Interviewer: What's the kind of tree that you showed me um, that you have in, in your yard that you 794: Well we have um We have the {D:muscletree} and we have the crepe myrtle Interviewer: What's the one that you have over there that you said someone makes jelly out of? 794: #1 oh oh that's a # Interviewer: #2 it's a bush # 794: plum oh that's oh um cherry Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: that's a {D:China} cherry and then we have uh pear trees Interviewer: What's a kind of tree that's got big white flowers on it? 794: Well uh that is uh a kind of de- delicious pear Interviewer: No no it's not, it doesn't have pears it just 794: just has uh the blooms on it? Interviewer: Yeah big white flowers and little shiny green leaves? The tree grows, it gets real big. 794: Oh yeah that's a magnolia Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Magnolia. I have one of them right out yonder but it never has bared it the little green one right out through there and I set that one out yonder that one with the little yellow looking leaves on it for magnolia but it's a bay and it never has bloomed. The bays don't bloom. But the magnolias does. and they make a large white bloom and and it smells real good it has a good odor to it Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a cowcumber tree or 794: {D: Talcum?} Interviewer: Cowcumber or cucumber tree? 794: Yeah yeah there's uh there's a cucumber tree Interviewer: What does that look like? 794: Well it's uh it's a kind of a slick bark and it has uh pretty good size leaf something like that Interviewer: #1 As broad as both your hands? # 794: #2 and and and it has # Trenches like in it sorta like this Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Now that's what they call a cucumber tree. Interviewer: Does it have flowers on it? 794: Well I never did uh never did see any flowers on it I don't believe they do. Interviewer: And a kind of a, of a bush or shrub that's got pink and white flowers on it, it blooms in late spring? 794: Well uh we have a dogwood Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That has white flowers on it. Course some time uh some of them uh a little pink right but it's mostly white flowers Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a, a spoon wood or a spoon hunt or mountain laurel or rhododendron? 794: I don't believe I did. Interviewer: And a bush or shrub, the leaves turn bright red in the fall, and it's got clusters on berries on it? 794: Well uh we have uh you could call it a tree but it's kind of a weed like that has a berries on it that has blooms on it large leaves Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And the bark of it is kinda red like well it's green when it's when it's first comes up and but it finally turns red and it has uh berries on it about the size of a buck shot and they'll turn red and get then get real ripe they're kinda dark looking more over a little more about a halfway between a red and a black Interviewer: What do you call that? 794: That's called poke salad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: People eats that. Eats the leaves of it. Early in the spring of the year {NW} say if you eat uh three meals of that {NW} it uh {NW} does you more good than a round of {X} medicine will it'll clean your system out all and uh Interviewer: Do you ever hear of something called sumac or shoe make? 794: Shoe make yeah yeah there's some shoe make bushes around here Interviewer: Is that good for anything? 794: Uh it- it it's not to eat though uh it's just a kind of a flower yeah I had several of them around here and they have pretty blooms on them and then this berry comes on there's a dark berry that uh they're they're like pretty right pretty bush and their leaves when when they get full grown they they turn kinda yellow a dark yellow Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: and some of them's almost red you might say a pale red they're they're a right pretty tree Interviewer: What kinds of berries would you grow around here that you could eat? 794: Huckleberries dewberries strawberries course huckleberries grows on bushes you see and mayhaws grows on bushes or trees like Interviewer: uh-huh. 794: And uh strawberries and dewberries they grow on a vine like now we have strawberries out here we've had a right smart of them this year they're they're uh a delicious kind of a fruit and we have some dewberries here course they're all gone now and it's strawberries too I went out there a few days back and gathered a few strawberries they're about the size of your thumb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a berry that you could get from a nursery and it would grow here? Some of them are, it's got sort of a rough surface to it, some of them are red some of them are red and black. 794: A raspberry? Interviewer: Do they grow here? 794: Well I never did see any grow {NS} here they grow some places but I never did see any grow here I don't hardly think they do. But strawberries and dewberries grows here and what we call a blackberry that grow on a briar they have a lot of stickers on them the briars does and then we have a huckleberry here and uh then we have the wild plum grows out in the woods that's about the only kind of uh berry besides the mayhaws that we have that grows here Interviewer: What kinds of bushes or vines would make your skin break out? 794: Oh a poison oak poison oak or poison ivy either one. Interviewer: How can you tell a difference? 794: Well it it's a pretty hard matter to tell the there's a little difference in it the poison oak it grows with uh with uh larger leaves on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: than the poison ivy does but we have both of them here. Interviewer: Is it a plant or a vine or? 794: Oh it's a vine. Yeah it's a vine. Interviewer: Um, say if you'd gotten someone some medicine, you'd go in and ask them why haven't you what your medicine? 794: Well uh Interviewer: If the medicine was still by the person's bed, you'd say why haven't you 794: Taken the medicine or Interviewer: and the person would say well I already 794: already taken some or already took some Interviewer: and in another hour I'll 794: take some more. Interviewer: And, you'd say if, if Bob is five inches taller this year, you'd say in one year he what five inches? 794: Well uh he grew or improved Interviewer: Mm-kay, and you'd tell him you certainly have 794: You certainly have improved or certainly have grew Interviewer: and you'd say you could almost see him 794: Almost see the difference in it or see that I've grew or fleshened up or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or in better health either one. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to go to a movie, you'd ask someone what time does the movie? 794: Start. Interviewer: Or what's another word for start? What time does it 794: Begin. Interviewer: You'd say it must have already 794: Began. Interviewer: And ten minute ago it 794: Started Interviewer: or it, it 794: Began or started ten minutes ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, you'd say um, he ran down the spring board and he what into the water? 794: Div into the water. Interviewer: And you'd say several children have 794: Div in the water Interviewer: But that child was too scared to 794: To dive. Interviewer: And if, if you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a 794: Uh what you call a belly a belly buster {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Did, did you ever 794: #1 Yeah, # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 794: yeah when I was a kid I did I was a little bit afraid to dive I'd heard that so many people diving into places and hitting their head against something another Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I heard of a man one time or a boy diving into a creek he's a high diver and he'd dive into any place full of water he'd see large enough to dive into he div into some creek at that had Cyprus trees on it and has these Cyprus knees down in in the creek and uh there happened to be two Cyprus knees close together and he div in and hit his head went between these Cyprus knees Interviewer: Mm. 794: And it closed up on his neck here and he stayed under there a long time and the people out on the bank kept knows said well said they're looking for him to come up way down yonder some of them dive a long way you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh they noticed the water a {X} bubbling Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He's getting his breath under there strangling and the water beginning to bubble and uh one or two dived in or after him but they couldn't find him but he finally put his hands against these Cyprus knees and he's that strong in his arm and stout enough 'til he pressed on them hard enough to pull his head out of it but he just peeled the hide off of his head on the sides thataway and I never was no hand to dive unless I knew what kind of place I was diving into. But I have knew people that went in swimming with people that dive maybe it'd go half as far as here down to that camp house before they'd ever come up could hold their breath that long but I never could do that. Interviewer: You'd say he got in the water and what across? 794: Yeah swim. Yeah di- get in the water and swim. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Some people can swim on their back. But I never could swim on my back. I could swim on my stomach or on my side but I never could swim on my back. But I have a cousin that's uh he could swim on his back or he could walk in water he could tread a little water with his feet and he could old his hands up thisaway and he'd just be going down the creek. Treading in the water. But I never did figure out how he did that. Interviewer: You'd say he got in the water and then he what #1 all the way? # 794: #2 yeah he # Peddled it with his feet all the way down. Interviewer: Or, or with his arms and legs he what 794: Well he'd take his arms and legs and he'd swim and he'd get on his back and uh he'd work his feet thataway and he'd take his hands and he'd work them thisaway Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and and he swam feet {D: foreman} foot {D: foreman} thataway but I never could do that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, talking about a child swimming, you'd say he, he got in the water and he what? 794: and and he swum. Interviewer: And several children have what in that creek, have 794: This what? Interviewer: #1 Several children have # 794: #2 Several # children swum in that creek yeah Interviewer: They, ever since they were small they have? 794: Well they they had swam but the way we used to do when we was going swimming was down here uh in Cedar, in Dugdemona where Cedar Creek runs into Dugdemona just above the mouth of Cedar where Cedar run into Dugdemona was a large deep hole it was about twelve fifteen foot deep and water and the large boys and the grown men they'd go in that deep water and they'd let the small boys go in the shallow part Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 794: #2 of the water. # And different holes of water some of them round close to that. and we'd swim in there and we'd dive in there and we'd finally get to ducking each other in there for devilment. and uh but I never did like that but for one time there's uh grown boy in there he'd he's bad about ducking the little boys and it uh a bunch of us little boys three or four of them got a hold of him and we'd go duck him and when they went down why I happened to be on the bottom and they all fell on top of me and I like to strangled before well I did strangle a little before I ever did get out Interviewer: Mm. 794: And I told them then I said this here di- ducking I said I don't want no more of it that's I'm through with it now and I never did duck anybody else thataway Interviewer: If someone got in the water and went all the way across you'd say he has what? 794: He swum. Swum across it. Interviewer: And if you don't know how to swim and you get in the water you could 794: Well sometimes you can float. Some people can float. Interviewer: But it, it's dangerous #1 to get in deep # 794: #2 oh it it's dangerous to get in water if you can't swim. # Interviewer: Because you might 794: You might drown. Interviewer: You'd say yesterday somebody 794: Drowned. Interviewer: And when they pulled him out he'd already 794: Almost drowned. When they when they pulled him out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if a child puts her head on the ground and rolls over she turns a 794: You mean out of the water? Interviewer: Out of the water. 794: Turns a somerset. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something, she'd say well I have to ask 794: So and so, ask my husband or my mother or my father or something thataway Interviewer: And if he was asking about her, he'd say I have to ask, if he's married he'd say I have to ask 794: Well if it's uh it's a woman she'll have to ask her husband Interviewer: And if it's a man? 794: It's a man, I'll ask my wife. Interviewer: Any joking ways you, you'd refer to your husband or your wife? 794: Yeah uh Any joking way you might say it's who devilment like and uh something funny funny joke and a course some tells dirty jokes. Interviewer: Well anything else you'd say besides anything else a woman would say besides my husband? Anything else you'd call him besides your husband? 