794: Would you like to drink some coffee? aux: Would you take coffee, hun? Interviewer: Oh, yeah if you aux: Really? Okay, I'm okay 794: We we we drink coffee aux: {X} 794: We drink coffee, two meal times, between meal times you see that away and I figure maybe you would, too. Interviewer: Um 794: It'll be a mighty good little refreshment I believe. Interviewer: Thank you. If, say the child was spoiled, you'd say well when he grows up he'll have trouble what as not? 794: Be mean. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Be mean. Interviewer: Would you say he'll have trouble apt as not or like as not? 794: Yeah, he's apt to he'll have trouble after not apt as not. And that means he's just apt to have trouble as he is not to have trouble. Interviewer: If you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land, you'd say you did what? 794: Well you need to prune them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Trim them up, trim them up. Uh And that makes it looks better too and uh now here the woods course we used to have stock in the woods, cattle and hogs, we had open range at the woods that's opened up here wasn't no little undergrowth to amount to anything you could see long ways through the woods Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But now And then another thing they used to burn the woods off at once a year every spring along about February, they'd catch a dry time in February And everybody'd burn {NS} excuse me the woods off they'd they, they'd rake around the fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They didn't have wire fences, they had rail fences outta timber and uh they'd rake around the fences and all their buildings to where the fire couldn't get to them {NW} and they'd all have a certain day {NW} to set the woods on fire and burn 'em off course it's against the law to set 'em off fire now they won't allow you to burn 'em off but it'd be better a lot of the wood would if they'd burn them off I'd worked in {X} fire's work for several years {NW} and uh where there's not any small pine timber there's little old {NW} hard wood that {NW} don't ever amount to anything why it pays to burn that off Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then {NW} the other thing It kills the insects. There, there's insects gets in the timber they're what you call a bore worm Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Drills in there and it kills the timber. {NW} And it pays to uh to burn it off but now some of the companies and the government does too is spray it but uh I don't think that's a good idea it may it may help as far as the timber, but it don't help the people Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It's uh all in the air you see and it's poisoning people up your system wrong it gets all in your system and it poisons them up and I think that it's it's it's a it's a bad idea to to even to spray it that way. Interviewer: How would they control the fires? 794: Huh? Interviewer: When they had fires, how would they control them? 794: Well {NW} we have uh plows have tractors {NW} and big uh plowed big middle busters {NW} sixteen to eighteen, twenty middle inch middle buster and we, we plow lines and uh to to stop the fire to keep from getting over any further and then we have uh oh uh flaps and we'd whoop the fire out with them in walk so long and whoop the fire out sometimes it'll break over this far line that we plow you see Interviewer: What's a flap? 794: {NW} Well that's uh made out of uh kind of uh a piece of a building like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That they have at the mills you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NW} Building uh, it with a hammer to it, wooden hammer to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they'd flap that on the ground on these leaves where the fire and they and they put it out, that away. And then uh they have uh they have a tank, some of them has a tank that they carry on a on on a tractor or a big truck Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they have a spray, you see, where they spray it put it out that away Interviewer: If you had some land that was all overgrown and you wanted to cultivate it, first you'd have to 794: You have to clear it up, you have to cut the timber off of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what do you have to do with oats, to separate the grain from the rest of it? 794: Well uh well you you do this they haul it to the mills you see and they separate some of it when they the the trucks just hauled it to the mill and what they don't separate then when they hauled it there {NW} they the man that carries it in from the where the the log ramp is carries into the mill, where they saw it they uh they carry it in on uh on trucks like and uh and and they separate it there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and they they put the pine they put all of the the pine you see that's not a hardwood Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: pine and uh cypress that's uh that's not a hardwood. you have uh oak course there's several different kinds of oak and you have hickory, beech and gum and all such as that. that they call hardwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They haul that separate. Interviewer: Did people ever grow oats around here? 794: Yes they used to, used to grow lots of oats. My father used to grow oats here at the he'd have land he'd go want a pasture on them and he'd sow it, he'd sow the oats solid and and he'd flat break his land uh just level, it wouldn't be it up you see and it flat break and the oats come up in there and course there's crab grass sometimes that come up in there too and then they'd pasture on it that way, put the stock in on Interviewer: What would they do with the oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 794: Well uh they uh they threshed that out you see and separate the grain from the rest of it and and they put that in sacks Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For feed you see. and uh now they take that and mix it and chops and alfalfa hay that they they leaf part of it and all mixes together and and they mix it and uh call it this all grain Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah mix feed. Interviewer: Say if there was um something that we had to do today, you could say we'll have to do it, or what's another way of saying that? 794: We'll have to do it {NW} or uh Interviewer: Would you ever say you and I have to do it or 794: #1 Yeah, you and I, you and I will have to do it. # Interviewer: #2 me and you. # #1 What about me and # 794: #2 We we we'll have to # Do something or so and so will today or tomorrow or we will do it something that away you see. Interviewer: What if you're talking about another man and yourself, would you say 794: Well uh you and myself or this man and myself or call his name either one or give a name or give a surname either one you want to Interviewer: Did you ever say me and him or #1 he and I # 794: #2 me and him or he and I or him and myself # Interviewer: Which would you say? 794: Well uh He and I, sometime