Interviewer: What? 794: Andirons. And. A-N-D-I-R-O-N-S. Interviewer: What about dog irons or fire dog? 794: Well I'll tell you they did call dog irons. That's the old name, dog irons. They call them andirons now but they did call them dog irons, that's right. I'd just forgotten. And then, then they use uh a poker there uh used to, they don't use them now, they used a fire stick now used to use a poker that's two pieces that's that they fasten together cut a little hole and fasten together to use to spread them apart and pick up a chunk Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And throw it in the fireplace of hot embers. but they don't use them now they just use a piece of iron for a, a fire stick. Interviewer: If you wanted to start a fire, what kind of wood might you use? 794: Uh, rich lighted. Lighted. Interviewer: Is that 794: Rich lighted that's splinters you see. Interviewer: Any, any kind of wood could be lightered? It doesn't have to be a 794: No, it has to be a rich lighted pine for the, for the start your fire with the splinters and then you cut larger pieces for pine to go on it course you can burn any kind of wood any kind of hard wood or pine wood either. but uh pine wood is not good for the keep fires with you, it's good uh to start your fires with you start them quicker with pine wood than you can with any kind of hard wood but you use hard wood for uh wood for to put in the fire place you know keep your fire wood Oak or Gum Maple Elder Hickory, Beech. Any kind of hard wood that'll work. Interviewer: What would you call a big piece of wood that you could set towards the back of the fireplace? 794: Back stick. Call that the back stick, yeah. Interviewer: And the black stuff that forms in the chimney is called uh? 794: Is which? Interviewer: The black stuff that forms 794: Oh, oh that's the soot, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: the soot yeah. Interviewer: What do you shovel out of the fireplace? 794: The do what? Interviewer: What do you shovel out of the 794: Oh, uh uh small shovel just a little shovel. Interviewer: What do you take out with it? 794: The the ashes. Take ashes out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They'd take the ashes out with a shovel. Interviewer: Tell me about um, things that you'd have in a house, this thing here is called a? 794: Well that's a uh the back of a chair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Call that the back of a chair. What's something longer than a chair that three or four people could sit on? 794: Oh um What you call a sofa? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Divan? 794: No it's not a sofa either, what you call this thing here? Aux: I don't know, couch. 794: Couch. Aux: I guess so. 794: Yeah call it a couch I believe. Interviewer: What's the difference between a sofa and a couch? 794: Well I don't know I don't know there's any. Interviewer: What did you used to call it? 794: Well sometimes we'd call it a sofa and sometimes we'd call it couch. All about the same thing. Just about the same. Interviewer: What sort of things did people have in their bedroom to keep their clothes in? 794: Well uh they used to have uh I can't think of it right now. They uh {NS} No uh, a dresser, dresser. They have a dresser, yeah. They call it a dresser and slip uh little shelves in to put their clothes in. And uh now they have uh clothes closets. Interviewer: That's built in? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: Did a dresser have drawers in it? 794: Yeah it had drawers to it yeah. Three drawers to it. Interviewer: Did it have a mirror? 794: Yeah it had a mirror to it, had three drawers to it and a mirror to it. Interviewer: Was there anything like a dresser that didn't have a mirror it, that was just drawers? 794: Well uh wardrobe had dresser to it and uh chest of drawers, some chest of drawers have- Interviewer: What did a wardrobe look like? 794: Well it's uh Don't we have a wardrobe here? Aux: Yeah it's over there in the corner. 794: #1 Come on, come on and let me show # Interviewer: #2 Could you, could you make # 794: #1 {X} I'll show you I can't tell you # Aux: #2 No, {X} that's just got drawers in it. # 794: Yeah it's got drawers in it. Interviewer: You, you can't hang your clothes up in it? Aux: No. 794: #1 No don't, no don't think you can. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Do you ever see something that you could hang your clothes up in? 794: Well um clothes closet. You can hang your clothes up in that. And uh, wardrobe I believe. I believe that's about all. Interviewer: What about a chifforobe or an armoire? 794: Well a chifforobe you can hang your clothes up in that. Interviewer: How's a chifforobe different from a wardrobe? 794: Well I don't believe I could tell you. {NW} I don't believe I could tell you that. I don't know as there's any difference any just difference in the name is all. Interviewer: If you wanted to buy a table or chair or a sofa, what kind of store would you go to? 794: Go to hardware. Interviewer: What about nowadays? 794: Huh? Interviewer: What about nowadays? 794: Well I don't know, we didn't have {X} here at Winnfield, the name of that you see, we just called them hardware, and furniture, hardware and furniture stores. Yeah that's all we kind of stores we had here we used anything like that you know get any kind of furniture you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's in the house, or. That or a hardware, either one. Interviewer: Something on rollers that you could put up in a window and pull down #1 to keep out the # 794: #2 Shades. # Interviewer: Huh? 794: Shades. Interviewer: Okay. And the top of the house is called the 794: Well you call that the top of the house now you call this the eve of the house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then, and the and up at the at the top is is the steeple Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Steeple of the house. Interviewer: Or the covering is called the? 794: Well that's Well some call it the housetop, some called it the covering. But uh In the old time they called it the the cover of it they called it the boards on the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if you had to if your house was leaking you'd have to get up on the 794: Yeah and, and patch those leaks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Put a new board in, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 Put a new- # put a new board in there. Interviewer: You say you'd have to get up on the 794: Yeah I'd have to get up on the ladder Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 794: #2 You'd- # have to have a ladder you see, I have some ladders sure you, you gotta own a ladder. Climb up on top of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, something along the edge that you could carry the water, that could carry the water off? 794: W- well they call them a gutter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Gutter. I have that here on my door step over each one of them. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. That's # 794: #2 That's the gutter. # Interviewer: That fastens onto the 794: Yeah that carries the water off to the end of the house you see but if you want uh barrels to catch it in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Why you can fix it to where it'll run into the barrel. Now I have three barrels here at the back of my house where I catch it. And uh Course this gutter where you'll the the end is where it carries water into the barrel is lower you see than the other one is. Interviewer: The room at the top of the house between up above the ceiling is called the 794: Well the um Now the summer houses if they had bedrooms up called upstairs building Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh {NS} Interviewer: What about just up the just 794: #1 Up, up # Interviewer: #2 up the stairs. # 794: up above the loft is what they call that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Above the loft. Interviewer: The loft is just under the? 794: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Under the what? 794: Well You mean under the loft? Interviewer: Well what Where is the loft? 794: Oh that's overhead. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's overhead, that's this part here you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's what you call eh the loft. Uh {NW} Course I have a loft here and uh on the porches and then a loft in the hall and over the bedrooms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course now there's some buildings that they build up high that they have uh two story buildings you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They call that upstairs. {NS}