794: A man. Interviewer: And what would he say? 794: My wife or my lady or the old lady Interviewer: Mm-kay. 794: And sometimes the woman calls me an old man. Interviewer: And a woman whose husband is dead, she's called a 794: Kinda hasting herself Interviewer: Huh? If her, if her husband is dead, she's called a? 794: Widow. Widow woman. Interviewer: What if he just left her? Then she'd be a 794: A grass widow. Interviewer: Did they have to be divorced to be a grass widow? 794: No. Interviewer: And your father and mother, together they'd be your? 794: Companion. Then no uh father and mother together Interviewer: Would be your 794: Father and my mother. Interviewer: Or your pa- 794: Let's see uh {NS} Well I've always called them my father and mother you see if they're living together Interviewer: Well, what's another name for father and mother? #1 They're you # 794: #2 Papa, mama. # Call them papa and mama. Some calls them father and some calls them mother calls some calls them papa and some calls them mama and it come some calls them daddy Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or together, both of them would be called your 794: Father and mother. Interviewer: Or you'd be their children, you and your brothers and sisters would be the children. 794: Children of my mother and father. Interviewer: And they'd be your 794: Father and mother. Interviewer: Or your pa- 794: My parents. Interviewer: What would your father's father be? He'd be 794: Grandfather. Interviewer: And his wife would be your? 794: Grandmother. Interviewer: What would you call them? 794: Grandma and grandpa. A grandmother and grandfather. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say I was the youngest of five 794: Five children. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides children? 794: Well in in a way they used to call them chaps. Interviewer: Do you hear that now? 794: No I don't ever hear that now. Interviewer: A name that a child is known by just in his family, you'd call that a what name? 794: Well would it be a nickname you'd call him or or call them by your mother's surname or your father's surname or Interviewer: Do you ever say a pet name or a basket name? 794: Pet name. Pet name. Interviewer: What would be a pet name? 794: Well it'd be honey or darling or dear Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. Interviewer: And something on wheels that you can put a baby in and it'll lie down? 794: Uh uh a cart cart it has wheels on it cradle has rockers on it. Interviewer: What does the cart look like? Does it have a hood over it? 794: Well uh uh some has a little hood over it like it'd carry them out in the sunshine little hood over it to cover its face or probably down to its waist here and with handles on it where you could push it like uh it has four wheels you see and handles only the handles up high you could push it walk behind it and push it like you would a wheelbarrow Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: Uh one of these rolling chairs like that Interviewer: If you have two children you might have a son and a 794: Daughter. Interviewer: Or a boy and a 794: A girl. Interviewer: And if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has, and the same shaped nose, you'd say that he 794: Taken after his father. Interviewer: What if he has the same mannerisms and the same behavior? You'd say he 794: Same disposition. Interviewer: And if a woman's looked after three children until they're grown, you'd say she has what three children? 794: Three good children. Interviewer: Or her husband died and she had to 794: Raise those children. She had to raise those three children. Interviewer: And if a child's misbehaving, you'd telling them if you do that again you're gonna get a 794: Well if he's misbehaving they call him uh a mean child or a child that disobeyed Interviewer: What would you say you were gonna do to him? #1 You're gonna # 794: #2 Whoop him. # Interviewer: Huh? 794: Or go to whoop him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else you'd say? You'd 794: Uh give him a striping. Interviewer: What's a striping? 794: Well that that's whooping him too that's whooping him hard with a switch you see leave the the the print of the switch on him or the they make your blood come to the top of the skin Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And make red streaks on his legs there where you hit him at Interviewer: What would you say you were gonna do to a small child? #1 You wouldn't # 794: #2 Paddle him. # Would paddle him spank him Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Spank him or paddle him. Interviewer: That's not as bad huh? 794: No that's not as bad. Course you can spank them hard enough until you blister them. The skin is tender you see and will blister them Interviewer: What would you say you'd done to them then? You'd given them a 794: I spank him too hard I blistered him. Interviewer: And if a woman's gonna have a baby you'd say that she's 794: She's uh pregnant. Interviewer: Did people use to use that word? When you were growing up? 794: Well some not so much mostly in the family way Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: In the family way. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any joking ways of saying that? 794: Well not much. Only and well she's getting large or something like that you know Interviewer: If you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby, the woman you could send for would be called a 794: Would call um kind of a a mother doctor or uh I forget what they call them now my mother she was she she's helped deliver several babies you know Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a granny woman or a midwife? 794: Do which? Interviewer: A granny woman or a midwife? 794: Yeah I've heard of a granny woman Yeah yeah granny woman yeah that's what they call the woman you see that uh that then bring babies you see them in place of a doctor granny woman yeah that's it yeah oh uh one of my cousins first cousin lives about a mile or two below here used to here that uh she's gonna bring birth to baby and they call her doctor and my mother went down there and this woman's husband's mother went and the doctor didn't get there and they brought the baby to birth had the woman too and uh and uh they wash the woman and wash the baby and and uh you know they a baby that they have a long navel skin you know and they cut the navel skin off and they wrapped that up and had it fixed up in first class shape and the doctor finally got there but it's all over with and he told them he says uh y'all are just as good a doctor as I was says you done as good work as I did yeah there's a lot of old women thataway that uh could just wait on a woman like uh a doctor could Interviewer: What would you call a child who was born to a woman who wasn't married? 