I say that or sometime I say him and hisself, Jimmy call him before you do yourself you say course the old way of saying it is me and you Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But uh Now it it's you and I or him and I or he and I or she and I or ever which it is you see. Interviewer: And you'd say he doesn't want just you or just me for this job, he needs 794: Someone else. Interviewer: #1 Or if he needs two people, you'd say he needs # 794: #2 need two people # Interviewer: #1 would it be # 794: #2 be two people to help. # {NW} Or more people to help. Either one. Interviewer: Would you say all two of us or both of us or 794: Well both of us say both of us, probably wouldn't maybe both of us needs some help, more help excuse me just a minute I'm going to get a little antiseptic right {D: for my throat} Interviewer: If you knock at the door and somebody asks who's there, and you know that they'll recognize your voice, you might just answer it's 794: It's me. Interviewer: And if I ask you if that's John at the door, you'd say yeah that was 794: yes that is him, or he. Interviewer: And if it's a woman you'd say that was 794: That's her. {X} Or she. Interviewer: Which would you say? 794: Well The proper way'd be her. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's her. Interviewer: And if there was two people you'd say that was 794: That's them. Them or both of them, if they'd call their names say that's both of them. Interviewer: And talking about how tall you are, you'd say he's not as tall as 794: As I am or as tall as you think he is or Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall as 794: I'm not as tall as he is. Interviewer: And he can do that better than 794: Better than I could. Interviewer: And 794: or could reach that better than I could. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had been to Arkansas and hadn't gone any more north than that, you'd say Arkansas is what north I've ever been? 794: Arkansas is far as I ever been or Interviewer: Or it's the what north I've ever been? 794: Far north as I've ever been. Interviewer: And if something belongs to me, you'd say it's 794: That's mine. Interviewer: And I'd say this isn't mine, is this I'd ask, I'd ask you this isn't mine, is this 794: It's yours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to both of us it's 794: It's ours. Interviewer: And to them it's 794: It's theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 794: His. Interviewer: And to her? 794: Hers. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say his's? 794: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Would you ever say that? 794: No. {NW} Interviewer: How does that sound to you? 794: Well, it didn't sound r- sound right to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: No it didn't sound right to me. He or she or her or him. Either one. Interviewer: And if there was a group of people at your house and they were getting ready to leave, you'd say well I hope, what come back again? I hope 794: Hope, hope that y'all come back again. Interviewer: Would you ever say y'all to just one person? 794: You all, that means a group of 'em you see that means more than one person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or if it's just one say you come back again. Interviewer: What if you were asking them about their coats, you know everybody's coats, you'd say where are 794: Coats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You're asking them about their coats. 794: Oh. Interviewer: You'd say, you'd ask them where are 794: Where are your coat? Interviewer: Would you ever say you alls coats or y'all's coats? 794: Your lost coat, have you lost your coats or? Do you know where your coats is or something that either one that away Interviewer: And if there had been a party and you hadn't been able to go to it, and you wanted to find out which people had gone to it, you'd ask someone 794: Yeah, who's so and so go to it you know or ever who it may be call their name you see {X} Interviewer: Would, would you ever ask who all was at the party? 794: Yeah, who all was there and then they'd tell you see separate ones Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family, you might ask about them. 794: Well Interviewer: #1 children are they # 794: #2 That'd be # Several family's ch- several different family's children you see Interviewer: And if you wanted to find out the people that they belong to, you'd ask? 794: You'd ask whose they was, they was uh so and so you know uh Interviewer: Would you ever say who all's children are they? 794: Yeah, that, who all's children was it course maybe two or three different families you see and maybe just one or two families or maybe four or five families you see You'd ask uh who all it was you see Interviewer: And if you're asking about all of the, hey is that a, what? aux: Yeah that's a isn't he pretty? He fights them others. 794: That's a bird that's what we call uh there's several name for it, some calls them a woodchuck that they peck on a tree and some of them calls them uh a sap sucker Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: And some calls them a red head and some calls them a woodpecker because they peck on the wood Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And they whoop the other birds these here bluebirds is jay birds blue jay they'll whoop them off and the little red birds, they'll whoop them off uh she has a in a little box out there she feeds them in, feeds them bread and stuff that little box out there, it swings you see and they go down there and get that that feed they fly in there and get it and some of these here old red head oh sap suckers or woodpeckers or whatever they're called or woodchucks either one different names for them, they're all the same thing kind of bird aux: he knows I leave some on that ground 794: and some of them'll knock it down on the ground they'll fly down on the ground and get it Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever see something like that only a lot bigger? 794: Well yes there's um {NW} There's um what you call a yellow hammer that's larger than that {NS} and uh {NS} Did you ever hear of one called the Lord God? The what? Interviewer: A big bird like that called the Lord God? 794: I don't believe I did. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the word peckerwood used about people? 794: Peckerwood, yeah, that's what you call a peckerwood that old redheaded bird down in there that's a peckerwood some call it a peckerwood comes all some called them a woodpecker #1 some calls them a sap sucker, some calls them sap pecker and some calls them redhead, and some calls them a woodchuck # aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What do you call them? 794: Well I call them a sap sucker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever, heard other people called a peckerwood? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What does it mean when you call somebody a peckerwood? 