Interviewer: Your name? Aux: Nice she wanna know your name you gotta talk louder. hear in one ear 794: yeah I can my hearing's bad in there. Interviewer: Um, your name? Aux: yeah 794: uh George {B} Interviewer: And your address? {B} Is this part of {B} right here? This community is 794: Well uh You see I'm uh {X} I'm, I'm about six miles {B} See, six miles south of {B} Interviewer: And the name of this parish and state 794: {B} State {B} Interviewer: And where were you born? 794: I was born here in {B} Here in the state of {B} Interviewer: Right 794: Right here, yeah, right here, mm-hmm. Right here six miles south of {B}. Yeah, you might say in the Corinth community Interviewer: uh-huh That's Corinth Church? 794: uh Corinth Church uh-huh. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: And how old are you? 794: I'm uh seventy-seven. Interviewer: And your religion? 794: Baptist. Interviewer: And tell me about what you were just telling me about the kind of work you've done? 794: Well, I done farm work. I've uh worked with stock. I did cattle and hauled all kind of stock, you see. Raised stock, I raised stock. And I did some old field work {NS} And I {X} Some at El Dorado and some at uh at Pine Island Interviewer: How long did you work there? 794: Well uh {NW} I worked at uh I did work at El Dorado, but just a few days. Um I worked at uh Pine Island about thirty days. About thirty days all I worked there. Interviewer: That's near Shreveport? 794: Yeah. And uh, I done timber work. Interviewer: Where did you do the timber work? 794: Well uh, I, I did timber work all around in here, some government land and company lands. I've uh did all kind of timber work. I've made staves, I made bowls. I've cracked logs. Cracked telephone poles. And I've cracked wood. Might say all kinds of timber work. Interviewer: Here in Winn Parish? 794: Yeah here in Winn Parish. {NW} And I've done a lot of road work. I build roads, maintain roads and uh I've uh girdered timber. I've planted trees, transplanted, and all the other planters. Transplanting trees- Interviewer: What do you mean? 794: Pine trees, for the Tree Bought Lumber Company Interviewer: What do you mean you, grow, timber? 794: Yeah, Pine timber, you see, uh You see, where there wasn't any timber, land that didn't have any timber on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: You see these companies, and the government too, has planted them, you see, uh, transplanted them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh {NW} I rode a planter behind a tractor. And, uh, and transplanted trees. See we put the trees {NS} near six foot apart as we could get them. And, and about six row Six foot rows. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh, I did carpenter work, I did painting. And uh, Where the company had houses built on low land water run under them. I, I dig {X} drain the water out and some of them I had to have dirt hole and put under there. All round it You know, make a slope and all for it. And I worked in {X}, all kind of {X}. Uh. Interviewer: All right here in this parish? 794: Yeah, over in this parish, yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: Just a second. Tell me um 794: And that's about That's about all the kind of work I guess that I done. Interviewer: Tell me about your education, starting with the name of the first school you went to? 794: Well, the first school that I went to was, well all the school I went to was here in Corinth. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Corinth schools, yeah, all that I went to. And uh, that's the only place I went to school to and I got up to the eighth grade. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was that as far as this school went? 794: Yeah that's as far as the school went. Interviewer: Do you do much reading or? 794: I don't now. I used to but I don't now. Interviewer: What did you read? What sort of things? 794: Well uh, I, I'd read my, some my After I quit school I still read my school books some. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And I'd read papers. But uh, for the last thirty year or more than that I haven't read but very little. Very little reading that I've done. You see I work all the time and I don't have time reading {X}. It's hard when I come in Interviewer: {NW} 794: every night, why I don't feel like reading. I generally go to bed pretty early. Interviewer: Do you, what sort of work do you do now? 794: Well I don't do anything except uh Uh, uh, a little uh, a little farming, just raising truck farming a little, course I don't sell no stuff. Just uh truck farming, first sales, uh I raise corn potatoes all kind of vegetables. And uh, that's about all that I that I do now. Interviewer: Have you been able to get much done, with, this year with 794: Well, this year I haven't, it's rained so much. Tell uh, I've had to do some my work over been a hard matter to get stuff to come up here {X} go on and we've had to {NS} uh pack the second time to see some things. and uh So I've had to do a lot of the work over, do it over you see it uh had rain and stuff wouldn't come up and I'd have to replant uh plant it over and uh I set out potatoes I I raise Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, and tomatoes, onions, peas, beans and all such as that you see. All, all kinds of them. {NW} Interviewer: Have you done much traveling? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Have you done very much traveling? 794: Well, uh. When I used to work for the state I did. For a while, now, when I first went to work for the state back in thirty-five, thirty-five and thirty-six I did road work. And they transferred me in the sign department Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I did carpenter work. And then I painted. And then I uh for a while, I, I went on the road repairing signs. I went all, all over the whole uh, precinct, you see, all all over the territory, all over the district, I mean to say. Over Winn, Grant, La Salle, {D: Natchitoches and Sabine} parish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I did that for two or three years. Interviewer: How long would you be gone at one time? 794: Well, I stayed home every night, just that day you see I'd be gone the day. and uh We'd, when we'd go over in Sabine parish and repair signs but we'd come back to the highway barn you see we Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: We worked ten hours then. And we'd be back by the highway barn at uh when that ten hours is up. And I stayed home every night, I did. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: Didn't stay away from home at all. And uh, I traveled more then on working than I have any other job. Except of course now I traveled right smart when I was working for the Tree Mark Lumber Company. When I was building roads uh but uh I'd work in Jackson parish, Winn parish, Natchitoches, Grant parish, and the La Salle parish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And I'd do some traveling then. But I did more traveling when I was working for the state than I did for the Company. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you been very active in church or clubs or different organizations? 794: No Ma'am. Interviewer: Were you ever in the Army or anything? 794: No. Never was in the Army. Uh, I just missed World War one, seven days. I was ready just to go, ready to go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it was over seven days before my time to go. Interviewer: Tell me about your parents, where they were born and 794: Well my father, he he uh mother they was, they was born here. And uh, he farmed. Interviewer: They were born in Winfield? 794: Yeah {X} Yeah, right here at uh Well Right at the same place I was he was course it was about a mile back over thisaway About six miles in Winnfield. And uh my mother was borned uh She was born in Winn parish too but she was borned about twelve miles south of here. Uh she was about fif- fifteen, eighteen miles Winfield, south Winfield Interviewer: What was the name of the community? 794: Well it- it was um Zion community where she was born. Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: Has the Zion church about eight or nine miles south of here. Interviewer: How much education did your parents have? 794: Well, I really don't know, uh I don't know how far, far they got I don't think though that he got over the seventh grade Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. And I don't really know how far my mother got. She didn't get to go to school much. Interviewer: What was your mother's maiden name? 794: Oh um Guin Guin, her maiden name, G-U-I-N. Guin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did both your parents farm all their lives? 794: Yeah, both farmed all their lives. Course my father, he worked in timber, That is uh did hauling, he didn't uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: do any cutting timber, and it was like that, to mount anything. He mostly did hauling, he kept teams all the time and he hauled and he farmed and he raised, raised stock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cattle and hogs, that's about all he did. Except uh, Helped building ra- uh doing dirt, dirt work and all building this railroad over here he helped do that. Interviewer: Tell me about your grandparents on your mother's side? 794: Well uh He farmed and raised stock. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's all he did, just farm and raise stock. Interviewer: Where was he born? 794: Well, he, he was borned in Alabama Mobile, Alabama. Interviewer: Uh-huh. When did he come here? 794: Well I don't know what when it, what year it was he came here but he came here when my mother was um about six years old. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh Interviewer: So your mother was born in Mobile? 794: Huh? Interviewer: So your mother was born in Mobile? 794: Yeah she was borned in Mobile yeah. But she was mostly raised here you see. Interviewer: What about your grandmother on your mother's side? 794: Well uh, her name was Moore. And uh she was raised in {X} in Mobile, Alabama. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Do you know how far your grandparents got in school? 794: No I really don't. Sure don't. Not very far I don't suppose so. Interviewer: Where did your mother's people come from? What, what kind of name is, is that? 794: You mean where they came from? Interviewer: Before they, they were in Alabama, you know? 794: No, uh, no I don't. I just know that they came from Mobile, Alabama. And uh that's that's all I know about course uh their people now she had {X} um uh grandfather had some brothers Uh his folks is nearly down but I never did see them I don't know anything about them. Only I heard of um Of one of his brothers older than him uh Raz Guin and uh during the old uh I guess it's Spanish-American war. He was too old to go and you know back them days ain't no one too old to go uh the other sider was fighting you see they'd kill them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they killed him. Interviewer: Mm. 794: They they they uh staked him down. Straightened him out on his back and staked his hands down and his feet and drove on ways down the slope and killed him. And now that that's cruel sure enough. Course these last few wars you know, World Wars such as that people too old to go they didn't do 'em thataway Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But back in those days they did. Interviewer: Tell me about your grandparents on your father's side. 794: Well uh my grandfather on my father's side he farmed, raised stock, and uh he had mills. He had saw mills, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: he sawed lumber, and he had a gin. A gin cotton. And a grist mill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He ground corn, corn meal you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And he he did all of that. Interviewer: Where was he born? 794: Well uh he was borned in Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And he came to this country when he's about sixteen years old. And he stayed here the rest of his days uh oh uh He was ninety Ninety years and six months old when he passed away. Interviewer: What was his name? 794: Jim Dalby. Jim Dalby. Long. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You're kin to Huey Long. 794: Yeah. Kin sure am, according to Huey. Interviewer: Which What 794: But now Huey's grandfather and my grandfather was brothers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And so that made uh Huey and myself about third cousins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Huey and Earl George Shannon George Shannon. He was a tooth dentist. And uh he was uh He was a Representative. No he's a senator. He's a, uh senator. Uh when he passed away. And Earl he was governor And Huey was governor first and then he was uh uh He was a senator too. He just kept going on up you see. Interviewer: Did Huey's grandfather come from Cincinnati too? 794: No uh he was he was uh Yeah yeah his grandfather came from Cincinnati too. Uh they was um My grandfather his name is Jimmy Jim and uh Huey's grandfather's named John. And there was four of them and a one named Charles Long Now that was some folks along over here east of us. Doug DeMorning Course a whole bunch of them Morris and John and a whole bunch of them that way Jim Parker. Whole bunch and then the other one was named Mike. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: {NS} Mike Long {NS}. He was uh uh lived about a mile back over this way he raised a pretty good sized family too. But uh They all done passed away {NS} you know and {X} to he had one daughter she lives about uh half a mile back over here and and has one brother and one son. It uh it's in Texas. Mostly though the folks that's all all gone now. Oh um I believe I'm the uh besides uh Uncle Mike's daughter Mrs. Roxy Doris over here she's eighty- five, isn't it eighty-five. Besides her and then she has her brother he's about eighty- one or two. And I'm the next oldest Long is a living. Interviewer: Did you know Huey when you were growing up? 794: Do which? Interviewer: #1 Did you know him? # 794: #2 Hu-? # Interviewer: Did you see him very much? 794: You mean uh Huey or- or Mike? Interviewer: Huey. 794: Huey yeah yeah Huey's raised right there in Winnfield yeah I saw him when he was a boy uh he was a lawyer at first and then he was railroad commissioner. And then he was governor And he just kept building on up you know. Uh. Interviewer: Did you work with him? Did you you help him campaign or 794: No well uh I didn't him but I did Earl I helped Earl campaign. Uh, but that's the only one that I did. Interviewer: Tell me about your um, grandmother on your father's side. Where was she 794: Well uh she was borned and raised here. Uh she was a Pupils. Interviewer: In Winnfield? 794: Well uh No she was raised out here in the country here out here in the Corinth community Interviewer: She was a 794: She was a Pupils. Oh uh Eleanor Eleanor Pupils Interviewer: P-U-? 794: P-U I can't spell it myself now uh Mr. Harley Boseman Heck's brother, he he could spell it but I, I can't. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: P-U-P P-U-P, P, let's see, Aux: Peoples 794: Pupils P-U Aux: Peoples, P-E-O-P-L-E-S, I think. 794: No, it's a silent letter to it. Mr. Harley Boseman he could spell it but but I I never could spell it. I don't know just how it's spelled. But now uh Now Heck, he he can tell you he he can spell it. See he's got a good education and he used to be post master here at Winnfield Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh he can spell it {NS} Interviewer: How much your education did your grandparents on your father's side have? 794: Well He didn't get my say any Um my grandfather on my father's side poor fella he couldn't even write his name. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: So after I got to logging you know I I he'd want anything signed I I'd write his name for him. He couldn't read or write but he had plenty of brains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He is a sensible man and he could do most any kind of business and you could figure he used to raise a lot of cotton it wasn't on Winnfield it wasn't here then. They carried the cotton to Eddie Sanders. And he sold it to a fellow named uh Bolder down there and Mr. Bolder and he figured up how much it'd come to and he'd tell my grandfather how much it'd came to let me get you some more water. and he'd tell my grandfather how much it'd came to {NS} and my grandfather'd say just wait just a few minutes. Grandfather's step out of the store and he'd figure it up in his head and he'd tell him just exactly what it was. {NW} Interviewer: Did your grandmother on your father's side have much education? 794: No she didn't have much education. Interviewer: Could she read and write? 794: Well she could read some but I don't think she ever did write oh she'd write a little but not very much {NS} Interviewer: Um 794: No you know back in those days sure you'd get to you didn't get to go to school much they worked all the time everybody farmed and uh so uh they kept them busy might say the year around. To keep the place up and uh And uh and uh everybody raised stock most everybody did and uh it always Course you didn't have Jersey cows then to milk you just had woods cows and with a big family maybe you'd milk six or seven head of cows Interviewer: What do you mean woods 794: Huh? Interviewer: What kind of cows? 794: Uh well just uh might say uh a common cow just woods cows Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: They didn't have Jersey cows like they do now and get {X} stood up you know and fed and give lots of milk. They'd just let the cow go in the woods and and then milk them of course now in the wintertime they'd feed them a little. But they didn't feed them dairy feed they didn't have any dairy feed then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They'd feed them cotton seed and nubbins of corn and silks hay and stuff like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Tell me about your wife, how, how old 794: Which? Interviewer: Your wife, how old is she and 794: She's uh Aux: six or {NW} 794: Seventy Aux: Six or seven. 794: Sixty-seven. Aux: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where was she born? Aux: Uh in Catahoula Parish. Yeah. 794: She can tell you more about that than I can. Interviewer: Catahoula Parish Aux: Uh-huh. Catahoula parish at Archie, Louisiana. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What was your maiden name? Aux: Uh, Smith. Interviewer: Where were your parents born? Aux: Uh, Catahoula Parish. Interviewer: You know about before that? Aux: Huh? Interviewer: You know going further back than that? Aux: No I don't know anything about my grandparents or anything Just about you know mother and daddy. And my mother died when I was four years old you see. And um, I don't, I don't remember her too well. Interviewer: How far did you get in school? Aux: Tenth Interviewer: Tenth grade? Aux: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And you a Baptist too? Aux: Baptist, uh-huh. We go up here to Corinth church. Interviewer: Um, tell me how, what Winfield was like when you were growing up? 794: Well, it was, it was a small town. It wasn't but uh two or three stores Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh There wasn't very many people lived back then and uh it was a town that uh it that had a lot of shade trees big oak trees, shade trees around it and uh people would go up to town in wagons you know and some of them had buggies but mostly wagons and uh they'd ride their their horses up to these shade trees and tie them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: round under these shade trees and uh people would uh there weren't any cafes in town then and they'd carry their, their lunch with them and eat dinner in their wagons and buggies. Out on these shade trees there. Interviewer: Could you get just about everything you needed at Winnfield? 794: Well uh In the old days you could get most everything you need. Course it's uh They just had the grocery store they didn't have any drug store there for years and years Just drug, or drug stores and uh dry good stores and uh after so long they finally put hardware stores in there. Interviewer: If you needed something from a hardware store where would you go? Well You- you could go there at uh Winnfield they had uh they had one store there, People's hardware at the you could get most any kind of plow tools or you could get wagons and buggies harness anything like that get most any kind of plow tools you wanted. and uh saddles, bridles, saddle blankets and all such as that. Anything that you need there for horses, for the ride, or to work your wagon or to plow you {D: worn}. Mm-hmm. What was the biggest town in this area? 794: Well um at that time Alexander was the largest town and then Shreveport the next. But El Dorado Interviewer: Arkansas? 794: Yeah, Arkansas. That was the largest town. Interviewer: That's about a hundred miles from here, isn't it? 794: Yeah Uh El Dorado is um I believe it's a little better see Shreveport's a hundred miles from here El Dorado I believe is a little further, I don't know just for sure just how far it was, I suppose a hundred and twenty hundred and twenty, hundred and thirty miles something like that from Winnfield. Interviewer: Did you ever go to El Dorado? 794: Yes I, I been to El Dorado. Interviewer: Are you, when when you were small, did y'all? 794: Well no, I was grown, I went there to work. Uh. I worked a little out six miles south of El Dorado. Out at a place they call Crossroads. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I worked at a drilling rig, out there, and then uh then I worked at Pine Island, I helped build rigs, set up rigs. And then I worked at uh the drilling rigs part of the time. And then I worked at Northland that's way this side of El Dorado. I worked at Northland But I did carpenter work there. I built ballast stations. Interviewer: Where's Northland? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Where is Northland? 794: Northland well that's uh That's this side of El Dorado I suppose I don't know just exactly how far but I suppose Interviewer: What parish? 794: I really don't know. No I don't know what the parish that's in. Uh. I suppose it's about sixty miles south of El Dorado. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course I've been to several of the towns north but I didn't work to {X}. I went to Northland, Smackovern Louanne, Pielum Pine, well I worked at Pine Island that was out far as you can get up Lynnsburg Hunting work, you know, Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: in all them places but You know the oil fields, right between the oil fields you work at was at uh at uh Crossroads out six miles south of Alexander and then at at the Pine Bloom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever have anyone trace your ancestry back? 794: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Going back # 794: No. Interviewer: You know where before the Longs were in Cincinnati, do you know where they came from? 794: The Longs, you mean? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well uh uh Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Is where the the Longs came from, my grandfather and all of them. And as far as I know that's where all the Longs were was raised there you know. That is their native home. Cincinnati, Ohio. Interviewer: Did y'all move around much when you were small? 794: Do which? Interviewer: How many houses have you lived in? Did you move much? 794: Oh, I've only lived in this house here myself, just since I married. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah just in this one. Interviewer: What about before you married? 794: Well I lived uh on this hill down here uh It's been two houses burnt there It was a large, larger house than this is, a plank house it um, it burned and uh way back yonder people didn't have any insurance on houses at all and my father lost everything thataway. And he build back I was eleven years old then. And then back the year of uh fifty-six when he build back there another house burnt there. Interviewer: Mm. 794: And uh he rebuild and he was living there when he when he passed away. My mother passed away there. Interviewer: Describe the house that you grew up in? I mean, how many rooms did it have and? 794: Well uh, this house had uh it had six rooms to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Had uh four bedrooms and a kitchen and a dining room. It's made with a hall like this and uh and well it had a porch all around it and it had uh, a L running out to it, shape of L, for a kitchen and dining room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you walked, it had a hall down the middle? 794: Yeah. Yeah you had a hall down the middle there, come on down to the, to the kitchen and dining, the dining room and then the kitchen. It was like a room here then the the side room was a bedroom, the next room was a dining room and the next one was the kitchen and then uh two bedroom doors here on this side. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was the first room, uh, that you walked into called? 794: Well, I could walk into uh either one of them on this side sure had a course we, we didn't have a door here on the front to either one of them like they should. Now this used to be uh, a porch closed here see I just build this here a little longer this one But they had a hall door you see and we'd go in and out the hall door but you go in either one, right or left either one. Interviewer: What was the left one called? 794: Well it was where my father and mother stayed, the bedroom. Interviewer: Could, could you make a sketch of the house? Just kind of draw what it. 794: Yes. Interviewer: Just the, the floor plan, you know. Aux: This is the old grandpa's house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: {X} 794: I just trying to draw, draw off just the shape of each Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Of the rooms. And uh. {NS} And this is the porch now, this didn't come all all the way on this one. It just went across on the end of the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And on uh this one this was a porch. A porch, and then there was a porch out from here, along here. And then a porch all the way from you might say from here back to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 Now I # Interviewer: #2 This is the bunt here? # 794: Yeah, that that was uh that was a porch you see it went across just like this one did before this room was built. It went plum across These here rooms and there was a porch here and a porch here and this front porch went out as far as these porches did on the ends you see. Interviewer: Were these porches connected? 794: Yeah. Uh Well um {NS} Uh Yeah the- this {D: sharing wall} connected to the front ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: This one here and uh I just put a P here so you know it's uh porch in the place of a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: room and uh Course, this, this is all the way across here, this is a porch too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh, a porch all the way across to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it had uh three brick chimneys to it it had a brick chimney to uh this end. Interviewer: What was this room here called? That was your parents bedroom? 794: Yeah, that was my parents bedroom. And this was um some of the boys' bedrooms and this was the girls' bedroom, and this was the other boys' bedroom over here. Interviewer: The girls' bedroom was across the hall from your parents? 794: Uh, yeah, Yeah the girls they slept across the hall from the parents. And the boys slept across the hall from the parents, some of them did, and some slept in this room here next to my parents. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See thataway. Interviewer: So what was your room right here? 794: This is a dining room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NS} Let's see {NS} Dining Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 794: #2 room. # And this is a kitchen. {NS} Ain't much writing I haven't wrote in so long I'm about out of practice writing. {NS} And and this is the bedroom, two bedrooms and two bedrooms here. Interviewer: What was the room that you'd go in if you had company? 794: Oh we'd go in uh this room. Interviewer: The, the girls' room? 794: Yeah, the girls' room. We had uh Let's see, we had a organ in there. Some of them played the organ and we'd all sing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever call that anything besides the bedroom? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Did you ever call that anything besides the bedroom? 794: No. No, just bedroom or front room. Interviewer: Front room? 794: Yeah. Yeah, front room. Interviewer: What about this house here? Could you make a sketch of this house? 794: Uh Yeah. Uh. Now this house here, uh this was the porch all the way across. and then this room here and then there's a porch on across it and then there was a was a plank building back out thataway for a kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh, it wasn't connected to the house? 794: No, it wasn't connected, it was uh, at the end of that porch it was a little walk about as wide as this doorstep here into the kitchen. And then it had a it had a front porch on it and had a well, a board well, Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: right on this front porch. Do you want me to draw it all up for you? Interviewer: Yes. What did you call that walk that went out to the kitchen? 794: Well, uh, I really don't know uh a pass, I suppose. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Wouldn't call it a porch. Mostly a pass. From the uh From the back what we call the back porch of the house to the kitchen. Interviewer: What did you call this hall down this middle here? 794: Well we called it some called it hall and some called it entry. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear it called a dog trot? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Dog trot? 794: No. I didn't understand the me- Interviewer: A dog trot. 794: Dog trot. No. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah they called this a hall, some called it hall some called it entry. {NW} Aux: That's them horseflies. 794: Yeah these horseflies are bad sure. Well I can draw this off if you uh Interviewer: Yeah. 794: Want me to it uh Interviewer: Your grandfather built this now? 794: Um, well he had it built. Uh He had a man by name of Harper Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to build this for him course my grandfather helped build it. But he hired a man to build it. They uh went in the woods and they cut the trees down {NS} with a crosscut saw. And uh then they split them with a sledge and a wedge and an ax together. And they skid them up out of the woods to where they build the house with cattle. Interviewer: What do you mean they 794: Cattle, ox teams. Interviewer: Uh-huh they skid them 794: Yeah they skid them that's drag them Interviewer: Oh. 794: they drag them you know. Put chains around them course they had yokes on these cattle you know. and uh and and they'd drag them up by with, with the cattle. Now I don't know whether they uh drug them up before they split them in the woods or not. I don't think they did, I think they split them away so that they got them up to where they build the house. Interviewer: After they had already? {NS} 794: And uh So they uh, they went down in Doug, in Doug DeMorning's swamp and they cut big Cyprus trees down and they split the sap part of the trees off. They sold them board lengths, I believe it was three foot lengths then. They made them long boards, finally got down to two foot and a half, thirty inches, and twenty-four inches but they, they wanted to put on this house to build uh just thirty-six inches long, the boards was. And that they ride them out, bowed them up and ride them out in the boards. Heart Cyprus boards. {NS} Aux: That, that's a private line that's the matter. {NW} 794: {NW} And um, so they um, they went and they in down in the swamp {X} where they got these boards and they cut trees, put hard Cyprus blocks under them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And of course they went in the woods and they got the best hard pine timber there was and hewed out the sleepers and the seal, the foundation #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The sleepers? # 794: Sleepers and the seal they call them that's it's the foundation of the house. Interviewer: The sleeper is the foundation? 794: Yeah, sleepers and the seal is the foundation of the house. And uh then uh My grandfather, he had uh, a saw mill and he sawed the lumber. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For the flooring. And uh And sawed the lumber for to put between the logs and to take in the {NS} uh, plane, an old time plane what they call a jack plane and plane the inside of it and and and each edge of it down to what you call a feather edge down thin and nailed it on to there. And uh they wasn't in the plank houses then. All log houses, but uh this sure was the only spit log house there was in this country. The rest of them's out of smaller timber little round pole houses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then my mother's father his house was a split house just like this. Let's see uh Now this is a porch. It uh It uh started right here. It starts here. That's kind of a door step like the {X} to the porch here. And um Interviewer: {NS} What's that? 794: This is the kitchen. Interviewer: Hmm. Is it still out there like that? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Do you still have that? 794: Ah-huh. Yeah. And and now this is um This is a porch here. Interviewer: In front of the kitchen? 794: Yeah yeah fastened to the kitchen. And they had a well right here. A dug well. Right there. {NS} And of course that and they had um a dirt chimney for this kitchen here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I don't know hardly how to draw that out. But I'll just put it kindly this way like. Interviewer: That's on the back of the kitchen? 794: Ah-huh. This is And uh They had um {NS} a chimney to the end of this uh {NS} room here I'll just put it kinda close like that. {NS} and a chimney to this one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they didn't have any porches on each end of it. Interviewer: How many rooms? #1 were there in all? # 794: #2 It was uh, was uh # three bedrooms. Now uh, this was a bedroom and this is a bedroom and this is a bedroom {NS} and of course this was the hall here and this was the kitchen and kitchen and dining room all together. Interviewer: How have you changed the house? 794: Do which? Interviewer: How have you changed it? 794: Well I haven't changed it any at all except the uh the kitchen I didn't build it to here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It came a storm here seven years before I moved this house here and blew it down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: So I never did build it back to this at all. Interviewer: You've shut this room? 794: Yeah. Yeah well this is what blew away, the kitchen here it blew away. And I didn't build it back you see, to here at all. But uh that's the way it was when it was over over there Now like it is here, it's this here all except this you see. Course I could draw this all here like if you want it. Interviewer: Well what, tell me what you, do you still use this as a bedroom here? 794: Yeah use this for a bedroom. And uh this for a bedroom and this for a bedroom, three. Interviewer: Where is your kitchen now? 794: Well my kitchen now is in here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Is this-? # 794: #2 {X} # Yeah I use I use this for a bedroom now. And uh and this for a bedroom and this for a kitchen and and now I use uh this for a bedroom you see. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well no I don't now we did for a while but we don't now it's just. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Let's see. 794: That's about as best I believe that I can #1 draw at all of course it wasn't drawn all # Interviewer: #2 that's fine # 794: pretty and straight {NW} Made it catty-cornered and all but that's some like the shape it was. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever hear any um old-fashioned names for kitchens? 794: No just kitchen is all that they called it then the old-fashioned name was kitchen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about for porch? 794: Well They called it some called them gallery gallery. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you hear that word now? 794: Yes, the gallery jail. Interviewer: No, do you, do you hear people say gallery #1 nowadays? # 794: #2 No, no not now they call them porch now. # And there not very many houses now that has porches on them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: These, this new uh model houses they build now they don't put porches on them. {NW} Interviewer: Tell me about the fireplace? The part that comes out, the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace. 794: Yeah, that's right. In front of the fireplace, open just in the house alright Interviewer: #1 What do you call that? # 794: #2 And well they uh # And and and uh You see where they build a fireplace here and leave this open place come in the house well they let the hearth what they call the hearth from the fireplace come out Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: About eighteen or twenty inches in the room you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Keep the fire from burning in the floor your see, they don't let the floor go right up to it. They call that the hearth. Interviewer: What's the thing that goes up above? 794: A plate. Call that the plate. Plate of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah they call that the plate of the house, goes up for. That's the the plate and this up comes up these round {X} is the rafters. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And then this strip of course is the {D: laven}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What about on the fireplace? The thing you can sit a cloth on up above the fireplace. 794: Well you have uh, a mantle shelf. Yeah called a mantle shelf. Interviewer: What do you set the wood on? 794: Do which? Interviewer: What do you set the wood on? In the fireplace. 794: Oh uh Andirons. Interviewer: Do you ever hear old-fashioned name for that? 794: No, andirons I believe is, is the the only name that I ever heard of it. Interviewer: What? 794: Andirons. And. A-N-D-I-R-O-N-S. Interviewer: What about dog irons or fire dog? 794: Well I'll tell you they did call dog irons. That's the old name, dog irons. They call them andirons now but they did call them dog irons, that's right. I'd just forgotten. And then, then they use uh a poker there uh used to, they don't use them now, they used a fire stick now used to use a poker that's two pieces that's that they fasten together cut a little hole and fasten together to use to spread them apart and pick up a chunk Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And throw it in the fireplace of hot embers. but they don't use them now they just use a piece of iron for a, a fire stick. Interviewer: If you wanted to start a fire, what kind of wood might you use? 794: Uh, rich lighted. Lighted. Interviewer: Is that 794: Rich lighted that's splinters you see. Interviewer: Any, any kind of wood could be lightered? It doesn't have to be a 794: No, it has to be a rich lighted pine for the, for the start your fire with the splinters and then you cut larger pieces for pine to go on it course you can burn any kind of wood any kind of hard wood or pine wood either. but uh pine wood is not good for the keep fires with you, it's good uh to start your fires with you start them quicker with pine wood than you can with any kind of hard wood but you use hard wood for uh wood for to put in the fire place you know keep your fire wood Oak or Gum Maple Elder Hickory, Beech. Any kind of hard wood that'll work. Interviewer: What would you call a big piece of wood that you could set towards the back of the fireplace? 794: Back stick. Call that the back stick, yeah. Interviewer: And the black stuff that forms in the chimney is called uh? 794: Is which? Interviewer: The black stuff that forms 794: Oh, oh that's the soot, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: the soot yeah. Interviewer: What do you shovel out of the fireplace? 794: The do what? Interviewer: What do you shovel out of the 794: Oh, uh uh small shovel just a little shovel. Interviewer: What do you take out with it? 794: The the ashes. Take ashes out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They'd take the ashes out with a shovel. Interviewer: Tell me about um, things that you'd have in a house, this thing here is called a? 794: Well that's a uh the back of a chair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Call that the back of a chair. What's something longer than a chair that three or four people could sit on? 794: Oh um What you call a sofa? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Aux: Divan? 794: No it's not a sofa either, what you call this thing here? Aux: I don't know, couch. 794: Couch. Aux: I guess so. 794: Yeah call it a couch I believe. Interviewer: What's the difference between a sofa and a couch? 794: Well I don't know I don't know there's any. Interviewer: What did you used to call it? 794: Well sometimes we'd call it a sofa and sometimes we'd call it couch. All about the same thing. Just about the same. Interviewer: What sort of things did people have in their bedroom to keep their clothes in? 794: Well uh they used to have uh I can't think of it right now. They uh {NS} No uh, a dresser, dresser. They have a dresser, yeah. They call it a dresser and slip uh little shelves in to put their clothes in. And uh now they have uh clothes closets. Interviewer: That's built in? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: Did a dresser have drawers in it? 794: Yeah it had drawers to it yeah. Three drawers to it. Interviewer: Did it have a mirror? 794: Yeah it had a mirror to it, had three drawers to it and a mirror to it. Interviewer: Was there anything like a dresser that didn't have a mirror it, that was just drawers? 794: Well uh wardrobe had dresser to it and uh chest of drawers, some chest of drawers have- Interviewer: What did a wardrobe look like? 794: Well it's uh Don't we have a wardrobe here? Aux: Yeah it's over there in the corner. 794: #1 Come on, come on and let me show # Interviewer: #2 Could you, could you make # 794: #1 {X} I'll show you I can't tell you # Aux: #2 No, {X} that's just got drawers in it. # 794: Yeah it's got drawers in it. Interviewer: You, you can't hang your clothes up in it? Aux: No. 794: #1 No don't, no don't think you can. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Do you ever see something that you could hang your clothes up in? 794: Well um clothes closet. You can hang your clothes up in that. And uh, wardrobe I believe. I believe that's about all. Interviewer: What about a chifforobe or an armoire? 794: Well a chifforobe you can hang your clothes up in that. Interviewer: How's a chifforobe different from a wardrobe? 794: Well I don't believe I could tell you. {NW} I don't believe I could tell you that. I don't know as there's any difference any just difference in the name is all. Interviewer: If you wanted to buy a table or chair or a sofa, what kind of store would you go to? 794: Go to hardware. Interviewer: What about nowadays? 794: Huh? Interviewer: What about nowadays? 794: Well I don't know, we didn't have {X} here at Winnfield, the name of that you see, we just called them hardware, and furniture, hardware and furniture stores. Yeah that's all we kind of stores we had here we used anything like that you know get any kind of furniture you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's in the house, or. That or a hardware, either one. Interviewer: Something on rollers that you could put up in a window and pull down #1 to keep out the # 794: #2 Shades. # Interviewer: Huh? 794: Shades. Interviewer: Okay. And the top of the house is called the 794: Well you call that the top of the house now you call this the eve of the house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then, and the and up at the at the top is is the steeple Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Steeple of the house. Interviewer: Or the covering is called the? 794: Well that's Well some call it the housetop, some called it the covering. But uh In the old time they called it the the cover of it they called it the boards on the house. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if you had to if your house was leaking you'd have to get up on the 794: Yeah and, and patch those leaks. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Put a new board in, Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 Put a new- # put a new board in there. Interviewer: You say you'd have to get up on the 794: Yeah I'd have to get up on the ladder Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 794: #2 You'd- # have to have a ladder you see, I have some ladders sure you, you gotta own a ladder. Climb up on top of the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, something along the edge that you could carry the water, that could carry the water off? 794: W- well they call them a gutter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Gutter. I have that here on my door step over each one of them. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. That's # 794: #2 That's the gutter. # Interviewer: That fastens onto the 794: Yeah that carries the water off to the end of the house you see but if you want uh barrels to catch it in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Why you can fix it to where it'll run into the barrel. Now I have three barrels here at the back of my house where I catch it. And uh Course this gutter where you'll the the end is where it carries water into the barrel is lower you see than the other one is. Interviewer: The room at the top of the house between up above the ceiling is called the 794: Well the um Now the summer houses if they had bedrooms up called upstairs building Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh {NS} Interviewer: What about just up the just 794: #1 Up, up # Interviewer: #2 up the stairs. # 794: up above the loft is what they call that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Above the loft. Interviewer: The loft is just under the? 794: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Under the what? 794: Well You mean under the loft? Interviewer: Well what Where is the loft? 794: Oh that's overhead. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's overhead, that's this part here you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's what you call eh the loft. Uh {NW} Course I have a loft here and uh on the porches and then a loft in the hall and over the bedrooms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course now there's some buildings that they build up high that they have uh two story buildings you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They call that upstairs. {NS} Interviewer: If you have a, a house in an L, what do you call the place where they come together? 794: L? Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Well-uh, {NW} {X} Joining The L joining the main house, you see, that's what they call the L. Uh, L joining. Uh. The main house or the bedroom either one. Interviewer: Up on the top of the house though, there's a low place where they come together. 794: Oh that's uh oh um gutter. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Where they put the gutter, yeah. Interviewer: And what's another name for the covering on the house? 794: Well you can put shingles on the houses, that's a for they um used to make it these shingle bills, you see. That's smaller than boards course that, that is uh uh not split, it's kind of sawed open like. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And that's shingles. This is what you call boards, and that's called shingles. And a course now they they put different tops on course they put uh metal roofing on some, what they call sheet iron. And uh Interviewer: They put metal? 794: Yeah metal, metal roofing. {NS: phone rings} You call it sheet iron, and I have sheet iron on this house. Now {NS: phone rings} {NS} Then I have some houses out here that I have aluminum {NS: phone rings} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Metal on. Interviewer: You have some houses out there? 