794: Bastard. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use? 794: Yeah that that's what you call a bastard that uh that they wasn't married you see and some would call it a wood's colt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Wood's colt, and some called it a bastard. Interviewer: Which would you call it? 794: Well mostly a bastard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh what they meant a wood's colt that was just out a man outta them woods like cattle you see just like you've got cows out there and you've got several bulls out there {NS} and uh it's just liable to be either one of them you see Interviewer: A wood's colt you don't know who the father is? 794: Yeah don't know who the father is yeah Interviewer: Do you know if it's a bastard? Who the father 794: Yeah Yeah well uh uh you don't have to know for sure who the father is but if she's not married you know it's a bastard Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A woman who conducts school is called a? 794: One that teaches school? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Schoolteacher. Interviewer: Any old fashioned name for a woman teacher? 794: Well uh I have used old maids school teachers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That never did marry, you see. They call them the old maid. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say Jane is a loving child but Peggy is even what? Jane is loving but Peggy is even 794: A mean natured child mean disposition Interviewer: Or she's loving too, you'd say Jane is loving child but Peggy is even Would you say lovinger or more loving or 794: More loving. Interviewer: And your brother's son would be called your 794: Nephew. Interviewer: And a child whose parents are dead is called a 794: orphan child. Interviewer: And the person who's supposed to look after him is called his legal 794: father. Interviewer: Or legal guar- 794: Legal father or legal mother. Interviewer: And if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my 794: Nephews and nieces. Interviewer: What if it's your aunts and uncles and everybody, you'd say they're all my 794: Uncles and aunts nephews and nieces Interviewer: Or what would be just a general name for everyone like that? 794: Well uh Some called it a whole swarm of them Interviewer: A swarm of what? 794: Swarm of uncles and aunts nephews and nieces Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever call that folks or kin folks or relatives? 794: Yeah relatives some calls them relatives some calls them kin folks Interviewer: Which would you call them? 794: Well Both both of them relatives or kin folks either one mostly kin folks used to be the old {X} kin folks of course now uh you have so many different kin folks that they call them relatives Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me, but actually we're no 794: No kin or no uh don't favor or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: or not the same disposition Interviewer: What do you mean don't favor? 794: Well that means that uh you don't look alike you see in your face you probably you have uh uh uh uh different uh pulection {C: I think he means complexion} or you have uh a different disposition or your face Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some smiles and some don't some don't never smile some's friendly and some's not friendly some just sociable and some isn't sociable you see that means to help each other Interviewer: Uh-huh Someone who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before, you'd call him a 794: strangers. Interviewer: What if he came from a different country? 794: If he do what? Interviewer: If he came from a different country 794: Well uh it uh he's a stranger sure and he's uh he's not acquainted here Interviewer: Would you ever call him a foreigner? 794: Yeah call him a foreigner. When they're way off you see a different country countries call him a foreigner Interviewer: If, would the person have to come from a different country to be a foreigner? 794: Yeah. Yeah that's right. Interviewer: And, the name of a barrel maker, what'd they used to call a barrel maker? 794: Bureau makers? Interviewer: Barrel makers. 794: You mean embarrass people? Interviewer: No. No a big wooden barrel you know 794: Oh barrel Well I don't believe I know. Interviewer: Well, if someone's last name, did you ever hear the name Cooper or Cooper? 794: Cooper yeah Cooper. I've heard of people named Cooper. And there used to be a man here by the name of Cooper And there's a man name a Cup Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And there's a man name a Saucer. So uh there's some man uh this fellow Cup and Saucer they met up and there's some man that knew them both they didn't know each other but there's some man knew them both says uh he introduced them to each other says Mister Cup meet Mister Saucer {NW} {C: laughter} Interviewer: Talking about the name Cooper or Cooper, what would you call a married woman with that last name? If you were introducing her you'd say this is 794: Ms. Cooper. Interviewer: And 794: Or Ms. Cup ever which it was. Interviewer: Say a preacher that isn't very well trained just sort of preaches here and there and he's not very good at preaching, what might you call him? 794: Well some of them calls him jack legged preachers and some of them call them hen peck preachers Interviewer: What is how do they get 794: Hen pecked you know don't understand it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 They don't know much about it. # It's uh Interviewer: What does jack legged mean? 794: Well that's just uh fellow gets up there and talks mostly talks and don't know much about what he's doing what he's saying Interviewer: What else would you call a jack leg besides a preacher? 794: Well uh a lawyer some lawyers they're not much of a lawyer call him a jack legged lawyer Interviewer: What about a carpenter? 