794: Well {NW} that's not a very good name for a person you see, a peckerwood that's a kind of a silly person like Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were asking about all of the speaker's remarks, you know, everything that he said, you might ask someone 794: Yeah You uh you mean like you're going to a store to buy something or something {D: for sale that away} Interviewer: Or, say if someone had made a speech and you'd wanted to listen to the speech but you hadn't been able to. You might ask later, you'd find someone who had heard the speech and you'd ask them 794: Well I'd I'd ask them did they understand it all and what all was it they said at the speech you see Interviewer: and you say if no one else will look out for them, you say they've got to look out for? 794: Theirselves. They have to look out for theirselves. Interviewer: If no one else will do it for him, he's got to do it 794: Do it hisself Interviewer: And If dinner was on the table and the family's standing around the table, you'd tell them to go ahead and 794: Go ahead and eat. Go ahead and help theirselves or eat either one. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say so he went ahead and he 794: Helped hisself. Interviewer: And I asked him to pass it over to me since he had already 794: gone. Interviewer: But he had already what himself? 794: Already he'd already helped hisself yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. um And if they're standing up, you tell them to go ahead and 794: and sit down. Interviewer: So then he went ahead and? 794: And sit down. Interviewer: And you'd say no one else was standing because they'd all done what? 794: Well if no one else is standing but him I'd say well go ahead and sit down you you Interviewer: Yeah, everyone else is 794: Everyone else is, everyone else is sitting down but you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Everyone else is already 794: Already sit down, yeah. Interviewer: And You'd say this morning at seven o'clock I what breakfast? 794: That I eat breakfast at seven. Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I'd already 794: Already eat. Interviewer: And #1 if you had uh-huh # 794: #2 already ate I believe it's the way it is # Interviewer: If you were thirsty you could go to the sink and pour yourself a 794: Water. Interviewer: You'd drink it out of a 794: Pitcher or a glass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say the glass fell off the sink and 794: Broken. Interviewer: Okay so somebody has done what to the glass? Has 794: broke the glass, knocked it off in the sink. Interviewer: And you might say well I didn't mean to 794: to break it, didn't mean to knock it over or to break it Interviewer: and, if someone has a good appetite, you'd say well he sure likes to put away his 794: If he has a good appetite? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Sure likes to put away the grub or Interviewer: What's another name for grub? 794: Yeah, uh the vittles Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or call it vittles either one. Interviewer: Or what you eat is called? 794: Well what you call you eat is called is called uh grub or you something you call or in the morning you call it your breakfast Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or uh, at night your supper. Or at at at noon you call it your dinner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you still use the word vittles? 794: Which? Interviewer: Would you use the word vittles now? 794: Yeah. Still use it. Interviewer: And Food taken between regular meals is called a 794: Eating between meals? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well uh Interviewer: You'd be fixing yourself a 794: a lunch a lunch between meals Interviewer: And, something kinda like a fruit pie maybe it's made out of apples, but it has several layers of apples and strips of dough in it, you'd call it a 794: Kind of a mix pie Interviewer: Or you 794: Or or a delicious. It'd be delicious you see mixing different things with it that away is that you like each one of them if you like each one of that things it'd be delicious Interviewer: What if it was just apples and strips of dough? 794: Well uh yeah some called them a fried pie and then some of them called them whatever it is whether it's apple pie or peach pie or plum or figs or grapes or raisins or anything thataway whatever it is you see. Interviewer: What about a cobbler? 794: Well a cobbler that's uh A cobbler pie that's oh of course you can make that out of most anything you want to you know just like any kind of a cake that away Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cobbler pie. Interviewer: Did you ever hear another name for a cobbler? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: What about a deep dish apple pie or a family pie? 794: Well a deep dish well might say a family pie that's what everyone likes you see the same kind of pie everyone likes the same kind that'd be a family pie Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, a sweet liquid that you could pour over pudding or pie, you'd call that a, it'd be a kind of a 794: Dessert uh oh um Interviewer: #1 maybe cream and sugar and nutmeg # 794: #2 cream # Yeah cream uh something uh for a a dessert you see like Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That you mix over it. Interviewer: And, if you were thirsty, you would say I what a glass of water? 794: if if you want something to drink you'd take a glass of water Interviewer: Uh-huh, and I what two glasses? 794: I swallowed it. Interviewer: Or I 794: Let's see Interviewer: You'd ask me, how much water have you 794: Drank. I drank a glass of water, yeah, that's the way it is, drink it, drink a glass. Interviewer: And you'd say um, I was so thirsty I what two glasses? 794: I dra- I's so thirsty I drank two glasses of water. Interviewer: And you'd ask me, how much water have you? 794: Drank. Two glasses. Interviewer: And. If you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 794: Chew it. Interviewer: And you say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 794: Yeah, the food kinda choked me like or got fast and hung in my throat or fast in my throat. Interviewer: He could chew it but he couldn't 794: Couldn't swallow it. Interviewer: And If someone offers you some food and you don't want any, you'd say no thank you I don't 794: I wouldn't care for it. Interviewer: And if food's been cooked and served a second time, you say that it's been 794: Cooked over. Interviewer: And what's it called then? You'd say you were having 794: Cook over or Interviewer: Okay. And butter that's been kept too long, you say that the butter is 794: It's uh too old too old a butter Interviewer: And it's 794: it's been kept for too long you see and it's too old or it's uh kinda sour or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. Interviewer: What would you call milk that, after it turns? 