794: Yes I have a little house out here {NS: phone rings} I'll you go look at what we call a camp house. We got uh, we got uh {NS: phone rings} a old time wood stove, cast iron wood stove in it Interviewer: A-huh. {NS} 794: And a and a little porch out to it and the floor of the porch is out of brick made out of brick. And course in the house why we have it floored. Mm-hmm. It's a hu- little old house. And uh we have us cast iron wood stove in there, wife can cook some time or we bake my potatoes out there, sweet potatoes. Interviewer: {NW} 794: Go out there some time we cook corn bread, collar greens when we have them you know Any kind of vegetable you can cook anything you know, a course that's the only kind of stove people used to have. Course before they got these stoves you see they cooked on fireplaces. And they'd have um a rod of iron run up about that high from there at the {D: hess} of the fireplace across there and it'd have hooks a thing with hooks on up here and then one down here to put the They're um cooking vessels on. Put the water kettle on or the pots on. Called them pots you know to put the greens and all in. Big old iron pots, we have some of those now too. And then we have we have a cast iron, a big old cast iron uh water kettle right there she has flowers in it. And there's a little bird building its nest in there. In that kettle in there now. Interviewer: What kind of bird's building a nest? 794: It's uh little wrens, little wren birds. We have all kinds of birds here, we have the the red bird and we had times we have blackbirds, robins, jay birds blue birds. And uh And eh- some calls them woodchucks, some calls them peckerwood. Some calls them redheads, they're different now they're the kind that pecks on timber, you see. And we have quails, {D: felarks} robins thrashers mockingbirds oh we have I don't know how many different kind of birds we have here. Course now these blackbirds they stay here in the wintertime. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Mostly them and the robins too. And then we have a quail here and a {D: felark} and a dove. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well we have a lot of different kind of birds Interviewer: What do What would you call a little room off the kitchen? Where you could store canned goods and things. 794: Uh. I believe you'd call it a closet. That is what uh Put your Like you had canned goods or anything like that in closet I believe they'd call it. Interviewer: Say if you had a lot of old worthless things like old broken down furniture that wasn't any good anymore, what might you call that? 794: Well uh I really don't know what you'd call that um uh You mean uh furniture or plow tools or which? Interviewer: Just anything that 794: #1 Anything thataway? # Interviewer: #2 That's getting worn out # and you didn't have much use for it. 794: Well Let me see what would we call that Interviewer: You'd say that's not good anymore, that's just 794: Mm-hmm. I'll have to think a minute that some things slip my memory now and then a Interviewer: Would you call something like that rubbish or plunder or junk or 794: Well you call it junk mostly. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: I I suppose that's junk like that uh that you'd throwed away you see and plow tools or sometimes wagons or uh stalk cutters I have an old time stalk cutter out here. Interviewer: What's that? 794: That's what you cut corn stalks and cotton stalks with, you put horses and mules to it and pull it it had wheels to it and it has uh has a lever. You you can raise it up off of the ground or you can let it down. and uh {X} it'll turn, got blades cross this way and it'll turn them about that far about and turn and cut these corn stalks. or cotton stalks or you can cut small bushes with them, either one. Course now for things like that they have bush hogs, what you call a bush hog you see. to cut goes round and round and pulls over tractors. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And And uh There different kind of plow tools There's middle busters turning plows Georgia stalked double stalked side hairs spring toothed hairs middle busters and training plows. Cotton planters, corn planters, fertilizer distributors. Interviewer: What does a double stalked look like? 794: Well that's uh that's like a Georgia stalk except it has uh two uh peak to it Interviewer: #1 What's a Georgia # 794: #2 Two uh # Two, two beams and uh, and and two feet and and you, and you put a plow you can put a half shell on to shovel and sweep or saw and sweep either one you see. And then we have a middle buster we'd break land with a big heavy middle buster. I have a sixteen inch middle buster out here it takes two pretty good sized horses to pull it where you're breaking it in. Then I have ten inch middle buster here that I can cultivate land with. I can take the middle buster off of it And I can put uh, a half shovel on it or a shovel and a sweep and I can set it any way that I want to. To throw the dirt back over to it or throw the dirt forest either way. But I'm the only one that I know of that's got a plow stalk that like that I bought that the year twenty-two from the hardware here at Winnfield. Interviewer: What do you call the animals that you can plow with? 794: Horses mules Interviewer: What would you call two of those hitched up together? 794: Which? Interviewer: Two of those mules hitched up together? 794: ye- uh Well uh well uh Oh if you had mules hooked up together course they're they're male and female you see horse mules, mare mules. And the same way about horses eh- like a horse, gelded horse are married together any way you want to thataway. Interviewer: So if you had two working together you'd #1 say you have a # Interviewer: #2 double # 794: double team double team. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: They call that the double team. A pair. You'd call them a pair, a pair of horses a pair of mules. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And you put them to plow you call them a a double plow that's a middle buster. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And course a double stalk, one horse can pull that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You put two hay {D: shillers} on and go down and throw two thirds at a time this way and throw them back this way and bed your land or plow the middles out either one well. Interviewer: What do you call the horse that walks in the front? If you have two horses. 794: Well um That'd be one and one middle. And one and the other one and that's one side on the other, the other on the other side of the row. And that'd be in the middle you see it you'd plow with a with a plow that is for like a middle buster. like being ground up. Thataway. And uh The same thing about a uh stalk cutter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah yeah you put a pair of them with a stalk cutter One'll walk in one middle you might say on the right side of the row one in the middle on the left side of the row. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That is one on each side of the row. Interviewer: A room that could be used to store odds and ins in. 794: Do which? Interviewer: A room you could use to put things in that uh you didn't really need. 794: Well We'd call it a store room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Just call it the store room. Interviewer: What about a junk room or lumber room? 794: Well you can call it junk, you can call it junk room where you go put stuff that ain't no good you see you call that a junk room or uh Where you put stuff is that's valuable call that a store room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A woman would say if her house was in a big mess she'd say she had to If her house was dirty and messy she'd say she had to do what? 794: Sweep it. Sweep the floors, or clean it up, dust it. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Du- Gotta dust it or sweep the floors. Interviewer: What would she sweep with? 794: A broom. Interviewer: Say if the broom was in the corner and the door was open so that the door was kind of hiding the broom, you'd say the broom was where? 794: Well you'd say the broom is in the corner or over next to the door or at the side of the wall either one. Interviewer: Or if the door is open so that the door is hiding 794: Oh it's behind the door {NW} Behind the door {NW} Interviewer: And on a two story house to get from the first floor to the second floor what would you have? 794: Upstairs Interviewer: How would you get upstairs? 794: You'd have uh steps steps to walk up. Stair steps, what ya called stair steps. Interviewer: Would you call what you happen to point to the ground stair steps? 794: Door steps. Interviewer: And if you wanted to hang up a picture you'd take a nail and a 794: Nail right it in the wall Interviewer: With a 794: with a hammer. Interviewer: You'd say I took the 794: hammer and drive the nails in the wall to hang the picture. Interviewer: If the nail didn't get in far enough you'd say it's got to be 794: drive it. Drive it further, or deeper. Interviewer: It's, somebody has, it's got to be what in further. 794: Yeah further it's got to drove deeper in the wall. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Deeper in the wall. Interviewer: A-huh. Someone talking about driving a car. If someone doesn't know how to drive, you'd say he has never 794: Never learned to drive. Interviewer: He has never what a car? 794: Never operated a car, or never learned to drive it, that's what the old way, learned to drive or now they mostly call that a not learned to operate, or can't operate a car. Interviewer: And you'd say that was the first time he'd ever 794: Operated one or ever drove one. Interviewer: A huh. 794: The first time he'd ever drove one. Interviewer: And if there was a log across the road you say um there's a log across the road that someone had 794: Cut it out. Interviewer: And had what it off? 794: Cut it out of the road. Interviewer: And had done 794: drug it out. Cut into it and drug it out of the road. Interviewer: And years ago on Monday when we would get all the dirty clothes together and they'd do the 794: Wash. {X} Wash the clothes. {C: laughing} Interviewer: What would they do on Tuesday? 794: This is? Interviewer: What would they do the next day after they had washed? 794: Well uh the- the- they'd starch them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and iron them. Starch and iron. Interviewer: What would they call the big thing they'd have out in the yard to boil the clothes in? 794: A wash pot. Interviewer: Would you ever call that a kettle? 794: We uh no, no. Didn't call that a kettle. That thing you boil water in is a kettle you see. That's for to make coffee or anything like that. Interviewer: #1 Like that. # 794: #2 Like this, yeah. # But uh this is uh like that there But where they put your clothes in To boil the water and put your clothes in and put your clothes in there and boil them that's what they call a wash pot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's a big large round pot you see. Larger than a than a tub is. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Course the difference size tub you see number one and two and three and then course what we have what we call a foot tub you see people used to wash their feet in. Interviewer: Nowadays if you had to if your clothes were dirty you could send them to the 794: Laundry. Interviewer: Did people used to say laundry back then? Would they ever say I have to do my laundry? 794: Yeah. Have to do my laundry. Or send them to the laundry. Interviewer: Did they used to say that? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: And on some houses you have boards that lap over the outside like this 794: Yeah Interviewer: That's called? 794: Oh uh well some called it a ship lap and some call it a drop edge but uh the boards where you drop over the bottom part over the top part you see you start in a little slant this way and then you put your other on that what they call the drop over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about siding or weather board? 794: Well the weather boarding that's uh what they call a gable end. That's a above that logs share that mean walls. And and and that they've put that up there weatherboard or some call it a weatherboard and some call it a gable end. Interviewer: There's, that's up above the 794: Yeah that's up above the main logs at the end of the house. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Yeah they call that the the gable. Gable end. Interviewer: If the door was open and you didn't want it to be, you'd ask somebody to? 794: Shut it or close it. Interviewer: Okay. And a little building that you could use for storing wood? What would you call a little building you could store wood in? 794: Well some call it the wood shed. And some call it the wood house. Interviewer: Which would you call it? 794: Well I have it, the way I had it is woodsheds, I have a wood shed on each side of my car house yonder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then I'd have a wood shed at one end of my car house. The opposite end from where I drive my car or truck in at. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is a shed different from a house? 794: No it's connected to the house. A shed is connected to the house you see, just like a porch is to a dwelling house. Interviewer: Before they had bathrooms inside what did they call the buildings that they had outside? 794: Well They didn't have many buildings cause you take baths in outside thataway They generally would go in the kitchen Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And heat the water on the stove you see and they'd have to take them in a wash tub didn't even have bathtubs then Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they finally got to where they build a made bathtubs out of zinc zinc bathtubs, and of course they'd uh they'd build them uh a bathroom an- an- an- they'd put them in there you see and some would have to carry the water out dip it out and pour it out but they finally got to where they'd drill holes in the the walls you see and take a pipe that runs out there just like they do there kinda like they do the bathing rooms now, bathrooms Interviewer: What would they have for the toilets? Where would, where would the toilets be? 794: Well Uh they'd they'd be out away from the house they'd build uh- some little uh toilet out away from the house Interviewer: What would they call it? 794: Well they'd call that the uh toilet I believe. Interviewer: Any other names? 794: I believe that's all they called it, outdoor toilet Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Outdoor toilet. Interviewer: Do y'all have one of those? 794: Yeah I have one back out here now I had build year thirty thirty-three I believe. And we still have it here. What we did dig a bigger hole Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Course there, there's old time toilets that didn't have no hole built they just had a place up you know where, where you'd have to clean them out or either let the rain come and wash them out if you had any place where the water could run to wash them but the one we have now they build them in thirty-three. They dig a big hole And then they'd take uh hard Cyprus lumber and they'd build a box to go down in this hole against the wall Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then build you a floor in it except where uh, your toilet you sit on you see and that ho- that went down into the hole there it and uh so and from on from that well they got to building bathrooms you see. And toilets, they call them. Interviewer: What different buildings would be on a farm? What different kinds of animals would you have and where would they be kept? 794: Well you'd have uh horses mules cows hogs goat, sheep and the poultry you'd have chicken ducks geese turkeys guineas and all such a like that. Interviewer: Where would you keep all these animals? Where would each of them #1 stay? # 794: #2 Well um # Oh we generally just let them mostly out just around the place course with uh where you had a garden you had to have uh a high fence around it to keep the chickens from flying over it you see and uh some of the chicken you'd take take a pair of scissors and cut the the feathers off under the wings to where they couldn't fly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course some people they'd take them and pull the feathers out but they'd grow back you know but that there a whole lot of misery about that punished them a whole lot. and a course you'd have uh your hogs, you'd have a pasture to put them in and have a pasture to put your horses in, your cows, your goats, your sheep before we had them we mostly always had open range just like in here and you let your cows and your hogs, your goats, sheep everything that way run out in the woods. Course we and uh Interviewer: Do they still have open range here? 794: No, no we have stock law here now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: No, no cattle, hogs goats, sheep or nothing in the woods here now We have a cattle ranch here. Interviewer: What would the different buildings be on a farm? What different buildings do you have out here? 794: Well we had what we called a smokehouse, that's to put meat in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then a potato house to put potatoes in and then we had uh a house build to put fruit in, people used to put their fruit in in in jars you see, fruit jars they'd cook and put in fruit jars and they'd put out in a building that way that's what they called a fruit house. And then the barn's where they keep the horses and the cows and then a most people didn't have a uh oh uh stalls to put the cows in. They'd just build a shed for them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But they'd mostly build stalls for to keep their horses and mules in have to keep them separate you see since for some time they'd fight each other Interviewer: Hmm, the mules and the #1 cows? # 794: #2 yeah uh uh, the mules and the horses # fight a course they wouldn't keep the cows with the mules or the horses one but you keep the horses and mules together but you keep the cows separate Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then you keep the goats separate. And then you keep the sheep separate from them. Interviewer: What did y'all have goats for? 794: Well Uh, for several different purposes. Uh one thing to keep the undergrowth eat down around your place and another thing for the fertilize. Barnyard fertilize. And then a lot of people likes goat to eat to butcher them you see. And a course these sheep they'd butcher them sometimes course they'd use keep to use them for fertilize and then they'd sheer them you see that's wool make wool clothes and things like out of them. But I never did use keep any sheep here I kept goats here and uh some goats was milk goats. Different fine blade goats you know uh Toggenburg milk goats and the Nubian Interviewer: Did you have those? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Did you have those? 794: Yeah I- I- I didn't have the Nubian I had the Toggenburg Oh I had some fine milk goats here you know most the goats about quarter half a gallon of milk as much as they give but I had one here give five quarts of milk a day. Milk her twice a day, feed her good you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: She was a large goat. And then I had uh kind a goats here that you just butchered you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: What they called a Nubian they uh Saanen goat and then there's some kind of a goat they call just a common little old woods goat that they're small though. uh they'd rest about fifteen to thirty pounds a piece. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But these that I had here these um Saanen goats they'd grow up to seventy-five to eighty and ninety pounds Interviewer: How big were the Nubian goats? 794: A Nubian goat is is a milk goat, they're a pretty good size goat too. They're about like the Toggenburg goat is. Interviewer: Where would you store corn? 794: Uh in a crib. Interviewer: Was that part of the barn or? 794: That's part of the barn, yeah, we called that the crib. Interviewer: Where was grain stored? 794: Grain? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well That that is stored in the crib. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a grainery or a granery? 794: No. Interviewer: And if you cut the hay off a piece of land and enough grew back so you could cut it again the same year? 794: Yeah.{NW: phone rings} Interviewer: You'd call that the? 794: Yeah, well you'd call it the second cutting, call it the second cutting. Interviewer: When you cut the hay and you let it dry, you rake it up in little piles, did you ever hear a name for those little piles? 794: Yeah, you'd leg it up and pile it, you can haul it in thataway {NS} or you can bale it, you see, what they call baling you have balers that presses it together and uh you put wire around it or grass strings around it to hold the bales they'd put about they they they'd bale it they'd put enough in there to make a little piece about that wide they'd call that a pad. And uh then they put about seven seven pads Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to the bale. Interviewer: What, what did they used to do before they would bale it? 794: Well they'd just cut it and rake it up and haul it and put it in their barns just loose hay thataway. Interviewer: What did they call the little piles that they'd have raked up? 794: Well I believe they'd I believe they'd call them piles, piles of hay little piles of hay that's what they called it. Interviewer: How could they leave the hay outside? 794: Well they couldn't, couldn't leave it out only just uh there they'd cut it you see they'd leave it out long enough for the sun to shine on it and cure it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh where it uh wouldn't uh wouldn't uh go to bad you see uh mildew or something when you haul it in If you haul it in too green they'll that'll be they'll go through a heat and it forms a poisoning and it won't do for stock to eat it. You'll have to leave it out in the sun and cure it and where you just haul it in loose hay thataway or um where you bale it up put it in bales. and people used to cut uh they raise uh peas. And they'd cut them and and they'd let them cure and haul that in throw it up sometimes they'd have a crib put in and have lofts put in overhead thataway. Interviewer: They'd put it up in the? 794: in the, in the loft like yeah. And uh they used to cut sorghum, save it thataway of course a lot of people they'd make uh syrup out of sorghum cane you see just like they would sugarcane and uh they raise uh some of what they'd call was larger than sorghum it wasn't as sweet a cane as sorghum it was called {D:say grain}. Interviewer: {D:say grain}? 794: Yeah they they they'd cut the tops out of that it had seed on it piece about that large and that's fine feed and then they'd cut the stalks of it for uh for feed and uh what planted in rich land it grew large uh stalks they'd pull the fogger off from that the blades you see and save that for eat well they'd do corn the same way when the corn got uh the ears on it got matured enough they'd shuck them again to turn brown and uh finally got cured enough they'd go in there with their hands and they'd strip that down and tie it up in little what they call a hands and they'd take these, about three of these little hands and when it cured and and put them together and uh put a piece of wire around it and tie it {D: and called it a bundle} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {X} Interviewer: What would they do with the bundles then? 794: Huh? Interviewer: What would they do with the bundles? 794: Well they they'd haul them into the barn and feed them to the stock. Interviewer: Were they ever piled up together? 794: Yeah, well um Yeah when they when they hauled in the barn they would course when they when they um uh bundled it up, tied it up in the field thataway like they'd have uh uh four rows they'd throw it over here and then get over here and four throw four over here. They'd call that the heap row. And then they'd take the wagon and go between these you see and #1 haul it in and put it there in the bottom. # Interviewer: #2 the, the heap row was # where they had? 794: Where they had their fire you see, call that the heap row. Interviewer: Um, you could take maybe a pole and, and set it in the ground and put the hay all around 794: Yeah, yeah you could do that some people did that they they shock it, what they call shock it. They they they'd shock it in the field and uh but uh we never did shock very much we always had plenty of barns to uh to put uh our hay and stuff in the feed and we scarcely ever did shock any in the field at all. Interviewer: But what did the shock look like? How would you shock that? 794: Well it's just uh, just a bunch of uh hay a {X} just piled up I would take a pole would take a pole a long pole about eight, six or eight foot high or long and would stand it up this way and we'd nail pieces across thisaway and across thisaway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And we'd put the fogger on that you see, so the air could get through it. If it wasn't cured good Interviewer: Mm-hmm, you'd put the fogger on that? 794: A-huh. Interviewer: Would you put hay? 794: Yeah I'd put hay thataway too sometimes. But uh not very much we mostly we'd uh let the hay cure and haul it in and put that in the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh Friday we'd leave it out thataway sometime well we would hay uh- if uh in case we didn't have time to haul it in. Interviewer: Where would you keep hogs? 794: Hogs? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well We'd keep uh some in a pasture, we'd keep some in the pen. Interviewer: What kind of pen? 794: A well uh it'd be a rail pen, built out of rail, timber, sawed out of split rails like they used to build f- fences with Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and uh some they'd uh if they has a big hog a hog that's bad that tries to tear out they'd take poles and notch them down at the corners and take and uh a notch them down and cut a little gap and slip them over each other thataway and they'd build up high enough where they couldn't climb over the fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and uh some would build them a little shed in the corner of it so if they it uh they'd have a place to sleep in there during the bad weather, rainy weather, and cold weather and all. Interviewer: What about uh cows, where could you shut a cow up to milk her or separate her from the calf? 794: Well uh some of them {NW} we'd milk them right out in the pen cows in general. Interviewer: What kind of pen? 794: Just a, just a we call them a cow pen, it's kind of a lot like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And some they would put them in a stall to milk them and uh before we'd feed them we'd have to put them in the stalls you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For couldn't put a whole bunch together thataway. And we'd have separate stalls like they generally do at the dairies and uh feed them thataway and milk them in there but just they uh the common cow is what we call a woods cow where they didn't give very much milk at uh we just milked those out in in the pens that way course we had sheds you see in the wintertime you see milk them and then had troughs there we'd put feed in them maybe feed uh put it inside a shed you have a long trough maybe you could milk the highest three like on the same shed you see. And let them eat out of the same trough and put one feed here and one here and on thataway see, separate Interviewer: Where would you keep the chickens? 794: Well we we'd build little houses to keep them in call it chicken house. Interviewer: A-huh. What about for the mother hen and the biddies? 794: Well we'd have to build {D: coogs} chicken {D: coogs} for the little biddies the thing that had the little biddies we'd build what we call {D: coogs} for them chicken {D: coogs} Interviewer: #1 where # 794: #2 and keep # keep them in there till they got large enough to run around out with the large chickens, you see. Interviewer: How would you build a {D: coog}? 794: Well You'd um you'd take a building kinda like the shape of a top of a house thisaway and take a piece and build it up thisaway and of course you'd fix each end to it you see it's kind of like the shape of a house and a gable end of the house thataway Interviewer: Pointed. 794: But we didn't have flooring in them, just put them on the ground you see. Interviewer: And they'd have to stay in there? 794: Yeah they'd have to stay in there. And uh Course now up in the day time pretty weather They'd let them out you see so they could eat grass and scratch around but in bad weather kept them in these {D: coogs} all the time Interviewer: If you wanted to make a hen start laying, what could you put in her nest to fool her? 794: Well you'd fit um different kind of, of feed course way back them days they'd feed them uh corn and uh cornbread scraps from the table different kinds of scrap meat uh bread and all you know. Interviewer: What could you put in a nest though #1 to make her start? # 794: #2 Well they'd they'd # Back them days they put pine straw in there Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Take pine straw and make them a nest out of it and put it in a box or something. And make a nest out of pine straw. Interviewer: Did you ever see a, an egg put in the nest, to get her to? 794: Yeah, put a egg in there. to make the old hen sometime go in there to set and to hatch these little chickens uh- of course uh some chickens, some old hens, they'd steal a nest off in the woods. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And build their nest there {NS} And raise a bunch of chickens And uh I would, would build uh put boxes in the chicken houses for them to lay in and and they they they'd sit in there. and raise their chickens Interviewer: If you had a real good set of dishes, your dishes might be made out of? 794: China. Interviewer: What would you call an egg made out of that? 794: A egg you mean? Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Well I really don't know I never did see none that egg made out of it. Interviewer: Well, you could call it a {X} 794: {X} Interviewer: Huh. 794: Well uh dishes you see are mostly made out of what you call China. Interviewer: A-huh. Well an egg made out of that, it wouldn't be a plastic #1 egg, it'd be a # 794: #2 No, uh-uh, no. # No uh I don't know if if that egg shell I don't know where you'd make anything out of that or not {X} Interviewer: No, no I mean an artificial egg, made out of China. 794: Well, I really don't know what that artificial egg is made out of. Unless it's some kind of a plastic. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I suppose that's what just like these plastic jugs is that they have milk in now. Interviewer: Did you ever see one made out of China? 794: No I never did. Never did. Interviewer: What would you call a hen on a nest of eggs? 794: Setting hen. Interviewer: A-huh. {NW} And when you're eating chicken, the bone like this? 794: Pulley bone. Interviewer: Any stories about that? 794: Well uh the only thing I ever heard about it Uh uh- if you eat the pulley bone and uh the one that's sitting next to you as you take to hold this pulley bone on the table and let the other one reach and get one part of it and you hold the other one and you break that {X} And and the one that gets the shortest part Let me see how that was na- I kinda forgotten that now Oh yeah Yeah the one that got the shortest part that's the first one, that's the one that got married first That's the way it was {NW} Interviewer: Um 794: There's a whole lot of both sides I forgot, I used to know every one of them but I forgotten some of them. {NS} Interviewer: The fenced in place around the barn where the animals can walk around? 794: Well uh yes out in the lot, in the lot like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh course we've had uh sheds built around our barn We used to keep the right smartest stock and we'd always um keep a good stall shone with warm places and dry places for stead and we uh would build a barn like this room here and one here and we'd have a halls to them and then we'd build uh sheds all around it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and some of those sheds we'd we'd weatherboard up for stalls like and some of them we'd leave open {X} and dry when it rains. Interviewer: What would you call a place where they have a lot of milk cows? 794: Dairy. Interviewer: A-huh. Did you ever hear the word dairy used to mean anything else, besides a commercial farm? 794: No uh they used to have dairies here at Winnfield this side of Winnfield Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A doctor there of the name of Fitz, Doctor Fitz, he had a dairy there and um they'd have uh large sheds and then they'd have uh stalls for to put the cows in to milk them, to feed them and milk them Interviewer: Where did y'all keep milk and butter, to keep it from turning bad? 794: Well back those days we had to uh to put it in a tub of water and put it in vessels, you see, and we set that down in a tub of water. And uh we'd draw the water out of the well course we had just uh a rope and a pulley you see to draw it out then with and we put the milk in there and let it stay there 'til this water began to get kinda warm milk warm or something like that, we'd pour that out and put fresh water in it to keep it cool all the time we didn't have ice them days, to put it in and uh, that's the way, the only way they had to keep the milk and the butter and all thataway. Interviewer: Where would you keep potatoes and turnips during the winter, how would you keep them? 794: Uh potatoes, well we'd put the potatoes in the bank what we call a potato bank. Build up soil like the shape of a chicken {D: coog} and we'd have a shed over it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh the turnips we'd keep them in the ground. We wouldn't pull them up only if we used them, you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And we still do that here. Interviewer: When do 794: Turnips and mustard and stuff like that, and onions Interviewer: A-huh. 794: we keep them in the ground in the winter, one kind you do, and then the other kind you take them up and put them in sheds you see Interviewer: A-huh. If you were growing um, if you raised a lot of cotton, you'd say this year we had a good 794: Cotton crop. Interviewer: And the cotton would grow out in the 794: In the fields. Interviewer: What's something smaller than a field? 794: Well uh Just patches like they'd call them or a potato patch or a small corn patch or of course you could make it a small cotton co- patch either one. Interviewer: How big is a patch? 794: Well that's from you might say from a half to uh up to three acres, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: something like that. Interviewer: What sort of um, work do, when you're raising cotton, you go out there and you have to thin the cotton out? 794: Yeah you chop it out, it's what you call chopping, chop your cotton out you see you plant it with a planter and uh real thick and and you chop it out the distance you want for the part some folks chops it out uh one whole width or two whole width apart and some chopped it out further than that Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Now I used to raise right smart cotton. But I chopped my cotton out two foot apart. One stalk in a place, sometime two but mostly one And had my, my uh rows with the cotton planted on from uh three to three and a half foot apart. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And I finally got to putting it four foot apart. and uh and putting my rows, what we call a drill four foot apart. And I made more cotton and and uh then I'd top my cotton Hello there Pepper, come on come on {NW} come on he he's a pet dog but he's, he's a funny kind of a dog, sometimes you mush him up he thinks you're scolding him and he'll go the other way and he wouldn't come back at all, and sometimes he'll come right up and wrap on you and play with you like everything Uh Interviewer: What kind? 794: He- He's what you call a Chesterfield. His daddy is a Chesterfield and of course he's a Feist, a full blooded Feist, but his daddy is a Chesterfield all a simpler dog but they're kind of a peculiar dog. Interviewer: What does a Chesterfield look like? 794: Well uh something like him. And some of them's larger. I never did see one of them. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: There's a nephew of mine, or a nephew of uh that married one of my nieces, he give me that dog lived down near Alexander. And he brought that dog to me and told me says, Father, this dog is what they call a Chesterfield dog, says they're an awful smart dog and they're good for most anything. He's for squirrel, rabbits or armadillos Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or most anything thing thataway or coon or possum. Interviewer: Is a Feist a breed of dog or? 794: A-huh, yeah. yeah it's uh see there's different breeds of dogs. There's Feist dogs There's curry dogs, there's hound dogs, there's bull dogs. Interviewer: What's a curry dog? 794: Well that's a, what you call a stock dog, a regular stock a dog for to handle cattle and hogs sheep and most anything thataway with. You can train them you see You can train them to go in the woods and you can train them to pen stock with Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Or you can train them to catch them with Interviewer: Does it have any, is there any particular size or does it look? 794: Well uh uh stock dog need to be a pretty good size so if they catch a cow or a hog that they're large enough to hold them. You see until you get a hold of them yourself Interviewer: What would you call just a worthless dog, that wasn't any good? 794: Well There's uh several different kind of dogs that sometimes are not any good. And you can take some curry dogs not any good. Some that you can't train them for anything. Some that's got no willpower to do anything, you see and you can take a Feist, some Feist is a thataway and most any any kind of stock dog is thataway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kinds of grass grows up in the cotton field? 794: A well boll weevils Caterpillars Interviewer: Well what kinds of grass? 794: Grass Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Oh crab grass. Mostly crab grass course now there's some people's had Bermuda grass in there but they don't want this Bermuda grass but it- it- it gets in there anyway some time. And land's hard to cultivate with Bermuda grass or Johnson grass, either one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But in, in the hills this way it's mostly crab grass. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: But uh you can get rid of that. Uh well you you plow that under turn it under well it don't come out you see. But the Johnson grass or the Bermuda grass will. The only way you can kill that is to plow right up and let the sun shine on that and kill it or uh or put some some kind of stuff in there to kill it you see Interviewer: What different kinds of fences did people used to have? 794: Rail fence. Had rail fence. There they'd uh build a fence kinda like this Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Lay the rails across then thisaway and on thataway, crooked like Interviewer: What would, when you lay down the first layer. 794: That's uh the fence rail. uh uh the uh ground rail. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: #1 the ground rail. # Interviewer: #2 Any other name for that? # 794: Uh yeah. Worm rail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Call it the worm rail. Interviewer: Would you ever call it a worm fence? 794: No we never called it the worm fence, just called it the worm rail of the fence. Interviewer: When you want to make it taller, or at the ends of it you drive two rails down in the ground and cross them up at the top? 794: Yeah cross them at the top and then and then put a rail in a in this cross up at the top yeah well we used to do that when we'd have horses ready to jump or tear down the fence or cows either one. We, we'd uh build that fence about twelve rails high Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And then we'd put these uh rail a rail at two rails at each corner across the corners thataway and then put a rail up in that. Interviewer: What's that called? 794: Well um They uh they call that the um cross rail, cross {X} cross rail Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: fence. Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a stake and rider? 794: Yeah. Stake and lighter yeah. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Yeah. Yeah you'd put your stakes you see and then you Well a stake and a lighter that's uh that lighter that's a kind of a of a timber it is oh uh tha- tha- that there is uh like pine you see, rich and all. But uh this stake fence it's just called it a stake, the corner stakes you see above the top rail of the fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kinds of fence would you have around your yard? 794: We'd have picket fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Picket. Drove out of a timber you see just like boards is except they'd be longer and be narrow. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And they're pickets. And then we'd have {D:ladden} and nail the pickets to it, set the posts you see. Like those posts out there and then we'd put a {D:ladden} at the bottom about oh four five, three or four inches above the ground and then we'd put one at the top of the post uh close to the top oh about six to eight inches below the top generally we'd make the uh the pickets a little higher than the posts you see for a picket fence. {NS} I rolled out a many one. I used to have a first fence I had around here was a picket fence here and then I had a plank fence. Interviewer: What's a plank fence? 794: That's uh planks sawed just like a oh uh goes on the flooring of a house or any kind of building except you can you want them wider than this course now the other way they used to have the flooring in a house was twelve inches wide. This here floor this has the double flooring. The bottom floor it's twelve inches wide. And uh it- it- it- it's across thisaway. It runs across thisaway long plank, one by twelve and some of them's rich lightered. you can just almost see the rows and running out to put them in the sunshine you know sunshine on them let the resin run out of them. That that's pure heart like what they call lightered heart. Interviewer: This white fence, did it run horizontally like this? 794: Yeah, yeah it run across that way you you you set your post set your post and then you nailed your plank from one post to the other one and you let it come halfway this post you see and so that that the next panel You can nail it half to the post to nail it on. {NS} Interviewer: What kinds of wire fences would people have nowadays? 794: Well some has barbed wire and some has regular fence wire. Uh, some has this they used to have this Elwood wire but they don't have that now. Interviewer: What's Elwood wire? 794: uh it's a kind of heavy wiring and and close bars together Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For uh at the bottom part of it might say up to about thirty about twenty-four to thirty inches rabbit couldn't go through. And on up larger the bars were wider apart. Interviewer: What would you, go ahead. 794: And then they generally put a barbed wire on top of that to keep the stock from going over that you see. Interviewer: What would you call a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock? 794: Well I don't know, I never did see a fence built thataway. {X} Out of rock. I never did see a fence built out of rock. The only thing that I've ever seen a fence built out of is a is rails and lumber and pickets and wire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you carry water in? 794: Well we used to carry it in an old stone jug. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And uh we finally got to carrying glass jugs and then they got to making thermos jugs. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And we carried it in thermos jugs you see put your water in there and some ice in there and that'll keep your your water cold all all through the day you see. Interviewer: What would you draw the water in from the well? 794: In a bucket. Interviewer: What was it made out of? 794: Well way back yonder we used to have a wooden buckets, we'd make them out of cedar timber wooden water buckets. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then they got to making uh galvanized buckets. and then they got to making it out of aluminum. Interviewer: What would you milk in? 794: Well uh at mostly uh way back yonder mostly uh what kind of a tin bucket like what we call these big old lard buckets you used to put lard in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They'd hold about five quarts. of milk you see. And they they was ten buckets. Interviewer: What would you carry food to the hogs in? 794: Well we'd call it the slop bucket. Interviewer: And something you'd fry eggs in? 794: A skillet. Interviewer: Any other name for that? 794: Frying pan. Interviewer: What's the difference? 794: Well A skillet is a cast iron Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And a frying pan is lighter material you see, thiner it's not thick like uh a skillet and not made out of cast iron like a skillet is it's a different material you see. Interviewer: A-huh. Did you ever see something like a skillet that had little legs on it? 794: Yeah. Yeah, they called them a dutch oven. Interviewer: What about a spider? 794: A spider? Interviewer: Did you ever hear that? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: If you cut some flowers and wanted to keep them in the house, {NS} what could you put them in? 794: You'd have to ask her about that {NW} aux: Well what would she put them in, mind it? Interviewer: #1 Something that you # 794: #2 Oh a flower vase. # Interviewer: A-huh. 794: A flower vase, yeah. Interviewer: And if you were setting the table, next to each plate for everybody to eat with, you'd give everybody a? 794: Knife and a fork. Interviewer: And a? 794: And a plate. Interviewer: And if you had coffee, you might 794: Cup. Or a saucer. Interviewer: And a 794: And a spoon. Interviewer: And nowadays if you serve steak and it wasn't very tender, you'd have to put out steak 794: and hack it. with with a cleave, take a cleave and hack it. Interviewer: And if you had three people eating, you'd put out three forks and three spoons and 794: And three knives. Interviewer: And if the dishes were dirty, you'd say I have to go 794: Wash them. Interviewer: And after she washes the dishes 794: Dry them or scald them. Interviewer: To get the suds off she 794: Yeah. Interviewer: She ri- 794: You'd rinse them. Interviewer: What do you call the call the cloth or rag you use when you're washing them? 794: Call what? Interviewer: The cloth or rag you 794: Oh, dish rag {NW}, dish rag. Interviewer: What about when you dry them? 794: Drying rag. Interviewer: And to bathe your face with? 794: Towel. Interviewer: And to dry yourself 794: Uh Oh um {X} A bath towel uh bath towel yeah. Interviewer: And 794: And a wash rag. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Call it a wash rag and a bath towel. Interviewer: If you wanted to pour something from a big container into something that had a narrow mouth, to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a? 794: Funnel. Interviewer: And if you were driving horses and you wanted them to go faster you'd hit them with a? 794: A whoop or a switch. A switch or a whoop. Interviewer: Okay. And when you're driving them, you hold the? 794: Lines. Interviewer: What about when you're riding on them? 794: Uh you have uh bridle reins. You you have reins on your bridle. Interviewer: Your feet are in the 794: Is which? Interviewer: Your feet are in? 794: Oh, in your stirrups. Stirrups, yeah. And to make them go fast, if the horse is lazy or slow you use spurs Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And uh Interviewer: Did you ride much? 794: Oh I rode in many when there's with spurs and uh I broke a lot of horses to ride, had them to pitch with me and uh I never did have one to throw me though, I used to be a good rider Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And uh I never did have one to throw me uh uh pitching I've had them fall and stump over direct over me unexpected to me and had one fall through a bridge one time and Interviewer: Mm. 794: threw me over his head but I never did have one to throw me pitching but I've had them pitch with me 'til my nose would bleed it'd pitch so hard with me. Interviewer: Before you 794: And I broke them to plow. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Broke them to work the wagon. Broke them to work the buggy. and broke them to skid logs poles anything I went and broke them to work the cane mills grind cane to cook the juice to make syrup Interviewer: Before you can hitch one to a buggy or wagon, what do you have to do to it? 794: You have to curry him off, take a curry comb and curry him and take a brush and brush him to get the dirt off of him. Interviewer: A-huh. And then you 794: You'd put the collar on, put the bridle on him put the collar on him and put the harness on then fasten the hames Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Fasten the belly band, what they call the belly band. and uh then the wagon, where you work a pair of them while you have strops go from the britching to under the belly here to uh to a pole strop. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And they fasten the flank strop to the pole strop and you fasten this pole strop to the thing to to the breast hook on uh on the end of a wagon tongue Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then you have and then you have the breast change to hold it up you see And and this here pole strop and flank strop is when you're going down a hill pull back on your lines and make your horse pull back sit down kinda like to to hold the wagon and keep them from going so fast I done all that {NW} Interviewer: What do you have the traces fastened onto? 794: Well, well you have them fastened on the hames and then uh and and then you have a back band Interviewer: A-huh. 794: That you fastened on and what you call a belly band. Interviewer: What's a bar of wood that you fasten them onto? 794: Uh a dou- a singletree and a doubletree Interviewer: A-huh. And before you can hitch a horse to a buggy, you back him in between the? 794: Back him into the, the shafts. Or you hook him into it. You back him up into the shaft. Now some horses you can learn them to step over the shafts but there not many of them do that, most of them step on them and break them. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: But you generally {NW} back them into the shafts eh- eh- if they're not bad about stepping onto them but if one don't want to back into the shaft and don't like the shaft uh you have to have someone to hold your shafts up or prop your shafts up 'til you back your horse up right where you want them and then take let these shafts down on each side of him and pull him up a a little piece to put this ah- pieces that's on his back to hold uh shafts up in, and then back him up and fasten your traces. And then your lines and all all that. Interviewer: With the wheels of the wagon, the thing that runs across and holds one wheel to the other is called the? 794: That's the axle. Interviewer: And you have the hub of the wheel and then the spokes come out and what do they fit in? 794: Uh uh they fit in the uh uh the hub Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 The hub of a wheel. # Interviewer: #2 Well coming out from the hub. # 794: Well that's, that's the spokes and that goes into the felloe. And and then uh you take the uh the thimble Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you heat that and you put that down on this and you prize it down in there and then when it uh you get it on there you pour water on it to keep it from burning this wood. Course it's the best to pour linseed oil on it to begin with and uh but there's not many people do that it's too expensive. But uh After you build this one in the summer time dry weather your wagon gets kinda dry you can take uh linseed oil and boil it and and pour it on these wheels and all and that'll tighten the uh spokes into the hub and into the felloe. Interviewer: What goes over the felloe? 794: That's uh oh uh the tire, what they call the tire. 794: {X} It's a guard rail Interviewer: #1 the, the top of it? # 794: #2 Yeah, what they call a guard rail. # You see where they put these props across the corners and put that in there that holds it down that's braces the fence it's uh, it's a guard rail Interviewer: Um, what did flour used to come in? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Flour that you would buy, what would it come in? 794: Well uh it used to come in wood But {NS} you don't get in wood now. You you get it {NS} in uh {NS} you get it in {NS} in paper bags. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is a sack different from a bag? Well it's Well yeah some of it comes in cloth sacks but most of it comes in paper bags. Mm-hmm. 794: But uh they get some of it in cloth sacks now like that used to, large amounts you see. Interviewer: What was, you said it used to come in wood? 794: Uh flour used to come in wood, meal corn meal, what they make corn bread outta, that used to come in uh in in a wood sugar used to come in wood, vinegar come in wood Interviewer: What do you mean it'd come in wood? 794: Well it uh wooden barrels, large barrels, fifty gallon barrels Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well they uh they uh vinegar it come it it come in fifty gallon barrels and some of it ten gallon, ten gallon barrels some five gallon barrels, that's smaller you see. But the flour it mostly came in uh fifty gallon barrels and the meal did too. Course some would come in sack but the most of it came in, in wood. Interviewer: What did you call the things that would run around the barrels, to hold the wood in place? 794: Well it's um Let me see uh hoop Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Tin hoops. Interviewer: And what did nails come in? 794: Well uh they came in uh in wooden kegs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they had these tin hoops around them too. Interviewer: You seen a, a water barrel or a beer keg? 794: Yeah Interviewer: What do you turn to get the liquid out? 794: Faucet. Interviewer: What would you have out in your yard to turn to get water out? 794: Well you have faucets there too. Interviewer: What about at the sink? 794: Well yeah, you have a faucet there. #1 Same thing. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 794: Yeah. Interviewer: And, I think you'd mentioned um, syrup, what else is similar to syrup? 794: Well uh I believe that was all then, that and vinegar vinegar and syrup, that is, in a liquid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well, what's another name for syrup? 794: Molasses. Interviewer: Is there a difference? 794: No, it's it's all the same thing but just different names. People used to call it molasses Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: now they call it syrup. Interviewer: If you, did you ever hear it called long sweetening or short sweetening? 794: Well I guess it'd be uh The long sweetening I guess for it's uh it it it's just as sweet as it it can be, you see. Course the more you put in it just like you'd mix water with the more syrup you put the more sugar you put the sweeter it is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And in the drinks the same way. Interviewer: What would it come in if you'd buy it? 794: What it'd come in now? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Uh, you mean the drinks? Interviewer: No um, syrup or molasses. 794: Syr- syrup or molasses. Well it mostly comes in cans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: In cans, in in tin cans. Buckets. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called a stand? 794: Stand. I don't believe. Interviewer: And, to carry clothes out to hang them on the line, you'd carry them out in a clothes 794: I'd carry them out in a little basket. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Clothes basket. Interviewer: And nowadays, if an electric lamp wasn't burning, you'd have to screw in a new 794: Well i- i- if it if it's not a burning you have to, you have to operate on it see to, to pre- prepare it to burn now uh at times we have had hurricanes like here, some here and some put the lights out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And course we couldn't turn it on you see 'til they came and the electricity man came and fixed it but we have an old time uh what you call a coal oil lantern, kerosene and we like that we have two of them here, we have one here and we have one out at the camp house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would um, but if your electric lamp wasn't burning you might have to change the? 794: Uh bulbs in it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Sometimes the bulb burns out and sometimes the switch Mm-hmm. uh uh goes wrong you see, something with it. Interviewer: Did you ever see anyone make a lamp, using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? 794: Well uh yes there's uh you can use a rag {NW} and and kerosene that way or uh or if you if your globe gets uh real dirty you use that or soapy water is really the best. wash it out with soapy water with a rag and then then take a dry cloth and dry it out like that. Interviewer: What about, just taking it like a coke bottle and filling that with kerosene and putting a rag down in there, did you ever see anyone? 794: Well you yeah you can do that, you can put a rag in it or you can take this pine straw and put in there just like when you cut your wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Uh uh with a cross cut saw or any kind of saw and you sprinkle that on there on the saw you see take the turpentine off and make your saw run easier and all that if you don't put use this coal oil or kerosene on it {D: uh this resin oil will} cake up on it where you can't polish on it Interviewer: What would you call the lamp that you'd make yourself? 794: It'd do which? Interviewer: What would you call a lamp that you could make yourself? 794: Well I really don't know I believe on that course I never did make one you see a lamp and I never seen one made only at factories. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And I couldn't answer that question. Interviewer: If you opened a bottle and you wanted to close it back up you could stick in a? 794: {X} well uh you can put a cap on it some bottles you see has a cap on it and prize off and you mash that back down on it and some has uh, a cork in it that you can uh you can put that cork back in it. Interviewer: What would, if, if it's made out of glass, would you still call it a cork? 794: Made out of what? Interviewer: If it's made out of glass or #1 rubber # Interviewer: #2 grass? # Glass. 794: Well I suppose you would. Uh course I never seen one you see made out of that but I suppose you could. Interviewer: If it's made, like an old medicine bottle, and it has a glass 794: yeah Interviewer: thing you put in it, would you call it a cork? 794: Yeah, you call that a cork too. You see it's just like they used to make the old coke bottles you know it had a little cork and a little oh uh wire like went up here and you hit that and knock it down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and it spew up. Interviewer: {NW} 794: But uh, you can pull that back up in it but there's generally ever, scarcely ever do the same one you see they put a new one in there Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But that, that's a cork too. Now they used to call them stoppers. But uh it and the cork's all the same. Interviewer: Something that people would, a musical instrument you would blow on like this 794: French harp. I have one of them right in there. Interviewer: You have a? 794: Yep, French harp, yeah. And there used to be uh, a juice harp that you played thisaway, {X} {D:left}. Interviewer: Did you play that? 794: I used to did. And uh I don't have a juice harp now but I have a French harp now but I still play it and I used to pick a guitar. Interviewer: {NW} 794: Used to play up {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But I don't play any of that now. I got this uh hand mashed off this finger and then finally got that thumb course after I got this finger mashed off I'd still pick the guitar some but after I got this thumb mashed off I couldn't play it and uh I gave my guitar to my wife uh niece. She's taking music lessons and I gave it to her keep her head in the Bible. Interviewer: Um, if you wanted take some corn to the mill to be ground, what would you call the amount that you could take at one time? 794: Well you could take a bushel you could take a half a bushel, you could take a bushel or you could take two bushels. Way we'd carry it we'd put it in a sack throw it across the saddle, back of the saddle or up in front of the saddle, around the horn of the saddle on a horse and carry it thataway course some people carried it in a wagon some carried it in a buggy. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people call that sack a turn of corn? 794: Yeah. Yeah, turn of corn. Interviewer: What was a turn? 794: Well It's uh well that's most any amount you see of course small amount it wouldn't call it a turn if it was something like a wagon load they'd call that wagon load of corn but in sack small amount they'd call any of it any amount uh a gallon or peck or half a bushel a bushel or two three or four bushel or anything like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A turn. Interviewer: If you went out and got as much wood as you could carry in both your arms, you'd say you had a? 794: Load. Interviewer: {X} 794: Arm load of wood. Interviewer: And on a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood 794: Part of a load. Interviewer: Do you ever call that a jag? 794: A what? Interviewer: A jag? 794: No I don't believe it. I've heard of that though, heard of a jag of wood Interviewer: Huh 794: That's just the same as the part of a load you see, piece of a load Interviewer: Is it bigger, is it too big to carry, a jag? 794: Well Uh if it's an extra large amount it- it's overloaded that is for a wagon or either the same way in your arms overload. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What did feed used to come in? 794: Which? Interviewer: Feed. 794: Feed? Well uh feed comes in a sack. They used to come in uh grass sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh I have a bunch of grass sacks right out yonder that I have taken out of my potato house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and I and I put my potatoes in to haul them into the house you know and then of course in the wintertime I cut them up to grate with sacks or or hay grass something thataway to keep them from freezing. But uh now uh they don't they don't put them in grass sacks thataway they uh put them in uh a paper bag. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there another name for grass sack? No. I don't think there is, I never did hear of it. Just grass sacks. What about croker sack or toe sack? 794: Well uh They're called, some of them call them toe sacks, but it's it's all made out of the same stuff you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It's grass, grass sacks. And uh But uh they don't put it in grass sacks now I guess they quit making it use that stuff for something else and just like hay when they'd cut the hay and bale it up Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Take it to a press and bale it why they used to put wire around it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But they haven't done that for the last uh fifteen or twenty years. They use uh oh strings, grass strings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For to tie it up with. Interviewer: If your wagon wheel was squeaking, what would you say you had to do to it? 794: Well uh, you you put grease on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh uh axle grease. Interviewer: So you say you 794: take the wheel off undo that that the screw on, that is the tap some call it the nut, but it's the tap {NS} {X} Protect name for it and uh you take that off and you pull your wheel off a piece and take your paddles and get your grease out of the can or whatever it's in and put it on there smear it down on it and then put your wheel back on and then when it turns that makes it just easier to turn you see it makes it easier for for horses to pull. Interviewer: So what would you say you'd done to the wagon wheel? 794: Greased it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd say you um, 794: Greased it, greased the wagon. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If grease got all over your hands, you'd say your hands were all 794: All greasy. Interviewer: And something you could use if you wanted to chop a log, a frame like this, an X shaped frame? 794: An ax. Ax. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's the frame you could set the log in? 794: Well you you can you put it in uh in what they call a rack, they called it a rack you see, it's it's a wood uh built out of wood but wooden rack. It's a wood rack. Interviewer: How do you build one? 794: Well you you put your pole down thisaway about six or eight or twelve inches through and then you cut your stobs long enough to uh to drive in the ground deep enough to hold and to put it across this log and then one across thisaway and you drive them in the ground deep enough so when you put the wood in there the log in there it won't uh kick up you see Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: and you put it up high enough for the something like the to the top of your log Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And sometimes if if it's a small log it goes a little higher and of course a larger log sometimes don't go quite as high. and uh, you saw it up and you make this uh you if it's uh kind of sharp poles you just put three across that's one at each one and one in the center Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 And you build # Interviewer: #2 an X # 794: And yeah you build this center one a little higher than you do each one of the end ones to keep it from pinching you see the top closing together when you catching your saw when you go to saw it. and sometimes you have to use a wedge Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to drive in there a wooden wedge with a ax uh something like a seasoned hickory timber wedge or um if it's a large stuff you take an iron wedge and drive it with a iron sledge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you use if you wanted to saw a board, what's the A-shaped frame carpenters use? 794: To saw off a Interviewer: a board. 794: board oh Interviewer: They'd have two of them 794: Yeah well um if you saw them uh you can't scarcely saw a board that is like uh that wet you know plant like uh that generally goes to a shingle mill. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Now uh if you saw it in two, course the length of it you'd saw it with a cross cut saw or or power saw or buck saw course a buck saw it's uh slow sawing, pretty hard sawing too Interviewer: What's the the frame you could set it in though? Did you ever see something that looks like this? You'd have a A-shaped frame that goes across at the top there? Got legs like these would be the legs and it's got a board across here? 794: Well that's the shape of the top of a house, you see. Interviewer: uh-huh 794: That's what you call the comb of the house. Interviewer: Well, not, not with the house on it. You could um, it's a frame that carpenters use, have a board here and a board here. 794: Oh yeah. Yeah well they call that uh, they call that a jack. A jack frame. And uh, and you could take uh You- you- You could make a frame To saw uh any, any width any way you wanna saw it to give it so much shape you see or or two inch one inch, two inch, or three or four or whatever you want to. Interviewer: What do you use the jack frame for? 794: Well uh You use that for the to saw uh lumber with That's for to brace it you see, something to put it on to hold it to make it solid so you can saw it Interviewer: Is that the same as a horse? 794: Yeah, same as a horse, as a saw horse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Same thing. Interviewer: {X} What's something you'd put in a pistol? 794: Put in a pistol? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Bullets. Interviewer: Is there another name for bullets? 794: Well, they call it ammunition. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Bullets and ammunition That's all that uh, there is to it you #1 see. # Interviewer: #2 What about {X} # 794: What? Interviewer: Did you ever hear another name for it though? 794: No, that's the only names I ever heard. Interviewer: What about {X}? 794: Well {X} now just like uh it's different kinds of guns, course if- if- if you call it shells Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: for a shot gun or rifle either one. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {X} This uh ammunition, this uh powder, and this bullet goes in you see, they call it a shell. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever call it a cork? 794: A what? Interviewer: Cottage or cartridge? 794: Yeah well you can call it cottage too, but a cottage, that that uh means the whole thing that they the ammunitioning, the powder, and the bullet all in it. and that, that's a cottage. Interviewer: What would you sharpen a straight razor on? 794: Well, you'd have uh ra- a razor uh blade uh I mean uh a strap Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or you can have a a stone, a razor uh whetrock. {NW} And you can sharpen them on that, bring them down to a rough edge. And then you can take in uh a a a leather strap that you hang up, and then you strap them back and forth thataway on it. You can sharpen a razor on that or a knife. or anything thataway. And I have taken them and sharpened my ax on them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But you generally take uh uh uh file to a ax or uh, or a grindstone when I have grindstones out here I have uh a emery wheel that there's to cut down you see if it's too thick that's to grind it down thin. And then you can take and put it to uh a grind stone it it's fine just like this here and put the edge on it to make it real sharp. Interviewer: What's something that children would play on? You'd take a board and it'd go up and down, like this? 794: Well uh Now uh I've used that for bird traps. Pedal, that's a pedal. Interviewer: How, how do you make that? 794: Well You uh you make it you take you a little stick and set it about this high Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and you kinda sharp slope both sides of it here. Then you take you a long Gonna go back under your, your trap And you let it come to here and you cut a notch in here and and then you let it come out here and uh you cut a little notch in the top part of it and you take uh another one and you cut a little notch to go on this and slope it and then slope it here and you put it in there and you, and this sure holds it up and this holds the trap up and and so uh and you put feed on the trap, pull this pedal in and the bird gets in there eating this feed and catch this pedal and knock it down and it'll fall along you see, you got your birds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NW} Interviewer: What sort of um, things did people used to build for children to play on? 794: Oh uh merry-go-round. merry-go-round. Interviewer: Was there another name for that? 794: Well um Let me see, yes there's another name for it if I can think of it now. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of flying...? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Flying? 794: Flying, flying Jenny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah, flying Jenny. Yeah. I made them many one, us boys used to make them in school. {NW} And uh One'd get on each end of it {NW} Two would get on to push it around and tear it sometimes fast it'd sling them off Interviewer: {NW} What's something that you'd take a board and lay it across a {D: trussle} and it would go up and down, and a child would sit at each end? 794: That's uh what they call a ridey horse. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A ridey horse. Interviewer: If you saw some children playing on that, you'd say they were doing what? 794: Well sometimes they, they'd ride too fast and go up and down too fast you see and sometime one would come down so fast and throw the other one off Interviewer: {NW} Did you ever see anyone take a board and anchor it down at both ends and children would get on the middle and jump up and down? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What'd they call that? 794: Well that's a spring board. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: What they call a spring board. Interviewer: How would you make one? 794: Well you could just take uh take a plank a one by six or a one by twelve and uh take it out on the level ground and make you a block something like this high or high as you want it and put it at each end fasten each end of it to this block and uh you can get in the middle and jump up and down, it'll spring and if it if you jump up and down hard sometimes it'll throw you way up yonder sometimes it, it'll you get over balanced and and and you won't come back on the board, you'll fall over sometimes. Interviewer: {NW} What could you make with a long rope tied to a tree limb? #1 and put a seat on it? # 794: #2 Swing. # A swing. Yeah. Yeah I'd take my long ropes and tie it to the limb up here and let it each end of it, let it come down here in the middle and and put a board across it here, to sit on, to swing and then sometimes you can put your little cushion in there if you want to. And, and someone will swing you swing you way up high each way thataway and and two can get in that, put a board in there and two can get in there stand up in there one on each side you see and and let their feet rest on that {D: And someone wanna} start them and they can swing each other way up back and forth thataway too. Interviewer: What would you carry coal in? 794: Coal. Well uh You generally carry it in uh in in a bucket, some kind of a bucket or or you can put it in uh, a box if you have a box made you can put it in it. A bucket or box either one. Interviewer: What's the thing that runs from the stove to the chimney? 794: Pipe. Stove to oh, stove to the chimney? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well what does the pipe fit in? 794: Well uh, that's the flue, that's the flue pipe. It- it- it goes fastens to the stove, goes to the chimney goes on in it you see that's the flue pipe Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then uh where you finish it up in top your house in your loft thataway uh you can put a flan up there Interviewer: A what? 794: A flan, what they call a flan. I have one out here in my little camp house but the most people build the flue, with brick. Interviewer: What's a flan? #1 What does it look like? # 794: #2 A flan # Is uh, it's uh it's a thing that you it with a hole in it and it comes out all the way around, something like about like that that you fasten to the top of your house to hold it there and uh this pipe goes up through it the bottom pipe goes up through it and then the top pipe comes down over it to make the smoke go up in it so it won't go out and then you have uh dampers to your stove you see and some people puts uh puts a damper in the pipe {X} the stove joints Interviewer: If you wanted to move bricks or something heavy like that, what could you use to move it in? It's got a little wheel in the front. 794: Well uh you could move it in a wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Is there another name for that? 794: No, wheelbarrow is the only thing for that. or you can move it in a wagon a little wagon Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a Georgia buggy? 794: A what? Interviewer: A Georgia buggy? 794: No I don't believe I have Uh. I believe that that is uh something like at the carry um uh groceries or heavy groceries or feed or some kind of uh a machinery well I mean uh furniture or something out of the stores. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I think that's what that is. Interviewer: Does it have two wheels, you mean? 794: Yeah have two wheels yeah. Interviewer: And 794: They have two wheels and then they have uh little pieces this way to hold it up you see and then the handles to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Something everybody drives nowadays, you call a? 794: Cars? Interviewer: Any other name for car? 794: Well there's trucks. There's cars and there's trucks. Course I have a truck out here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Some people has trucks, some has cars. Interviewer: Inside the tire of the car, you have the inner? 794: Have which? Interviewer: Inside the tire of the car? 794: Inner tube. Interviewer: And if someone had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water, they'd say they were going to 794: Chink it. Chink the boat. They used to take cotton and chink the cracks you see so water wouldn't come through there it'd stop the water and then they'd put the the boats in the water and let that timber swell up you see and stop these cracks in it yeah they do that. Course now lots of them makes metal Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: boats. Interviewer: What kinds of boats did people used to have? 794: Wooden boats. Paddle boats. They used it with a paddle. Interviewer: What shape was that? 794: Well, it was uh a kinda uh the bottom part kinda shaped up a little bit at each end and it's wide in the center and uh and it slopes up a little bit in there something like that at each end Interviewer: #1 It points at both ends? # 794: #2 Yeah. # Points at both ends, yep. Interviewer: Say if a child was just learning to dress himself, the mother would bring in the clothes and tell him now here, what your clothes, here 794: If the mother was to bring the clothes in? Interviewer: She'd tell the child now here... 794: To bring the clothes in to dry I believe Interviewer: If she brings, if the child is learning to dress himself, she brings the clothes in and she tells him now here 794: Tell him to go ahead and and dress theirselves. Interviewer: Here what your clothes? 794: Yeah here's your clothes, now you dress yourself. Put your clothes on. Some says put them on, some says dress yourself. Interviewer: If you was taking a child to the dentist and he was scared, the dentist might say, you don't need to be scared, I what gonna hurt you? 794: I'm not gonna hurt you, we won't hurt you. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word ain't? 794: Yeah. Heard the word ain't. Interviewer: #1 How would you use it? # 794: #2 It ain't, it it ain't uh gonna hurt you. # Interviewer: #1 Mmkay. # 794: #2 Ain't a gonna hurt you, yeah. # Interviewer: Um, if I ask you if that was you I saw in town yesterday, you might say no, it, I didn't go to town so it what? 794: No I didn't go to town, so I didn't need to go or something happened you know and I didn't go. Interviewer: Or if I, if I ask you if that was you that I saw in town, you might say no, it 794: Yeah that if you, it wasn't me I'd say no, it wasn't me. Interviewer: And if a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color, she'd taken along a little square of cloth to use as a 794: Yeah, to get the correct color Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: of the dress. Interviewer: She'd call that a little 794: Uh oh uh Sample. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A little sample. Interviewer: If she sees a dress she likes a lot, she'd say the dress is very 794: uh uh uh very uh suitable. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yes, suitable. Interviewer: Or if she likes the way it looks, she'd say it's very 794: Nice. Interviewer: And, something you could wear over your dress in the kitchen? 794: Apron. Interviewer: And to sign your name in ink you'd use a? 794: uh end of a pencil. or uh pen and ink. Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place #1 you'd use # 794: #2 safety pin. # Interviewer: And a dime is worth? Talking about money. 794: Oh. A dime is worth in a way you see, it- it's worth more than two nickels is because it's silver. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and the nickels are made out of nickel stuff you see, it's not as val- valuable, as uh silver is. Interviewer: Well, you could say a dime is two nickels or it's 794: two nickels or a dime. Interviewer: Or 794: Just one dime. One dime or two nickels. Interviewer: What else is smaller than a dime? 794: Penny. Interviewer: So a dime is worth? 794: Ten pennies. Interviewer: And, what would a man wear to church on Sunday? 794: This which? Interviewer: What would a man wear to church on Sunday? 794: What would he wear to church? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 794: Well Of course they go in different so many ways you know dress and all some wear uh shirt and trousers, course they'll all wear their underwear you see. And some wears a kind of a jumper and some wears a coat Interviewer: #1 If he's all dressed up # 794: #2 And some wears a jacket # like and wear a tie Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But most of them goes without ties now. Go with a top shirt unbuttoned thisaway like that. Interviewer: If, if he was wearing his best clothes he'd say that he was wearing a 794: A suit. Interviewer: And if he'd just bought it it'd be a brand 794: brand new. Brand new. Brand new suit. Interviewer: What were the parts of a three piece suit? 794: Do which? Interviewer: A three piece suit? Well 794: A three piece suit Would that be a coat and trousers and a shirt. Interviewer: Well what's an old fashioned thing people would wear, that didn't have any sleeves they'd wear it over their shirt? 794: A jacket. Interviewer: What did, what did a jacket look like? 794: Well, it's it's about the same as a sweater, what you call as sweater you see or a jacket Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Either one. Interviewer: Is that the same as a vest? 794: Yeah, about the same. Same as a dress? Interviewer: As a vest. 794: No, no that's different from a vest. A vest is is uh a piece that uh course that you button up like you do a uh a dress coat you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You button it up here in front and it's uh and the sleeves no sleeves at all and it and it it come down on the shoulder just about here at the top of your shoulder and a course it's down low here in front Interviewer: And a jacket has sleeves? 794: Well mostly jackets does, some of them has kind of a short sleeves like like some shirts but mostly jackets it it is long sleeve, that is for winter wear you see. Course in the summer wear they scarcely ever did wear a jacket. Interviewer: What's another name for trousers? 794: Pants. Interviewer: What would um, farmers wear that would come up? 794: Suspenders they, some call them gallus Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Gallus. And but the correct name I think is suspenders. Interviewer: What, what would be made out of denim that would come up in front? That had this? 794: Oh That was overalls, that was uh uh Overalls with a bib to it. They're called a bib. Interviewer: Did you wear those? 794: I used to wear them. Yeah when I uh small boy but I I got to wherein I was working in timber sawing, with a cross cut saw I'm right handed sawing of course you lean over that side and that suspenders keep dropping of and get in the way on my arm and I quit wearing them and went to wearing a belt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh I wore a belt ever since and ever since I was about oh I guess about fifteen years old something like that Interviewer: If you went outside without your coat and you were getting cold and you wanted it, you'd ask someone would you run inside and 794: Get my coat. Coat or jacket one. Interviewer: And what it to me? 794: Yeah bring it to me, that's right. Interviewer: So you'd say so he went inside and he got it and 794: brought it to me. Interviewer: And you'd say here I have 794: brought you a coat, or your jacket to you. Interviewer: And you'd say that coat won't fit this year, but last year it 794: It had fit me {X} I've outgrowed-ed it Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets, it makes them 794: Un-convenient. It it's bundlesome in your pocket. Interviewer: And it makes your pockets do what? 794: Stick out. It makes your pockets stick out. Interviewer: What's another way of saying stick out? 794: Well it'd bulge out, makes your pocket bulge out. Interviewer: And you'd say that shirt used to fit me, but then I washed it and it 794: And it's drawed up. Shrunk up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Drawed up or shrunk up either one. Interviewer: And you'd say every shirt I've washed recently has 794: has shrunk up. Interviewer: And I hope this shirt doesn't 794: That's right. Interviewer: Hope it doesn't what? 794: Don't draw up. Interviewer: What? 794: Don't draw up or don't shrink up. Interviewer: And if a woman likes to put on good clothes, you'd say she likes to 794: Dress up. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 794: Well Yes, about the same thing I suppose, they wants to dress up you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's to put on better clothes. Interviewer: What would you say about a woman who stands in front of the mirror and 794: Beautifying herself {NW} uh painting her lips or her cheeks or her um let me see look pretty. or pleasant. Interviewer: Do you ever say doll up or #1 primp? # 794: #2 doll up, yeah. # Doll up or primp up. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? 794: Well yes. Kinda primp up, not say doll up but primp up mostly for a man. Interviewer: What would you call a man who primps a lot? 794: A jelly bean. Interviewer: What does that mean, to call someone a jelly bean? 794: Well that's uh one it's tries to be up to date so important and all. And looks so nice, so neat and all. That's what you call a jelly bean. Interviewer: Would you be kinda laughing at him when you #1 called him that? # 794: #2 Yeah, yeah kinda laughing at him. # Well now you get to talking you know popping off, bragging, boasting or something like that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: You're, you're laughing at them then. Interviewer: Something that woman would wear around her neck? 794: Beads. Interviewer: You'd call that a what of beads? 794: Well {X} You call it kind of beads or uh necklace Interviewer: #1 Would you say a pair of beads or a string of beads? # 794: #2 Pair of beads, yeah. # Pair of beads or string of beads either one. Interviewer: Which would you call it? 794: Well I believe I'd call it uh uh a string of beads. Interviewer: What would she wear around her wrist? 794: A wrist watch or a bracelet a bracelet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or a wristwatch. Interviewer: And something you could carry your money in? 794: Purse. Interviewer: And what you'd hold over you when it rains? 794: Parasol. Interviewer: Is there another name for that? 794: Umbrella. Interviewer: #1 Is that the same thing? # 794: #2 Umbrella, yeah same thing yeah. # Interviewer: And the last thing you put on a bed, the fancy cover is called the? 794: The last thing you put on what? Interviewer: On a bed. 794: Bed? Bedspread. Interviewer: What did women used to make, to put on? 794: Quilts. Quilts. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They make quilts and and uh they make bedspreads, my wife, she's made bedspreads Interviewer: Do you still make them? aux: No, I made a knitted one you know out of knitted wraps Interviewer: uh-huh aux: some {X} and it's all colors they used to call them counterpanes didn't them 794: Yeah you can call them counterpanes. They used to call them all kind and make them buy one and say I want a counterpane to go on it. But now they call them bedspreads, they don't call them counterpanes. aux: No they don't call them counterpanes. Interviewer: At the head of the bed you put your head on a? 794: Pillow. Interviewer: Do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow? 794: Bolster. Interviewer: How far across did it go? 794: It goes across your bed, all the way across your bed, to the end of the bed. Interviewer: Say if you have a lot of company and you didn't have enough beds for everyone, for the children to sleep on down on the floor you'd make a? 794: Make a pallet on the floor. Took out a quilt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Sometime you have a extra bed on the bed you put that down a mattress, something like that. Interviewer: What different kinds of land are there? 794: Plan? Interviewer: Land. 794: Land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well There's, there's a san- sandy land there's uh red clay land there's gumbo land there's post oak land and there's prairie land. Interviewer: What's post oak land? 794: Well it it's a kind of a cold natured land and a kind of a stiff kind of a stiff sand. it it's kind of uh a stiff pack sand. Interviewer: What do, what do you mean cold natured? 794: Well that's uh that's uh {X} low land, it's um it's, it's a glade land kind of a glade uh glade land it's it's a hard packed land and it's uh it stays packed, you can plow it up or dist it and it come a raining on it and it's packed back down tight again thataway. And it's a cold natured land it uh you'll have to put a kind of fertilizer on mostly barn yard fertilize for to warm it up for it, for it to make anything or you um put nitrous soda on it, fertilize it and stuff with nitrous sodium and you have to put that kind of a land on a bed you can't put it down low like it's calling a water fir and leave it your land flat your have to take your plows and and bed it up in ridges like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: To um for it to make Interviewer: What's prairie land like? 794: Well it it's uh it's a dark land it's not plum black but it's dark and uh and it it it's uh when it gets wet it's uh sticky 'til you walk across 'til you get so much mud on your shoes you have to take a paddle and get it off. Interviewer: Is that the same as gumbo there? 794: Yeah, Interviewer: #1 {X} # 794: #2 something like, # something like gumbo, course uh Uh, there's a prairie gumbo and is a hill gumbo. Course now this hill gumbo it's a kind of a red like land but the prairie is is uh is uh what they call a black land {X} it's dark, it's not just black but it- it- it's dark, something like dark as that there grisled post out yonder Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course now when it gets wet it's darker than it is when it's dry Interviewer: What sort of things would you grow in a prairie? 794: Well you you grow hay, on it and you can grow corn on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But you can't grow cane on it, sugarcane if you do why the the juice is not fit to drink or it's not fit to make syrup out of Interviewer: Why is that? 794: Well it's a different nature land, it is Interviewer: What kind of natured land does sugar 794: Well you you want hill land, loose sandy land Oh uh warm natured land for to raise cane Interviewer: #1 Loose land is warm natured? # 794: #2 Yeah loose land is warm # natured land. And uh what they call a sandy land. Interviewer: Do you ever hear that called loam or loom? 794: Loom. Interviewer: Or loam? 794: I don't believe I ever did. Interviewer: What would you call, you'd say, we don't have to we expect a big crop from this field because the soil is very 794: Rich. #1 Rich. # Interviewer: #2 What's another word for rich? # 794: Strong. Strong land. Interviewer: Anything else? 794: No, strong and rich. And and fertilized, fer- fertile land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And that's rich too you see, fertile is. Interviewer: What would you call the land next to a river or a creek, that's kind of low? 794: Well you call it hammock land. In these hills what's level land thataway is is a hammock it's a kind of a sand but it's uh it it's a smaller grain sand than the hill land is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about bottom land or low land? 794: Well the bottom land, some of it's hammock land and uh and some of it is uh what you call these here branch bottoms, creek bottom land Interviewer: Is that good? 794: Yeah that's good too. Interviewer: What would you call land that's got water standing on it most of the time? 794: Well {NW} That's a kind of a swamp land Interviewer: MM-hmm. 794: Those things are. Interviewer: Would you still call it a swamp if it was salt water in it? 794: Yeah. Still a swamp. Interviewer: What about a marsh? 794: Which? Interviewer: Marsh. 794: Moist. Well uh {NS} Uh land uh moist land That's like it's after a rain you see, it's got plenty moisture and it wets it and that makes plenty moist in it and you plant anything on moist land thataway after rain it'll come up quicker than when it's dry land Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you have some swampy land and you wanted to get the water off it? 794: Well you you'd have to ditch it some time to drain it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Trick ditches and drain it thataway. Interviewer: What would you call something like a ditch that you'd cut that's big enough for a small boat to go through? Would you still call it a ditch? 794: Well I let me see Large enough for a boat to go through, I suppose you'd call it a valley Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Call it a valley. Interviewer: And, if you'd had a heavy rain and maybe down the side of a slope a lot of water had washed some of the dirt away, it would leak under the narrow place? 794: Yeah, leave it narrow, make it deeper Interviewer: What would you call that? 794: Well uh a ditch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You call that a ditch. Interviewer: Have you ever seen it when it, a whole lot of land washes away and it gets real deep and narrow? 794: Yeah. Yeah I've seen that. Interviewer: What's that called? 794: Well uh Well that that uh I'd say that ruins the land that's that just the gully washed in it and course that's not good to cultivate then but if it washes and gets large enough and it rains often enough why you can call that that a branch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or a creek either one. Or if uh it has springs on it you call it a spring branch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call something like a gully that's big enough for like one of these large trees to be in? I mean it's that, that deep? 794: Well you call that a gully or a ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Either one. Either way it's about the same. Interviewer: What are the names of some of the creeks and things around here? 794: Well There's one creek between here and Winnfield called Cedar Cedar Creek Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then the creek that it runs into is Dugdemona. That's a river. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then Dugdemona runs into another river larger than that they call Little River. And then Little River runs into {D:Washtaw} River. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Oh no Little River runs into Red River and Red River runs into Washtaw River. See it just keeps getting larger Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And lower land it's larger rivers thataway. Interviewer: What's the difference between a creek and a branch? 794: Well a creek is larger than a branch. A branch is something small you see. And and a creek is larger and a river is larger than a creek. Interviewer: Is there anything between the sizes of a creek and a river? 794: Well yes Course there's some creeks that's pretty good size is is large as some rivers, small rivers but most rivers is is larger than at least a third, probably as large again {X} as a creek is. Interviewer: What about the word bye, bayou or bayou? 794: Bayou. Well that's something like a slough Something like a slough. Uh, where water stands in And of course when in that's a kind of bottom land like something like swamp land and if it rains a whole lot well the water at the lower end of little part of this the lower side of it the water will drain out down to the banks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and of course when it gets to the bank, why it don't no more drain out but it stays dry a long time it'll kind of dry up in there and keep the water keep from getting lower in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But you'd call that a? 794: You, well you could some called it a slew and some called it a bayou. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Which would you call it? 794: Well {X} if it's a extra-large one I'd call it a bayou. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Where it's kinda smaller I'd call it a slough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call a small rise in land? 794: Well That is uh a hill land that's something like a mountain. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Call it a mountain. Interviewer: To open the door you take hold of the door? #1 What you # 794: #2 knob. # The door knob. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word knob talking about land? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Use the word knob talking about land? 794: No. Interviewer: What do you call the rocky side of the mountain, that drops off real sharp? 794: The rocky side of it that drops off lower? Well uh Interviewer: Kinda hangs over? 794: Yeah I I suppose you call that the drainage Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The drainage of it. Interviewer: Well on a mountain the 794: Well that'd be the valley Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 794: #2 of # the mountain, that'd be the valley over the lower parts you see Interviewer: What do you call the part that hangs over? The, the rocky side that just drops off? 794: And just hangs over? Interviewer: Say someone's cart went over the 794: Well Let me see. Interviewer: Did you ever call that a rock cliffed or a cliff? 794: Yeah, you call that a cliff a rock cliff. Or even if it's uh if it's dirt not rock in it it's still a cliff but uh if it's got rock in it you call it a rock cliff Interviewer: Talking about several of those, you talk about several 794: Several cliffs. Or uh several valleys. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had a stream of water that was flowing along and it dropped off and went over down several feet, you'd call that a 794: Well you'd call that uh Let me see, I know what that is let me think of it {D: Oh sure} can't think right now they have one over here between here and and Natchez Interviewer: Would you ever call that a pour over or falls or waterfall? 794: Well you can call it a waterfall if you want to. Or you call it a dam. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A dam. Now they have a dam over here between here and Clarence between Winnfield and Clarence kinda out right they uh they call that a dam Allen dam. Fellow name of Allen used to go to it and they named it after him, Allen. Allen dam. Interviewer: Um, a place where boats stop and freights unloaded. 794: Well uh That's uh, that's a kind of a ocean like Interviewer: Or on a river maybe. Where the boats can #1 stop # 794: #2 Yeah well at the river that's um # Ah I can't think of that right now but they have one in New Orleans {NS} where they the ships land Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Ship landing. and where they they land there at the ship landing and they unload Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: this you see, they goes furniture or anything that they have in it it's what they call a ship landing. Interviewer: What kinds of roads do they have around here? 794: Well they have gravel roads, they have uh asphalt roads they call them black top some does Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they have paved roads. Interviewer: What's a paved road look like? 794: Now that's a kind of a cement, that's made out of cement, that's made out of uh gravel sand lyme and uh let's see something else, lyme and Interviewer: What about black sticky stuff? 794: Well that's uh that's a kind of uh it it's a kind of a oil and uh I know it if I can think of it it's kind of a tar Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Iron. An- and {X} it's kind of a tar like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cold tar. Interviewer: What would you call a little road that turns off the main road? 794: Intersection. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: #1 Intersection. # Interviewer: #2 Out in the country. # 794: Well that that's a intersection road of- of a main road you see and then the country road turns off that's an intersection just like this road this here's the intersection here uh at each end up here in the paved road one six seven uh this black top road down here uh {B} that's the number of it. but that, that's intersection. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A road that leads up to a person's house is called a? 794: Sediment road. Interviewer: What about a a road that goes out um between two pastures, it's got a fence on both sides? 794: A lane. Interviewer: Does a lane have to have a fence or trees on both sides? 794: Yeah it has to a- a lane has to have a fence Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: on both sides trees wouldn't make a lane you see. You have to have a fence on each side to where stock or anything can't go through it Interviewer: How big is a lane, how wide? 794: Well, it's supposed to be uh something like uh forty foot wide the lane does. The rightaway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh, of course if it didn't a lane now some of them they make them they make them thirty foot but they're supposed to be forty foot a lane is now rightaway like this out here is supposed to be thirty foot. Thirty foot now of course the main road you see {X} is something like forty foot. The like these paved roads go to Alexander to Winnfield, Shreveport, Monroe and Ruston and all like that. This supposed to be about forty foot. Now where they uh I have a four lane road course that has to be uh that has to be something like fifty between fifty and sixty foot rightaway. Interviewer: A road in town is called a 794: Street. Interviewer: What do you call the thing along the edge of the street for people to walk on? 794: Sidewalks. Interviewer: And there's a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? 794: Well uh no it's supposed to be not if it's concrete streets now the way it used to be if it is gravel there were a strip of grass between there you see but since they concrete it they they have it concreted all the way from the side walk to the main road and all. Interviewer: What did you call that strip of grass that they used to have? 794: Between the the uh Interviewer: #1 the sidewalk and the street # 794: #2 sidewalk # Well I don't believe that I remember what they call that uh between the sidewalk and the main uh there's a kind of a pass too Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Kind of a pathway like. Interviewer: And up in the mountains Where the road goes across in a low place, you'd call that a? 794: You'd call that a valley. Interviewer: Or if it's higher than a valley, it's just a low place between the mountains? Would you ever call that a gap or a pass or a notch? 794: Well I really don't know, I don't believe, what they call that for I never was in that place where they had those. I really don't know I don't believe what they call that Interviewer: Say if you were walking along the side of the road and an animal jumped out and scared you, you'd say I picked up a? 794: Rock or stick. Interviewer: And did what? 794: Threw at it. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides threw at him? 794: Uh struck at him strike at him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about chumped or pitched? 794: Well you can take a uh a chunk and throw it at him Interviewer: What's a chunk? 794: Well that's a piece of wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Club of wood. Small club. Interviewer: And if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered, you'd say well I guess he's not 794: Not here. Interviewer: #1 Or I guess # 794: #2 Not not at home or # not here one. Interviewer: And if someone had come here to see your wife and you met them out in the yard you might say she's what the kitchen? 794: She's in the kitchen or in the bedroom or Interviewer: Mm-kay. 794: side room or bathroom or something thataway. Interviewer: And if someone's walking in your direction you say he's coming straight 794: towards me. Interviewer: And if you went into town and you happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say this morning I just happened to 794: see someone that I hadn't saw in a good while. Interviewer: Or happened to run 794: Happened to run into someone that I hadn't saw in a good while. Interviewer: And if a child is given the same name that her mother has, you'd say they named the child 794: After it's mother. Interviewer: And something that that people drink for breakfast? 794: Coffee. Interviewer: If you wanted some coffee and there wasn't any ready, you'd say I guess I have to go 794: To the store. Interviewer: And then have to come home and 794: have to come home and make the coffee. Interviewer: And talking about putting milk in your coffee, you'd say some people like it 794: Cream in your coffee. Interviewer: Or talking about milk, you'd say 794: Milk Interviewer: Some people drink their coffee 794: with milk. Interviewer: And other people drink it 794: with cream, and some drinks it black. Interviewer: You say black coffee isn't coffee with milk, it's coffee 794: Pure coffee. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Pure coffee. Interviewer: Any other name for black coffee? 794: Black coffee and pure coffee. I believe is the only two uh names correct names for what it's supposed to be for it. Only ones I ever did hear, are black coffee and pure coffee. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of people say drinking coffee bare footed? 794: {X} which? Interviewer: Drinking coffee bare footed? 794: Bare footed? Interviewer: To mean black coffee? 794: Oh yeah, black coffee, yeah. Drink it bla- uh bare footed, that's black coffee too. Interviewer: And you'd tell a child, you can eat what's put before you or you can do 794: Without. Interviewer: And talking about distance, you'd say I don't know just exactly how far away it is but it's just a 794: Pretty good distance Interviewer: Or it's just a little 794: Or just a small distance little distance either one Interviewer: and if you'd been traveling and still had about two hundred miles to go, you'd say you still had a 794: Uh, a pretty good distance to go. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you ever call that a fur piece or a long 794: Far piece, yeah, far piece to go. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah. Some called it a fur, but the correct name is far. But fur you see that that's a a fur like you build coats out of things like that off of animals, sheeps, and things like that That that's a fur. Interviewer: And if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place, you'd tell someone oh you can find that just about 794: Most anywhere. Interviewer: And if someone slipped and fell this way, you fell over 794: Backwards. Interviewer: And this way? 794: Forwards. Interviewer: And say if you'd been fishing and I ask you did you catch anything, you might say no, what a one? 794: See I didn't understand that. Interviewer: If I ask you did you catch any fish, you might say no, 794: No I wouldn't care for any. Interviewer: Or I ask you if you caught any. 794: No I didn't catch any, didn't catch very many. Interviewer: Did you ever say I didn't catch nary a one? 794: Yeah yes, many or Interviewer: What about nary a one? For not a one. 794: Another one, didn't catch another one. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Didn't catch another one or not many or. 794: Would you like to drink some coffee? aux: Would you take coffee, hun? Interviewer: Oh, yeah if you aux: Really? Okay, I'm okay 794: We we we drink coffee aux: {X} 794: We drink coffee, two meal times, between meal times you see that away and I figure maybe you would, too. Interviewer: Um 794: It'll be a mighty good little refreshment I believe. Interviewer: Thank you. If, say the child was spoiled, you'd say well when he grows up he'll have trouble what as not? 794: Be mean. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Be mean. Interviewer: Would you say he'll have trouble apt as not or like as not? 794: Yeah, he's apt to he'll have trouble after not apt as not. And that means he's just apt to have trouble as he is not to have trouble. Interviewer: If you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land, you'd say you did what? 794: Well you need to prune them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Trim them up, trim them up. Uh And that makes it looks better too and uh now here the woods course we used to have stock in the woods, cattle and hogs, we had open range at the woods that's opened up here wasn't no little undergrowth to amount to anything you could see long ways through the woods Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But now And then another thing they used to burn the woods off at once a year every spring along about February, they'd catch a dry time in February And everybody'd burn {NS} excuse me the woods off they'd they, they'd rake around the fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They didn't have wire fences, they had rail fences outta timber and uh they'd rake around the fences and all their buildings to where the fire couldn't get to them {NW} and they'd all have a certain day {NW} to set the woods on fire and burn 'em off course it's against the law to set 'em off fire now they won't allow you to burn 'em off but it'd be better a lot of the wood would if they'd burn them off I'd worked in {X} fire's work for several years {NW} and uh where there's not any small pine timber there's little old {NW} hard wood that {NW} don't ever amount to anything why it pays to burn that off Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And then {NW} the other thing It kills the insects. There, there's insects gets in the timber they're what you call a bore worm Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Drills in there and it kills the timber. {NW} And it pays to uh to burn it off but now some of the companies and the government does too is spray it but uh I don't think that's a good idea it may it may help as far as the timber, but it don't help the people Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It's uh all in the air you see and it's poisoning people up your system wrong it gets all in your system and it poisons them up and I think that it's it's it's a it's a bad idea to to even to spray it that way. Interviewer: How would they control the fires? 794: Huh? Interviewer: When they had fires, how would they control them? 794: Well {NW} we have uh plows have tractors {NW} and big uh plowed big middle busters {NW} sixteen to eighteen, twenty middle inch middle buster and we, we plow lines and uh to to stop the fire to keep from getting over any further and then we have uh oh uh flaps and we'd whoop the fire out with them in walk so long and whoop the fire out sometimes it'll break over this far line that we plow you see Interviewer: What's a flap? 794: {NW} Well that's uh made out of uh kind of uh a piece of a building like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That they have at the mills you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NW} Building uh, it with a hammer to it, wooden hammer to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they'd flap that on the ground on these leaves where the fire and they and they put it out, that away. And then uh they have uh they have a tank, some of them has a tank that they carry on a on on a tractor or a big truck Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they have a spray, you see, where they spray it put it out that away Interviewer: If you had some land that was all overgrown and you wanted to cultivate it, first you'd have to 794: You have to clear it up, you have to cut the timber off of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what do you have to do with oats, to separate the grain from the rest of it? 794: Well uh well you you do this they haul it to the mills you see and they separate some of it when they the the trucks just hauled it to the mill and what they don't separate then when they hauled it there {NW} they the man that carries it in from the where the the log ramp is carries into the mill, where they saw it they uh they carry it in on uh on trucks like and uh and and they separate it there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and they they put the pine they put all of the the pine you see that's not a hardwood Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: pine and uh cypress that's uh that's not a hardwood. you have uh oak course there's several different kinds of oak and you have hickory, beech and gum and all such as that. that they call hardwood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They haul that separate. Interviewer: Did people ever grow oats around here? 794: Yes they used to, used to grow lots of oats. My father used to grow oats here at the he'd have land he'd go want a pasture on them and he'd sow it, he'd sow the oats solid and and he'd flat break his land uh just level, it wouldn't be it up you see and it flat break and the oats come up in there and course there's crab grass sometimes that come up in there too and then they'd pasture on it that way, put the stock in on Interviewer: What would they do with the oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 794: Well uh they uh they threshed that out you see and separate the grain from the rest of it and and they put that in sacks Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: For feed you see. and uh now they take that and mix it and chops and alfalfa hay that they they leaf part of it and all mixes together and and they mix it and uh call it this all grain Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yeah mix feed. Interviewer: Say if there was um something that we had to do today, you could say we'll have to do it, or what's another way of saying that? 794: We'll have to do it {NW} or uh Interviewer: Would you ever say you and I have to do it or 794: #1 Yeah, you and I, you and I will have to do it. # Interviewer: #2 me and you. # #1 What about me and # 794: #2 We we we'll have to # Do something or so and so will today or tomorrow or we will do it something that away you see. Interviewer: What if you're talking about another man and yourself, would you say 794: Well uh you and myself or this man and myself or call his name either one or give a name or give a surname either one you want to Interviewer: Did you ever say me and him or #1 he and I # 794: #2 me and him or he and I or him and myself # Interviewer: Which would you say? 794: Well uh He and I, sometime I say that or sometime I say him and hisself, Jimmy call him before you do yourself you say course the old way of saying it is me and you Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But uh Now it it's you and I or him and I or he and I or she and I or ever which it is you see. Interviewer: And you'd say he doesn't want just you or just me for this job, he needs 794: Someone else. Interviewer: #1 Or if he needs two people, you'd say he needs # 794: #2 need two people # Interviewer: #1 would it be # 794: #2 be two people to help. # {NW} Or more people to help. Either one. Interviewer: Would you say all two of us or both of us or 794: Well both of us say both of us, probably wouldn't maybe both of us needs some help, more help excuse me just a minute I'm going to get a little antiseptic right {D: for my throat} Interviewer: If you knock at the door and somebody asks who's there, and you know that they'll recognize your voice, you might just answer it's 794: It's me. Interviewer: And if I ask you if that's John at the door, you'd say yeah that was 794: yes that is him, or he. Interviewer: And if it's a woman you'd say that was 794: That's her. {X} Or she. Interviewer: Which would you say? 794: Well The proper way'd be her. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's her. Interviewer: And if there was two people you'd say that was 794: That's them. Them or both of them, if they'd call their names say that's both of them. Interviewer: And talking about how tall you are, you'd say he's not as tall as 794: As I am or as tall as you think he is or Interviewer: Or I'm not as tall as 794: I'm not as tall as he is. Interviewer: And he can do that better than 794: Better than I could. Interviewer: And 794: or could reach that better than I could. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had been to Arkansas and hadn't gone any more north than that, you'd say Arkansas is what north I've ever been? 794: Arkansas is far as I ever been or Interviewer: Or it's the what north I've ever been? 794: Far north as I've ever been. Interviewer: And if something belongs to me, you'd say it's 794: That's mine. Interviewer: And I'd say this isn't mine, is this I'd ask, I'd ask you this isn't mine, is this 794: It's yours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to both of us it's 794: It's ours. Interviewer: And to them it's 794: It's theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 794: His. Interviewer: And to her? 794: Hers. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say his's? 794: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Would you ever say that? 794: No. {NW} Interviewer: How does that sound to you? 794: Well, it didn't sound r- sound right to me. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: No it didn't sound right to me. He or she or her or him. Either one. Interviewer: And if there was a group of people at your house and they were getting ready to leave, you'd say well I hope, what come back again? I hope 794: Hope, hope that y'all come back again. Interviewer: Would you ever say y'all to just one person? 794: You all, that means a group of 'em you see that means more than one person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or if it's just one say you come back again. Interviewer: What if you were asking them about their coats, you know everybody's coats, you'd say where are 794: Coats. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You're asking them about their coats. 794: Oh. Interviewer: You'd say, you'd ask them where are 794: Where are your coat? Interviewer: Would you ever say you alls coats or y'all's coats? 794: Your lost coat, have you lost your coats or? Do you know where your coats is or something that either one that away Interviewer: And if there had been a party and you hadn't been able to go to it, and you wanted to find out which people had gone to it, you'd ask someone 794: Yeah, who's so and so go to it you know or ever who it may be call their name you see {X} Interviewer: Would, would you ever ask who all was at the party? 794: Yeah, who all was there and then they'd tell you see separate ones Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if there was a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family, you might ask about them. 794: Well Interviewer: #1 children are they # 794: #2 That'd be # Several family's ch- several different family's children you see Interviewer: And if you wanted to find out the people that they belong to, you'd ask? 794: You'd ask whose they was, they was uh so and so you know uh Interviewer: Would you ever say who all's children are they? 794: Yeah, that, who all's children was it course maybe two or three different families you see and maybe just one or two families or maybe four or five families you see You'd ask uh who all it was you see Interviewer: And if you're asking about all of the, hey is that a, what? aux: Yeah that's a isn't he pretty? He fights them others. 794: That's a bird that's what we call uh there's several name for it, some calls them a woodchuck that they peck on a tree and some of them calls them uh a sap sucker Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: And some calls them a red head and some calls them a woodpecker because they peck on the wood Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And they whoop the other birds these here bluebirds is jay birds blue jay they'll whoop them off and the little red birds, they'll whoop them off uh she has a in a little box out there she feeds them in, feeds them bread and stuff that little box out there, it swings you see and they go down there and get that that feed they fly in there and get it and some of these here old red head oh sap suckers or woodpeckers or whatever they're called or woodchucks either one different names for them, they're all the same thing kind of bird aux: he knows I leave some on that ground 794: and some of them'll knock it down on the ground they'll fly down on the ground and get it Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever see something like that only a lot bigger? 794: Well yes there's um {NW} There's um what you call a yellow hammer that's larger than that {NS} and uh {NS} Did you ever hear of one called the Lord God? The what? Interviewer: A big bird like that called the Lord God? 794: I don't believe I did. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the word peckerwood used about people? 794: Peckerwood, yeah, that's what you call a peckerwood that old redheaded bird down in there that's a peckerwood some call it a peckerwood comes all some called them a woodpecker #1 some calls them a sap sucker, some calls them sap pecker and some calls them redhead, and some calls them a woodchuck # aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What do you call them? 794: Well I call them a sap sucker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Have you ever, heard other people called a peckerwood? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What does it mean when you call somebody a peckerwood? 794: Well {NW} that's not a very good name for a person you see, a peckerwood that's a kind of a silly person like Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were asking about all of the speaker's remarks, you know, everything that he said, you might ask someone 794: Yeah You uh you mean like you're going to a store to buy something or something {D: for sale that away} Interviewer: Or, say if someone had made a speech and you'd wanted to listen to the speech but you hadn't been able to. You might ask later, you'd find someone who had heard the speech and you'd ask them 794: Well I'd I'd ask them did they understand it all and what all was it they said at the speech you see Interviewer: and you say if no one else will look out for them, you say they've got to look out for? 794: Theirselves. They have to look out for theirselves. Interviewer: If no one else will do it for him, he's got to do it 794: Do it hisself Interviewer: And If dinner was on the table and the family's standing around the table, you'd tell them to go ahead and 794: Go ahead and eat. Go ahead and help theirselves or eat either one. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say so he went ahead and he 794: Helped hisself. Interviewer: And I asked him to pass it over to me since he had already 794: gone. Interviewer: But he had already what himself? 794: Already he'd already helped hisself yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. um And if they're standing up, you tell them to go ahead and 794: and sit down. Interviewer: So then he went ahead and? 794: And sit down. Interviewer: And you'd say no one else was standing because they'd all done what? 794: Well if no one else is standing but him I'd say well go ahead and sit down you you Interviewer: Yeah, everyone else is 794: Everyone else is, everyone else is sitting down but you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Everyone else is already 794: Already sit down, yeah. Interviewer: And You'd say this morning at seven o'clock I what breakfast? 794: That I eat breakfast at seven. Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I'd already 794: Already eat. Interviewer: And #1 if you had uh-huh # 794: #2 already ate I believe it's the way it is # Interviewer: If you were thirsty you could go to the sink and pour yourself a 794: Water. Interviewer: You'd drink it out of a 794: Pitcher or a glass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say the glass fell off the sink and 794: Broken. Interviewer: Okay so somebody has done what to the glass? Has 794: broke the glass, knocked it off in the sink. Interviewer: And you might say well I didn't mean to 794: to break it, didn't mean to knock it over or to break it Interviewer: and, if someone has a good appetite, you'd say well he sure likes to put away his 794: If he has a good appetite? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Sure likes to put away the grub or Interviewer: What's another name for grub? 794: Yeah, uh the vittles Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or call it vittles either one. Interviewer: Or what you eat is called? 794: Well what you call you eat is called is called uh grub or you something you call or in the morning you call it your breakfast Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or uh, at night your supper. Or at at at noon you call it your dinner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you still use the word vittles? 794: Which? Interviewer: Would you use the word vittles now? 794: Yeah. Still use it. Interviewer: And Food taken between regular meals is called a 794: Eating between meals? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well uh Interviewer: You'd be fixing yourself a 794: a lunch a lunch between meals Interviewer: And, something kinda like a fruit pie maybe it's made out of apples, but it has several layers of apples and strips of dough in it, you'd call it a 794: Kind of a mix pie Interviewer: Or you 794: Or or a delicious. It'd be delicious you see mixing different things with it that away is that you like each one of them if you like each one of that things it'd be delicious Interviewer: What if it was just apples and strips of dough? 794: Well uh yeah some called them a fried pie and then some of them called them whatever it is whether it's apple pie or peach pie or plum or figs or grapes or raisins or anything thataway whatever it is you see. Interviewer: What about a cobbler? 794: Well a cobbler that's uh A cobbler pie that's oh of course you can make that out of most anything you want to you know just like any kind of a cake that away Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cobbler pie. Interviewer: Did you ever hear another name for a cobbler? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: What about a deep dish apple pie or a family pie? 794: Well a deep dish well might say a family pie that's what everyone likes you see the same kind of pie everyone likes the same kind that'd be a family pie Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, a sweet liquid that you could pour over pudding or pie, you'd call that a, it'd be a kind of a 794: Dessert uh oh um Interviewer: #1 maybe cream and sugar and nutmeg # 794: #2 cream # Yeah cream uh something uh for a a dessert you see like Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That you mix over it. Interviewer: And, if you were thirsty, you would say I what a glass of water? 794: if if you want something to drink you'd take a glass of water Interviewer: Uh-huh, and I what two glasses? 794: I swallowed it. Interviewer: Or I 794: Let's see Interviewer: You'd ask me, how much water have you 794: Drank. I drank a glass of water, yeah, that's the way it is, drink it, drink a glass. Interviewer: And you'd say um, I was so thirsty I what two glasses? 794: I dra- I's so thirsty I drank two glasses of water. Interviewer: And you'd ask me, how much water have you? 794: Drank. Two glasses. Interviewer: And. If you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 794: Chew it. Interviewer: And you say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 794: Yeah, the food kinda choked me like or got fast and hung in my throat or fast in my throat. Interviewer: He could chew it but he couldn't 794: Couldn't swallow it. Interviewer: And If someone offers you some food and you don't want any, you'd say no thank you I don't 794: I wouldn't care for it. Interviewer: And if food's been cooked and served a second time, you say that it's been 794: Cooked over. Interviewer: And what's it called then? You'd say you were having 794: Cook over or Interviewer: Okay. And butter that's been kept too long, you say that the butter is 794: It's uh too old too old a butter Interviewer: And it's 794: it's been kept for too long you see and it's too old or it's uh kinda sour or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. Interviewer: What would you call milk that, after it turns? 794: Uh whey. Call it whey. Interviewer: And what else? And uh uh clabber. aux: Here get you a cup of coffee hon. 794: It first turns to whey aux: Do you want anything in it? 794: It it it first turns to whey and then it turns from that to clabber and then you churn it you see and you make buttermilk out of it Interviewer: Anything else? 794: #1 And and that buttermilk you see that butter # aux: #2 you want this saucer hon? # 794: And you see the butter comes from the top and you and you skim that off you see eat that or you you bread and your syrup or your bread and your honey or your jelly, or any, anything you want to like that Interviewer: Is there any kind of cheese you can make from the clabber? {NS} 794: Well uh I suppose there are But the cheese is mostly made from the cream. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Of any any kind of milk that is uh oh uh sweet milk or clabber milk now whey it don't have any cream on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And buttermilk course if you churn that you see well now the cream goes to butter. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kind of cheese can you make from the cream? 794: I know the name of it but I can't think of it It's a kind of a hoop cheese and there's uh oh there's two or three different kinds of cheese {NS} what kind of cheese is that that you buy sometimes that's not? aux: Cream cheese? 794: Cream cheese. #1 Yeah there's a cream cheese. # aux: #2 {X} cheese # 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What's the? 794: And then there's a hoop cheese, that there's the old time cheese that they make in big large rounds you know that away And uh And it's packed, it's a hard kind of cheese and it has a little bitty holes up through it that away, that's really the best cheese there is. What's the difference between cream cheese and cottage cheese? Well uh uh cream cheese is more of a mild has more of a mild flavor to it. Interviewer: Than 794: Than the other cheese does. Cottage cheese. Interviewer: Are they both lumpy or are they solid or what? 794: Well They're cream cheese is a little more solid Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh it's a softer kind of a cheese than the other is. Interviewer: Something that um, people eat for breakfast, it's white? People eat it for breakfast. 794: Rice? Rice is white, they eat that. And sometime they eat oatmeal for breakfast. And uh Interviewer: What's something that's made from ground-up corn? 794: Oh um Cornbread. Cornbread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And some eats biscuits, some eats flapjacks, and some eats what they call flitter cakes Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 794: #2 It's that's that's uh # Made out of meal and that's mashed up thin and and put in a skillet with grease fry it with grease in it Interviewer: What's something that's just white, it's corn that's been ground up and you can eat it with butter maybe along with your eggs? 794: You mean it's sliced out or ground out? Interviewer: No it's, it's ground 794: Ground. Well that's uh you can take uh grind meat up and brown meat and {X} {NS} Yeah there's lots of airplanes goes overhead. Interviewer: The ones that leave this little airport here? 794: Yeah yeah this is a airport here Oh I mean uh plane where the plane goes over and there is sometime ten and twelve a day goes over here there's sometime three at a time, sometime four, sometime six long that away and then later on that many more comes. Yeah there's a lot of planes, this is a route, a plane route you see Interviewer: What's something that people would make with corn that they'd soak in lye? 794: Hominy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Make hominy. Interviewer: Is there anything similar to hominy that's ground up? 794: Well uh I don't believe out of uh out of corn and uh unless it's grits Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You can make grits out of it you see that there ground up finer than hominy course hominy's not ground up, that's the whole grains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you can uh grind that up into grits After you cook it you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Make hominy out of it. Interviewer: What would you um, make out of flour and bake in a loaf? 794: Light bread. Interviewer: What does light bread have in it to make it rise? 794: Well it has right smart of yeast in it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Uh at more yeast you put in it the more it rises see, and of course you put uh baking powders in it too. You put uh Baking powders and you put yeast in it and uh there's something else, let me see if I can think of it Soda Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Put soda in it too. Interviewer: What other kinds of bread beside light bread would people make? 794: Well that they made bum, what they call bum, kinda like a biscuit, a large biscuit. they made bums out of it. and uh course they make uh cookies, different kinds of cookies course they have to sweeten them you see and they put flavors in them different kind of flavor Interviewer: What's round with a hole in the middle? 794: That's uh I know what this is let me think of it I know what it is but I just can't think aux: They got a shop up there at Winnfield. Interviewer: It's about this big has a 794: Yeah 794: I know what this is if I can think of it it's sort of like uh it was about the top rail of the fence was yesterday I couldn't think of what it was Interviewer: You ever hear of dough 794: Huh? Interviewer: Dough 794: Dough? Interviewer: Doughnuts? 794: Doughnuts oh yeah doughnuts yeah doughnuts that's what they've got the little hole in the center of it Doughnuts you're right yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever hear another name for doughnuts? Like crullers or anything like that? {NS} 794: I don't believe that I have. Doughnuts and uh Course cookies, cookies that's solid just like a little cake you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. You said there's two kinds of bread, there's homemade bread and then there's what you get at the store #1 that you call # 794: #2 Bakery, bakery bread. # Bakery shop bread. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What sort of things do you make out of corn meal? 794: Corn meal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well you make Hominy, oh out of the corn meal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well you can make bread out of it Interviewer: What kinds of bread? 794: Cornbread. Or you can make uh What they call uh a flapjacks Interviewer: That has corn meal in it? 794: Yeah and uh Interviewer: What would you call it if it had flour in it? 794: Well that's meal and flour together You can make biscuits out of meal and flour together some people put some meal, a little likes a little meal in there flour for with biscuits that away. Interviewer: Would you ever make um, flapjacks just using flour? 794: Yeah, flapjacks with flour and I've made them just with meal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's something you can make with corn meal, it's um just corn meal and salt and water and you can eat it with a spoon? 794: Cush bread? No, no that's not cush bread. Interviewer: What's cush bread? 794: Uh Cush bread is uh it is bread made up and and you don't cook it uh out like you do corn bread and place that away or cush bread and and you mix uh onions and eggs Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: with cush bread that away. Interviewer: How do you cook it? If you don't 794: Well you you put uh water in it and a little grease and uh baking powder I believe I don't believe you put soda in that I'm not for sure which you put uh grease and baking powder and a little salt Interviewer: And then you bake it? 794: You bake it yeah. and you bake it. Interviewer: What's something though that you can just eat with a spoon? That's just cornmeal and salt and water that's boiled? And you can eat it with a 794: With uh just a spoon? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of mush or cush cush? 794: What? Interviewer: Mush or cush cush? 794: Cush, no I don't believe I have. Cush bread and corn bread flap jacks Interviewer: What about a corn dodger? 794: Well you can make co- corn dodgers. Interviewer: How do you make those? 794: Kind of a little cake like that you make out of it Interviewer: Is it round? 794: Yeah, it's round. Supposed to be round like. Interviewer: How many inches across is it? 794: Well I suppose it's about something like three inches. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Two and a half to three inches. Interviewer: Do you fry it or bake it or what? 794: You fry it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The inside part of the egg is called the? 794: The yellow. Yellow of egg. Interviewer: What's the other part called? 794: That that's that's the center part of a egg you see uh that's the richest part, that's that's richer than the white part is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How can, if you cook eggs in hot water you call them? 794: Boiled. Boiled eggs. Interviewer: What if you crack them and let 'em fall out of the shells in the hot water? 794: Well #1 I don't imagine # aux: #2 You want me to get you a glass of water hon? # 794: #1 I don't imagine # aux: #2 You don't want no water? # 794: Yeah, I don't imagine it'd be very good, for to crack in the hot water to get into it I don't imagine it be very good for it kinda bust it open you see like Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But it's better where you boil it like and leave the solid shell on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cuz you get it cooked and break that off to suit yourself. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, if something was cooking and it made a good impression on your nostrils, you'd tell someone, would you just that. You'd say to someone just 794: Just suitable or Interviewer: Or if something's cooking. 794: Cooking. Interviewer: It um, and you like the odor 794: #1 Oh # Interviewer: #2 You'd tell someone, just # 794: Just fine or just a good odor to it or Interviewer: Or you'd 794: Good flavoring or Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say to someone, would you just 794: Like it or Interviewer: Would you say smell it or #1 Smell of it # 794: #2 May, yeah, smell of it # Would you just smell of it. Interviewer: And you'd say, if you had a belt and it was made out of leather, what would it say on there to tell you that it's made out of real leather? It would say it's, it's not imitation leather, it's 794: No, it's uh solid you'd call it a solid leather Interviewer: Or it's gen- 794: Genuine leather. Interviewer: And, something you can make to put on toast or biscuits, it's a sweet spread. It'd be jam or 794: Jam or jelly. Interviewer: And what you'd have on the table to season 794: A pepper or salt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: You have salt or some like pepper just like on a eggs some like pepper on egg Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And Some likes their eggs a little salty, some don't like it so salty {NW} And same's the way about sweet stuff just uh breakfast food, some likes it real sweet and some don't like it sweet Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were buying something two or three hundred pounds at a time, you'd say you were buying it how? 794: Large amount. Interviewer: Or buying it in? 794: In sacks or barrels or #1 something that away # Interviewer: #2 Would you ever say you're buying it in bulk? # #1 Or bulk? # 794: #2 In bulk # yeah, large bulk. Large size bulk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one, he'd tell you? 794: I didn't get that. Interviewer: If there's a bowl of apples, and a child wants one, he would say to you 794: Give me a apple. Interviewer: And, you'd say, if you don't have any money at all, you say that you're not rich, you're 794: You're poor. Interviewer: You'd say, when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child 794: was rich, had plenty. Interviewer: Talking about his father, next door is a child what 794: father was, was rich. Interviewer: How would, next door was a child Say the whole thing. Next door was a child 794: Father Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you say that his father was rich, or whose father was rich, or 794: Well so and so ever who the child was or his name is his father was rich. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And have or had plenty you see, either one. Interviewer: And if you have a lot of peach trees, you say you have a peach 794: Orchard. Interviewer: And you'd ask someone if that's his orchard, he'd say no I'm just a neighbor. He'd point to someone else and and say he's the man 794: it it that belongs to or it owns it Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, what would you call peas and beets and carrots and so forth that you'd grow yourself? 794: Vegetables. Interviewer: And you'd grow them in a 794: Garden. Interviewer: And what would you call whiskey that's made illegally? Out in the woods. 794: Uh well it's uh wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Call it wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Was there any of that being made around here? 794: A long time ago there was. Used to be. Interviewer: How would you make it? 794: Well you take um uh like you make syrup used to make syrup, they'd skim the syrup you see and they'd put that in barrels Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh they'd put some corn in that or chops grind the corn up in the chops put that in there and a little water with it and it, they have it in a barrel, a wooden barrel and it'd put a sack of something over it so flour or anything couldn't get into it unless that stayed there until it soured and and it it gets syrup to sour, it begin to bubble and you could uh it didn't have faucets then to put in that they they'd uh take a large nail or small auger and drill a little hole down close to the bottom and take uh a little cane Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and to make them uh a little uh pipe like for it to run out of the barrel into a bucket or whatever you wanted to. go into here. and when it got so sour why that was ready to drink you could drink it sour, they called it beer Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and you could drink it that away or you could take it and you could put it in uh in a can something like these big five gallon coal oil cans and you could make you a trough and uh you could uh put you some brick down three bricks here to raise the can up about that high from the ground before you put your fire under there and then you put this pipe cook down pass it over this here barrel and run it through a a trough and drill a hole in each end of the trough running this pipe through it and let it, the pipe hang out something like that far fuller than the trough did and you boil this here till it turns into whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you have you a bucket of something out here for it to drain into out the end of this pipe protect your whiskey. Interviewer: What do you call that kind of whiskey? 794: Uh white corn whiskey. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And you can cook it over till you can make alcohol out of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any, did you ever, what would you call it if it wasn't fit to drink? 794: Well uh you you you'd call it sour whiskey or just sour wildcat whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How would you, how would they sell the whiskey? So that they, did you ever hear of people selling whiskey and never letting the person that's buying it see them? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: How would they do that? 794: Well they'd have a certain place to put it {X} and kinda in the brush woods like that away and they'd have a certain place to put it and uh the people come there to buy it you can put the amount or whatever it come to right down on the paper or pay for it something that away and they'd leave the money there and take the whiskey, the amount of whiskey they're supposed to you see. Interviewer: Did you ever hear people say they were trading with Nancy? 794: Yeah. Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: What? How would they say that? 794: Well uh They'd call that kinda unseen, sight unseen. You see, not seeing them, not in the public you see. it uh Interviewer: They'd say they were 794: Uh selling it kinda unseen or behind the blind Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Selling behind the blind. Interviewer: Or they'd say they were trading 794: Yeah, trading. Interviewer: What, what about with Nancy, did you ever? 794: Which? Interviewer: Trading with Nancy. 794: I don't believe I ever heard that. You mean that public or just one in- individual? Interviewer: Just doing it like that. Sight unseen. 794: Well That'd be uh Bootlegging. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's what you call bootlegging. Interviewer: And, the kind of animal that barks you'd call a 794: A dog. Interviewer: And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog, what would you tell him? 794: Hissed him on. Just hissed him on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you had a mean dog you'd tell someone you better be careful, that dog'll 794: Bite you. Interviewer: And yesterday the dog 794: bit someone. Interviewer: And the person had to go to the doctor after he got 794: Got bit. Interviewer: Did you ever say after he got dog bit? 794: Yeah. After he got dog bit he had to go to the doctor. Interviewer: And, you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses? 794: Trade horses, trade horses or swap horses. Interviewer: Or get on them and 794: get on and ride them, show you how to ride or hook them up put the harness on show them how they work to a wagon, to a buggy to a plow or skid logs or anything you want to work it to that away Interviewer: You'd say he got on his horse and he 794: Rode the horse. Interviewer: And you'd say I have never 794: Never rode that horse. Interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on you'd say you fell 794: fell off. or he's too rough for me to stay on. now some horses you see rides easy, what you call a saddle horse, has different gaits foxtrot pace single foot and some just has a rough trot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And some is rough about lope, loping or running. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And some is easy. Interviewer: A child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning. You'd say I guess I must have 794: Fell off the bed. Interviewer: And the things you put on the horses feet are called the 794: shoes. Interviewer: What do you call a game you play with those? 794: Do which? Interviewer: A game that you can play with those? 794: Oh uh uh you pitch them you pitch them, you dig holes like one out there in the yard and one here and this one or two men get here at this hole and the same amount there and you pitch them Interviewer: You pitch the? 794: Pitch the the horse shoe. And the one at uh throws it in the hole that's the one that gains. Interviewer: Did you ever see it played with rings instead of with horseshoes? 794: Yes I saw it played with rings and I saw it played with silver dollars. Interviewer: What's it called when it's played with rings? 794: Pitching rings. Or horseshoes, pitching horseshoes or do- uh silver dollar pitching dollars. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on are called the 794: The bottom, bottom of his feet. The bottom of the hoof, down next to the frog of his feet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. First of all, you have to trim all 794: Trim, have to trim that off. And uh cut the, trim the frog of the foot out rest the hoof off and uh at the top and take a knife and trim it off round at the bottom to fit this shoe and uh they cut the frog of the foot out trim it out some Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some has a flat frog to the foot and some has a high frog to the foot. This with the high frog you don't have to trim it much but a flat frog you have to trim that a right smart. you see so that the frog part of this foot won't catch the ground, if it does it bruises them and makes them lame you see. Interviewer: And all, you you trim all four? 794: All four of his feet. Interviewer: Or all four of his 794: of his hoofs. Interviewer: And the animal that you milk is called a 794: A cow. Interviewer: What's the male called? 794: Bull. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? Did it sound alright to say a bull? 794: Well uh that's about all they called them then. Now they call them, some calls them the male. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But bull, that used to be all that they called them, the bull or the heifer or the bull or the cow. And then uh they'd make these work steers out of them course they'd castrate them you see. And that makes steers out of them, and that's beef cattle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See they wouldn't kill the bulls. But now sometimes they'd work a bull to uh in a team that away but they didn't like to the bulls they generally they couldn't stand the work that a steer could and and they was meaner and stubborn than a steer was. Interviewer: Any other way of saying castrate? Is there any other way people said that? 794: Alter them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Used to call it alter them. Interviewer: If you did that to a hog what would you call him? 794: What would call whatever it was oh uh Interviewer: If you'd done that, if you'd altered a hog 794: Hog. Oh, you'd call that a meat hog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A meat hog. Interviewer: Any other names? 794: A boar Interviewer: Would you call him a boar if you'd castrated him after he was full grown? 794: No, you'd call him a stag. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, talking about the cows, the little one when it's first born is called a? 794: Bull calf. Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf, you'd say that she was going to 794: have a calf or bring birth to a calf. Mostly said have a calf. Interviewer: What about come in or drop a calf #1 or find them? # 794: #2 Well sometimes fixing to drop a calf. # Interviewer: And, the male horse is called the? 794: A stud horse. Or stallion. Some called them a stallion some called them a stud horse. and some called them a stable horse, that means a horse you have to keep in the stable away from other horses you see Interviewer: What would you call them? 794: Well I mostly always way back yonder I called them a stud Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Stud horse. But uh for the last uh few years a more proper name is a stable horse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a female called? 794: A mare. Interviewer: And what's a male sheep called? 794: A male sheep is called uh, a lamb. Let me see. Yeah a lamb. Interviewer: What's a female? 794: No a female is called a lamb and and a male is called uh let me see, I know Interviewer: Did you ever hear buck or ram? 794: A ram, yeah, a ram, a ram goat that's that's a male, a ram. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and uh a sheep you see is uh is called a ram, the fe- the male is and and goats is called a billy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and a female is called a nanny. Interviewer: And, what people raise sheep for? 794: Well They raise them to butcher them, to eat and they raise them to sheer them to get the wool to make wool clothes out of. Interviewer: The animals you get pork from are called? 794: Hogs. Interviewer: When they're first born, you call them 794: Pigs. Interviewer: What about when they're a little older? 794: Shoats. Interviewer: How big is a shoat? 794: Well he's up to uh from uh five or six months old up to something like ten months old. Interviewer: How much would he weigh? 794: Well uh some of them would weigh uh Thirty or forty pounds, some weigh fifty, some seventy-five. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's just common hog course now these fine blooded hogs they weigh more than that Interviewer: What would you call a, the skinny kind of hog that's grown up out in the woods? 794: Scrub hogs. Scrub hogs. Interviewer: Any other kind? 794: Well not in the woods they didn't course sometimes they they'd mix breed them put the fine blooded hogs with 'em what they call a Hampshire hog. That's uh more like uh a scrub hog than any other hog there is and the grain of the meat is more of a uh like a scrub hog, woods hog than any other hog is and it's really the best flavored meat there is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But now uh uh these Duroc Jerseys hogs A Berkshire hogs A Poland China hogs they're, they're a faster growing hog and they're a larger hog but now this here Berkshire and Poland China Their meat is is really good to eat but these uh Duroc Jerseys is more of a lard hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh their meat it's it's a coarse grain and the grains of it is more like a twine it's the size of a twine of string Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And it isn't a good flavored meat. It's more of a lard meat than any other kind. Interviewer: What do you call a female hog? 794: That's a sow. Interviewer: #1 What do you? # 794: #2 That's a she. # She you see. Female is is is a is a she. Or or what they call it a sow. Interviewer: What if she's never had pigs? 794: Uh uh well it's uh boar, call it a boar if uh it it it's a guild of a certain age but she don't have pigs it's a barren sow. a barren sow don't don't uh breed you see Interviewer: Have you done anything to her? 794: No. #1 No. They're, they're born that away. # Interviewer: #2 It's just that way. # 794: They're born that away and of course uh plain talk and all but some women you see's that away They're what you call barren. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Women. Interviewer: What would you call the male hog? 794: A boar. Interviewer: Was that word alright to use? 794: Well A male is more proper than the boar is. Male hog. Interviewer: And the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back, 794: The which? Interviewer: The stiff hairs. 794: Stiff hairs? Well uh that's the uh the stiff hairs that's the bristle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's the bristles, only that's mostly on the neck. Interviewer: What's the big teeth that they had? 794: That's the tusks Interviewer: And what you put the food in for the hog is called a? 794: Food for the, put in the food for the hog? Interviewer: No, what, what you put the food in. 794: Oh, a trough. Interviewer: And if you had three or four of those you'd say you have three or four 794: Three or four troughs. Interviewer: And, if you had some hens and turkeys and geese and so forth and they were getting hungry, you'd say you had to feed the 794: Had to feed the, the the flock the sheep I mean the the turkeys or the chickens or the ducks Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Have to feed them all, course you can't feed them together, you have to feed them separate. Interviewer: If it's time to feed the stock and do your work you'd say it's 794: time to do up the night work Interviewer: And, the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? 794: Well {NW} When when it's being weaned you call it a yearling calf Interviewer: What noise does it make though? 794: Oh it bleats. Interviewer: What does a cow do? 794: She lows. Interviewer: What if she's hungry? 794: Uh they low, low for the feed. Or a calf bleats for its feed Interviewer: What, what noise does she make if she wants her calf? 794: She lows. Lows for the calf. Interviewer: And what kind of noise does a horse make? 794: Well uh he nickers. Interviewer: And how would you call a cow to get her in out of the pasture? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What, what about calling a calf? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: And how would you get the cow to stand still so you can milk her? 794: {NW} Interviewer: What about to move her leg back? 794: Back your leg. Back, back your leg, sometimes she wouldn't back it you'd have to push it back with your hand or hit it with your hand or and if they's mean about backing sometimes you'd have to kick them on the leg down here, shin part of the leg close to the foot between the knee and the foot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: To make them back it. Interviewer: How would you call a horse in out of pasture? 794: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about to get them to turn left or right? 794: Do what? Interviewer: To turn them left or right? 794: Gee. Haw. Gee to the right, Haw to the left. Interviewer: And to get them started? 794: {NW} Get up. Interviewer: And to stop them? 794: Whoa. Interviewer: And to back them up? 794: Ye, back up. Back up, whoa, ye, back up. Interviewer: How would you call sheep? 794: Sheep? Well uh Sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep sheep Interviewer: What about hogs? 794: {NW} pig pig pig, {NW} {NW} Interviewer: What about to get them away from you? 794: {NW} Interviewer: And how'd you call chickens? 794: Call them chick chick chick chick chick Interviewer: And, um, how do you kill a hog, and what parts of the meat would you 794: Well uh you you can hit him in the head with a ax or a sledge kill him or you can shoot him or you can cut his throat and he bleeds to death. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What parts of the meat would you get from the hog, what inside parts do you eat? 794: Well uh you'd eat the liver or you can eat the heart and some people eats the uh entrails you see you can take the entrails and get all out of it and clean them and you can take a stick and run in there and you can turn them the other way and peel this inside off and uh you you you can make uh you could put in salty water and soak it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh you can make sausage. You grind meat you see, and season it up and put it in that and uh Interviewer: What if you just boil the entrails, what do you say you're making? 794: Well uh you can take the uh chitlins, call it chitlins, they boiled it and cooked it that away or fried it either one to make chit, chitlins out of it Interviewer: Did you ever hear of haslet or haslet? 794: Haslet? Horse let Well now they make hash now, I've heard of hash {X} make hash out of meat that away, course you put onions and salt and pepper or sometime you put garlic in it and you grind it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And you make hash meat out of it. Or you can take the liver and make hash meat out of that. That's more of a hash meat than, than, than a meat is. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of making something with the liver and corn meal? 794: Liver and corn meal? Uh uh corn meal, liver and corn meal? Interviewer: Something called scrapple, or cripple, or pawn hoss? 794: No I don't believe I ever did hear of that. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of meat you can boil with greens? 794: Uh, hog jowls or middling meat Interviewer: What if it's salted? 794: Well if it's salty, you soak it. If it's too salty you soak it. Before you uh, like you go to cook it the next morning or the next day at noon you soak it the night before Interviewer: Well, there's, if you don't smoke the meat, if you 794: Smoke it? Well if you don't smoke it, why you, you put it down in salt. And you salt it down on a bench or a box someplace for this uh salty water, when it uh when it takes so much salt it draws the blood out of the meat and you fix that where it drains off you see. And then when you drain that off if you want dry salt meat you just wrap it up in salt and put it on a table or a bench or something that away. Or if you want uh you to be sure, sugar salt or liquor on it after you salt it down with this white salt you take it and you get you a pot like a big old wash pot and you boil your water in there and you and you put your meat in a tub and you pour this water in there and you take a rag and you wash this salt and all and let it soak a while and uh then you hang uh that up and you smoke it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: with a with a green hickory timber or sassafras himber, timber. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And a course some uh sassafras is literally the best flavor to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh And then you you can uh after it smokes and get dry enough course now ever it'd it'd get dry like a dry spell this way just a moment and gets dry and if it comes a rain it'll finally get to dripping water you got to put another smoke under it and and smoke it to get it dry again and uh if you get smoking about as much as you want to, give it a good flavor and all why then you can uh put it in boxes you can wrap it up in paper where it can get air you see or you can take it and uh put it down in white salt just put your layer salt down here put your layer of meat or middling or have one and then some more salt on it that away salt it down. Fix it to where the flies can't get to it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call the fat meat that comes from either side of the backbone? 794: Well uh that is uh from either side of the backbone come on down to the belly part of it that that's the middlings Interviewer: What about fat back? 794: Well you can call it the fat back or that's the strip back up next to the back that's the line, that's the line meat and uh so this down here is the middling meat but uh if people some people likes it kinda lean meat and some calls it fat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some trims most of the fat off and and uh and renders that up into uh {NS} to lard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Cooks it you see. Renders up into lard and a course when they cook it this meat that they cook it out of it's, it rises to the top of the grease that's called cracklings and they take that off you see and some people makes, puts it in bread, makes crackling bread and some likes to eat the cracklings separate to theirself Interviewer: What do you call the um, kind of meat you buy already sliced to eat with eggs? 794: Well you call that bacon. Interviewer: Would you ever talk about a side of bacon or a #1 middling? # 794: #2 Yeah, middling. # Middling or or uh sliced bacon. Sliced bacon or middling meat. Course middling meat there they call it the middling meat there they call that for to boil with they don't slice that you see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh this bacon they slice that real thin. Interviewer: What do you call the edge of the middling or the bacon that you cut off? 794: Well uh you call that, the edge you cut off, you call that the the belly part. Interviewer: Well it's actually the 794: belly part or the middling. Interviewer: What, what about the skin of the hog? You call that the? 794: Well the skin you see you cut off the shoulders or the hams you call that the {D: flitchit} Interviewer: The what? 794: The {D: flitchit}. You cut that off that's mostly lean meat You call that the {D: flitchit}, that's good for to fry Interviewer: Did you ever talk about bacon rind or meat skin? 794: Yeah Bacon rind that away That's the uh this part of the meat from here back up to the upper part of the middling, back next to the back bone Interviewer: Uh-huh. A person who kills and sells meat is called a 794: Is what? Interviewer: A person who kills and sells meat. 794: His own meat? Well He calls it bacon Interviewer: Well oh anybody who kills the meat and sells it would be called a 794: Well uh 794: the milk truck come by here but {C: muffled} but he'd find it quick and we'd go to town {C: muffled} to buy it {C: muffled} at the store {C: muffled} Interviewer: We're talking about the hogs, the person who would kill and sell meat is called a? 794: Well you you call it uh well if you sell it, kill it and sell it uh green sometimes sell the whole hog together that that's pork. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And if you cut it up and and sell it out thataway while it's green that's called pork but if you salt it down they call it bacon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do they call the the person who sells it? who cuts it up and 794: Well Well if it's just out like I am here uh they don't uh particularly have any name for it but uh so many people used to kill and sell it thataway they just all call it uh country meat you see. and uh Interviewer: Well say, the person who's doing the killing and the selling 794: #1 well that's the, # Interviewer: #2 and they called it # 794: they call that the owner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The owner of it. Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call a man who works in a store um 794: #1 You call that, # Interviewer: #2 behind the meat # 794: that the merchant well if he's in a market, selling meat and all uh that's a market man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and and uh they he generally if he buys stuff alive and has it killed, butchered the man he does that you call that the butcher man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If meat's been kept too long and it doesn't taste right, you'd say that it's done what? 794: Well uh if it's kept long and it don't taste right you see they have to keep it in these markets that they they don't salt it at all you see uh, they keep it on ice frigid air and all and and and keep it where it stays cold all the time but after it stays there so long it tastes a little old why they ain't supposed to keep it on a certain length of time see they have to get rid of it Interviewer: What would you call a child who always gets its own way? 794: Its which? Interviewer: A child that always gets its own way, his parents will do anything for him. You'd say the child is 794: A good child or oh uh agreeable Interviewer: But what if he's not like that, what if he 794: Well he he's mean, a- a- and he won't uh, and he won't obey Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: He's uh uh kind of uh um mean kind of a child or hardheaded or Interviewer: What if it's used to every, always getting his own way? He'll throw 794: Well uh e- e- e- He's uh If he gets in the way he he just uh kind of contrary child Interviewer: Mm-hmm. After you kill a hog, what can you make with the meat from its head? 794: Well you can make uh you can make uh you take the head and feet and make hog headed cheese they used to call it souse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But you make it, hog they call it hog headed cheese now or you could take the liver and the heart and you can make um I'll be doggone I done forgot that, I know what it is but Well I'll say Can't think of it Hmm. Interviewer: Could you make anything out of the blood? 794: Out of the blood? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah you can, some people make pudding out of, blood pudding. I never did like it though. Interviewer: How would they make it? 794: Well They'd take it and uh They they they they wouldn't sweeten it they didn't put uh sugar in it, they'd put salt in it and a little flour in it and they'd put uh some sage in it a little pepper and mix it up thataway and cook it, mix it all together see and cook it Interviewer: What would they make out of the liver? 794: Well uh Hash. Make hash out of the liver, that's what I was trying to think of awhile ago. Make hash out of the liver. Or you could fry the liver Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: and eat it and fry the liver or you could cut it up small and make hash out of it Interviewer: If you left, um, if you didn't put meat in the refrigerator, if you left it out for several days? 794: Well it'd spoil. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: It'd spoil thataway. Interviewer: What's the first thing you have to do after milking? To get the hair? 794: You bring your milk in and you strain it. {NS} Strain it through a strainer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or a thin cloth that you way back yonder used to use thin cloths for it you see but now they have strainers for it Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, a kind of fruit that grows down in Florida. 794: Fruit? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well uh they raise oranges out there Interviewer: Say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left. You'd say the oranges are? 794: All gone. Interviewer: And if you left an apple lying around, and it dried up you'd say the skin of that dried apple was all 794: was all dried up Interviewer: Or it gets smaller and #1 wrinkled? # 794: #2 gets smaller, wrinkled or # shrinks. It shrinks up. Interviewer: Do you ever say it shrivels up or shrivels? 794: Yeah, shrivels up that's right. Shrivels or shrinks either one. Interviewer: And on a cherry, the inside part of a cherry that you don't eat, it's called a 794: Seed. Interviewer: What about in a peach? 794: Well a peach it has a seed too, you don't eat that and uh not many people eats the peeling. Some eats the peeling, where it's a good ripe peach they wash it you see and they'll eat the peeling too, but th- they generally peel them. Just like a apple. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: eh eh You peel apples. Now uh way back yonder when people used to raise apples why they'd eat peeling and all. The doctor says that there's more medicine in the peeling than there is in the apple. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh they put something on them now, they claim and say you're not supposed to eat them. Course I I buy I eat a lot of apples I buy apples nearly every time I go to town but I wash my apples but I peel it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They the peeling that's on it now it's tough and it's kinda hard to chew Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And they claim that's not good for you to eat but the old and before they put this desert or whatever call uh kinda some kind of something on there I don't know, some kind of a liquid I don't know what it was that they put on there it makes it tough and they claim it's not good to to eat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What part of the apple, besides the peeling, do you not eat? 794: The, the meat. You mean what kind do I eat? Interviewer: What kind, what part do you throw away? 794: Oh you throw the peeling away. Interviewer: And what else? 794: And the seed. Interviewer: uh-huh 794: Throw sow throw the seed away course they're really fine seeds these apples is they have a lot of seed in them not like a peach you see a peach just had one seed in it and the apple has a lot of seed but they're small little black seed Interviewer: When you open up the seed of a peach, what do you call that part inside it? 794: The kernel. Interviewer: And there's one kind of peach that it's hard to get the meat off the seed 794: That's the pressed seed. Interviewer: What's the other kind? 794: Clear seed. Interviewer: And when you cut up apples and dry them, you say you're making? 794: You make dried apples, you can make dried apple pies out of them Interviewer: Have you ever heard dried apples called snit? 794: Yeah, I've heard of them but I don't believe I ever did eat any. Interviewer: You've heard of? 794: Kind of a dried apple snip. Snip I believe they called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where did you hear that? 794: Huh? Interviewer: Where did you hear that? 794: Where'd I, what'd I do with that or? Interviewer: Where did you hear that? 794: Oh Oh I don't know I don't remember, it's been years on that account I don't remember, several different people talking you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just a second. What different kinds of nuts grow around here? 794: Pecans. Hickory nuts. and uh Chinkapins. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I believe that's all. Interviewer: What, what kind of 794: Black, black walnuts is but very few people that has those, used to be a lot of them here but not many here now. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The black walnut and the pecans. and chinkapins. Interviewer: What kind grows in the ground? 794: Which? Interviewer: What kind of nut grows down in the ground? 794: Well um Interviewer: You'd roast it. 794: They don't any kind grows here in the ground, now I'd heard this is just hearsay I never did see them grow I've heard that coconut grows in ground Interviewer: Uh-huh. But what, what would you plant here that you'd roast? 794: Peanuts. Interviewer: Is there another name for peanuts? 794: Penders. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 794: Yeah, penders and peanuts all the same yeah. Interviewer: What's the kind of nut that's shaped like your eye? 794: Shaped like your eye? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or, you know the Hershey bars that you can buy? There's two kinds, there's Hershey bars that are plain and then there's Hershey bars with what kind of nut? 794: Well some is uh well um peanuts, and some with uh pecans and there's some with uh butter nuts English walnuts Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I don't believe they well the- they make some, some candy with coconuts you see, with coconut make coconut candy Interviewer: What about almond or almond? 794: Well you make almond candy too. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But I never did see any almonds grow. Interviewer: When a walnut first comes off the tree, it's got a soft green covering on it. 794: Yeah it has a green covering on it and that's the outside bark, they call it and that dries you see and you get that off Interviewer: And then you have to crack the 794: You, you have to crack that break it you see to get that uh the meat part out of it Interviewer: What do you call the harder part that you have to crack? 794: The hull. Interviewer: And, what different things would people grow in a garden around here? 794: Well they grow uh turnips, mustard pepper squashes cucumbers tomatoes peas beans things like that. Interviewer: What different kinds of beans? 794: Well butter beans and uh pole beans {NS} course there's several different kinds you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there another name for pole beans? 794: Pinto. Pinto beans. Interviewer: Is that the same as pole beans? 794: Well uh It- It's a running bean but it's a different kind of a bean, it has a different flavor from the pole bean. Interviewer: What about green beans or snap beans? 794: Well snap beans uh that generally uh a pole bean, that's a running bean you have to stick in you see, sticks for them to run up on and then there, there's uh there's a low bean that you that you uh don't have to stick called a butter bean Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there another name for butter beans? 794: I never did {D: hear it.} Interviewer: What about Lima beans? 794: Well there's Lima beans too Interviewer: There's what? 794: Yeah a Lima bean, that that's a different kind of bean from a pole, from a butter bean. Interviewer: How's it different? 794: Well it's a different flavor. It's just like uh a black-eyed pea and a purple hull pea Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and a Dixie lee pea and and the clay pea a clay pea is what they call a field pea goes in the field and it's for people can eat it or stock can eat it Interviewer: What does a butter bean look like? #1 What color? # 794: #2 Well it's # a little bunching, it ha- it has a little kind of a flat bean has two or three beans to it it's kind of a flat bean or something like the size of the end of your finger thataway Interviewer: To get it out you have to? 794: Yeah you have to break it you have to break this to get it out and some of them's a little hard to break Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or if they're real dry you can't hardly break them with your, with your hand your finger and your thumb but if they're green you could just turn up a {X} around away and smash them and break them Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you say you're doing, when you do that? 794: Well that is uh shelling them Interviewer: Uh-huh. Well, how does a butter bean and a Lima bean look different? 794: well uh a butter bean is is shorter and a more of a flat bean Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: than a Lima bean is. Interviewer: What's a little red thing that grows down in the ground? 794: Radishes. Interviewer: And, what do you call the kind of tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? 794: Uh that's the uh I can't think of the name of it but it's an old time tomato just a small uh small tomato a little bunch tomato it grows out and makes a big bush you know just has lots of tomatoes on it I forget what they call them a w- uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear Tommy Toes or salad tomatoes? 794: I don't believe I did. And then we have other tomatoes here we have uh uh kind of a small tomato or it's larger than those tomatoes uh shape of a pear Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I always call them prairie tomatoes but that's not the correct name for them I don't remember what they what they call it but I always call it a prairie tomato and then we have several different kinds of tomatoes uh have the big boy tomato and uh what kind is this that we've got planted? aux: Rooters, and then the uh alley tomato, 794: Yeah. aux: That's them little tomatoes. 794: Yeah different kinds you know. But they they all about the same size tomato all except this little prairie tomato it's smaller only they have different flavor Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kinds of potatoes do you grow? 794: Sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes. Interviewer: Is there another name for sweet potatoes? 794: Well no No other name except different kinds of sweet potatoes. There's uh, there's a yam, {X} yam Interviewer: What does a yam look like? 794: Oh it it's uh kind of a red a yellowish looking {NS} color and there's a Puerto Rico potato it has a pink peeling on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and uh {NS} there's a gold russet potato it has uh a kind of a a yellow peeling on it and uh there's a white potato sweet potato called {X} {X} potato I don't see any of them now Interviewer: Is this white sweet potato? 794: Yeah white white uh peeling of it white they call it {X} potato and it tastes sorta like the flavoring of a banana Interviewer: Hmm. 794: But I haven't saw any of them for years and years my father used to grow them Interviewer: I don't think I've ever seen those, that kind. 794: And they're they're not a large round potato they're a long potato they grow from that size up size your arm here and they'd grow to that long or something like that long Interviewer: They grow about ten inches #1 long? # 794: #2 Yeah. # Eight or ten inches long. That's called a {X} potato. Interviewer: What's something that's green and people cook it in gumbo? It's a green vegetable, it's, you've probably got it planted out here. 794: Well uh We have pepper and we have uh uh cucumbers and tomatoes and uh some puts uh a cabbage in them cabbage greens Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And mix it thataway. Interviewer: Well what, what would you have planted, it's green it's about this long and it's kinda bristly outside and sticky inside. 794: Oh okra? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Okra yeah. Interviewer: You growing that? 794: Yeah we grow that too. and it's two or three different kinds of it there's one kind it's uh it's shape of a diamond Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It don't grow to be very long. Some thataway to that about like that and then they have another okra it's a slick kind of okra it grows long pods thataway {D: it it} yeah uh-huh six or eight inches long and it it's a kind of a round pod of okra Interviewer: But the other one's about the size of your finger? 794: Yeah that's right. Interviewer: Um, something that would make your eyes water if you cut it would be 794: Do which? Interviewer: What would make your eyes water if you cut it? 794: Oh that's uh onions Interviewer: What do you call the little ones that you pull up and eat before they get very big? 794: That's a multiplying multiplying onion Interviewer: Any other name for them? 794: Well I never did hear of any other kind except multiplying that's all I ever heard for that kind and and then there's uh there's a evergreen onion that's a kind of a winter winter kind of an onion Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And then there's Bermuda onions that makes a large root to it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Some of them grows to be as uh as large as uh the top of that glass there something like the size of a large Irish potato aux: Do you play that back for your school? Interviewer: Yeah. aux: You will? {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Someone will listen to it. aux: Ah, and some will study it, yeah. Interviewer: Um, what are some uh what different kinds of squash do people have? 794: Well uh {NS} I don't know what the names of the squashes was one kind of squash that all we ever used here just squash is all I ever did know I never did hear that correct name or what kind of squash it was Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a, a white flat kind of squash? 794: I don't believe I did. Interviewer: And, something that's um you make pie out of at Thanksgiving, 794: Well that's pumpkins or {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. What other kinds of melons do people raise? 794: Melon watermelon mush melon cantaloupes Interviewer: What's the difference between mush melon and cantaloupe? 794: Well a mush melon is larger uh that there's some like that size and a cantaloupe is small and a cantaloupe is a little better flavor than a mush melon is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Are there different kinds of watermelons? 794: Yeah there's different kinds of watermelons there's the what they call used to call the old time watermelon rattlesnake watermelon that's a large watermelon with uh uh dark stripes across it and uh the rind is green you see and there's a dark darker stripes across it and uh then there's uh what they call uh a sugar watermelon {D: or Kleckley} sweet {D: Kleckley} sweet watermelon Interviewer: What do they look like? 794: Well they're they're a kind of a long one with a green one they're about generally about that long and about that large around Interviewer: About how many inches long? 794: Well they're from all the way from twelve to fourteen inches long and then there's a marlin melon the same color a that but they grow larger they grow from from uh ten {NS} to eighteen inches long Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh there's a cubed queen that's green melon it grows about from eight to twelve inches long. and uh there's uh a yellow meated melon that has there's two different kinds of them one of them is a kind of a striped kind it's a round melon and then there's a long green green rind melon it's about from twelve to fourteen inches long it's something like the shape of a Kleckley sweet or the marlin melon only it don't oh grow to be as large Interviewer: What's something that's green that grows round, that people would grow in the garden? You'd mentioned cabbage, what else? 794: Let's see um Interviewer: What's kind of like cabbage? 794: Let's see um What kind of a flavor it's supposed to have #1 do you # Interviewer: #2 well no # it's not a melon, it's just something that 794: Grows green? Interviewer: It's kind of like cabbage. Do you have cabbage planted out here? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What else do you have? 794: Collards Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Cabbage and collards. And a course we have uh turnips and mustard they're green you see but you know turnips is uh you can eat the roots of that that grows underground that uh well it grows kinda on top of the ground Interviewer: #1 you don't # 794: #2 actually # round and like and you can eat the greens of it too and uh there's lettuce Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: you can grow that Interviewer: How does that grow? It comes in 794: Well it uh it grows kinda like uh a cabbage does kinda heads like makes a round head sorta like cabbage green does Interviewer: If you wanted to buy some, you'd ask for maybe three, what of lettuce three 794: Well let's see. You'd have to call for lettuce, you see. Interviewer: You'd ask for three? 794: Yeah it- and and uh when you buy it out of your store sometime the outside leaves is been there too long you see you peel that off it just like a cabbage you buy these cabbage heads in there and you have to peel the outside part of them off there Interviewer: Would you ever use the word head talking about children? Like if someone had five children, to say he had five heads of children? 794: Yeah five head of children. Interviewer: How does that sound? 794: Well It It didn't sound too good for to say heads of children for heads of things that's more like cattle or hogs you see and you call it heads Interviewer: What if someone had about fourteen children? You'd say he really had a 794: Large family. Large family of children. Interviewer: Do you ever say a passel? 794: Well I've heard that too but uh a passel of children uh but uh eh Sounded more convenient for a family of children than it did passel of children Interviewer: The outside of the corn is called the 794: Shuck. Interviewer: And the stringy stuff? 794: This which? Interviewer: The stringy stuff on it. 794: Grains. Interviewer: Or that you, the strings that grow on 794: Oh uh that's the silk Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: The silk on it. They have, you have the the cob the grain the silk and the shuck Interviewer: What grows at the top of the corn stalk? 794: uh tassel. Interviewer: And the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 794: That's roasting ears. Interviewer: Is that a particular kind of corn or just 794: Well uh No You can you can uh eat out of a a field corn or a sweet corn uh course there's uh there's different kind of field corn and uh there's one kind of corn course when it's in roasting ears it's all soft enough to eat but there's one kind they call prolific there's two different kinds of prolific one's the Jarvis prolific it's a yellow kind of a corn it it makes good fresh corn to eat and there's hastings prolific it's a white corn and when it gets dry it's hard Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: eh uh A horse that hadn't got good teeth can't eat it and it hadn't got the oil in it that the the other oh the Jarvis prolific it hadn't got i mean the hastings prolific it hadn't got the flavoring so much oil and all and a good flavor is Jarvis prolific is and then there's um there's a shoe pig corn it's a yellow corn with long green corn it has a little hook on the end of it sorta like the end of your fingernail Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That give up to be the best corn there is that's the kind of corn that I have here and then they have a yellow dent corn it's a yellow corn but uh it uh not such uh a rich kind of a corn and then they have uh red cob rogers corn it's something like equal to the shoe pig corn Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: and that's about all the kind of corn I believe well no there ain't there's another kind of corn there's a red kind of a corn uh I don't know what they call just a red red corn red field corn the grains is red and then they used to have a corn it different color grains some of them's red and some of them's blue and some of them's yellow that's what they call a strawberry corn Interviewer: Would you eat that? 794: Yeah it's really good it's good it makes it's good for stock to eat and it's good for people to eat and makes good meal too {D:wet} meal or for bread or good roasting ears Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Either one of them. Interviewer: What would you call a little umbrella shaped that grows up in the woods or fields after it rains? 794: This what? Interviewer: A little umbrella shaped thing, that grows up in the woods or the fields after it rains? If you'd had a heavy rain, some of them are big and white and it'd just spring up 794: That's not a berry is it? Interviewer: No it's something you'd have out in your yard maybe, it looks like a little umbrella. 794: Oh oh that's uh uh a China that's what they call a China tree a umbrella China tree aux: {X} Interviewer: Or smaller though, not a tree just a little #1 plant that # 794: #2 a little plant? # aux: {X} 794: I believe you got me on that. {NW} {C: laughing} Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a toadstool or a frog bench? 794: No I've heard of uh a frog beds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: something like that there frogs makes them a bed you know out in the ground Interviewer: What's something though that would grow in the yard? That's shaped like a little umbrella, it's got a little stem to it and then a little cap on top. It's real soft, you could just kick it over. 794: Oh that's uh crawfish crawfish bed it's dirt the crawfish and there's crawfish and now they make a hold in the ground and and and they make a around here and and build it up sometimes that high Interviewer: Well something that grows though after say if you had a heavy rain something that would spring up that grows out in, in the yard 794: Is it a kind of weed? Interviewer: Well aux: {NW} {C: laughter} 794: I don't believe I can think of it. aux: {X} 794: Oh! Mushrooms. Mushroom, yeah, mushroom. Interviewer: Can you eat those? 794: No. I never did I I- I've heard of people eating them now there's a certain kind of mushroom you can eat but not like the kind that grows here. Interviewer: Any other name for mushrooms? 794: I never did hear of it. Interviewer: What about um, fairy cap or frog stool or toad stool? 794: No I never did hear of that just mushroom's I ever heard of that kind. Interviewer: And something people smoke made out of tobacco 794: A ratted tobacco? Used to be a kind of ratted tobacco that grows here to smoke and uh I have knew of boys to smoke uh uh in cigarettes the silks, corn silks corn silks make cigarettes out of them I used to smoke them myself when I'd go to school a bunch of us boys we'd get some corn silks course the teachers wouldn't allow us to smoke they knew but we'd slip off out in the woods you see and smoke them at Interviewer: {NW} 794: Recess hour and noon hour. Interviewer: What's a big brown thing people smoke? Bigger than a cigarette. 794: uh cigars Interviewer: And if someone offered to do you a favor, you might say well I appreciate it but I don't want to feel, if you don't want to feel like you owe them something then, you'd say I don't want to feel like I'm 794: A cable or feel like that I don't care about smoking or Interviewer: No if someone offers to do you, to do a, to do you a favor 794: Oh Interviewer: You might say well thank you, but I don't want to feel, what? You'd say obligated or beholden or how would you say that? 794: Not obligated to to use that or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Not under obligations to use it. Interviewer: And, you'd say I'll dare, a child might say, I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you 794: Bet you wouldn't go or be afraid to go Interviewer: Do you ever say I bet you daren't go or dassn't go 794: Yeah I've heard of uh Well I dare you to go to a graveyard at night or something uh a ghost will get you they call them a ghost you see but that's just all talk Interviewer: {NW} Um, you'd tell a child you're not doing what you 794: Supposed to do. Interviewer: What's another way of saying that? 794: What you should do. Interviewer: Or what you 794: Should not do. Interviewer: Do you ever say what you 794: What you should do or what you're supposed to do or supposed not to do or sh-, or should not do #1 Or what you ou- # Interviewer: #2 or what you're going to do # 794: or have done Interviewer: What about using the word ought? You'd say you're not doing what you 794: Supposed to do Interviewer: Or using the word ought. 794: {X} I don't believe I Interviewer: Do you say what you ought to do 794: What you ought to do What you ought not to do Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if someone asked you to do something and you just refused to do it you'd say, they'd ask you will you do that and you'd say no I 794: No I will not. {X} Will not or don't care to. Interviewer: Or no I 794: No I {NS} I won't. Interviewer: Huh? 794: No I won't. Interviewer: And, if you had done something that was hard work, and all the time you were working a friend was just standing around watching you work, without offering to help, when you get through working you might tell him instead of just standing there, you know, you might 794: Help me. Interviewer: You'd already finished working you'd say you might 794: Might help me do this or should help me Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if I ask you if you'll be able to do some work next week you might say well I'm not sure but I 794: I'll try to. Interviewer: Do you ever say I might could? 