794: Well carpenters same way. Jack legged carpenter same way. and most uh any kind of work if he's uh not entirely into it you see they don't understand it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Just call him a kind of a jack legged like Interviewer: If you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he 794: Where was he borned at Interviewer: Or where does he what from? 794: Oh {X} what places he's from what uh parish or what state Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or what town. Interviewer: And you'd say, he what here on the train last night? He 794: Well he came in here from another state on the on the train from another state last night he's uh a stranger you call him a stranger like Interviewer: And you'd say, he has what to this town? He has 794: Well you'd call him a kind of a stranger to town or a new person to the town Interviewer: You'd say this is the first time #1 that he's ever # 794: #2 first time # First time he's ever been here. Interviewer: Or this is the first time that he's ever what here? 794: Eh Ever been to ever got to been to at this town or ever arrived at this town Interviewer: Or talking about him coming, you'd say that this is the first 794: first time he's ever come. Interviewer: And you'd say um if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers, you'd say last night we had a 794: Frost. Interviewer: What if it's harder than that? 794: Yeah we had had a frost last night. Sometimes a light frost sometimes a heavy frost that's uh if it's uh dry weather Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: and it's a light frost it don't hurt much. But uh if it's a heavy frost in dry weather i- i- it damages right smart but if it's a a wet frost and and uh hard frost it kills stuff completely they don't come out. Interviewer: What's worse than a hard frost? When it gets even colder than that? 794: Well uh uh I don't know of any kind of weather that's worse except a hail Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A hail now come and sleet or snow either one and comes a hard freeze on that course snow's not as bad as sleet or hail hail's the worst of all Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: If it hails hard enough it'll sometimes it's large enough the hail sometimes it's small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: But if it's uh either one of them's bad but the large hail is a whole lot worse than the small hail is and if it comes a big sleet and then a freeze on it why that'll kill most any kind of vegetable Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say that it was so cold last night that the pipes 794: Frozen Interviewer: #1 And they # 794: #2 pipes frozen. # Interviewer: And 794: And bursted. Interviewer: And you'd say I was gonna wrap them but they already 794: Already bursted and uh and uh and I I can't a wrap wrapping won't do any good cause I'll have to get a plumber you see and take this pipe out and put new pipe in Interviewer: Cause the wa- they, the water had already 794: Frozen. In the pipes. Interviewer: And you'd say if it gets much colder the pipes might 794: Burst. Freeze and burst. Interviewer: And you'd say he wasn't actually gonna hit his little brother but he doubled up his fist and he 794: Well he Interviewer: He what he was gonna hit him? 794: What he's goed made out like he's goed to hit him or if he did hit him he just hit him to make him behave hisself or through devilment or fun or something or or maybe he got a little mad and and he wouldn't intend to hit him but he hit him kinda accident like Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, the name of the mother of Jesus 794: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington' wife? 794: I believe I've forgotten what George Washington's wife was but Jesus' mother was uh was Mary. Interviewer: Do you remember in the Bible, the who the sisters of Lazarus were? One was named Mary and the other was named? The sisters of Lazarus. 794: No I don't remember. Interviewer: What's a girl's name that starts with an M? 794: Starts with a M? Mother or Mary Interviewer: Or 794: Mother or Mary. Interviewer: Or what about Mar-? 794: Martha well Martha starts with a M too Interviewer: You remember a song that started off wait 'til the sun shines 794: Went to the sunshine? Interviewer: Wait 'til the 794: Wait until the sunshine Yeah oh I've heard that song But it's been so long for {NS} 'til I, 'til I've forgotten it. I used to know lots of songs And used to be a pretty good singer Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Used to lead the singing. in the church. and uh but uh I just got out of practice I don't lead any singing now at all and uh I never did read the Bible no big lot Interviewer: What's the um, you remember the song, it's about Aunt Dinah's quilting party? 794: I don't believe I do. Interviewer: What the name of the girl in that one was? 794: I don't believe I ever heard that one. Interviewer: And in the Bible, the first book in the New Testament is called? The first of the four gospels. 794: I don't believe I know. Interviewer: It's Matt- 794: Which? Interviewer: The others are Mark, Luke and John? 794: Mark and John and uh Luke Interviewer: And the first one is Matt-? 794: Mm-hmm. Mark, John, and Luke. Joseph. Interviewer: What about Matt-? 794: I don't believe I understand that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of Matthew? 794: Matthew yeah Matthew a-huh. Luke John and Matthew Interviewer: What was the name of the wife of Abraham? 794: Abraham Lincoln? Interviewer: Or in the Bible. 794: I don't remember. Interviewer: What's a girl's name that starts with an S? 794: That done what? Interviewer: That starts with an S? 794: S? {NS} Sarah. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Wasn't Sarah was it? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a boy who's nickname is Bill, his full name would be? 794: Believe you got me there. Interviewer: Or his nickname is Will 794: Will and they and called him Bill Interviewer: Or what's his full name? Will is short for 794: Well a lot of people that they call Will his name's Will eh- for short name they call him Bill Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: It's just like uh Robert some people named Robert and they call him Bob you see it's a shorter name thataway Interviewer: Well what, sometimes, someone named Will that's just a short name, that's just a nickname, what's that short for? 794: Well I don't know except just a easier name to call you see just like Will or Bill or William Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: or Bill. Interviewer: If you father had a brother by that name, what would you call him? 794: Well I'd call him uncle Will. Interviewer: And President Kennedy's first name was? 794: Kennedy well it was several of the Kennedy's you see Interviewer: Or in the Bible, there's Matthew, Mark, Luke and 794: Yeah Interviewer: And what? 794: Matthew Mark and Luke and um I don't believe I know the other one. Interviewer: And, what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 794: Your mother's sister? She'd be your aunt. Interviewer: And, the highest rank in the Army. 794: A General. Interviewer: What's beneath a General? 