794: Uh whey. Call it whey. Interviewer: And what else? And uh uh clabber. aux: Here get you a cup of coffee hon. 794: It first turns to whey aux: Do you want anything in it? 794: It it it first turns to whey and then it turns from that to clabber and then you churn it you see and you make buttermilk out of it Interviewer: Anything else? 794: #1 And and that buttermilk you see that butter # aux: #2 you want this saucer hon? # 794: And you see the butter comes from the top and you and you skim that off you see eat that or you you bread and your syrup or your bread and your honey or your jelly, or any, anything you want to like that Interviewer: Is there any kind of cheese you can make from the clabber? {NS} 794: Well uh I suppose there are But the cheese is mostly made from the cream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Of any any kind of milk that is uh oh uh sweet milk or clabber milk now whey it don't have any cream on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And buttermilk course if you churn that you see well now the cream goes to butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kind of cheese can you make from the cream? 794: I know the name of it but I can't think of it It's a kind of a hoop cheese and there's uh oh there's two or three different kinds of cheese {NS} what kind of cheese is that that you buy sometimes that's not? aux: Cream cheese? 794: Cream cheese. #1 Yeah there's a cream cheese. # aux: #2 {X} cheese # 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What's the? 794: And then there's a hoop cheese, that there's the old time cheese that they make in big large rounds you know that away And uh And it's packed, it's a hard kind of cheese and it has a little bitty holes up through it that away, that's really the best cheese there is. What's the difference between cream cheese and cottage cheese? Well uh uh cream cheese is more of a mild has more of a mild flavor to it. Interviewer: Than 794: Than the other cheese does. Cottage cheese. Interviewer: Are they both lumpy or are they solid or what? 794: Well They're cream cheese is a little more solid Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh it's a softer kind of a cheese than the other is. Interviewer: Something that um, people eat for breakfast, it's white? People eat it for breakfast. 794: Rice? Rice is white, they eat that. And sometime they eat oatmeal for breakfast. And uh Interviewer: What's something that's made from ground-up corn? 794: Oh um Cornbread. Cornbread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And some eats biscuits, some eats flapjacks, and some eats what they call flitter cakes Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 794: #2 It's that's that's uh # Made out of meal and that's mashed up thin and and put in a skillet with grease fry it with grease in it Interviewer: What's something that's just white, it's corn that's been ground up and you can eat it with butter maybe along with your eggs? 794: You mean it's sliced out or ground out? Interviewer: No it's, it's ground 794: Ground. Well that's uh you can take uh grind meat up and brown meat and {X} {NS} Yeah there's lots of airplanes goes overhead. Interviewer: The ones that leave this little airport here? 794: Yeah yeah this is a airport here Oh I mean uh plane where the plane goes over and there is sometime ten and twelve a day goes over here there's sometime three at a time, sometime four, sometime six long that away and then later on that many more comes. Yeah there's a lot of planes, this is a route, a plane route you see Interviewer: What's something that people would make with corn that they'd soak in lye? 794: Hominy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Make hominy. Interviewer: Is there anything similar to hominy that's ground up? 794: Well uh I don't believe out of uh out of corn and uh unless it's grits Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You can make grits out of it you see that there ground up finer than hominy course hominy's not ground up, that's the whole grains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you can uh grind that up into grits After you cook it you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Make hominy out of it. Interviewer: What would you um, make out of flour and bake in a loaf? 794: Light bread. Interviewer: What does light bread have in it to make it rise? 794: Well it has right smart of yeast in it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Uh at more yeast you put in it the more it rises see, and of course you put uh baking powders in it too. You put uh Baking powders and you put yeast in it and uh there's something else, let me see if I can think of it Soda Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Put soda in it too. Interviewer: What other kinds of bread beside light bread would people make? 794: Well that they made bum, what they call bum, kinda like a biscuit, a large biscuit. they made bums out of it. and uh course they make uh cookies, different kinds of cookies course they have to sweeten them you see and they put flavors in them different kind of flavor Interviewer: What's round with a hole in the middle? 794: That's uh I know what this is let me think of it I know what it is but I just can't think aux: They got a shop up there at Winnfield. Interviewer: It's about this big has a 794: Yeah 794: I know what this is if I can think of it it's sort of like uh it was about the top rail of the fence was yesterday I couldn't think of what it was Interviewer: You ever hear of dough 794: Huh? Interviewer: Dough 794: Dough? Interviewer: Doughnuts? 794: Doughnuts oh yeah doughnuts yeah doughnuts that's what they've got the little hole in the center of it Doughnuts you're right yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever hear another name for doughnuts? Like crullers or anything like that? {NS} 794: I don't believe that I have. Doughnuts and uh Course cookies, cookies that's solid just like a little cake you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. You said there's two kinds of bread, there's homemade bread and then there's what you get at the store #1 that you call # 794: #2 Bakery, bakery bread. # Bakery shop bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What sort of things do you make out of corn meal? 794: Corn meal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well you make Hominy, oh out of the corn meal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well you can make bread out of it Interviewer: What kinds of bread? 794: Cornbread. Or you can make uh What they call uh a flapjacks Interviewer: That has corn meal in it? 794: Yeah and uh Interviewer: What would you call it if it had flour in it? 794: Well that's meal and flour together You can make biscuits out of meal and flour together some people put some meal, a little likes a little meal in there flour for with biscuits that away. Interviewer: Would you ever make um, flapjacks just using flour? 794: Yeah, flapjacks with flour and I've made them just with meal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's something you can make with corn meal, it's um just corn meal and salt and water and you can eat it with a spoon? 794: Cush bread? No, no that's not cush bread. Interviewer: What's cush bread? 