794: I might might help you or I might not or or I try to. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say that would be hard mountain to 794: to do hard hard hard work to do or Interviewer: or 794: might be hard to do or too hard to do Interviewer: Uh-huh. And talking about a mountain, you'd say that would be a hard mountain to 794: To climb. Interviewer: But last year my neighbor 794: Clumb it. Interviewer: But I have never 794: Clumb it. Interviewer: And, say if, if you had a question, I might say well I don't know the answer to your question, you better go what someone else? 794: Go to someone else and find out or see Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: for sure. Interviewer: Go what them your question? 794: This which? Interviewer: You'd, you'd go over to them and 794: and and and and ask them about it Interviewer: And, you'd say so I went over there and I 794: asked him that question Interviewer: And he might say, you're the second person who has 794: Second person who has asked me about that. {NS} {C: phone ringing} Someone calling you. aux: {X} 794: That may be {D:Brenda} down here, that's the little girl down here that uh Interviewer: With the plumbing? 794: #1 No she calls my wife a lot of time she # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: #1 she goes to my wife she asks me # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: #1 treats my wife like she's her mother you know she wants to know anything she'll ask my wife about it # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: #1 And she's about, something about your size, # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: #1 she's um # aux: #2 {X} {C: talking on the telephone} # 794: She's only about uh aux: {X} {C: talking on the telephone} 794: fifteen now Interviewer: She's married? 794: Oh yeah she's got a baby she, she married when she was about fourteen. Interviewer: Gosh. 794: Thirt- thirteen, I believe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: At thirteen she married. And her husband he was he wasn't quite sixteen when he married. aux: {X} {C: talking on the telephone} Interviewer: You'd say um, those boys got mad and, those boys would get mad and do what? aux: {X} {C: talking on the telephone} 794: Fight? Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say yesterday they got mad and 794: Got mad and fought. Interviewer: And ever since they were small have aux: {X} {C: talking on the telephone} 794: Troubled, or or Interviewer: They have what each other? 794: They had uh ill will toward each other and want to fight each other Interviewer: And you'd say um, ever since they were small they have 794: They had trouble. Interviewer: And they have what each other? 794: They'd fight with each other. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say um You'd say he, they have never what each other? 794: Never fought each other, never had no trouble with each other. Interviewer: And, you'd say I, I threw the ball and he 794: He caught it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd throw the ball and ask someone to 794: To catch. Interviewer: And I've been fishing but I haven't 794: This which? Interviewer: I've been fishing all day but I haven't 794: Caught anything. Interviewer: And talking about something you'd see in your sleep, this is what I 794: Dreamed of. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And often when I go to sleep I 794: I dream. Interviewer: But I can't always remember what I have 794: Oh what I dreamed. Interviewer: What I have 794: Wh- Wh- What I drum, or what I dreamed I believe. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I can't always remember what I dream. Interviewer: And you say I dreamed I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I {NS} 794: Fell. Interviewer: Or I was dreaming and then I 794: I fell I woke up Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the kind of bird that can see in the dark 794: Is um a pigeon Interviewer: or that can see in the dark 794: can see in the what kind of bird I can see in the dark? Interviewer: What kind of bird sees in the dark? Makes a scary noise around a graveyard? 794: Whippoorwill Interviewer: What makes a scary noise though? 794: Well uh Sometimes a dove does and and {NS} and a but what makes a {X} is a owl Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some called them a scrunch owl and some called them a who owl Interviewer: Are they the same thing? 794: No, it's a different kind of owl a scrunch owl is a small owl and it had a kind of a small head a small face and a who owl he's a pretty good size owl and and he has uh a large head Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Large face and all. And uh he said who who who who who who a whoo-ahhh {C: mimicking owl} thataway and and and a scrunch owl they they'll scream like Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh sorta like uh a cat a wild cat or something like that say {X} {C: screaming sound} something thataway Interviewer: Do y'all have those around there still? 794: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What's a kind of black and white animal that's got a real strong smell? 794: Pole cat. Interviewer: Say some animals have been coming and killing your chickens, you didn't know just what kind they were. 794: It's a mink. Interviewer: What else could it be? 794: A possum. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: possum. They killed your chicken mink A possum will catch them and kill them they'll eat them Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And a mink they'll catch them and they'll cut the throat and they'll suck the blood out of them they they won't eat the meat. They just suck the blood out of them. Interviewer: What general name would you have for those kind of animals that come and kill your chickens? You'd say I'm gonna get a gun and kill those 794: Wild animals or uh mink or coons or whatever kind it is Interviewer: Would you ever call them varmints? 794: Varmints yeah varmints that's right well uh that includes all of them together you see varmints that's the coon or a mink or or a or owl or anything like that that's certain kind of owls that kills your chickens too and catches them and a hawk Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A hawk catches chickens course they go, they don't come to your chicken house at night they catch them in the daytime Interviewer: Would a rat be a varmint? 794: Well uh in a way no it it uh it's not say a varmint it's it's might say a pest Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A rat'll eat your corn or if you have any kind of seed out grains it'll eat that or peanuts Interviewer: What's a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 794: A bushy? Interviewer: A bushy tailed animal? 794: Well uh That's a squirrel. Interviewer: What different kinds of squirrels are there? 794: Well there's a cat squirrel and there's a fox squirrel. There's uh there's uh a red fox squirrel and there's a black fox squirrel. Interviewer: Is the fox squirrel bigger than the 794: Bigger than a cat squirrel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is there something like a squirrel that's got little stripes down its back? 794: Well uh uh there's a pole cat that has stripes on its back Interviewer: Do you have something called a chipmunk or a ground squirrel? 794: Well yeah there's a ground squirrel Interviewer: What does that look like? 794: Well, it it's smaller than a a cat squirrel is or a fox squirrel and uh it's not fit to eat. Now a fox squirrel or a cat squirrel is good to eat and there's a flying squirrel it has wings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: It's not fit to eat either. Interviewer: Does a ground squirrel have stripes on it? 794: Yes it has stripes on it. Interviewer: Can it climb trees? 794: Well I don't think they can. I think they just get generally on the ground like a rabbit you see a rabbit can't climb Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Trees. But a squirrel can. Interviewer: What different kinds of fish do you get around here? 794: Catfish. Perch fish. Uh goggle-eye fish. Brim. Interviewer: What about in the salt water? 794: Well uh there's some in salt water now this here water up here on the Cedar of this creek between here and Winnfield that's a kind of salt water and it runs into {D: Dugdemona} and that's a kind of a salt water too but um there's different kind of fish there's a trout in there and there's speckled perch there's a brim there's a white perch there's what they call a red bellied perch and there's catfish there's a jackfish and there's a Grendel and there's a garfish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a Grendel look like? 794: Well it it's a kind of a long kind of a long fish uh sort of the shape of a jackfish some people eats them but I never did never did care about the flavor of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Now catfish is good to eat and buffalo. now buffalo a lot of people eats them they they sell them here at the markets and trout every once in occasion but not so very often and uh they sell catfish and buffalo Interviewer: What do they sell that comes from south of here down at the Gulf? 794: Shrimp. Interviewer: If you wanted to buy some of those you'd ask for maybe three pounds of 794: of shrimp. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah about three pounds of shrimp you see that they're small {D: stuff so like} Interviewer: What, what does uh pearls grow in? 794: Huh? Interviewer: What do pearls grow in? 794: I really don't know. Interviewer: Well what, what comes in a shell? {NS} That they 794: Oysters? Interviewer: Huh? 794: Oysters. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And something you hear making a noise around the lake at night 794: Well it's generally some kind of a varmint. Interviewer: Well something that hops around that makes a croaking noise? 794: Frogs. Interviewer: What different kinds of frogs? 794: Well uh there's a toad frog. There's a bullfrog. And there's a spring frog. Interviewer: How big is a spring frog? 794: Well uh he's something like uh something like a bullfrog what they call a bullfrog they're larger than the toad frog Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do you call the ones that are real small? 794: In the frog line? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The little green ones you might see it on a 794: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 tree or # on your, your screens 794: Tree frogs. That's what you call a tree frog. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They go up on the trees. Interviewer: If you wanted to go fishing, what might you dig up to go fishing with? 794: Do which? Interviewer: If you wanted to go fishing, what could you dig up to go fishing 794: Earth worms. Earth worms. Interviewer: And a small fish you could use. 794: Well you'd use earth worms or small fish or you could take these little minnows catch these little minnows off and out of the water and use them for for um larger fish course some small fish'll bite them but uh small fish rather have these earthworms. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh You can catch trout fish with these uh minnows Interviewer: mm-hmm. What's a hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell? 794: Or what? Interviewer: What's something that has a hard shell that can pull its neck and legs into its shell? 794: Oh that's a terrapin or a turtle Interviewer: What's the difference? 794: Well a terrapin uh they're just on a dry land and they're smaller that than a turtle is a turtle they wanna stay in the water and uh they're good to eat. But I never did hear of anybody eating terrapins. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of turtles called cooters? 794: No I don't believe I have. Interviewer: And you'd say um, say if a bee stung you, you'd say your hand did what? 794: Stung. By a bee. Interviewer: And that after you were stung, your hand 794: swollen up. Interviewer: And you'd say it's still pretty badly 794: Yeah pretty badly swollen. Interviewer: And if a bee stings you then you hand'll 794: Will swell up and it and it's see it's poison to it and and you have to uh {X} to put something on that some kind of liniment something or other to take that poison out of it and take the swelling out of it Interviewer: What can you put on it? 794: You can you can well it's several different kinds of liniments there's a {D: balsamic} liniment and there's uh oh I have them in there What's the name of that liniment you rub on them? aux: Absorbine junior. 794: -orbine junior. And then there's another kind I forget what it is now and and then uh {D: alky} rub is pretty good to put on a sting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Place thataway. Course it's not as good as this liniment is. {D: This balsamic} liniment it's good for rheumatism. or good for risings, where risings coming on any places it's fixing to head and it's throbbing you can put this balsamic liniment on bed it real good and uh it it it'll quit aching it'll it'll get easier and you bathe it again and you bathe often enough it'll finally come to head where you can have it lanced and it still won't hurt you when it's coming to a head. Interviewer: Is there another name for a rising? 794: Bunions. Well a bunion no that's not like a rising is it's kind of a a growth like kind of a growth like that grows on your your feet Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a boil? 794: A what? Interviewer: A boil? 794: Boil well there's boils too or that's something like uh a rising except they don't come to a head just like a rising does {X} sore all together your see it's Interviewer: It doesn't have a head in it? 794: Well uh Not much of a head it it's more of a just continued bruised place like Interviewer: What, when a rising opens, the stuff that drains out is? 794: Oh well you call that the puss. But you only get the main part of it is the core the core of the rising, you get that core out and then you mash that puss out you see and you can get the puss out if you don't get this core out it it won't heal up Interviewer: What do you have in a blister? Well a blister that's where uh like your shoe rubs your foot Mm-hmm. 794: Or you're working chopping or sawing and it cause a blister to come in your hand thataway well you um you generally take a stick a needle some people sticks a pin in but a pin is poison you stick stick a needle in there and uh it it and drain it out mash it and get it out of there Interviewer: Get what out? 794: Or or the puss you got a puss a water like in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh or you can take your point of a knife that's sharp point of knife and open it with it Interviewer: Mm--hmm. Oh. You'd say I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it what? 794: I didn't understand that. Interviewer: Say that it was bad weather, you'd say 794: Oh Interviewer: I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it 794: a raining. Interviewer: When it what to rain? When it 794: Raining or sprinkling. Sprinkling or raining. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, you'd say he was feeling so good that instead of walking he what all the way home? 794: He uh Interviewer: Instead of walking, he 794: He crawled or he uh staggered or Interviewer: No, he's feeling good. 794: Oh feel good oh he run Interviewer: Mm-kay. 794: He run yeah. Interviewer: You'd say he has what a mile? 794: Quite a mile. Interviewer: He has already 794: Went a went a mile. He he's already went a mile already gone a mile or already went a mile Interviewer: We're talking about him running, he's already 794: Already run ran a mile Run a mile or some called it run some called it ran Interviewer: Which would you say? 794: Well I believe I'd call it it if he's already done it he's all, he's already ran a mile and if he hadn't done it and he'd going to he's a go- going to run a mile Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say that's the book that you what me for Christmas? 794: Say what is that? Interviewer: That's the book that you what me for Christmas? 794: #1 I don't believe I understand that. # Interviewer: #2 Well # If it's Christmas I would I'd buy you a present 794: #1 Oh a present # Interviewer: #2 and then # 794: Present for Christmas #1 A Christmas present. # Interviewer: #2 And I'd, I'd what it to you? # I'd 794: I sent it to you or mail it to you or bring it to you {C: loud background noise} Interviewer: You'd say I, I brought it to you {C: loud background noise} 794: Brought it, brought it to me. {C: loud background noise} Interviewer: And I what it to you? {C: loud background noise} {NS} 794: Do what? {C: loud background noise} {X} {C:plane flying overhead} Interviewer: If I, if I brought it you, you'd say I, I {C: loud background noise} 794: I brought it to you. {C: loud background noise} Interviewer: And then I what it to you? When I handed it over to you 794: Hand it to you. #1 Hand it to you. # Interviewer: #2 Talking about giving it # #1 You'd say I # 794: #2 I gave it to you. # Interviewer: And you'd say um, you have what me many presents before. You have 794: Given gaven me Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: {X} {C: Stuttering} Present before. Interviewer: And you'd say um if I'd borrowed something from you I'd say when I'm finished with it I'll 794: Bring it to you. Interviewer: And er what it back to you? 794: Bring it bring it back to yous. Exchange it back to you or swap it to you. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And the kind of, an insect that flies around a light. 794: Uh gnats and mosquitoes Interviewer: What's something that if you grab it powder comes off in your hand? #1 Looks kinda like # 794: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Huh? 794: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what eats holes in your wool clothes? 794: What does? Interviewer: What kinds of bugs eat clothes in your wool 794: Oh Oh um Interviewer: You call them 794: I'll think of it I know what it is Moths Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd call that, talking about just one 794: Well you'd call it a moth or or um just I believe that's all Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's an insect that has a little light in its tail? 794: Lightning bug. Interviewer: And a little insect that gets on your skin, a real small one, if you go through the woods 794: Fleas. Interviewer: Or smaller than that, it's red. 794: Oh a red bug. Interviewer: And, what kinds of it's, this is a kind of insect that's got a long thin body, got two pairs of real shiny wings, and it's supposed to, um, eat mosquitoes? 794: Oh that's a mosquito mosquito fly. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Yeah a mosquito fly. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called a snake doctor? 794: No. Don't believe it. Interviewer: What kinds of insects will sting you? 794: A wasp yellow jacket or a hornet and a bee a honey bee will sting you Interviewer: Talking about the wasp, talking about several of those, you'd talk about several 794: Well there there's a red wasp and there's uh there's a striped wasp and there's another kind let me see uh Interviewer: so there's several different kinds of 794: several different kinds of wasps and then there's a bumble bee and there's a hornet they'll sting you. Interviewer: What does, where does a yellow jacket build a nest? 794: In the ground. Interviewer: What's something that builds a nest out of dirt or mud? 794: Oh um craw fish. Interviewer: Or a kind of a, it flies, builds it up on the side of the 794: Wall like. Oh that's it a a dirt dauber. Interviewer: Do they sting? 794: No I don't think they do I never did hear of dirt daubers sting you Interviewer: And a kind of insect that hops around in the grass 794: Grasshopper. Interviewer: Have you ever heard them called a hopper grass? 794: Well I've heard them called hopper grass but I've always called them the grasshopper Interviewer: Who would call them a hopper grass? 794: Well uh several different people just called them that just uh it's uh grasshopper hopper grass or and is another kind of a uh bug that gets on you eats your flowers up that they catch fish with uh you remember this what kind it was you and me used to come over here to get? aux: it's uh {X} grass hoppers out there crickets 794: Crickets yeah crickets yeah crickets they're good to fish with too. And and they'll eat your flowers up we had uh day lilies like them out there and they get on them and uh we picked them off and we sprayed it course you can't spray that kind of flower too much it it kills it you see but we sprayed them a little and and we picked them off and burned them and it picked them off we'd kill them and uh one of my brothers he was over here one day him and his wife he says you get any more just put them in a in a little can or jar of some kind and save them for him so he's {X} good ya to catch fish with Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And he came down here several times and there's uh {NW} there's a worm that gets on the Catawba trees here it uh Interviewer: And that's good to fish with? 794: Yeah it uh is good to fish too Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some calls them caterpillars and and some calls them catawba worms Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Just a second. If you hadn't cleaned a room in a while up in the ceiling across the corner you might find a 794: A rat. Interviewer: Or up high draped across the corner you'd find a 794: Some kind of a insect or something or Interviewer: #1 What would a spider build outside # 794: #2 Oh a # Spider oh a he he'd build his nest a web Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Spider web. Interviewer: Would you call it that whether it's outside or inside? 794: Yeah. A web just the same a spider web. Interviewer: The parts of the tree that grow under the ground are called the 794: The roots. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 794: Yes. There's um there's a sassafras root it's good to make tea out of that's good for you to drink it's good for your system for your blood your health and all and uh {NS} I believe that's the only kind of tree I believe is for to make a liquid to drink Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What kind of tree do you tap for syrup? 794: Do what? Interviewer: What kind of tree can you tap for syrup? 794: You mean dig it up? Interviewer: No, there's a kind of a tree that you can get syrup from 794: Syrup from? Well that's a maple you can you can take maple timber and make syrup out of it make maple syrup Interviewer: What would you call a big group of those growing together? 794: I don't believe I know. It's uh just a maple crop of trees there's uh Interviewer: What 794: That they make sugar out of sugar maple it's sugar maple that's what it is Interviewer: What would you call a tree it's got broad leaves on it, white scaly bark you can peel off? 794: Scaled off for used for something? Interviewer: I think it it's a hardwood I think it's got little knobs or balls on it. 794: Is it a sycamore? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do they have those around here? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What # 794: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: What other kinds of trees do you have around here? 794: Well we have sycamore we have a {D:mosser} and we have a crepe myrtle that's a flower tree and we have uh different trees in the woods we have the oak several different kind of oak water oak tin oak red oak post oak and we have pine we have a maple we have a elm and we have a ironwood we have a hickory Interviewer: An ironwood? 794: Ironwood tree. Interviewer: What's that? 794: Well it it's a hard kind of wood awful hard with a kind of a rough uh scaly looking bark on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh we have persimmons. Hickory nut. Interviewer: What's the kind of tree that you showed me um, that you have in, in your yard that you 794: Well we have um We have the {D:muscletree} and we have the crepe myrtle Interviewer: What's the one that you have over there that you said someone makes jelly out of? 794: #1 oh oh that's a # Interviewer: #2 it's a bush # 794: plum oh that's oh um cherry Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: that's a {D:China} cherry and then we have uh pear trees Interviewer: What's a kind of tree that's got big white flowers on it? 794: Well uh that is uh a kind of de- delicious pear Interviewer: No no it's not, it doesn't have pears it just 794: just has uh the blooms on it? Interviewer: Yeah big white flowers and little shiny green leaves? The tree grows, it gets real big. 794: Oh yeah that's a magnolia Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Magnolia. I have one of them right out yonder but it never has bared it the little green one right out through there and I set that one out yonder that one with the little yellow looking leaves on it for magnolia but it's a bay and it never has bloomed. The bays don't bloom. But the magnolias does. and they make a large white bloom and and it smells real good it has a good odor to it Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a cowcumber tree or 794: {D: Talcum?} Interviewer: Cowcumber or cucumber tree? 794: Yeah yeah there's uh there's a cucumber tree Interviewer: What does that look like? 794: Well it's uh it's a kind of a slick bark and it has uh pretty good size leaf something like that Interviewer: #1 As broad as both your hands? # 794: #2 and and and it has # Trenches like in it sorta like this Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Now that's what they call a cucumber tree. Interviewer: Does it have flowers on it? 794: Well I never did uh never did see any flowers on it I don't believe they do. Interviewer: And a kind of a, of a bush or shrub that's got pink and white flowers on it, it blooms in late spring? 794: Well uh we have a dogwood Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That has white flowers on it. Course some time uh some of them uh a little pink right but it's mostly white flowers Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a, a spoon wood or a spoon hunt or mountain laurel or rhododendron? 794: I don't believe I did. Interviewer: And a bush or shrub, the leaves turn bright red in the fall, and it's got clusters on berries on it? 794: Well uh we have uh you could call it a tree but it's kind of a weed like that has a berries on it that has blooms on it large leaves Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And the bark of it is kinda red like well it's green when it's when it's first comes up and but it finally turns red and it has uh berries on it about the size of a buck shot and they'll turn red and get then get real ripe they're kinda dark looking more over a little more about a halfway between a red and a black Interviewer: What do you call that? 794: That's called poke salad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: People eats that. Eats the leaves of it. Early in the spring of the year {NW} say if you eat uh three meals of that {NW} it uh {NW} does you more good than a round of {X} medicine will it'll clean your system out all and uh Interviewer: Do you ever hear of something called sumac or shoe make? 794: Shoe make yeah yeah there's some shoe make bushes around here Interviewer: Is that good for anything? 794: Uh it- it it's not to eat though uh it's just a kind of a flower yeah I had several of them around here and they have pretty blooms on them and then this berry comes on there's a dark berry that uh they're they're like pretty right pretty bush and their leaves when when they get full grown they they turn kinda yellow a dark yellow Interviewer: mm-hmm 794: and some of them's almost red you might say a pale red they're they're a right pretty tree Interviewer: What kinds of berries would you grow around here that you could eat? 794: Huckleberries dewberries strawberries course huckleberries grows on bushes you see and mayhaws grows on bushes or trees like Interviewer: uh-huh. 794: And uh strawberries and dewberries they grow on a vine like now we have strawberries out here we've had a right smart of them this year they're they're uh a delicious kind of a fruit and we have some dewberries here course they're all gone now and it's strawberries too I went out there a few days back and gathered a few strawberries they're about the size of your thumb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a berry that you could get from a nursery and it would grow here? Some of them are, it's got sort of a rough surface to it, some of them are red some of them are red and black. 794: A raspberry? Interviewer: Do they grow here? 794: Well I never did see any grow {NS} here they grow some places but I never did see any grow here I don't hardly think they do. But strawberries and dewberries grows here and what we call a blackberry that grow on a briar they have a lot of stickers on them the briars does and then we have a huckleberry here and uh then we have the wild plum grows out in the woods that's about the only kind of uh berry besides the mayhaws that we have that grows here Interviewer: What kinds of bushes or vines would make your skin break out? 794: Oh a poison oak poison oak or poison ivy either one. Interviewer: How can you tell a difference? 794: Well it it's a pretty hard matter to tell the there's a little difference in it the poison oak it grows with uh with uh larger leaves on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: than the poison ivy does but we have both of them here. Interviewer: Is it a plant or a vine or? 794: Oh it's a vine. Yeah it's a vine. Interviewer: Um, say if you'd gotten someone some medicine, you'd go in and ask them why haven't you what your medicine? 794: Well uh Interviewer: If the medicine was still by the person's bed, you'd say why haven't you 794: Taken the medicine or Interviewer: and the person would say well I already 794: already taken some or already took some Interviewer: and in another hour I'll 794: take some more. Interviewer: And, you'd say if, if Bob is five inches taller this year, you'd say in one year he what five inches? 794: Well uh he grew or improved Interviewer: Mm-kay, and you'd tell him you certainly have 794: You certainly have improved or certainly have grew Interviewer: and you'd say you could almost see him 794: Almost see the difference in it or see that I've grew or fleshened up or Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or in better health either one. Interviewer: Say if you wanted to go to a movie, you'd ask someone what time does the movie? 794: Start. Interviewer: Or what's another word for start? What time does it 794: Begin. Interviewer: You'd say it must have already 794: Began. Interviewer: And ten minute ago it 794: Started Interviewer: or it, it 794: Began or started ten minutes ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And, you'd say um, he ran down the spring board and he what into the water? 794: Div into the water. Interviewer: And you'd say several children have 794: Div in the water Interviewer: But that child was too scared to 794: To dive. Interviewer: And if, if you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a 794: Uh what you call a belly a belly buster {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Did, did you ever 794: #1 Yeah, # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 794: yeah when I was a kid I did I was a little bit afraid to dive I'd heard that so many people diving into places and hitting their head against something another Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I heard of a man one time or a boy diving into a creek he's a high diver and he'd dive into any place full of water he'd see large enough to dive into he div into some creek at that had Cyprus trees on it and has these Cyprus knees down in in the creek and uh there happened to be two Cyprus knees close together and he div in and hit his head went between these Cyprus knees Interviewer: Mm. 794: And it closed up on his neck here and he stayed under there a long time and the people out on the bank kept knows said well said they're looking for him to come up way down yonder some of them dive a long way you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh they noticed the water a {X} bubbling Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: He's getting his breath under there strangling and the water beginning to bubble and uh one or two dived in or after him but they couldn't find him but he finally put his hands against these Cyprus knees and he's that strong in his arm and stout enough 'til he pressed on them hard enough to pull his head out of it but he just peeled the hide off of his head on the sides thataway and I never was no hand to dive unless I knew what kind of place I was diving into. But I have knew people that went in swimming with people that dive maybe it'd go half as far as here down to that camp house before they'd ever come up could hold their breath that long but I never could do that. Interviewer: You'd say he got in the water and what across? 794: Yeah swim. Yeah di- get in the water and swim. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Some people can swim on their back. But I never could swim on my back. I could swim on my stomach or on my side but I never could swim on my back. But I have a cousin that's uh he could swim on his back or he could walk in water he could tread a little water with his feet and he could old his hands up thisaway and he'd just be going down the creek. Treading in the water. But I never did figure out how he did that. Interviewer: You'd say he got in the water and then he what #1 all the way? # 794: #2 yeah he # Peddled it with his feet all the way down. Interviewer: Or, or with his arms and legs he what 794: Well he'd take his arms and legs and he'd swim and he'd get on his back and uh he'd work his feet thataway and he'd take his hands and he'd work them thisaway Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And and and he swam feet {D: foreman} foot {D: foreman} thataway but I never could do that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, talking about a child swimming, you'd say he, he got in the water and he what? 794: and and he swum. Interviewer: And several children have what in that creek, have 794: This what? Interviewer: #1 Several children have # 794: #2 Several # children swum in that creek yeah Interviewer: They, ever since they were small they have? 794: Well they they had swam but the way we used to do when we was going swimming was down here uh in Cedar, in Dugdemona where Cedar Creek runs into Dugdemona just above the mouth of Cedar where Cedar run into Dugdemona was a large deep hole it was about twelve fifteen foot deep and water and the large boys and the grown men they'd go in that deep water and they'd let the small boys go in the shallow part Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 794: #2 of the water. # And different holes of water some of them round close to that. and we'd swim in there and we'd dive in there and we'd finally get to ducking each other in there for devilment. and uh but I never did like that but for one time there's uh grown boy in there he'd he's bad about ducking the little boys and it uh a bunch of us little boys three or four of them got a hold of him and we'd go duck him and when they went down why I happened to be on the bottom and they all fell on top of me and I like to strangled before well I did strangle a little before I ever did get out Interviewer: Mm. 794: And I told them then I said this here di- ducking I said I don't want no more of it that's I'm through with it now and I never did duck anybody else thataway Interviewer: If someone got in the water and went all the way across you'd say he has what? 794: He swum. Swum across it. Interviewer: And if you don't know how to swim and you get in the water you could 794: Well sometimes you can float. Some people can float. Interviewer: But it, it's dangerous #1 to get in deep # 794: #2 oh it it's dangerous to get in water if you can't swim. # Interviewer: Because you might 794: You might drown. Interviewer: You'd say yesterday somebody 794: Drowned. Interviewer: And when they pulled him out he'd already 794: Almost drowned. When they when they pulled him out. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And if a child puts her head on the ground and rolls over she turns a 794: You mean out of the water? Interviewer: Out of the water. 794: Turns a somerset. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something, she'd say well I have to ask 794: So and so, ask my husband or my mother or my father or something thataway Interviewer: And if he was asking about her, he'd say I have to ask, if he's married he'd say I have to ask 794: Well if it's uh it's a woman she'll have to ask her husband Interviewer: And if it's a man? 794: It's a man, I'll ask my wife. Interviewer: Any joking ways you, you'd refer to your husband or your wife? 794: Yeah uh Any joking way you might say it's who devilment like and uh something funny funny joke and a course some tells dirty jokes. Interviewer: Well anything else you'd say besides anything else a woman would say besides my husband? Anything else you'd call him besides your husband? 794: A man. Interviewer: And what would he say? 794: My wife or my lady or the old lady Interviewer: Mm-kay. 794: And sometimes the woman calls me an old man. Interviewer: And a woman whose husband is dead, she's called a 794: Kinda hasting herself Interviewer: Huh? If her, if her husband is dead, she's called a? 794: Widow. Widow woman. Interviewer: What if he just left her? Then she'd be a 794: A grass widow. Interviewer: Did they have to be divorced to be a grass widow? 794: No. Interviewer: And your father and mother, together they'd be your? 794: Companion. Then no uh father and mother together Interviewer: Would be your 794: Father and my mother. Interviewer: Or your pa- 794: Let's see uh {NS} Well I've always called them my father and mother you see if they're living together Interviewer: Well, what's another name for father and mother? #1 They're you # 794: #2 Papa, mama. # Call them papa and mama. Some calls them father and some calls them mother calls some calls them papa and some calls them mama and it come some calls them daddy Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or together, both of them would be called your 794: Father and mother. Interviewer: Or you'd be their children, you and your brothers and sisters would be the children. 794: Children of my mother and father. Interviewer: And they'd be your 794: Father and mother. Interviewer: Or your pa- 794: My parents. Interviewer: What would your father's father be? He'd be 794: Grandfather. Interviewer: And his wife would be your? 794: Grandmother. Interviewer: What would you call them? 794: Grandma and grandpa. A grandmother and grandfather. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say I was the youngest of five 794: Five children. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides children? 794: Well in in a way they used to call them chaps. Interviewer: Do you hear that now? 794: No I don't ever hear that now. Interviewer: A name that a child is known by just in his family, you'd call that a what name? 794: Well would it be a nickname you'd call him or or call them by your mother's surname or your father's surname or Interviewer: Do you ever say a pet name or a basket name? 794: Pet name. Pet name. Interviewer: What would be a pet name? 794: Well it'd be honey or darling or dear Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Something like that. Interviewer: And something on wheels that you can put a baby in and it'll lie down? 794: Uh uh a cart cart it has wheels on it cradle has rockers on it. Interviewer: What does the cart look like? Does it have a hood over it? 794: Well uh uh some has a little hood over it like it'd carry them out in the sunshine little hood over it to cover its face or probably down to its waist here and with handles on it where you could push it like uh it has four wheels you see and handles only the handles up high you could push it walk behind it and push it like you would a wheelbarrow Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: Uh one of these rolling chairs like that Interviewer: If you have two children you might have a son and a 794: Daughter. Interviewer: Or a boy and a 794: A girl. Interviewer: And if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has, and the same shaped nose, you'd say that he 794: Taken after his father. Interviewer: What if he has the same mannerisms and the same behavior? You'd say he 794: Same disposition. Interviewer: And if a woman's looked after three children until they're grown, you'd say she has what three children? 794: Three good children. Interviewer: Or her husband died and she had to 794: Raise those children. She had to raise those three children. Interviewer: And if a child's misbehaving, you'd telling them if you do that again you're gonna get a 794: Well if he's misbehaving they call him uh a mean child or a child that disobeyed Interviewer: What would you say you were gonna do to him? #1 You're gonna # 794: #2 Whoop him. # Interviewer: Huh? 794: Or go to whoop him. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else you'd say? You'd 794: Uh give him a striping. Interviewer: What's a striping? 794: Well that that's whooping him too that's whooping him hard with a switch you see leave the the the print of the switch on him or the they make your blood come to the top of the skin Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And make red streaks on his legs there where you hit him at Interviewer: What would you say you were gonna do to a small child? #1 You wouldn't # 794: #2 Paddle him. # Would paddle him spank him Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Spank him or paddle him. Interviewer: That's not as bad huh? 794: No that's not as bad. Course you can spank them hard enough until you blister them. The skin is tender you see and will blister them Interviewer: What would you say you'd done to them then? You'd given them a 794: I spank him too hard I blistered him. Interviewer: And if a woman's gonna have a baby you'd say that she's 794: She's uh pregnant. Interviewer: Did people use to use that word? When you were growing up? 794: Well some not so much mostly in the family way Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: In the family way. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any joking ways of saying that? 794: Well not much. Only and well she's getting large or something like that you know Interviewer: If you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby, the woman you could send for would be called a 794: Would call um kind of a a mother doctor or uh I forget what they call them now my mother she was she she's helped deliver several babies you know Interviewer: Do you ever hear it called a granny woman or a midwife? 794: Do which? Interviewer: A granny woman or a midwife? 794: Yeah I've heard of a granny woman Yeah yeah granny woman yeah that's what they call the woman you see that uh that then bring babies you see them in place of a doctor granny woman yeah that's it yeah oh uh one of my cousins first cousin lives about a mile or two below here used to here that uh she's gonna bring birth to baby and they call her doctor and my mother went down there and this woman's husband's mother went and the doctor didn't get there and they brought the baby to birth had the woman too and uh and uh they wash the woman and wash the baby and and uh you know they a baby that they have a long navel skin you know and they cut the navel skin off and they wrapped that up and had it fixed up in first class shape and the doctor finally got there but it's all over with and he told them he says uh y'all are just as good a doctor as I was says you done as good work as I did yeah there's a lot of old women thataway that uh could just wait on a woman like uh a doctor could Interviewer: What would you call a child who was born to a woman who wasn't married? 794: Bastard. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use? 794: Yeah that that's what you call a bastard that uh that they wasn't married you see and some would call it a wood's colt Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Wood's colt, and some called it a bastard. Interviewer: Which would you call it? 794: Well mostly a bastard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh what they meant a wood's colt that was just out a man outta them woods like cattle you see just like you've got cows out there and you've got several bulls out there {NS} and uh it's just liable to be either one of them you see Interviewer: A wood's colt you don't know who the father is? 794: Yeah don't know who the father is yeah Interviewer: Do you know if it's a bastard? Who the father 794: Yeah Yeah well uh uh you don't have to know for sure who the father is but if she's not married you know it's a bastard Interviewer: Mm-hmm. A woman who conducts school is called a? 794: One that teaches school? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Schoolteacher. Interviewer: Any old fashioned name for a woman teacher? 794: Well uh I have used old maids school teachers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That never did marry, you see. They call them the old maid. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd say Jane is a loving child but Peggy is even what? Jane is loving but Peggy is even 794: A mean natured child mean disposition Interviewer: Or she's loving too, you'd say Jane is loving child but Peggy is even Would you say lovinger or more loving or 794: More loving. Interviewer: And your brother's son would be called your 794: Nephew. Interviewer: And a child whose parents are dead is called a 794: orphan child. Interviewer: And the person who's supposed to look after him is called his legal 794: father. Interviewer: Or legal guar- 794: Legal father or legal mother. Interviewer: And if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my 794: Nephews and nieces. Interviewer: What if it's your aunts and uncles and everybody, you'd say they're all my 794: Uncles and aunts nephews and nieces Interviewer: Or what would be just a general name for everyone like that? 794: Well uh Some called it a whole swarm of them Interviewer: A swarm of what? 794: Swarm of uncles and aunts nephews and nieces Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you ever call that folks or kin folks or relatives? 794: Yeah relatives some calls them relatives some calls them kin folks Interviewer: Which would you call them? 794: Well Both both of them relatives or kin folks either one mostly kin folks used to be the old {X} kin folks of course now uh you have so many different kin folks that they call them relatives Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me, but actually we're no 794: No kin or no uh don't favor or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: or not the same disposition Interviewer: What do you mean don't favor? 794: Well that means that uh you don't look alike you see in your face you probably you have uh uh uh uh different uh pulection {C: I think he means complexion} or you have uh a different disposition or your face Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Some smiles and some don't some don't never smile some's friendly and some's not friendly some just sociable and some isn't sociable you see that means to help each other Interviewer: Uh-huh Someone who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before, you'd call him a 794: strangers. Interviewer: What if he came from a different country? 794: If he do what? Interviewer: If he came from a different country 794: Well uh it uh he's a stranger sure and he's uh he's not acquainted here Interviewer: Would you ever call him a foreigner? 794: Yeah call him a foreigner. When they're way off you see a different country countries call him a foreigner Interviewer: If, would the person have to come from a different country to be a foreigner? 794: Yeah. Yeah that's right. Interviewer: And, the name of a barrel maker, what'd they used to call a barrel maker? 794: Bureau makers? Interviewer: Barrel makers. 794: You mean embarrass people? Interviewer: No. No a big wooden barrel you know 794: Oh barrel Well I don't believe I know. Interviewer: Well, if someone's last name, did you ever hear the name Cooper or Cooper? 