794: Well that's uh {NS} One of the head men the main ones in the Army the general Interviewer: You know the, the Kentucky Fried Chicken place? 794: Do which? Interviewer: You know the Kentucky Fried Chicken place? 794: No. No don't believe. Interviewer: You never, there's one here in the Winnfield. You never? 794: I don't believe I do. Interviewer: What else do they have in the Army beside the General? 794: Oh uh Sergeant Captain that there's on the ships and uh Interviewer: What about a Ker-? 794: Which? Interviewer: Kern- 794: I don't know about that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a colonel? 794: Yeah a Colonel a General or Colonel Interviewer: And the person who presides over the court is called a? 794: I don't believe I know Interviewer: Well in town, the person who presides over the court is the county 794: Oh the county agent or the judge the district attorney Interviewer: And a person who goes to school is called a? 794: The uh principal Interviewer: or 794: Oh uh you mean the mean man at school that's principal th- the child is the one that goes to school is a scholar Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you say if, would you still call them a scholar if they were in college or high school? 794: Well I suppose they'd call it a high school student Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a woman who works in an office and does the typing and so forth, she's called a 794: Type writer. Interviewer: Or a sec- 794: Type writer I believe. Interviewer: Or or what else could you call a woman who who works in an office and answers the phone and types and {X} 794: Secretary Interviewer: And a man on the stage would be an actor. A woman would be a? 794: Would be more active or Interviewer: Or he would be called an actor, if he's in plays or movies 794: Yeah called active. Interviewer: What would you call a woman who's in plays or in movies? 794: Well I don't know unless you called her assistant actor I don't believe I know. Interviewer: And if you're born in the United States, you say that you're a 794: You're a citizen of the United States Interviewer: You're not a foreigner 794: You're not a foreigner, no. Interviewer: You're a what? 794: You're a You're not a foreign but you a citizen of the United States and you was born and raised in the United States well that's still you'd be a citizen Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say, you'd say the United States of 794: State of Louisiana. Interviewer: What's the full name for the, the USA? The United States of 794: America. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what different names were there for black people? 794: Well they used to call them niggers. Niggers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But uh they don't like a long time ago that's all their name was ever called but now they're kinda mixed of people black people and white together uh uh like to be called black, they don't like to be called a nigger at all Interviewer: What's the correct name for the race? 794: Well niggers nigger race that's all I ever ever called a correct name you see. it's a it's a black race but they call them niggers Interviewer: Would you ever call it negro? 794: Negro yeah negro in place of a nigger. Now that's that's what they are the correct name a negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any joking names or insulting names that people used to have? 794: Well Yes. What you call a nickname joking name thataway there's a kind of a nickname but uh you don't hear that much now they uh they generally call them the main name you see sometimes they call them their full name just like mine George {B} but they mostly call me {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And when I worked in a place they generally just put down my initials call me G M Interviewer: What would you say your race is? 794: A white race. Interviewer: Any other names for white? 794: Well no not only uh American uh Interviewer: only what? 794: American or I believe uh we call it English people I believe Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: the English American people Interviewer: Is that where your people came from? England or? 794: No no. But I don't know why they call them England There because way back yonder they called them English English people no uh my people now on my father's side my grandfather he came from Cincinnati Ohio Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And my mother on my father's side she's she was born here this is her native home. And my grandfather and my grandmother on my mother's side their native home is in Alabama. Mobile Alabama. That's where they came from. Interviewer: What would you call a child that, one parent is black and the other is white? 794: Well you'd call it mix breed half nigger and half white Interviewer: And what did blacks used to call the man that they'd work for? 794: call him a master or captain Interviewer: What would you call the French people down south of here? 794: Well We called them a southern people southern people and some calls them the French people Interviewer: Any joking names for them? 794: Well I not that I know of I suppose though that there is. Interviewer: Did you ever hear coon? 794: Yeah coons yeah that's right Call them coons too. Interviewer: What's that, the? 794: Well I don't know But it's it's uh it's uh French people that uh they call it's a nationality a people that is and some of them calls them coons course that's a nickname a coon is Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called coonass? 794: Yeah Coonass too Yeah Interviewer: How does that sound? 794: Well it sounds kinda ugly to me Interviewer: What would you call white people that you look down on, they don't want to work, #1 they're too lazy? # 794: #2 No count people. # Kind of no count people or or trash. Interviewer: What would blacks call whites that they don't like? 794: Well uh I really don't know but uh you see way back down there at the blacks they was afraid they say anything out of the way or in a hard way name for the white people you see for you see they they they black people they came here at this this country for slaves they used to be slaves you see for the white people and uh course they called them slaves then Interviewer: What would you call someone who lives out in the country, and he doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town you can tell right off that he comes from way out in the country. 