794: Uh Cush bread is uh it is bread made up and and you don't cook it uh out like you do corn bread and place that away or cush bread and and you mix uh onions and eggs Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: with cush bread that away. Interviewer: How do you cook it? If you don't 794: Well you you put uh water in it and a little grease and uh baking powder I believe I don't believe you put soda in that I'm not for sure which you put uh grease and baking powder and a little salt Interviewer: And then you bake it? 794: You bake it yeah. and you bake it. Interviewer: What's something though that you can just eat with a spoon? That's just cornmeal and salt and water that's boiled? And you can eat it with a 794: With uh just a spoon? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of mush or cush cush? 794: What? Interviewer: Mush or cush cush? 794: Cush, no I don't believe I have. Cush bread and corn bread flap jacks Interviewer: What about a corn dodger? 794: Well you can make co- corn dodgers. Interviewer: How do you make those? 794: Kind of a little cake like that you make out of it Interviewer: Is it round? 794: Yeah, it's round. Supposed to be round like. Interviewer: How many inches across is it? 794: Well I suppose it's about something like three inches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Two and a half to three inches. Interviewer: Do you fry it or bake it or what? 794: You fry it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The inside part of the egg is called the? 794: The yellow. Yellow of egg. Interviewer: What's the other part called? 794: That that's that's the center part of a egg you see uh that's the richest part, that's that's richer than the white part is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How can, if you cook eggs in hot water you call them? 794: Boiled. Boiled eggs. Interviewer: What if you crack them and let 'em fall out of the shells in the hot water? 794: Well #1 I don't imagine # aux: #2 You want me to get you a glass of water hon? # 794: #1 I don't imagine # aux: #2 You don't want no water? # 794: Yeah, I don't imagine it'd be very good, for to crack in the hot water to get into it I don't imagine it be very good for it kinda bust it open you see like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But it's better where you boil it like and leave the solid shell on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cuz you get it cooked and break that off to suit yourself. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, if something was cooking and it made a good impression on your nostrils, you'd tell someone, would you just that. You'd say to someone just 794: Just suitable or Interviewer: Or if something's cooking. 794: Cooking. Interviewer: It um, and you like the odor 794: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 You'd tell someone, just # 794: Just fine or just a good odor to it or Interviewer: Or you'd 794: Good flavoring or Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say to someone, would you just 794: Like it or Interviewer: Would you say smell it or #1 Smell of it # 794: #2 May, yeah, smell of it # Would you just smell of it. Interviewer: And you'd say, if you had a belt and it was made out of leather, what would it say on there to tell you that it's made out of real leather? It would say it's, it's not imitation leather, it's 794: No, it's uh solid you'd call it a solid leather Interviewer: Or it's gen- 794: Genuine leather. Interviewer: And, something you can make to put on toast or biscuits, it's a sweet spread. It'd be jam or 794: Jam or jelly. Interviewer: And what you'd have on the table to season 794: A pepper or salt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: You have salt or some like pepper just like on a eggs some like pepper on egg Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And Some likes their eggs a little salty, some don't like it so salty {NW} And same's the way about sweet stuff just uh breakfast food, some likes it real sweet and some don't like it sweet Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were buying something two or three hundred pounds at a time, you'd say you were buying it how? 794: Large amount. Interviewer: Or buying it in? 794: In sacks or barrels or #1 something that away # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever say you're buying it in bulk? # #1 Or bulk? # 794: #2 In bulk # yeah, large bulk. Large size bulk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one, he'd tell you? 794: I didn't get that. Interviewer: If there's a bowl of apples, and a child wants one, he would say to you 794: Give me a apple. Interviewer: And, you'd say, if you don't have any money at all, you say that you're not rich, you're 794: You're poor. Interviewer: You'd say, when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child 794: was rich, had plenty. Interviewer: Talking about his father, next door is a child what 794: father was, was rich. Interviewer: How would, next door was a child Say the whole thing. Next door was a child 794: Father Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say that his father was rich, or whose father was rich, or 794: Well so and so ever who the child was or his name is his father was rich. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And have or had plenty you see, either one. Interviewer: And if you have a lot of peach trees, you say you have a peach 794: Orchard. Interviewer: And you'd ask someone if that's his orchard, he'd say no I'm just a neighbor. He'd point to someone else and and say he's the man 794: it it that belongs to or it owns it Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, what would you call peas and beets and carrots and so forth that you'd grow yourself? 794: Vegetables. Interviewer: And you'd grow them in a 794: Garden. Interviewer: And what would you call whiskey that's made illegally? Out in the woods. 794: Uh well it's uh wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Call it wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Was there any of that being made around here? 794: A long time ago there was. Used to be. Interviewer: How would you make it? 794: Well you take um uh like you make syrup used to make syrup, they'd skim the syrup you see and they'd put that in barrels Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh they'd put some corn in that or chops grind the corn up in the chops put that in there and a little water with it and it, they have it in a barrel, a wooden barrel and it'd put a sack of something over it so flour or anything couldn't get into it unless that stayed there until it soured and and it it gets syrup to sour, it begin to bubble and you could uh it didn't have faucets then to put in that they they'd uh take a large nail or small auger and drill a little hole down close to the bottom and take uh a little cane Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and to make them uh a little uh pipe like for it to run out of the barrel into a bucket or whatever you wanted to. go into here. and when it got so sour why that was ready to drink you could drink it sour, they called it beer Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and you could drink it that away or you could take it and you could put it in uh in a can something like these big five gallon coal oil cans and you could make you a trough and uh you could uh put you some brick down three bricks here to raise the can up about that high from the ground before you put your fire under there and then you put this pipe cook down pass it over this here barrel and run it through a a trough and drill a hole in each end of the trough running this pipe through it and let it, the pipe hang out something like that far fuller than the trough did and you boil this here till it turns into whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you have you a bucket of something out here for it to drain into out the end of this pipe protect your whiskey. Interviewer: What do you call that kind of whiskey? 794: Uh white corn whiskey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And you can cook it over till you can make alcohol out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any, did you ever, what would you call it if it wasn't fit to drink? 794: Well uh you you you'd call it sour whiskey or just sour wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How would you, how would they sell the whiskey? So that they, did you ever hear of people selling whiskey and never letting the person that's buying it see them? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: How would they do that? 794: Well they'd have a certain place to put it {X} and kinda in the brush woods like that away and they'd have a certain place to put it and uh the people come there to buy it you can put the amount or whatever it come to right down on the paper or pay for it something that away and they'd leave the money there and take the whiskey, the amount of whiskey they're supposed to you see. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say they were trading with Nancy? 794: Yeah. Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: What? How would they say that? 794: Well uh They'd call that kinda unseen, sight unseen. You see, not seeing them, not in the public you see. it uh Interviewer: They'd say they were 794: Uh selling it kinda unseen or behind the blind Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Selling behind the blind. Interviewer: Or they'd say they were trading 794: Yeah, trading. Interviewer: What, what about with Nancy, did you ever? 794: Which? Interviewer: Trading with Nancy. 794: I don't believe I ever heard that. You mean that public or just one in- individual? Interviewer: Just doing it like that. Sight unseen. 794: Well That'd be uh Bootlegging. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's what you call bootlegging. Interviewer: And, the kind of animal that barks you'd call a 794: A dog. Interviewer: And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog, what would you tell him? 794: Hissed him on. Just hissed him on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had a mean dog you'd tell someone you better be careful, that dog'll 794: Bite you. Interviewer: And yesterday the dog 794: bit someone. Interviewer: And the person had to go to the doctor after he got 794: Got bit. Interviewer: Did you ever say after he got dog bit? 794: Yeah. After he got dog bit he had to go to the doctor. Interviewer: And, you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses? 794: Trade horses, trade horses or swap horses. Interviewer: Or get on them and 794: get on and ride them, show you how to ride or hook them up put the harness on show them how they work to a wagon, to a buggy to a plow or skid logs or anything you want to work it to that away Interviewer: You'd say he got on his horse and he 794: Rode the horse. Interviewer: And you'd say I have never 794: Never rode that horse. Interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on you'd say you fell 794: fell off. or he's too rough for me to stay on. now some horses you see rides easy, what you call a saddle horse, has different gaits foxtrot pace single foot and some just has a rough trot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And some is rough about lope, loping or running. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And some is easy. Interviewer: A child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning. You'd say I guess I must have 794: Fell off the bed. Interviewer: And the things you put on the horses feet are called the 794: shoes. Interviewer: What do you call a game you play with those? 794: Do which? Interviewer: A game that you can play with those? 794: Oh uh uh you pitch them you pitch them, you dig holes like one out there in the yard and one here and this one or two men get here at this hole and the same amount there and you pitch them Interviewer: You pitch the? 794: Pitch the the horse shoe. And the one at uh throws it in the hole that's the one that gains. Interviewer: Did you ever see it played with rings instead of with horseshoes? 794: Yes I saw it played with rings and I saw it played with silver dollars. Interviewer: What's it called when it's played with rings? 794: Pitching rings. Or horseshoes, pitching horseshoes or do- uh silver dollar pitching dollars. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on are called the 794: The bottom, bottom of his feet. The bottom of the hoof, down next to the frog of his feet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. First of all, you have to trim all 794: Trim, have to trim that off. And uh cut the, trim the frog of the foot out rest the hoof off and uh at the top and take a knife and trim it off round at the bottom to fit this shoe and uh they cut the frog of the foot out trim it out some Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some has a flat frog to the foot and some has a high frog to the foot. This with the high frog you don't have to trim it much but a flat frog you have to trim that a right smart. you see so that the frog part of this foot won't catch the ground, if it does it bruises them and makes them lame you see. Interviewer: And all, you you trim all four? 794: All four of his feet. Interviewer: Or all four of his 794: of his hoofs. Interviewer: And the animal that you milk is called a 794: A cow. Interviewer: What's the male called? 794: Bull. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? Did it sound alright to say a bull? 794: Well uh that's about all they called them then. Now they call them, some calls them the male. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But bull, that used to be all that they called them, the bull or the heifer or the bull or the cow. And then uh they'd make these work steers out of them course they'd castrate them you see. And that makes steers out of them, and that's beef cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See they wouldn't kill the bulls. But now sometimes they'd work a bull to uh in a team that away but they didn't like to the bulls they generally they couldn't stand the work that a steer could and and they was meaner and stubborn than a steer was. Interviewer: Any other way of saying castrate? Is there any other way people said that? 794: Alter them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Used to call it alter them. Interviewer: If you did that to a hog what would you call him? 794: What would call whatever it was oh uh Interviewer: If you'd done that, if you'd altered a hog 794: Hog. Oh, you'd call that a meat hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A meat hog. Interviewer: Any other names? 