794: uh he he don't know what to do he's kindly ignorant like he's uh Interviewer: You'd call him a what? 794: Well some calls him kind of a country nigger and some called him ignorant Interviewer: What would you call a white person like that? 794: Well kind of out in the country it uh it didn't know much or wasn't acquainted with it he's uh some people they'd call him ignorant Interviewer: Do you ever call him a, a hillbilly or 794: #1 Some called him # Interviewer: #2 a Hoosier? # 794: a hillbilly yeah kind of a hillbilly like Interviewer: And if you were at a party and you looked at your watch and you saw that it was about eleven thirty or so you'd say well we'd better be getting home it's what? 794: About dinner time or Interviewer: or 794: Twelve o'clock or dinner time or noon time Interviewer: It's not dinner time yet but it's 794: Soon will be. Interviewer: And you'd say that ice is hard to walk on, I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I 794: Slid. Interviewer: and I like 794: Like to fell. Interviewer: And if someone's waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere, and they call out and ask if you'll be ready soon. You'll say I'll be with you in 794: Just a few minutes. Interviewer: And if you know you're on the right road but you're not sure the distance, you could ask somebody 794: Ask somebody the distance Interviewer: You ask them how 794: How far. Interviewer: And if you're pointing out something nearby you'd tell someone now just 794: That's what I want or what I need. Interviewer: Do you ever say lookit or looky here? 794: Yeah say looky here this is what I want Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd, a child might say Sue um Susie's dress is pretty but mine is even 794: Prettier. Interviewer: And if I ask you um, when are y'all going to Alexandria? You might say well right now we're 794: Ready. Interviewer: Or we're what to go? 794: Ready to go or will soon be ready to go. Interviewer: Do you ever say we're aiming to go now? 794: Aiming to go. Tomorrow. or this afternoon. Interviewer: What about fixing? 794: This which? Interviewer: Fixing? 794: Fixing we're fixing to go Interviewer: Does fixing mean, if you're fixing to go are you gonna go right now or? 794: Right away. {NS} {NS} {C:Door shutting} aux: {X} {C: yelling at the dog} Interviewer: And aux: {X} {C: talking to someone outside the house} Interviewer: You'd say this part of your head is called your 794: Forehead. or your farhead some call it your farhead Interviewer: Well 794: {X} And some called it your forehead. Interviewer: What would you call it? 794: Well I'd call it my forehead. Interviewer: And you'd say this is your? 794: My hair. Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a? 794: The the the cheek Interviewer: Or he'd be growing a 794: Oh a beard. Interviewer: And this is my? 794: My my hair Interviewer: Or what you hear out of? 794: Oh my ear Interviewer: Which one? 794: uh the left one Interviewer: Huh? 794: The left ear. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Right ear my deaf ear. Interviewer: You can't hear out of that at all? 794: Can't hear out of it at all. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Mouth. Interviewer: And this is the 794: Throat. Interviewer: Or the whole thing is the? 794: Your neck. Interviewer: What about goozle? 794: Well uh that's your goozle, that's down there this part that's your goozle. Interviewer: Is that what sticks out or what you 794: Yeah it's your goozle sticks out. and uh sometimes it uh eh- eh- eh- if you get choked or strangled Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well that's your goozle causes that Interviewer: But what does your goozle do? 794: Well it mostly in a way it braces you braces your neck and braces your head and uh Interviewer: Is that the same as the Adam's apple? 794: Well I suppose it is it {X} it protects you neck too you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Goozle does. Interviewer: And these are the? 794: Your teeth. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: One tooth. Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth is the? 794: The gums. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: Hand. Interviewer: Two? 794: Hand both hands. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people calling it anything else? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What? 794: Well uh the pan some calls it pan some calls it the palm Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The palm of your hand. Interviewer: And this is one 794: Fist. Interviewer: Two? 794: Both fist. Interviewer: And the place where the bones come together is called a? 794: Joint. Interviewer: And on a man this is his? 794: Chest. Interviewer: And these are the? 794: Shoulders. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Knee. Interviewer: Or the whole thing? 794: The whole uh leg. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: Foot. Interviewer: And you have two? 794: Feet. Interviewer: And say if you get down in this position you say you 794: On your well you're hunkered you're hunkered down Interviewer: What's your hunkers? 794: Well that's your that's your legs your joint Your legs and your joint both and you bend them down you call it hunkered down you see and it's not like bending down and getting on your knees you see it's just standing on your feet and your legs together just kinda hunkered down like that Interviewer: If a child wants to hide from you he might go behind the couch and 794: Yeah. Or the door or something and hide thataway. Interviewer: And what? 794: Kind of drop its head down or hunker down either one. Interviewer: Do you ever say crouch? 794: #1 Crouch? # Interviewer: #2 Or squat down? # 794: Yes squat I've heard it said squat down Squat that's about the same as hunker Interviewer: What about crouch? 794: #1 Crouch. # Interviewer: #2 Would you say that? # 794: No I never did say that I've always hunkered or uh Interviewer: or squat 794: or squat. Interviewer: What's this sensitive bone here? 794: The shin. Shin of your leg. Interviewer: Say someone had been sick for a while, you'd say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit? 794: Overbalanced. Or toddles or Interviewer: Or if he's been sick 794: Stag staggered if he'd been sick Interviewer: He looks a little 794: He looks a little pale yet. Or weakling. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Someone who's in good shape, he's big and? 794: Big and fat. Fleshened up or Interviewer: He's not weak he 794: Not weak he's strong. Interviewer: What about stout? You'd mentioned that word before, what? 794: Well he's stout or strong that's about the same thing. Interviewer: Would you ever hear the word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that's turning bad? 794: Don't believe. Interviewer: And someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper, you'd say he's? 794: He he's uh a smooth tempered smooth tempered Interviewer: And someone who's always, a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs 794: Slender. Tall and slender. Interviewer: What if he's always stumbling and dropping things? 794: Well he he he he's clumsy and and helpless Interviewer: And a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense, you'd say he's just a plain 794: Well that's uh He don't do something that doesn't mean anything that's uh a kind of uncalled for work or Interviewer: Would you ever call him a fool? 794: Yeah call him a fool like. Ignorant. Or fool like. Interviewer: Does fool sound alright to say? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call a person who has a lot of money but really hangs onto his money? 794: Well uh That's a rich man it's uh he he he's uh just uh a selfish kind of a person. and just looks out for hisself and uh he don't care for the other fellow at all Interviewer: Or you'd say he's really a, a what? 794: Rich man. Interviewer: Do you ever call him a tight wad or? 794: Well yeah uh call it a tight wad yeah he won't help anybody else give anybody anything or help them in any way he's a he's a tight wad Interviewer: Uh-huh. When you say a person is common, what does that mean? 794: Common? Well that's a person that isn't stuck up or thinks he's better than other people or feels independent Interviewer: You'd say he's just a? 794: Just a common person. Interviewer: What if you say that a girl is common, what would that mean? 794: Well that means that she is not herself a stylish person and just uh a plain person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh Good disposition person. Interviewer: What would you say about an older person, who still has a lot of energy does all his work and gets around real well? You'd say for his age he's awfully 794: Well he he he's awful {X} to his age and active Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And gets around good has good use of hisself Interviewer: Say 794: Course that means me you know {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Say if your children are out later than usual, you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but, still I can't help feeling a little? 794: Strange about it. Interviewer: Or you wouldn't feel easy, you'd say you felt a little? 794: Painful or a little hard about it or Interviewer: And someone else would say well they'll be home alright, just don't 794: Don't worry. Just don't worry about them. Interviewer: And a child might say I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark, I'm 794: Brave or not a scared. and I'll I'll go ahead and not worry about me. Interviewer: Or, or another child who refused to go upstairs you'd say the child was 794: Kinda scared or not scared Interviewer: And you'd say I don't see why she's scared now, she 794: Used to Used to not be scared used to go places thataway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And someone that leaves a lot of money on the table then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door. You'd say he's mighty 794: Mighty free-hearted or Interviewer: Or he shouldn't be so 794: So close or so uh stingy. Interviewer: Or if he just leaves his money lying out to 794: Oh uh well he he he wouldn't be uh he wouldn't be afraid of anyone a bothering it or had uh a lot of confidence in the people. Interviewer: But if if you don't think he should be like that you'd tell him you, you shouldn't be so, someone could come in and steal it you shouldn't be so 794: Particular about it. or uh Afraid that uh he'd take something that don't belong to him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And say if um, if a child was taking a test in arithmetic and, and he under, he made a bad grade on it, you'd say well, well he 794: He failed on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. He understood what he was doing but with his addition he was just too, if he made so many mistakes you'd say he was just too 794: Just too weak on it or Interviewer: #1 Or he didn't check it over, he was too # 794: #2 Not, didn't check it over. # Or not qualified for it. Interviewer: Do you ever call him care? 794: This which? Interviewer: Careless? 794: Careless. We'd call it careless you see or neglected it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And say if you were taking a trip somewhere and you had small children in the car and they were asking you when they were going to get there and how long it was going to take and you might tell them now just calm down we'll be there 794: Later on or as quick as we can get there or sooner. Interviewer: Do you ever say by and by? 794: By and by yeah we'll be there by and by. Interviewer: And you'd say there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lindsay, but sometimes she acts kind of 794: That's just which? Interviewer: You'd say there's nothing really wrong with her but sometimes she acts kind of 794: Kinda funny somewhere or #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 what # 794: little different or off a little Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: way or the other. Interviewer: What's another way of saying that? She acts a little 794: Careless or Interviewer: Do you ever say queer or quar? 794: Or a little queer about it acts a little queer about it Interviewer: What does that mean? 794: Well that is uh if she don't care don't care whether she learns it or not. Interviewer: Has that word 794: That's kind of queer you see about it. Interviewer: Has that word changed meanings in the past few years? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Has the word queer changed meaning in the past few? 794: Yeah yeah it uh you can tell it it's changed eh it it uh not so queer like you used to be and sometimes it's still queer thataway Interviewer: When someone says queer nowadays, when someone uses the word queer, does it mean the same thing that it used to mean? 794: Well yes it'd be the same thing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 {X} # Same thing. Interviewer: Someone who makes up his own mind and then you can't argue with him, he's gonna do things his way he's not gonna listen?