794: A boar Interviewer: Would you call him a boar if you'd castrated him after he was full grown? 794: No, you'd call him a stag. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, talking about the cows, the little one when it's first born is called a? 794: Bull calf. Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf, you'd say that she was going to 794: have a calf or bring birth to a calf. Mostly said have a calf. Interviewer: What about come in or drop a calf #1 or find them? # 794: #2 Well sometimes fixing to drop a calf. # Interviewer: And, the male horse is called the? 794: A stud horse. Or stallion. Some called them a stallion some called them a stud horse. and some called them a stable horse, that means a horse you have to keep in the stable away from other horses you see Interviewer: What would you call them? 794: Well I mostly always way back yonder I called them a stud Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Stud horse. But uh for the last uh few years a more proper name is a stable horse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a female called? 794: A mare. Interviewer: And what's a male sheep called? 794: A male sheep is called uh, a lamb. Let me see. Yeah a lamb. Interviewer: What's a female? 794: No a female is called a lamb and and a male is called uh let me see, I know Interviewer: Did you ever hear buck or ram? 794: A ram, yeah, a ram, a ram goat that's that's a male, a ram. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and uh a sheep you see is uh is called a ram, the fe- the male is and and goats is called a billy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and a female is called a nanny. Interviewer: And, what people raise sheep for? 794: Well They raise them to butcher them, to eat and they raise them to sheer them to get the wool to make wool clothes out of. Interviewer: The animals you get pork from are called? 794: Hogs. Interviewer: When they're first born, you call them 794: Pigs. Interviewer: What about when they're a little older? 794: Shoats. Interviewer: How big is a shoat? 794: Well he's up to uh from uh five or six months old up to something like ten months old. Interviewer: How much would he weigh? 794: Well uh some of them would weigh uh Thirty or forty pounds, some weigh fifty, some seventy-five. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's just common hog course now these fine blooded hogs they weigh more than that Interviewer: What would you call a, the skinny kind of hog that's grown up out in the woods? 794: Scrub hogs. Scrub hogs. Interviewer: Any other kind? 794: Well not in the woods they didn't course sometimes they they'd mix breed them put the fine blooded hogs with 'em what they call a Hampshire hog. That's uh more like uh a scrub hog than any other hog there is and the grain of the meat is more of a uh like a scrub hog, woods hog than any other hog is and it's really the best flavored meat there is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But now uh uh these Duroc Jerseys hogs A Berkshire hogs A Poland China hogs they're, they're a faster growing hog and they're a larger hog but now this here Berkshire and Poland China Their meat is is really good to eat but these uh Duroc Jerseys is more of a lard hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh their meat it's it's a coarse grain and the grains of it is more like a twine it's the size of a twine of string Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it isn't a good flavored meat. It's more of a lard meat than any other kind. Interviewer: What do you call a female hog? 794: That's a sow. Interviewer: #1 What do you? # 794: #2 That's a she. # She you see. Female is is is a is a she. Or or what they call it a sow. Interviewer: What if she's never had pigs? 794: Uh uh well it's uh boar, call it a boar if uh it it it's a guild of a certain age but she don't have pigs it's a barren sow. a barren sow don't don't uh breed you see Interviewer: Have you done anything to her? 794: No. #1 No. They're, they're born that away. # Interviewer: #2 It's just that way. # 794: They're born that away and of course uh plain talk and all but some women you see's that away They're what you call barren. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Women. Interviewer: What would you call the male hog? 794: A boar. Interviewer: Was that word alright to use? 794: Well A male is more proper than the boar is. Male hog. Interviewer: And the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back, 794: The which? Interviewer: The stiff hairs. 794: Stiff hairs? Well uh that's the uh the stiff hairs that's the bristle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's the bristles, only that's mostly on the neck. Interviewer: What's the big teeth that they had? 794: That's the tusks Interviewer: And what you put the food in for the hog is called a? 794: Food for the, put in the food for the hog? Interviewer: No, what, what you put the food in. 794: Oh, a trough. Interviewer: And if you had three or four of those you'd say you have three or four 794: Three or four troughs. Interviewer: And, if you had some hens and turkeys and geese and so forth and they were getting hungry, you'd say you had to feed the 794: Had to feed the, the the flock the sheep I mean the the turkeys or the chickens or the ducks Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Have to feed them all, course you can't feed them together, you have to feed them separate. Interviewer: If it's time to feed the stock and do your work you'd say it's 794: time to do up the night work Interviewer: And, the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? 794: Well {NW} When when it's being weaned you call it a yearling calf Interviewer: What noise does it make though? 794: Oh it bleats. Interviewer: What does a cow do? 794: She lows. Interviewer: What if she's hungry? 794: Uh they low, low for the feed. Or a calf bleats for its feed Interviewer: What, what noise does she make if she wants her calf? 794: She lows. Lows for the calf. Interviewer: And what kind of noise does a horse make? 794: Well uh he nickers. Interviewer: And how would you call a cow to get her in out of the pasture? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What, what about calling a calf? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And how would you get the cow to stand still so you can milk her? 794: {NW} Interviewer: What about to move her leg back? 794: Back your leg. Back, back your leg, sometimes she wouldn't back it you'd have to push it back with your hand or hit it with your hand or and if they's mean about backing sometimes you'd have to kick them on the leg down here, shin part of the leg close to the foot between the knee and the foot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: To make them back it. Interviewer: How would you call a horse in out of pasture? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about to get them to turn left or right? 794: Do what? Interviewer: To turn them left or right? 794: Gee. Haw. Gee to the right, Haw to the left. Interviewer: And to get them started? 794: {NW} Get up. Interviewer: And to stop them? 794: Whoa. Interviewer: And to back them up? 794: Ye, back up. Back up, whoa, ye, back up. Interviewer: How would you call sheep? 794: Sheep? Well uh Sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep Interviewer: What about hogs? 794: {NW} pig pig pig, {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about to get them away from you? 794: {NW} Interviewer: And how'd you call chickens? 794: Call them chick chick chick chick chick Interviewer: And, um, how do you kill a hog, and what parts of the meat would you 794: Well uh you you can hit him in the head with a ax or a sledge kill him or you can shoot him or you can cut his throat and he bleeds to death. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What parts of the meat would you get from the hog, what inside parts do you eat? 794: Well uh you'd eat the liver or you can eat the heart and some people eats the uh entrails you see you can take the entrails and get all out of it and clean them and you can take a stick and run in there and you can turn them the other way and peel this inside off and uh you you you can make uh you could put in salty water and soak it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh you can make sausage. You grind meat you see, and season it up and put it in that and uh Interviewer: What if you just boil the entrails, what do you say you're making? 794: Well uh you can take the uh chitlins, call it chitlins, they boiled it and cooked it that away or fried it either one to make chit, chitlins out of it Interviewer: Did you ever hear of haslet or haslet? 794: Haslet? Horse let Well now they make hash now, I've heard of hash {X} make hash out of meat that away, course you put onions and salt and pepper or sometime you put garlic in it and you grind it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you make hash meat out of it. Or you can take the liver and make hash meat out of that. That's more of a hash meat than, than, than a meat is. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of making something with the liver and corn meal? 794: Liver and corn meal? Uh uh corn meal, liver and corn meal? Interviewer: Something called scrapple, or cripple, or pawn hoss? 794: No I don't believe I ever did hear of that. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of meat you can boil with greens? 794: Uh, hog jowls or middling meat Interviewer: What if it's salted? 794: Well if it's salty, you soak it. If it's too salty you soak it. Before you uh, like you go to cook it the next morning or the next day at noon you soak it the night before Interviewer: Well, there's, if you don't smoke the meat, if you 794: Smoke it? Well if you don't smoke it, why you, you put it down in salt. And you salt it down on a bench or a box someplace for this uh salty water, when it uh when it takes so much salt it draws the blood out of the meat and you fix that where it drains off you see. And then when you drain that off if you want dry salt meat you just wrap it up in salt and put it on a table or a bench or something that away. Or if you want uh you to be sure, sugar salt or liquor on it after you salt it down with this white salt you take it and you get you a pot like a big old wash pot and you boil your water in there and you and you put your meat in a tub and you pour this water in there and you take a rag and you wash this salt and all and let it soak a while and uh then you hang uh that up and you smoke it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: with a with a green hickory timber or sassafras himber, timber. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And a course some uh sassafras is literally the best flavor to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh And then you you can uh after it smokes and get dry enough course now ever it'd it'd get dry like a dry spell this way just a moment and gets dry and if it comes a rain it'll finally get to dripping water you got to put another smoke under it and and smoke it to get it dry again and uh if you get smoking about as much as you want to, give it a good flavor and all why then you can uh put it in boxes you can wrap it up in paper where it can get air you see or you can take it and uh put it down in white salt just put your layer salt down here put your layer of meat or middling or have one and then some more salt on it that away salt it down. Fix it to where the flies can't get to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the fat meat that comes from either side of the backbone? 794: Well uh that is uh from either side of the backbone come on down to the belly part of it that that's the middlings Interviewer: What about fat back? 794: Well you can call it the fat back or that's the strip back up next to the back that's the line, that's the line meat and uh so this down here is the middling meat but uh if people some people likes it kinda lean meat and some calls it fat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some trims most of the fat off and and uh and renders that up into uh {NS} to lard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cooks it you see. Renders up into lard and a course when they cook it this meat that they cook it out of it's, it rises to the top of the grease that's called cracklings and they take that off you see and some people makes, puts it in bread, makes crackling bread and some likes to eat the cracklings separate to theirself Interviewer: What do you call the um, kind of meat you buy already sliced to eat with eggs? 794: Well you call that bacon. Interviewer: Would you ever talk about a side of bacon or a #1 middling? # 794: #2 Yeah, middling. # Middling or or uh sliced bacon. Sliced bacon or middling meat. Course middling meat there they call it the middling meat there they call that for to boil with they don't slice that you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh this bacon they slice that real thin. Interviewer: What do you call the edge of the middling or the bacon that you cut off? 794: Well uh you call that, the edge you cut off, you call that the the belly part. Interviewer: Well it's actually the 794: belly part or the middling. Interviewer: What, what about the skin of the hog? You call that the? 794: Well the skin you see you cut off the shoulders or the hams you call that the {D: flitchit} Interviewer: The what? 794: The {D: flitchit}. You cut that off that's mostly lean meat You call that the {D: flitchit}, that's good for to fry Interviewer: Did you ever talk about bacon rind or meat skin? 794: Yeah Bacon rind that away That's the uh this part of the meat from here back up to the upper part of the middling, back next to the back bone Interviewer: Uh-huh. A person who kills and sells meat is called a 794: Is what? Interviewer: A person who kills and sells meat. 794: His own meat? Well He calls it bacon Interviewer: Well oh anybody who kills the meat and sells it would be called a 794: Well uh