794: Cooper yeah Cooper. I've heard of people named Cooper. And there used to be a man here by the name of Cooper And there's a man name a Cup Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And there's a man name a Saucer. So uh there's some man uh this fellow Cup and Saucer they met up and there's some man that knew them both they didn't know each other but there's some man knew them both says uh he introduced them to each other says Mister Cup meet Mister Saucer {NW} {C: laughter} Interviewer: Talking about the name Cooper or Cooper, what would you call a married woman with that last name? If you were introducing her you'd say this is 794: Ms. Cooper. Interviewer: And 794: Or Ms. Cup ever which it was. Interviewer: Say a preacher that isn't very well trained just sort of preaches here and there and he's not very good at preaching, what might you call him? 794: Well some of them calls him jack legged preachers and some of them call them hen peck preachers Interviewer: What is how do they get 794: Hen pecked you know don't understand it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 They don't know much about it. # It's uh Interviewer: What does jack legged mean? 794: Well that's just uh fellow gets up there and talks mostly talks and don't know much about what he's doing what he's saying Interviewer: What else would you call a jack leg besides a preacher? 794: Well uh a lawyer some lawyers they're not much of a lawyer call him a jack legged lawyer Interviewer: What about a carpenter? 794: Well carpenters same way. Jack legged carpenter same way. and most uh any kind of work if he's uh not entirely into it you see they don't understand it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Just call him a kind of a jack legged like Interviewer: If you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he 794: Where was he borned at Interviewer: Or where does he what from? 794: Oh {X} what places he's from what uh parish or what state Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Or what town. Interviewer: And you'd say, he what here on the train last night? He 794: Well he came in here from another state on the on the train from another state last night he's uh a stranger you call him a stranger like Interviewer: And you'd say, he has what to this town? He has 794: Well you'd call him a kind of a stranger to town or a new person to the town Interviewer: You'd say this is the first time #1 that he's ever # 794: #2 first time # First time he's ever been here. Interviewer: Or this is the first time that he's ever what here? 794: Eh Ever been to ever got to been to at this town or ever arrived at this town Interviewer: Or talking about him coming, you'd say that this is the first 794: first time he's ever come. Interviewer: And you'd say um if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers, you'd say last night we had a 794: Frost. Interviewer: What if it's harder than that? 794: Yeah we had had a frost last night. Sometimes a light frost sometimes a heavy frost that's uh if it's uh dry weather Interviewer: Uh-huh 794: and it's a light frost it don't hurt much. But uh if it's a heavy frost in dry weather i- i- it damages right smart but if it's a a wet frost and and uh hard frost it kills stuff completely they don't come out. Interviewer: What's worse than a hard frost? When it gets even colder than that? 794: Well uh uh I don't know of any kind of weather that's worse except a hail Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: A hail now come and sleet or snow either one and comes a hard freeze on that course snow's not as bad as sleet or hail hail's the worst of all Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: If it hails hard enough it'll sometimes it's large enough the hail sometimes it's small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 794: But if it's uh either one of them's bad but the large hail is a whole lot worse than the small hail is and if it comes a big sleet and then a freeze on it why that'll kill most any kind of vegetable Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say that it was so cold last night that the pipes 794: Frozen Interviewer: #1 And they # 794: #2 pipes frozen. # Interviewer: And 794: And bursted. Interviewer: And you'd say I was gonna wrap them but they already 794: Already bursted and uh and uh and I I can't a wrap wrapping won't do any good cause I'll have to get a plumber you see and take this pipe out and put new pipe in Interviewer: Cause the wa- they, the water had already 794: Frozen. In the pipes. Interviewer: And you'd say if it gets much colder the pipes might 794: Burst. Freeze and burst. Interviewer: And you'd say he wasn't actually gonna hit his little brother but he doubled up his fist and he 794: Well he Interviewer: He what he was gonna hit him? 794: What he's goed made out like he's goed to hit him or if he did hit him he just hit him to make him behave hisself or through devilment or fun or something or or maybe he got a little mad and and he wouldn't intend to hit him but he hit him kinda accident like Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, the name of the mother of Jesus 794: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington' wife? 794: I believe I've forgotten what George Washington's wife was but Jesus' mother was uh was Mary. Interviewer: Do you remember in the Bible, the who the sisters of Lazarus were? One was named Mary and the other was named? The sisters of Lazarus. 794: No I don't remember. Interviewer: What's a girl's name that starts with an M? 794: Starts with a M? Mother or Mary Interviewer: Or 794: Mother or Mary. Interviewer: Or what about Mar-? 794: Martha well Martha starts with a M too Interviewer: You remember a song that started off wait 'til the sun shines 794: Went to the sunshine? Interviewer: Wait 'til the 794: Wait until the sunshine Yeah oh I've heard that song But it's been so long for {NS} 'til I, 'til I've forgotten it. I used to know lots of songs And used to be a pretty good singer Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Used to lead the singing. in the church. and uh but uh I just got out of practice I don't lead any singing now at all and uh I never did read the Bible no big lot Interviewer: What's the um, you remember the song, it's about Aunt Dinah's quilting party? 794: I don't believe I do. Interviewer: What the name of the girl in that one was? 794: I don't believe I ever heard that one. Interviewer: And in the Bible, the first book in the New Testament is called? The first of the four gospels. 794: I don't believe I know. Interviewer: It's Matt- 794: Which? Interviewer: The others are Mark, Luke and John? 794: Mark and John and uh Luke Interviewer: And the first one is Matt-? 794: Mm-hmm. Mark, John, and Luke. Joseph. Interviewer: What about Matt-? 794: I don't believe I understand that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of Matthew? 794: Matthew yeah Matthew a-huh. Luke John and Matthew Interviewer: What was the name of the wife of Abraham? 794: Abraham Lincoln? Interviewer: Or in the Bible. 794: I don't remember. Interviewer: What's a girl's name that starts with an S? 794: That done what? Interviewer: That starts with an S? 794: S? {NS} Sarah. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Wasn't Sarah was it? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a boy who's nickname is Bill, his full name would be? 794: Believe you got me there. Interviewer: Or his nickname is Will 794: Will and they and called him Bill Interviewer: Or what's his full name? Will is short for 794: Well a lot of people that they call Will his name's Will eh- for short name they call him Bill Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: It's just like uh Robert some people named Robert and they call him Bob you see it's a shorter name thataway Interviewer: Well what, sometimes, someone named Will that's just a short name, that's just a nickname, what's that short for? 794: Well I don't know except just a easier name to call you see just like Will or Bill or William Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: or Bill. Interviewer: If you father had a brother by that name, what would you call him? 794: Well I'd call him uncle Will. Interviewer: And President Kennedy's first name was? 794: Kennedy well it was several of the Kennedy's you see Interviewer: Or in the Bible, there's Matthew, Mark, Luke and 794: Yeah Interviewer: And what? 794: Matthew Mark and Luke and um I don't believe I know the other one. Interviewer: And, what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 794: Your mother's sister? She'd be your aunt. Interviewer: And, the highest rank in the Army. 794: A General. Interviewer: What's beneath a General? 794: Well that's uh {NS} One of the head men the main ones in the Army the general Interviewer: You know the, the Kentucky Fried Chicken place? 794: Do which? Interviewer: You know the Kentucky Fried Chicken place? 794: No. No don't believe. Interviewer: You never, there's one here in the Winnfield. You never? 794: I don't believe I do. Interviewer: What else do they have in the Army beside the General? 794: Oh uh Sergeant Captain that there's on the ships and uh Interviewer: What about a Ker-? 794: Which? Interviewer: Kern- 794: I don't know about that. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of a colonel? 794: Yeah a Colonel a General or Colonel Interviewer: And the person who presides over the court is called a? 794: I don't believe I know Interviewer: Well in town, the person who presides over the court is the county 794: Oh the county agent or the judge the district attorney Interviewer: And a person who goes to school is called a? 794: The uh principal Interviewer: or 794: Oh uh you mean the mean man at school that's principal th- the child is the one that goes to school is a scholar Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you say if, would you still call them a scholar if they were in college or high school? 794: Well I suppose they'd call it a high school student Interviewer: Uh-huh. And a woman who works in an office and does the typing and so forth, she's called a 794: Type writer. Interviewer: Or a sec- 794: Type writer I believe. Interviewer: Or or what else could you call a woman who who works in an office and answers the phone and types and {X} 794: Secretary Interviewer: And a man on the stage would be an actor. A woman would be a? 794: Would be more active or Interviewer: Or he would be called an actor, if he's in plays or movies 794: Yeah called active. Interviewer: What would you call a woman who's in plays or in movies? 794: Well I don't know unless you called her assistant actor I don't believe I know. Interviewer: And if you're born in the United States, you say that you're a 794: You're a citizen of the United States Interviewer: You're not a foreigner 794: You're not a foreigner, no. Interviewer: You're a what? 794: You're a You're not a foreign but you a citizen of the United States and you was born and raised in the United States well that's still you'd be a citizen Interviewer: Uh-huh. You'd say, you'd say the United States of 794: State of Louisiana. Interviewer: What's the full name for the, the USA? The United States of 794: America. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what different names were there for black people? 794: Well they used to call them niggers. Niggers. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But uh they don't like a long time ago that's all their name was ever called but now they're kinda mixed of people black people and white together uh uh like to be called black, they don't like to be called a nigger at all Interviewer: What's the correct name for the race? 794: Well niggers nigger race that's all I ever ever called a correct name you see. it's a it's a black race but they call them niggers Interviewer: Would you ever call it negro? 794: Negro yeah negro in place of a nigger. Now that's that's what they are the correct name a negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any joking names or insulting names that people used to have? 794: Well Yes. What you call a nickname joking name thataway there's a kind of a nickname but uh you don't hear that much now they uh they generally call them the main name you see sometimes they call them their full name just like mine George {B} but they mostly call me {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And when I worked in a place they generally just put down my initials call me G M Interviewer: What would you say your race is? 794: A white race. Interviewer: Any other names for white? 794: Well no not only uh American uh Interviewer: only what? 794: American or I believe uh we call it English people I believe Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: the English American people Interviewer: Is that where your people came from? England or? 794: No no. But I don't know why they call them England There because way back yonder they called them English English people no uh my people now on my father's side my grandfather he came from Cincinnati Ohio Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And my mother on my father's side she's she was born here this is her native home. And my grandfather and my grandmother on my mother's side their native home is in Alabama. Mobile Alabama. That's where they came from. Interviewer: What would you call a child that, one parent is black and the other is white? 794: Well you'd call it mix breed half nigger and half white Interviewer: And what did blacks used to call the man that they'd work for? 794: call him a master or captain Interviewer: What would you call the French people down south of here? 794: Well We called them a southern people southern people and some calls them the French people Interviewer: Any joking names for them? 794: Well I not that I know of I suppose though that there is. Interviewer: Did you ever hear coon? 794: Yeah coons yeah that's right Call them coons too. Interviewer: What's that, the? 794: Well I don't know But it's it's uh it's uh French people that uh they call it's a nationality a people that is and some of them calls them coons course that's a nickname a coon is Interviewer: Do you ever hear them called coonass? 794: Yeah Coonass too Yeah Interviewer: How does that sound? 794: Well it sounds kinda ugly to me Interviewer: What would you call white people that you look down on, they don't want to work, #1 they're too lazy? # 794: #2 No count people. # Kind of no count people or or trash. Interviewer: What would blacks call whites that they don't like? 794: Well uh I really don't know but uh you see way back down there at the blacks they was afraid they say anything out of the way or in a hard way name for the white people you see for you see they they they black people they came here at this this country for slaves they used to be slaves you see for the white people and uh course they called them slaves then Interviewer: What would you call someone who lives out in the country, and he doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town you can tell right off that he comes from way out in the country. 794: uh he he don't know what to do he's kindly ignorant like he's uh Interviewer: You'd call him a what? 794: Well some calls him kind of a country nigger and some called him ignorant Interviewer: What would you call a white person like that? 794: Well kind of out in the country it uh it didn't know much or wasn't acquainted with it he's uh some people they'd call him ignorant Interviewer: Do you ever call him a, a hillbilly or 794: #1 Some called him # Interviewer: #2 a Hoosier? # 794: a hillbilly yeah kind of a hillbilly like Interviewer: And if you were at a party and you looked at your watch and you saw that it was about eleven thirty or so you'd say well we'd better be getting home it's what? 794: About dinner time or Interviewer: or 794: Twelve o'clock or dinner time or noon time Interviewer: It's not dinner time yet but it's 794: Soon will be. Interviewer: And you'd say that ice is hard to walk on, I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I 794: Slid. Interviewer: and I like 794: Like to fell. Interviewer: And if someone's waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere, and they call out and ask if you'll be ready soon. You'll say I'll be with you in 794: Just a few minutes. Interviewer: And if you know you're on the right road but you're not sure the distance, you could ask somebody 794: Ask somebody the distance Interviewer: You ask them how 794: How far. Interviewer: And if you're pointing out something nearby you'd tell someone now just 794: That's what I want or what I need. Interviewer: Do you ever say lookit or looky here? 794: Yeah say looky here this is what I want Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you'd, a child might say Sue um Susie's dress is pretty but mine is even 794: Prettier. Interviewer: And if I ask you um, when are y'all going to Alexandria? You might say well right now we're 794: Ready. Interviewer: Or we're what to go? 794: Ready to go or will soon be ready to go. Interviewer: Do you ever say we're aiming to go now? 794: Aiming to go. Tomorrow. or this afternoon. Interviewer: What about fixing? 794: This which? Interviewer: Fixing? 794: Fixing we're fixing to go Interviewer: Does fixing mean, if you're fixing to go are you gonna go right now or? 794: Right away. {NS} {NS} {C:Door shutting} aux: {X} {C: yelling at the dog} Interviewer: And aux: {X} {C: talking to someone outside the house} Interviewer: You'd say this part of your head is called your 794: Forehead. or your farhead some call it your farhead Interviewer: Well 794: {X} And some called it your forehead. Interviewer: What would you call it? 794: Well I'd call it my forehead. Interviewer: And you'd say this is your? 794: My hair. Interviewer: And on a man hair here would be a? 794: The the the cheek Interviewer: Or he'd be growing a 794: Oh a beard. Interviewer: And this is my? 794: My my hair Interviewer: Or what you hear out of? 794: Oh my ear Interviewer: Which one? 794: uh the left one Interviewer: Huh? 794: The left ear. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Right ear my deaf ear. Interviewer: You can't hear out of that at all? 794: Can't hear out of it at all. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Mouth. Interviewer: And this is the 794: Throat. Interviewer: Or the whole thing is the? 794: Your neck. Interviewer: What about goozle? 794: Well uh that's your goozle, that's down there this part that's your goozle. Interviewer: Is that what sticks out or what you 794: Yeah it's your goozle sticks out. and uh sometimes it uh eh- eh- eh- if you get choked or strangled Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Well that's your goozle causes that Interviewer: But what does your goozle do? 794: Well it mostly in a way it braces you braces your neck and braces your head and uh Interviewer: Is that the same as the Adam's apple? 794: Well I suppose it is it {X} it protects you neck too you see Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Goozle does. Interviewer: And these are the? 794: Your teeth. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: One tooth. Interviewer: And the flesh around your teeth is the? 794: The gums. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: Hand. Interviewer: Two? 794: Hand both hands. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of people calling it anything else? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What? 794: Well uh the pan some calls it pan some calls it the palm Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: The palm of your hand. Interviewer: And this is one 794: Fist. Interviewer: Two? 794: Both fist. Interviewer: And the place where the bones come together is called a? 794: Joint. Interviewer: And on a man this is his? 794: Chest. Interviewer: And these are the? 794: Shoulders. Interviewer: And this is the? 794: Knee. Interviewer: Or the whole thing? 794: The whole uh leg. Interviewer: And this is one? 794: Foot. Interviewer: And you have two? 794: Feet. Interviewer: And say if you get down in this position you say you 794: On your well you're hunkered you're hunkered down Interviewer: What's your hunkers? 794: Well that's your that's your legs your joint Your legs and your joint both and you bend them down you call it hunkered down you see and it's not like bending down and getting on your knees you see it's just standing on your feet and your legs together just kinda hunkered down like that Interviewer: If a child wants to hide from you he might go behind the couch and 794: Yeah. Or the door or something and hide thataway. Interviewer: And what? 794: Kind of drop its head down or hunker down either one. Interviewer: Do you ever say crouch? 794: #1 Crouch? # Interviewer: #2 Or squat down? # 794: Yes squat I've heard it said squat down Squat that's about the same as hunker Interviewer: What about crouch? 794: #1 Crouch. # Interviewer: #2 Would you say that? # 794: No I never did say that I've always hunkered or uh Interviewer: or squat 794: or squat. Interviewer: What's this sensitive bone here? 794: The shin. Shin of your leg. Interviewer: Say someone had been sick for a while, you'd say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit? 794: Overbalanced. Or toddles or Interviewer: Or if he's been sick 794: Stag staggered if he'd been sick Interviewer: He looks a little 794: He looks a little pale yet. Or weakling. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Someone who's in good shape, he's big and? 794: Big and fat. Fleshened up or Interviewer: He's not weak he 794: Not weak he's strong. Interviewer: What about stout? You'd mentioned that word before, what? 794: Well he's stout or strong that's about the same thing. Interviewer: Would you ever hear the word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that's turning bad? 794: Don't believe. Interviewer: And someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper, you'd say he's? 794: He he's uh a smooth tempered smooth tempered Interviewer: And someone who's always, a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs 794: Slender. Tall and slender. Interviewer: What if he's always stumbling and dropping things? 794: Well he he he he's clumsy and and helpless Interviewer: And a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense, you'd say he's just a plain 794: Well that's uh He don't do something that doesn't mean anything that's uh a kind of uncalled for work or Interviewer: Would you ever call him a fool? 794: Yeah call him a fool like. Ignorant. Or fool like. Interviewer: Does fool sound alright to say? 794: Yeah. Interviewer: What would you call a person who has a lot of money but really hangs onto his money? 794: Well uh That's a rich man it's uh he he he's uh just uh a selfish kind of a person. and just looks out for hisself and uh he don't care for the other fellow at all Interviewer: Or you'd say he's really a, a what? 794: Rich man. Interviewer: Do you ever call him a tight wad or? 794: Well yeah uh call it a tight wad yeah he won't help anybody else give anybody anything or help them in any way he's a he's a tight wad Interviewer: Uh-huh. When you say a person is common, what does that mean? 794: Common? Well that's a person that isn't stuck up or thinks he's better than other people or feels independent Interviewer: You'd say he's just a? 794: Just a common person. Interviewer: What if you say that a girl is common, what would that mean? 794: Well that means that she is not herself a stylish person and just uh a plain person. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Uh Good disposition person. Interviewer: What would you say about an older person, who still has a lot of energy does all his work and gets around real well? You'd say for his age he's awfully 794: Well he he he's awful {X} to his age and active Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And gets around good has good use of hisself Interviewer: Say 794: Course that means me you know {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Say if your children are out later than usual, you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but, still I can't help feeling a little? 794: Strange about it. Interviewer: Or you wouldn't feel easy, you'd say you felt a little? 794: Painful or a little hard about it or Interviewer: And someone else would say well they'll be home alright, just don't 794: Don't worry. Just don't worry about them. Interviewer: And a child might say I'm not gonna go upstairs in the dark, I'm 794: Brave or not a scared. and I'll I'll go ahead and not worry about me. Interviewer: Or, or another child who refused to go upstairs you'd say the child was 794: Kinda scared or not scared Interviewer: And you'd say I don't see why she's scared now, she 794: Used to Used to not be scared used to go places thataway. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And someone that leaves a lot of money on the table then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door. You'd say he's mighty 794: Mighty free-hearted or Interviewer: Or he shouldn't be so 794: So close or so uh stingy. Interviewer: Or if he just leaves his money lying out to 794: Oh uh well he he he wouldn't be uh he wouldn't be afraid of anyone a bothering it or had uh a lot of confidence in the people. Interviewer: But if if you don't think he should be like that you'd tell him you, you shouldn't be so, someone could come in and steal it you shouldn't be so 794: Particular about it. or uh Afraid that uh he'd take something that don't belong to him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And say if um, if a child was taking a test in arithmetic and, and he under, he made a bad grade on it, you'd say well, well he 794: He failed on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. He understood what he was doing but with his addition he was just too, if he made so many mistakes you'd say he was just too 794: Just too weak on it or Interviewer: #1 Or he didn't check it over, he was too # 794: #2 Not, didn't check it over. # Or not qualified for it. Interviewer: Do you ever call him care? 794: This which? Interviewer: Careless? 794: Careless. We'd call it careless you see or neglected it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And say if you were taking a trip somewhere and you had small children in the car and they were asking you when they were going to get there and how long it was going to take and you might tell them now just calm down we'll be there 794: Later on or as quick as we can get there or sooner. Interviewer: Do you ever say by and by? 794: By and by yeah we'll be there by and by. Interviewer: And you'd say there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lindsay, but sometimes she acts kind of 794: That's just which? Interviewer: You'd say there's nothing really wrong with her but sometimes she acts kind of 794: Kinda funny somewhere or #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 what # 794: little different or off a little Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: way or the other. Interviewer: What's another way of saying that? She acts a little 794: Careless or Interviewer: Do you ever say queer or quar? 794: Or a little queer about it acts a little queer about it Interviewer: What does that mean? 794: Well that is uh if she don't care don't care whether she learns it or not. Interviewer: Has that word 794: That's kind of queer you see about it. Interviewer: Has that word changed meanings in the past few years? 794: Do which? Interviewer: Has the word queer changed meaning in the past few? 794: Yeah yeah it uh you can tell it it's changed eh it it uh not so queer like you used to be and sometimes it's still queer thataway Interviewer: When someone says queer nowadays, when someone uses the word queer, does it mean the same thing that it used to mean? 794: Well yes it'd be the same thing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 794: #2 {X} # Same thing. Interviewer: Someone who makes up his own mind and then you can't argue with him, he's gonna do things his way he's not gonna listen? Interviewer: {NS} Say if someone would make up his own mind and then you can't argue with him he decides he's going to do things his way and he won't listen to you. What would you call him? 794: Well uh I'd call him uh kind of a a stubborn kind of a person. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: That don't want to agree with you about anything. Interviewer: What would you say about someone that you can't joke with at all without him losing his temper? 794: Well uh That is a person that just can't uh that can't take any #1 jokes # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 794: It's uh it it it gets off with them or or or worries them. Interviewer: Or say if something had happened to embarrass someone you might say well you better not mention that to him because on that or tease him about that cause on that subject he's still a little bit 794: he uh well uh that that'd make him angry and uh and it'd make him uh kind of suspicious things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you ever call a person like that testy or touches? 794: Touches. Well yeah in a way I have at uh it's uh kinda touches and all just like that is if if you put your hand on something that away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Kind of touches that away. It's uh kind of particular like you see, it wouldn't want s- so particular they wouldn't want you to touch them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Someone's about to lose their temper, you might tell them now just? 794: Well that'd be uh kind of quick minded and and high tempered and easy to get mad. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Someone like that, you might tell them now just keep? 794: Just keep getting mad about anything that that'll just be a kind of contrary condition Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if you didn't want him to get mad, what would you say to them? 794: Well If I say something or other kind of pacify the mind Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: to get him into good humor. Interviewer: If you'd been working very hard you'd say you were very 794: {NS} Do which? Interviewer: If you'd been working hard, you'd say you were very 794: Tired. Interviewer: Any other ways of saying that? 794: Yes. Give out. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Gave out. Interviewer: Or, using the word wear out. #1 You'd say # 794: #2 Wear out. # Yeah wear out or give out either one. Interviewer: I'm completely 794: Completely give out. Interviewer: Or completely 794: Worn out. Interviewer: And if a person has been well and then suddenly you hear that they've got some disease, you'd say well yesterday they were fine, when was it that they? 794: Let's see I didn't catch that Interviewer: If they've got a disease now, you'd say you'd ask someone well when was it that they #1 what sick? # 794: #2 Went to the doctor. # Interviewer: A-huh. Or you'd say the last time I saw him they were fine 794: Fine, last time I saw them they was fine. Interviewer: #1 When was it that they # 794: #2 what when was it they went to the doctor. # Interviewer: Or they what sick? 794: And uh the doctor said they was getting along all right. Interviewer: Well if they were sick now you'd say 794: Well uh i- if they was sick just that they was uh still worse still not doing good Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well would you say they took sick or got sick or was taken sick or #1 how would you # 794: #2 well uh they just # Just gotten sick or either taken sick either one. Interviewer: And if a person has gone out in bad weather and come in and was sneezing and everything 794: Just taken cold got wet and he's taken he giving him a cold Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if he couldn't talk right, he sounded a little 794: Hoarse. Interviewer: And if he swallowed the wrong way you'd have to 794: Kinda choke him like #1 or yeah he'd he'd cough # Interviewer: #2 then you'd do what # And say if you usually went to bed at ten o'clock at night and one night you stayed up until one o'clock, you'd say by one o'clock you'd be feeling pretty 794: Sleepy. Interviewer: And you'd say at six o'clock in the morning I'll 794: Still sleepy or don't feel like getting up or Interviewer: Or when the alarm clock goes off you 794: Well I'm still sleepy. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Still sleepy. Interviewer: And you'd say he's still sleeping, you better go in there and 794: And wake him up. Interviewer: And if you if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I 794: Sweated. Or uh perspiration. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Which would you say? 794: Well uh If he's already he he's perspirated too much Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or he or he's wet with sweat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: E- either way. Interviewer: Just a second. {NS} Someone who can't hear anything at all would be completely 794: Deaf. Completely deaf. Interviewer: Do you ever hear people say deaf? 794: Yeah. uh yeah I've heard people say deaf. uh {NS} That person over there is completely deaf. But deaf is correct name for it Interviewer: and if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the? 794: Well you have to get a doctor he's got shot he he's a bleeding or hemorrhaging Interviewer: Well and you'd have to get the doctor to take care of the? 794: Take care of the wound. Interviewer: And sometimes the wound doesn't heal back right and it gets sort of a skinless growth over it 794: It's infected. Interviewer: And you gotta cut it out or #1 burn it out # 794: #2 got to cut it out or # either burn it out one it's uh sometimes plowed- proud flesh. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Will sit up. Interviewer: And If you cut your finger, a brown liquid medicine that stings that you could put on it? 794: Iodine. Interviewer: What's a real bitter medicine people used to take? 794: To take? Well i- i- Wonder what you's taking it for? There's medicine you take for different things, you see. If if you feel bad you busy or something like that you need to take a purgative And if you uh your system's run down you need to take quinine or a tonic tonic to build your system up Interviewer: Does quinine work? 794: Oh yeah quo- uh Quinine is good for malaria you have malaria quinine is best for that it is {NS} Interviewer: I might ask you if you know a person and you'd say well I don't know him but I 794: Saw him. Or seen him. Interviewer: Or I what of him? 794: Or Or either I met him but I don't personally know him just Interviewer: Do you ever saw heared tell of him or #1 heard of him # 794: #2 yes # I've I've heard tell of him. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Oh I haven't just like I'd hear about someone I I haven't seen him I haven't saw him but uh I've heard tell of him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And Something that you do every day if I ask you do you do it often, you'd say yes I 794: Yeah very often or every day. Interviewer: I what all the time? I 794: Most all the time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you wanted to ask me whether he does that sort of thing, you'd ask me? 794: Now see ask me that again. Interviewer: If you wanna ask me whether he does that, you'd ask me? 794: Well I'd ask you or partly whatever it was that I want to and Interviewer: Um Say if you were wanted to know whether he um plays golf, you'd ask me 794: Yes I'd I'd ask you if you wanted to play golf or Interviewer: Or Say if if I have a brother and you want to know whether my brother does a certain thing how would you ask me? 794: Well I'd ask you did your brother like to do Interviewer: #1 A-huh. # 794: #2 Such # and such you see. It's this Interviewer: Would you say do he play golf or does he play golf or how would you ask? 794: Does he play golf or does he like to play golf or does he not play golf? Interviewer: And I'd say I don't smoke but he 794: He may. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I don't know but he may. Interviewer: Or and talking about smoking cigarettes, I'd say I don't smoke but he 794: He does. Interviewer: And you'd say I don't uh I think that's right but I'm not 794: Sure. Interviewer: And If someone was shot and didn't recover, you'd say the doctor did all he could but still the man 794: Go to die. {NS} Interviewer: Any other ways of saying die? 794: Pass away. Interviewer: Which sounds better? 794: Well. I suppose pass away. Interviewer: Did you ever hear any joking ways of saying died? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: What about kick 794: By which? Interviewer: Kick the 794: Kick Interviewer: Did you ever hear kick the bucket or? #1 Peg down? # 794: #2 Kick a bucket or # Interviewer: To mean died. 794: Oh. I don't believe I can get that now know several ways but it don't sound good. {NS} Interviewer: You know several ways of 794: Yeah oh uh course it's just like he's about to kick the bucket {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or if it wasn't for God why he he'd kick the bucket. That's about the only way I believe. Interviewer: Say if someone you might say well he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died 794: Been sick a week nobody can figure out what what he's got. Or what the trouble is. Interviewer: Or if he had died you'd say no one's figured out #1 what he died # 794: #2 No # Figured out what he died with. Or what was the matter with him. Interviewer: A-huh. And a place where people are buried? Where are people buried? 794: Well where was he buried or or where did they carry him to bury him? Interviewer: #1 Where # 794: #2 Or where we- # Or where was he buried at? Interviewer: A-huh. Where would they bury people around here? 794: Well so they'd bury them up at the cemetery. At the Corinth cemetery. Interviewer: Is there any other name for cemetery? 794: Well yes. Yes we have different names for other cemeteries other place now we have two cemeteries here both of them called Corinth cemetery. Course one of them at the Corinth church right up here and the other one is over at the old cemetery its a tabernacle there. But they're both called the Corinth cemetery. Then we have a cemetery here at Winfield. It called the Winfield cemetery. And uh then they have one out from Winfield out on eighty-four called Autumn Leaves cemetery. Then we have one bout four miles down here called Big Creek cemetery. Then about five miles further, there's another one that they call Zion cemetery. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What do they put the body in? 794: Well they they uh put 'em in a casket. Interviewer: Is there an old fashion name for casket? 794: Uh coffin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Coffin yeah. Interviewer: Is there an old fashion name for cemetery? 794: Graveyard. Interviewer: And you'd say after he died, everybody went #1 to the # 794: #2 to the # to the graveyard. To the grave. Interviewer: To attend the? 794: To to attend i- i- uh {NS} {C: microphone feedback} hi- his funeral. Interviewer: A-huh. If people are dressed in black, you'd say that they're in 794: Well to dress black Why they they're going to the cemetery. Interviewer: A-huh. Or the family 794: #1 oh the family # Interviewer: #2 would be in # 794: Yeah the family would be dressed in black. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: To go to the go to the funeral. Interviewer: Why would they be in black? 794: Well. That's just just idea I suppose But uh Course they don't everybody do that now but they used to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They used to uh all the family would up go dressed in black {NS} But uh they don't they don't do that now some do but very few. Interviewer: If someone dies then their family you'd say that the family was in with the family's upset that their that the person's dead so the family would be in 794: In sorrow. Oh uh Interviewer: Did you ever say in mour- 794: In which? Interviewer: Would you ever say in mourning or 794: Yeah in mourning the family's in mourning. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Family is in anyone die the family's in mourning about them. Interviewer: And a disease that children used to die from they'd choke up? 794: Oh well pneumonia. Sometimes the pneumonia they'd choke up. Die from it. Interviewer: What would they have that they'd get blisters on the inside of their throat? 794: Let me see um. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of dip- 794: To which? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of dip- 794: My throat? Yeah. Yeah I've had my throat sore thataway and and I choke my tonsils get swollen. Interviewer: A-huh. What's a disease that children would get though? In the throat and they'd die from it? 794: Well a um sometimes they die from pneumonia Interviewer: A-huh. 794: If that course that settles in the chu- in the the chest and in the throat too. Pneumonia. {NS} And uh Let me see what else. Interviewer: Nowadays 794: Flu. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Call it the flu you see some people die from that. Interviewer: They used to give people the Schick test for what disease? 794: Well they they they'd give 'em a shot uh penicillin shot Interviewer: A-huh. Did you ever hear of a disease called dip- 794: Called what? Interviewer: Dip- #1 Diphtheria # 794: #2 Diphtheria # Diphtheria. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Yes I've heard of disease called diphtheria. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 794: #2 Did # Uh I never did uh know anyone that had that but I've heard of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: People have diphtheria. Interviewer: What's a disease where your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 794: uh glands and uh Let me see I know something else if I can think of it yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: And if you have a pain down here, you'd say you had 794: Appendicitis. Interviewer: And say on an average sort of day if somebody ask you how you were feeling what would you tell 'em? 794: Well if I was in misery I'd tell 'em I was in misery and I wasn't feeling good or I was a hurting my side was a hurting like I had a appendix or something I had a hemorrhage I uh ruptured myself or Interviewer: What if you felt normal? You'd tell 'em 794: Well I feel good I I feel uh feel uh splendid. Interviewer: And how would you use the words up down or over talking about location? Like you'd say last week I saw him what Monroe? 794: Well I saw him last week go to Monroe? Interviewer: Or if you were in Monroe #1 You'd say I saw him # 794: #2 Well I saw him I s- # uh he came into Monroe. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: I saw him c- come in. Come into Monroe. Interviewer: What if, or you could say last week I saw him what Alexandria? 794: He went to Alexandria. Or I saw him in Alexandria. Interviewer: Would you ever say down in Alexandria or over in Alexandria? 794: Oh yeah over in Alexandria yeah that's right. Or from here we call it down to Alexandria and Winfield we called up to Winfield. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: We call north up and south down. Interviewer: What's over? 794: Uh east or west. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Then they're both over. Interviewer: And say if there was some trouble at a party, you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em, they arrested the 794: The whole bunch. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say beside bunch? 794: A whole crew. Uh every one of 'em. Interviewer: What about the whole push? 794: The whole crew. He arrested the whole crew. Interviewer: What about the whole push? 794: Well that means all of 'em. And that means all of them, every one that was there. Interviewer: If you say 794: The whole crew. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: That means every one of 'em. Interviewer: And if you hadn't seen a good friend of yours in a long time, when you saw him you might say I'm 794: Glad to see him. I'm glad to see him. Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? 794: Well I'm prou- yeah proud to see him. Interviewer: Does that mean the same? 794: Well I yeah that's about the same thing Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Proud or glad either one is the same thing. Means the same thing. Interviewer: And if someone had done you a favor you might tell them thank you I'm much 794: I appreciate it. Interviewer: Or I'm much 794: Much obliged to you. Interviewer: And when a friend of yours says good morning, what might you ask him then? 794: How you this morning? Interviewer: What about when you're introduced to a stranger? What would you say? 794: Well I'm glad to meet you or pleased to meet you or it's a pleasure to meet you. Interviewer: Anything you'd ask him? 794: Well uh I can't think right now. {NS} But uh {NS}{C: microphone feedback} Be glad to see you again, I hope to see you again. And uh ask him to come to see me. Interviewer: And say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up, you'd say he had the 794: Vomited up. Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? 794: Belched it up. Interviewer: Does that mean the same? 794: Same thing yeah. Interviewer: Any crude way of saying that? 794: Yeah yeah Puked it up. Interviewer: That sounds pretty bad? 794: Yeah puked I it up yeah. Interviewer: If a person vomited you'd say he was sick 794: Yeah he's sick enough to vomit. Interviewer: He's sick where? 794: In his stomach. Interviewer: And say if a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl, he kept on going over to her house like he was seriously interested in her, you'd say he was 794: Going to see her very often he was awful fond of her. Interviewer: What did people used to say? 794: Well he must uh love her. Interviewer: Do you ever say he's #1 # 794: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 794: #2 # Interviewer: sparking her or courting her 794: Sparking Sparking uh pretty close Interviewer: Is sparking very serious? 794: Well uh In a way it is in a way it isn't. {NW} Interviewer: What do you mean? 794: {NW} If they's sparking and they really think a lot of of each other why that gets kind of serious you see. Interviewer: A-huh. {NS} He would be called her He's her what? 794: Sweetheart. Interviewer: And she's his? 794: Sweetheart or honey. Interviewer: And if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar, his little #1 brother # 794: #2 oh he's # been kissing a girl. Interviewer: Any old fashion way of saying that? 794: Uh kissing sma- yeah smacking Interviewer: A-huh. 794: He's been a smacking the girls. {NW} Interviewer: And if she quit letting him come over to see her you'd say she 794: She's quit him or found her another fella. Interviewer: What did um he ask her to marry him but she 794: Well uh sometimes she denies him, sometimes she accepts the question. Interviewer: They were engaged and all of a sudden she 794: Sh- she decided she wouldn't marry. and br- and broke the engagement. Interviewer: But if she didn't break the engagement they went ahead and got 794: Went ahead and got married. Interviewer: Any joking ways of saying got married? 794: Well uh {NW} Yes taken up. {NS} Interviewer: That means the #1 same as getting married? # 794: #2 Yeah yeah they'd # Taken up. Together. Interviewer: And at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called the {NS} 794: Uh {NS} I know what that is but I can't think of it now. Interviewer: Well what are the different people that they'd have at a wedding? Besides the bride and the groom. 794: The bride and the groom and the uh waiters, they call in the old time is the waiters. But they call them something else now but I can't think of what that is. Interviewer: Would 794: That was uh oh a boy and a girl you see a man and a woman that's out on the floor with 'em. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: They called them the waiters in the old old time but I don't know what they can't think of what they call them now. Interviewer: Do you remember long time ago if people would get married that night other people would come around their house and 794: Serenade 'em. Interviewer: What would they do when they serenade them? 794: Well sometimes they ride the the boy the man on a rail Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Yeah. Ride him on a rail. Take him out and ride him on a rail what uh something like a fence rail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Was it all just in fun? 794: Yeah and then some of them that they'd uh they'd treat them nice they'd just play music you know and course they'd invite them in and make coffee or probably give 'em some cake. Cake and coffee or or tea or ice cream or something thataway. Interviewer: When young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you'd call that a 794: Move down on the floor? Interviewer: Yeah it's just if there's music and 794: Oh a uh get out on for that dancing Interviewer: A-huh 794: Call that dancing. Interviewer: What would you call a dance that you'd have at home? 794: Well uh you'd call that a dancing or or a party, you'd call it a party. Interviewer: And if children get out of school at four o'clock, you'd say at four o'clock school 794: School's out. Interviewer: And after vacation, children would ask when does school 794: When the school's out they're they they have a vacation or they or they uh glad that school is out. Interviewer: And after vacation, school was When they had to go back to school 794: Oh. School would take in or or uh oh um Start school again. Interviewer: And you'd say four o'clock in the afternoon is when school 794: When school's out. Interviewer: And after high school you go on to 794: College. Interviewer: And you go to school to get a 794: Education. Interviewer: And if a child left home to go to school and didn't show up that day, you'd say he 794: He's missing or. Or he's uh playing hooky. Interviewer: A-huh. Would you still say playing hooky if they were in college when they did it? {NS} 794: Well he laying out of school. Interviewer: A-huh. After kindergarten, you go into the {NS} {C: microphone feedback} Which grade or class do you go into after? 794: You go in the uh first first grade after kindergarten. Interviewer: Did they used to call it the first grade when you were in school? 794: Well they called it the primer. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Called the primer. Interviewer: Years ago children sat on benches, but now they all sit at 794: Let's see I didn't get Interviewer: Years ago children would sit on benches 794: Oh Interviewer: But now they #1 sit at # 794: #2 Sit # Sit in seats they have uh regular seats where they sit in. Interviewer: Or has a top to it and everything? You call it a What would you call something like this? 794: A desk. Interviewer: A-huh. And if you were talking about several of those you'd talk about several 794: Several desks or several Interviewer: And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 794: To the library. Interviewer: And you'd mail a package at the 794: Post office. Interviewer: And you'd stay overnight in a strange town at a 794: Hotel. Interviewer: And you'd see a play or a movie at a 794: At a picture show. Interviewer: What's another name for that? 794: Movies. Interviewer: A-huh. What building do you go to? 794: To the uh well it'd be the movie building building of the movie or the building of the picture show either one. Interviewer: And if you had to have an operation, you'd have to go into the 794: Hospital. Interviewer: And the woman who'd look after you would be the 794: The nurse. Interviewer: And you'd catch a train at the? You would catch a train? 794: Catch a train at the station. Interviewer: Or you could call that the rail? 794: Railroad. Interviewer: Huh. 794: Railroad. What you {X} it well it'd be at the railroad but it'd be the railroad station Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See the station oh uh which town is in you see they oh well it'd be the L and A like the L and A depot {NS} {NS} {C: microphone feedback} Interviewer: A-huh. 794: But the L and A depot at Minden or some other station at some other town that way Interviewer: The open place in town around the court house is called the? 794: Well uh around the courthouse is mostly the open place and and mostly business places in town besides uh shopping you see or any kind of stores you shop at drug store or dry good store grocery store or hardware store or any kind thataway. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You shop and you do but uh the most important place is uh is the post office. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Fact is more people goes to the post office that is regular than they do to the courthouse. Interviewer: A-huh. What you know sometimes there'll be grass that grows around the courthouse. The green? Place and you'd call that the 794: Well that's uh call that the sidewalks. And and the yard the courthouse yard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course they usually didn't put grass in you see. Well but they put grass in it now and they mow it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And and they mow the sidewalks too. Interviewer: They didn't used to have grass in it? 794: No, didn't have grass just dirt. They'd sweep 'em. Take a broom and sweep 'em. And uh people out in the country. They'd go down on the branch somewhere where there were these here switch canes make 'em a broom out of that or go out in the woods and get 'em a huckleberry bush or a dogwood bush small dogwood bush and make 'em brooms out of that. And wh- to sweep their house they'd go on a broomsedge patch. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Get some broomsedge to make 'em a broom out to sweep the house with and and if they wanted a little broom to sweep the store out get the ashes out why they'd get a little uh broomsedge. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Brooms just we like I have out yonder at that little house. Interviewer: {NW} Say if you'd bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and he 794: He make a bill of it. Interviewer: Or like meat, he took out the paper some some of that white paper and he 794: Put the meat on that white paper and and cut it Interviewer: #1 A-huh # 794: #2 put it up # Interviewer: #1 and then # 794: #2 slice it # Interviewer: And then took to cover the meat up you'd say he took out the paper and he 794: He cover it he he wrap it. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: He'd wrap the meat up. Interviewer: He took the meat and he 794: Yeah and he take it and he'd wrap it up. Interviewer: A-huh. If he'd done that, you'd say he 794: He's already wrapped it. Interviewer: And you'd say when I got home with it I 794: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: And if you had to sell something for two dollars that you'd paid three dollars for, you'd be selling it 794: Cheaper. Or that uh less money than I paid for it. Interviewer: A-huh you'd be selling it at a wouldn't be at a profit it'd be 794: No i- i- i- it'll lose loss Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Selling it at a loss. Interviewer: And if you like something but don't have enough money for it, you'd say well I like it but it 794: It's a little too high or I don't have enough money to pay for it. Interviewer: If you wanted to know the price you'd ask someone how much does it 794: Does it come to. Or what price would you put it down to? Interviewer: Or how much does it what? 794: Cost. Interviewer: And you'd say I'd buy it except that it what too much? 794: It's worth too much. I'd buy it your price is too high or or I'd buy it or worth too much Interviewer: And on the first of the month the bill is 794: Bill is due. Interviewer: And if you belong to a club you have to pay your 794: Your fees. Interviewer: Or your 794: Well if you belong to a club you'd have to pay your dues. Interviewer: A-huh. If you don't have any money you could go to the bank and try to 794: Borrow money. Interviewer: And you'd say back in the thirties, money was 794: Scarce was. Hard to get. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of tight money? Did you ever hear it called? 794: Yeah. I've heard that money was tight that means money's scarce you see. Interviewer: And when you buy something or pay your bills some store keepers will give you a little present and you call that 794: Well he'd call it in a way he'd call it a gift or a or call give you a little present or or call it a kickback on something well that'd be though if he's cutting the price that'd be a kickback on it Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called lagniappe? 794: Which? Interviewer: Lagniappe? 794: I don't believe I have. Interviewer: And if you had a piece of furniture in the corner and it wasn't square in the corner, there was a space it's kinda diagonal so that there's a space between the back of the furniture and the corner you'd say the furniture was sitting 794: Well it it isn't square it isn't sufficient to to fit the corner. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Not sufficient to fit the corner it it uh the corner's square while this has to be this is a little angling to angling to have to be cut square. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: If you generally have to take a square and square it up to make it fit. Interviewer: Do you ever say you have something sitting um kitty-cornered or catty-wampus or 794: Yeah kinda catty-cornered catty-wampus yeah word's that too Interviewer: What if you were walking say someone's yard was like this and you're supposed to walk on the sidewalk around it but instead of doing that you cut across their yard like this 794: Cross the corner. {NS} Interviewer: Would you call that catty-cornered? 794: Well yeah I'd be kinda catty-cornered. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever say # 794: #2 {X} # Cut across a corner or go catty-cornered. Interviewer: A-huh. Do you ever say antigodlin or 794: Yeah yank it antigodlin yeah now he wouldn't go straight kinda antigodlin like Interviewer: A-huh. Would you say that about the furniture too? In the corner? 794: Well you cu- could say that yeah till like the furniture kinda antigodlin. Interviewer: And before they had buses in town they used to have? 794: Uh wagons and buggies or {X} Interviewer: What would run on tracks that had a wire up above it? 794: Uh telephone. Interviewer: No no something that like a bus only it had tracks They had 'em in 794: Oh uh streetcars Interviewer: Did they have those around here? 794: Well they used to used to have streetcars. And uh And on the railroads they used to have handcars. Interviewer: A-huh. But uh th- they have uh a car now that's uh they work with 'em like you used to a handcar that they're they run by uh uh gas you see Mm-hmm. You tell the bus driver this next corner is where I 794: Where I get off. Interviewer: And if I offer you a choice of two things and ask you which well um you'd say I had a choice of two things and I was gonna do this but then I decided I'd do that. What of this? 794: Get out before it got there? Interviewer: Or say if if there were two things that um say if there was something that you were planning to do you say I I was going to do this but then I decided to do #1 that # 794: #2 decided I'd # i- i- that I'd do this other or I wouldn't do that I decided I'd do this. Interviewer: In what of that? I decided I'd do that 794: Well it's just like some kind of work it uh started to do and I and I decide I'd do it different or do something some other kind of work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Like you're getting out of looking for a job. that uh it just couldn't find a work for the kind of job you was looking for I'd say well I'll hunt another job. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or a different kind of a job different kind of work. Interviewer: And if you want someone to go with you somewhere, you might say I won't go 794: To come and go with me or to go with me Interviewer: Or 794: Such and such a place #1 or # Interviewer: #2 a-huh # 794: somewhere. Interviewer: And you'd say um 794: I want you to go with me to Winfield. Or Alexandria. Interviewer: And you'd say I'm not gonna go what you go too? 794: I'm not a going unle- unless you go #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 A-huh. # And if someone asks you to go somewhere and you're not sure you want to, you might say I don't know 794: Whether I wanna go or not. Interviewer: And in um Winn parish, Winfield is the 794: Is the closest place for to go for to do shopping. Interviewer: Or Winfield is the what of #1 Winn # 794: #2 the near- the nearest place # or most important place to go. Interviewer: Or Winfield is where you have the courthouse and everything? You'd say it's the 794: It's the nearest. Interviewer: Well would you call that the parish seat or the county capital or what would you call that? 794: Well uh it'd be the town capital I suppose. Interviewer: It'd be the what? 794: Town capital. uh the courthouse you see it'd be the uh. Let me see how that is. Interviewer: In each parish you know there's one one city where the courthouse is and where all the business of that parish is conducted. You know where the judges #1 and everybody is. # 794: #2 Yeah. # #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You'd say # 794: At at the courthouse. Interviewer: A-huh. And so that city is called the? 794: Well the city you see it'd be called Winfield. #1 The city # Interviewer: #2 A-huh. # 794: But uh the courthouse that'd be the the courthouse and and and in the town Winfield the city of Winfield. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: See. Interviewer: And if you were a postmaster, you would be working for the federal 794: Federal government. Interviewer: And the police in town are supposed to maintain 794: Well uh they supposed to maintain uh well it'd be correction in a way and in another it'd be the law. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But talking about order too. You'd say he's supposed to maintain? Law 794: Law. Supposed to maintain law. Interviewer: But talking about order. 794: Order or court orders. Interviewer: A-huh. He's supposed to maintain #1 Law # 794: #2 maintain the # The the laws and and you're supposed to uh accept the court or- orders. Interviewer: A-huh. Do you ever hear the expression law and order? 794: Is which? Interviewer: Law and order? 794: Law and a where? Interviewer: Law and order. 794: I don't believe. Interviewer: And the fight between the north and the south was called the? Back about a hundred years ago. The north and the south were fighting. And they called that the 794: The center. The ce- oh let's see. Interviewer: It's the confederates fighting the Yankees. They called that the? 794: I believe you got me on that. Interviewer: Do you know what, it was a big fight? It was between the north and the #1 south. # 794: #2 and the south yeah. # Well. If there's a big fight between the north and the south if uh the north was to whoop the south the south would have to give over to the north you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Well that, that happened about a hundred years ago. 794: Yeah yeah that's right. Interviewer: What did they call that? 794: I believe it was a Federal War I believe. Interviewer: A-huh. And Hmm? 794: Federal War and then there was another Civil War. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Civil War and a Federal War. Interviewer: Were those the same? 794: Well uh no I think it I think that's two different wars. The uh Civil War I believe that was the first war. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That they ever had. That'd be back before the Federal {NS} War I'm not for sure. I haven't read any in so long I used to be read up on all these things but I haven't read any in so long so I've forgotten. #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Before they had the electric chair, murderers would be 794: Before they'd have the elections? Interviewer: No before they had electric chairs 794: Oh electric chair oh I uh what they call the gallows, they'd hang them. Interviewer: A-huh. #1 you'd say # 794: #2 they'd hang 'em and # choke 'em to dead they They they'd hang 'em and uh carry 'em to the gallows. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And and hang 'em. Interviewer: You'd say they took that man out and they 794: Choked him to death, broke his neck or choked him to death. Interviewer: Or putting the rope #1 around his # 794: #2 putting the rope around his # neck. And they pull a trigger Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Put put him on a platform or something he's standing on that and uh the sheriff's supposed to do that but some sheriffs hates to do it so bad they won't do it they'll hire somebody pay somebody a big prize to do it save them having to do it. So they'll pull that trigger and that'll fall out from under him and then they hang. {X} {C: microphone feedback} Some of 'em it breaks #1 their neck and some it don't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} 794: and some it just stays there and chokes to death. Interviewer: Mm. 794: But that's a terrible death. Interviewer: #1 Have you ever seen # 794: #2 But now they # they they don't hang 'em thataway they they put 'em on electric chair. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: And and turn the electricity on 'em. {NS} Kill 'em thataway. In the I I never did see 'em one electrocute but I've heard i- i- it'll just like fog gets right on you and burns the hair off of your head. Interviewer: Mm. 794: Just just sets you afire in here. And and just shakes you so shakes you and burns you together 'til you die. Interviewer: A-huh. Talking about hanging, you'd say they took that man out and they 794: They put the rope around his neck Interviewer: And they 794: They yeah put er they hung him with a rope. Tied a rope around his neck. and uh they they'll tie a certain knot you see to where it'll it'll slip and it choke him to death. Interviewer: A-huh. And if when that had been done you'd say this man had been 794: Well he he's uh the man has been uh Interviewer: They'd done what to him? He'd been 794: Hung clear. Interviewer: A-huh. Or, criminals used to be, they didn't used to be electrocuted, they used to be 794: Uh what they well they'd hang 'em used to hang 'em Interviewer: So that they criminals used to be 794: Hung. Interviewer: And the biggest city in the country is in? 794: The biggest city in the country? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Well um. Interviewer: What's a big city up north? 794: I believe Washington is a is a biggest city. Interviewer: What's another one? 794: And uh Baton Rouge. Interviewer: What about New? 794: New Orleans. Now New Orleans is a big city I don't know a whole lot New Orleans is a larger city than Baton Rouge is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What's a big city up north of here? In another state? Did you ever hear of New? 794: I don't believe I know now. What what's the largest city way up north Interviewer: What are some of the cities up north that you've heard of? 794: Well about the largest city course it's it's it's north but it's not so far it's in Arkansas El Dorado is about the ar- uh largest uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: City that I know of thataway now there's El Dorado and there's Smackover. That's uh that's a large city. Interviewer: What state is Baltimore in? 794: I don't believe I remember. Interviewer: What about Boston? 794: Boston? Well I suppose it is in Boston I hope. Baltimore is supposed to be in Boston. {NS} Interviewer: Where's Tulsa? 794: Which? Interviewer: Tulsa. 794: Tulsa Oklahoma. Interviewer: And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the What are some of the states in the south? Besides Louisiana and Arkansas. 794: Well uh Alexandria Franklin Interviewer: Or some states 794: Oh the state. I believe you got me there. Interviewer: Well what states does um does Louisiana touch? Where's Houston? 794: Well there's Houston But but Houston that's a town isn't it? Interviewer: A-huh, what state is it in? 794: Texas. Interviewer: And what state is next to Alabama? You remember what state I'm from? 794: Oh uh Georgia? Interviewer: A-huh. Any other states in that area that you've heard of? 794: Let's see Alabama Texas And state of uh state of Mississippi and uh Chicago. Illinois. Interviewer: And Richmond is the capital of what state? 794: I don't believe I know. You kinda got me on some of these far off things I Interviewer: What state is, did you ever hear of Raleigh? What state that's in? 794: Which? Interviewer: Raleigh? 794: Raleigh? No. I don't know what state that's in. Interviewer: What state is Miami in? 794: Miana? Interviewer: Miami. What state do oranges grow in? 794: Uh Florida Interviewer: A-huh. And the state where they get co- a lot of the country music state? Where's the Grand Ole Opry? Do you ever hear of Ten- ? 794: Tennessee. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Tennessee yeah. Interviewer: And the bluegrass state up above that is? 794: Not Kentucky is it? Interviewer: Mm-kay. What's the state up above Arkansas? 794: Um. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Miss- Missour- 794: Uh Missouri? Interviewer: A-huh. What's a big city there? 794: Well yes I've heard of Missouri is that is that joining Arkansas, north of Arkansas Missouri is? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a big city in Missouri? 794: No. Never did. Interviewer: What's a an old city in um South Carolina? 794: Old sea? Interviewer: Old city. #1 In South # 794: #2 Old city in South Carolina? # I declare I don't know. Interviewer: What are some cities in Alabama? 794: Well Mobile. Interviewer: What's the biggest city? 794: I really don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Birm- 794: Broom? Interviewer: Birming- 794: Birmingham Birmingham Alabama yeah I've heard that's the biggest city. Birmingham Alabama. Yeah I've heard of that. Interviewer: What are some cities, what's a city up in the mountains in North Carolina? 794: I don't believe I know. Interviewer: What about a a city in Kentucky? 794: Kentucky? Well I've heard of Kentucky. Kentucky. Tennessee Missouri. Alabama and Mississippi. Arkansas. And uh I believe that's about all. Interviewer: What are some cities in Tennessee that you've heard of? 794: What is which? Interviewer: What are some different cities up in Tennessee that you've 794: I never have heard. Never have heard. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Nash- 794: No. No I never have heard and there's some people way back yonder back when I was about ten years old came from Tennessee. To this country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: But uh I never did uh hear 'em say what what city it that they came from just came from Tennessee they never did tell me. Interviewer: What are some cities in Georgia? 794: Atlanta. Atlanta Georgia. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: I believe that's the only one I ever heard of. Interviewer: And who discovered America? 794: Columbus. Interviewer: And Belfast is in what country? Overseas, it's in What are some countries overseas that you've heard of? 794: I don't believe I can Interviewer: Where, pe- people who celebrate Saint Patrick's Day, what country do they come from? 794: I don't remember. Interviewer: What country is Paris in? 794: Kerosene? Interviewer: Paris. 794: What parish you mean? Interviewer: No what country is Paris? 794: {X} I really don't know. Interviewer: Well what country is Moscow in? 794: I couldn't tell you. See I never did study that you see. And and uh it's it's all it's all new to me you see I don't know anything about it. Never uh never had any uh experience any way of it you know any way to learn about it Interviewer: Has anyone around here um that you know of had to go into the Army? 794: Yes. Interviewer: Where were they sent? 794: Uh to uh France. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Sent to France. I had a brother who went to France. Interviewer: In World War One? 794: World War One, yeah. And I had uh a brother-in-law that went to France. Stayed there for several years. Him and my brother both. And several boy friends and I just missed it seven days. Interviewer: {NW} 794: I quit a good job I was working in an oil field. Working at Pine Island. {NS} Had a good job up there {NS} and uh field manager he told me when I left he said if you don't have to go and serve come back I'll give you the same job back or give you a better one. and said if you do have to go and you you're lucky enough to get back with us come back and I'll do the same thing. Interviewer: #1 Did you # 794: #2 But I never did # go back I wish several times I had but I never did. Came home and went to work in timber. Interviewer: A-huh. What church did you say you were a member of? 794: Corinth. Interviewer: Corinth 794: Corinth Baptist. Interviewer: If two people became members, you'd say last week they 794: Joined the church. Interviewer: And you go to church to pray to 794: Well uh The other church to go to now is Big Creek Church {NS} Zion Church Beulah church here honey take this one too aux: yeah 794: And uh {NS} The Baptist Church at Winfield Interviewer: People go to church to pray to 794: To the Lord. Pray to God you see. Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a 794: Well he preaches a Bible you see preaches uh does the Lord's work. Interviewer: Well he you'd say what he preaches, you'd call that his 794: His sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the 794: The music. Interviewer: And if you really like the music, you'd say the music was just 794: Just fine. Interviewer: #1 Or # 794: #2 Or # Or enjoyed the music. Interviewer: If someone's very very pretty, you'd say the person was 794: Was real pretty or was cute. Interviewer: Or very pretty 794: #1 very pretty # Interviewer: #2 the person was just # 794: person was was was was very pretty. Interviewer: Well a man you'd say would be handsome, a woman would be 794: She'd be uh she'd be pretty. Interviewer: A-huh. 794: Woman would be pretty and man would be handsome. Interviewer: And if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church one Sunday, you'd say church'll be over what we get there? 794: Well church w- we're a little late for church church will be over when we get there. Interviewer: And the enemy of God is called the 794: Satan. oh uh Interviewer: Or the 794: The devil. Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave? 794: Do which? Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get them if they didn't behave? 794: Oh. {NS} If you come get 'em you give 'em a whooping. Interviewer: A-huh. Or you'd say What's gonna get you? 794: Booger man is gonna get you. Interviewer: Is that the same as the devil? 794: Booger man same as the devil yeah. That's what they tell me. Interviewer: A-huh. What did children think, what do people think they see around the graveyard at night? 794: Well uh they think there's uh there's a ghost some people think there's a ghost around the graveyard if you go there at night. Interviewer: Do you believe that? 794: No I don't. Interviewer: What would you call a house that people are scared to go in? 794: Haunted. Interviewer: And you'd tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting 794: Cool. Really cool or chilly. Interviewer: And you'd say I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd what stay here? 794: I'd rather stay here. Interviewer: And if um if someone intensely disliked to go someplace, you'd say he what hated that place? 794: He didn't care to go to that place or hated that place or didn't like that place either one. Interviewer: Would you ever say he purely hated it? plum hated it or? 794: Well er they uh he just really hated that place or or didn't like the didn't like the place Interviewer: And you'd say um it wasn't just a little cold this morning, it was 794: Freezing cold. Interviewer: Or it was 794: Really really cold. Interviewer: And when you were growing up did you say or do you now say ma'am and sir to people? 794: Say ma'am. Interviewer: Or or sir? 794: Sir, well you say ma'am to the t- to the women folks and sir to the men folks. Interviewer: Do you still say that? 794: Yessum. Interviewer: To everybody or 794: Well most everybody now if it's someone that's just long uh probably that I'm with and regular you see just like home folks oh I I don't every time. Interviewer: And when the man was hammering and he hit his thumb what might he say? What exclamations would he have? 794: Well sometimes he says an ugly word. He says damn it Interviewer: A-huh. What would you say if someone told you something that surprised you? What exclamations would you have? 794: Well I wouldn't been expecting it. Interviewer: Would you ever say land's sakes or anything liked that? 794: Which? Interviewer: If someone told you something that surprised you, would you ever say land's sakes or anything like that? 794: and the wind this way at and the wind is ceasing. Interviewer: the wind is what? 794: Wind is ceasing #1 you see. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 794: That means quit blowing. aux: That wind is gonna rain. 794: It's uh liable to rain. When the when the wind settles or ceases that that means it stopped. #1 blowing you see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 794: and it turns all warm well that's a a good sign of rain. coming. Interviewer: What do you say if the wind had been weak and it was getting stronger? 794: Well uh the wind has been weak or been low but now it's getting higher or getting stronger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} And #1 a wind from this # 794: #2 and get # Getting stouter or either one. Interviewer: A wind from this direction 794: From the south. A wind from the south gets stronger. Interviewer: If a wind's halfway between the south and east, you call it a? 794: A southeast wind. Interviewer: What 794: Southeast wind Interviewer: What if it's south and west? 794: Southwest wind, the wind from southwest. Interviewer: And north and west? 794: Uh well that they'd be the same thing uh from the wind from northwest Interviewer: And north and east? 794: Uh wind from north east northeast northeast southeast southwest or or southeast #1 either one you see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # You'd say all night long the wind 794: Had been a blowing from the southeast. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you go in and if you'd had some clothes hanging on the line and you go out and see them knocked down you'd say well the wind must've 794: Blew my clothes down, clothesline down. Interviewer: Cause all night long the wind 794: wind's been a blowing. Interviewer: Or it did what? It 794: It gets rough. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Wind gets rough. Interviewer: And you'd say the wind what those clothes off? 794: The wind has blowed the clothes off of the line. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Course either way you see a north wind, a south wind, a east a west either one a northeast southeast ever which it may be they blow it off just the same. And sometimes you have it propped up you see and it'll blow it over to one way and your prop will fall. #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 794: out from under it. Interviewer: Have you had bad winds around here? 794: Oh yeah we've had bad winds we had a bad wind here this year here about two or three m- bout two months back blowed uh trees down blowed up a big wild plum tree down this side of {X} and and uh broke uh blowed a big uh cedar tree down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: across the flower yard down where you see those yellow flowers blowed across there blowed the top out of a mulberry tree down in here in my garden fell right side of the fence didn't fall on it broke the top out of a a double top persimmon tree out here blowed my barn. Interviewer: A double top? 794: Yeah {X} forked you see that that that the top of it was forked and it broke if off just right at its fork. Interviewer: Mm. 794: And both both prongs broke off and blowed two uh pine trees down down here across the branch broke them off up about ten eight or ten foot high. Above the ground. Broke 'em off there. Interviewer: Hmm. 794: And I saw them up in the woods. Somebody wood for the stove out there and some wood for the fireplace here. Interviewer: What do you call the the winds that coming out of the Gulf at about two hundred miles an hour? 794: Well that that's generally a strong wind. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Awful strong wind. Interviewer: What are the ones that are named? Like Camille or Betsy? 794: Is which? Interviewer: There's there's one kind of wind that's real strong and it can totally destroy a #1 a city. # 794: #2 Oh that # that's a that's a low wind that's a it's a well you some called it a whirlwind Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 794: But a whirlwind is a wind that goes around and around thataway. But uh uh when a wind is low now that that's really dangerous more dangerous than than a high wind is sometime the high wind will go above the top of the timber and it don't hurt anything and sometimes it breaks the top of the tall trees out but it come down low why it blows buildings away Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And and caves trees up by the roots. Interviewer: Mm. 794: The stump and all. Interviewer: If someone told you something and you were surprised, what might you say? 794: Well I wasn't expecting that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I wasn't expecting it to be thataway. Interviewer: What would you say if you were disgusted with yourself? If you had done something stupid, what would you say? 794: If I was suggesting something like that or or a wind I I I suggested a wind or was expecting a wind that'd #1 be # Interviewer: #2 well # If you had if you had done something that you hadn't meant to do, you realized it was a stupid thing to do, what might you say? Would you ever say shucks or anything like that? 794: Yeah. At times I have. Interviewer: How would you s- 794: Say shucks. Or shaw. Interviewer: And when a, if someone says something shocking, and you sort of resented them saying it, you might say why the very 794: Very idea. Interviewer: And how would you greet someone on December twenty-fifth? You'd tell 'em 794: Well uh I'd be happy to see 'em Interviewer: Well what day is December twenty-fifth? 794: Uh Christmas. Interviewer: So you'd tell 'em 794: It's Christmas Day. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And uh Interviewer: You'd wish him a 794: Wish him a happy Christmas. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say beside Happy Christmas? 794: Good Christmas. Good Christmas or Happy Christmas Or uh Big Christmas. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: I believe that's Interviewer: What do your Christmas cards say on them? We wish you a 794: Wish you a happy Christmas. Interviewer: What about a me- 794: Huh? Interviewer: Do you ever say a mer- 794: Merry Christmas. Wish you a merry Christmas. Interviewer: And on the first of January, you'd say happy 794: New Year. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Wish you a happy new year. Interviewer: Anything else people would say? Did you ever hear people say Christmas gift to each other? 794: Yeah. Many a time Interviewer: How would they say that? 794: Say Christmas gift. Christmas Eve gift, that's the day before Christmas you see. Wish you a Christmas Eve gift or wish you a Christmas gift. Interviewer: Do they #1 expect # 794: #2 that'd be ex- # -pecting a present you see. Interviewer: Would you ever say a, a new year's gift? 794: Yeah. Wish you a new year's gift. Interviewer: Would you have to give 'em something then? 794: Well uh it generally a rule that you do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: You don't say have to but it's generally a rule you know that uh most times they do. Interviewer: And what does a baby do before it's able to walk? 794: Crawls. Interviewer: And a game that children play where one child will be it and the others will hide 794: Hide and seek Interviewer: What do you call the tree you can touch and be safe? 794: Is which? Interviewer: When you're playing hide and seek, you run toward #1 the # 794: #2 behind # Behind the tree from Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Ever who it is you see you're playing with you hide behi- run hide behind the trees Interviewer: And then you run in and touch the they'll be 794: Well uh they want it'll uh they'll run and catch you you see if they see you Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: They they they'll someone will run and catch you. But uh sometimes you hide in a place they can't find you. Interviewer: Well you, where can you run to and touch and then you'll be safe? 794: Well uh you have a you have a oh kind of a center place Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A place where you're playing you have a center place that you run and touch. Interviewer: And you call that the? 794: {X} Safe then you see you call it home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And in football, you run toward the 794: To the center uh to the center base. Interviewer: Is that in football? 794: Yeah that that's called base you see. Interviewer: And something a child plays with, would be called a? 794: Something a child plays with? Interviewer: Would be a ? 794: Toy. Interviewer: What would you call something that a a toy for a small child or a baby {NS} 794: Well there's so many different things now to be it's hard to to say which it'd be. For they have so many different things for 'em to play with uh Interviewer: Would you ever call it a play pretty? 794: Yeah. Call it a play pretty course that's a different different kind of play pretty you know thataway. Interviewer: What would be a play pretty? 794: Well a doll or uh or a ball Interviewer: You think of a play pretty as something for a small child or could any? 794: Or a little bell. Or uh Interviewer: Would an older child have a play pretty? Or just a small child? 794: Well mostly a small child. When they'd get up larger they'd have a little wagon or some kind of toys you see larger toys. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: To play with. And uh Uh to get large enough to pull a wagon the boys course the little girl didn't play with a wagon as much they'd have dolls to play with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or they'd fix them a play house. But uh the boys generally have wagons to play with. Interviewer: And {NS} you'd say um, if you walked up to the alter and she 794: Walk up to the alter and she kneeled. Interviewer: And if you were Hmm? 794: Kneel and prayed. Interviewer: And if you were tired you might say I think I'll go over to the couch and 794: And rest. Interviewer: And what down? 794: Squat down. Yeah go to the couch and squat down. And rest. Interviewer: Or if you you can sit down or you can 794: Sit down or you can squat down. Interviewer: Or if you 794: uh kneel down. Interviewer: Or if you stretch out on it, you say you 794: Well you you you can you can stretch out or lay down Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Lay down on it. Interviewer: And you'd say, he was really sick, he couldn't even sit up all morning he just what in bed, he just? 794: Just squats down and hunches over. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or talking about him lying in the bed, you'd say all morning he just 794: Well he just uh lays there and just stretches out Interviewer: And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor, you say you 794: Put your foot on the floor? Interviewer: Or if you bring it down heavy. 794: Oh. Hit the floor, stomp the floor. Interviewer: And if you saw a friend walking home alone and you had your car, you'd say can I? 794: Ride, or pick you up. Interviewer: And if a friend needed to go to the doctor and didn't have a car, you'd say well I'd be glad to 794: Be glad to carry you. Interviewer: And to get something to come towards you, you take hold of it and 794: Pull it towards you Interviewer: And the other way is? 794: Push it from you. Interviewer: And if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car, you'd say I picked it up and 794: Well if I had a sack of groceries and didn't have a car? I picked it up and carry it on my shoulder. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say besides carry it? 794: Took it. Interviewer: What if it was something real heavy like you'd say I had to what that suitcase up three flights of stairs? I had to 794: Had to sit it down. On on on the stairs as I went up and rest. Interviewer: Do you ever say I had to tote it or #1 pack it or # 794: #2 tote it yeah have to # Pack it or tote it yeah I've said that too both of 'em Interviewer: What's the difference? 794: Well I don't know there's any difference in packing and toting uh you might say you'd carry it in your hand either way you see. Pack it or tote it either one. You'd be carry it in your hand. Interviewer: And you'd tell a child now that stove is very hot so 794: Don't touch it. Interviewer: #1 and # 794: #2 it'll # It'll burn you. Interviewer: If you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go 794: Get me the hammer. Interviewer: And say if we were planning to meet somewhere, I'd say well you don't need to hurry if I get there first I'll 794: I'll wait for you. Interviewer: And if you were about to punish a child, he might ask you not to punish him, just give him one more 794: One more lick. Interviewer: Or 794: One more uh Interviewer: He would won't do it again if you just give him another 794: Another another lick another strap give him another strap. Interviewer: And someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper you'd say he's got a good sense of 794: he had he had good temper he's uh smooth tempered Interviewer: Or someone who always sees the funny side in things 794: uh do which? Interviewer: Someone who's always um sees the funny side in things always catches onto a joke you'd say he's #1 got a # 794: #2 oh he's just # a joking or Interviewer: He's got a good sense 794: Got a good uh good temper. a d- a good disposition Interviewer: And say if um if you had a man working for you and you didn't and he was messing things up you didn't and he wasn't following your instructions right you'd say you were gonna fire him, he might ask you not to fire him, just give him another 794: Another chance. Interviewer: And you say, we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminating company will will get 794: I don't believe I got that. Interviewer: If you had termites #1 in the house # 794: #2 Oh # Interviewer: you'd say the exterminating company will 794: W- will uh {X} Termite the place #1 you see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And they'll get 794: {NW} Kill kill the termites Interviewer: Or 794: They'll spray it you see. Interviewer: And that'll get 794: That'll that'll get the termites Interviewer: Do you ever say or get shed of 'em #1 or get # 794: #2 get shed of 'em # yeah that'll get shed of 'em Interviewer: and if a child left her pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there, she'd say I bet somebody 794: Somebody got it. You mean the pencil on her desk? Somebody got it. Interviewer: And a child that's always running and telling on other children, you'd call him a 794: Meddlesome. Interviewer: Or he'd be a what? 794: Well he he he'd be a meddlesome or he'd be a always a meddling you see uh telling things on you, on some other child thataway he'd Interviewer: Do you ever call him a tattle 794: Yeah, call him a tattler he'd be be a tattler or uh or be a tattler that's telling things course meddling that'd be uh bothering things you see that you wasn't supposed to be that'd be different Interviewer: Could a grown person be a tattler? 794: Yes. Yes a grown person could be a tattler telling tales you know Interviewer: And If you had a lot of things growing out in your yard and you wanted to brighten up your room, you'd go out and {NS} 794: Turn the uh light on? Interviewer: Or, you wanna, like what you have growing out there that's blooming. You call those...? 794: Something that you're growing out #1 there? # Interviewer: #2 yeah something that blooms. # 794: Blooms oh flowers. Interviewer: And if you wanted to put some flowers in the house you'd go out and 794: You'd break 'em off or trim 'em. Sh- course some takes a knife and trim 'em or pair of scissor and clips them off. Some just breaks 'em off. Interviewer: Uh-huh. So you say you went out and you 794: Gathered 'em. Gathered some flowers. Interviewer: And if you had to get up and start work before the sun was shining, you'd say you had to start work #1 before # 794: #2 Before # daylight. Interviewer: Or before sun 794: Before sun up. Interviewer: And you worked until 794: Sun down. Interviewer: And you'd say this morning I saw the sun 794: Up. Interviewer: I saw it do what? 794: Shining. The sun is shining. Interviewer: Or, at six o'clock this morning the sun 794: Is all was up the sun is a shining Interviewer: #1 it had # 794: #2 {X} # Yeah sun is shining or sun was up. Interviewer: It had done what? 794: Already ca- come up. Interviewer: Or it had, what's another way of saying come up? 794: Come up well that means that means up above uh where you where you can see it Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: well some say up above the timber and some thinks above the ground. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: {NW} Of course they the world is round but the earth is not you see. The earth is not round. Interviewer: What do you mean? 794: But the world is round. Uh uh up in elements. The elements you see uh the world is round. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: In sky and all that's round but the earth is not round. The earth is i- is what they call flat. Course it's not smooth but still it it it's in a way it's flat. The earth is, but the world is round. Interviewer: Does the does the sun travel around the earth or does the earth travel around the sun or what? 794: Well they uh the sun shines around the earth. For you see when it's above it's daylight. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And when it's below, it's dark. And the sun's bounty shines around the earth. What you think about it? Interviewer: Um, are you you're picture the earth is is #1 flat? # 794: #2 The earth # in a way the earth is i- is flat in a way. The uh {NS} but uh for the earth can't be round. uh The top what you mean the top part of the earth Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Or the bottom part of the earth couldn't be couldn't be round. Bound to be flat. Course as far as the earth all the way all way around thisaway why that's that's like going around something #1 Yeah a circle shape # Interviewer: #2 You mean, but it's flat. # 794: But uh it I don't know whether I suppose though that that'd be round. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But not like a ball. 794: Not like a ball, no. It couldn't be square you see. Round thataway down would be round. But the top of the earth is flat. And when the sun goes down when it's dark here it's light you see under it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: That's a pretty hard thing to figure out altogether. {NW} Interviewer: Um if you put some yeast in bread it makes the bread 794: Rise. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say I'm We we set the bread in a warm place and then it 794: I- i- i- i- it rise. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: i- it ris. Interviewer: And you'd say I'm you can the bread has already 794: Done? Interviewer: It's already done what? 794: Already ris- enough or {X} if it's cooked enough it's already done. Interviewer: And if a child learns something new like maybe learned to whistle, and you wanna know where she learned it you'd ask her who 794: Who learned you to whistle? Interviewer: And say you give someone a bracelet and you wanna see how it looks on her, you'd say go ahead and 794: A bracelet. Interviewer: You wanna see how it looks on her. #1 You'd say # 794: #2 Oh # They show me the bracelet. Put it on your arm on your wrist. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Put it on your wrist Interviewer: M-kay. 794: on your wrist. Interviewer: And you'd say I have just what him a letter? I have just 794: I have just uh uh fixed it on my arm Interviewer: Or 794: snapped it on my arm Interviewer: Or talking about, sending someone a letter, you'd say I have just what him a letter? 794: Just sent him a letter or ju- mailed him a letter. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And you say yesterday he what me a letter? 794: Yesterday he mailed me a letter. Interviewer: Or talk you'd take your pen and you'd you'd what him a letter? 794: yeah addressed him a letter you see. Interviewer: Or talking about writing. You'd say 794: Well yeah I wrote him a letter. Interviewer: And he's already 794: He's already answered it. Interviewer: Or he's already what me a letter? 794: {X} Uh he wrote me a letter. Or I wrote him a letter and he's already answered my letter. Interviewer: And so tomorrow I'm gonna 794: Write him, answer his letter. Interviewer: And you'd say I wrote him and this time I was getting a 794: Getting an answer. Interviewer: And you put the letter in the envelope and you take out your pen and you 794: You address it. Interviewer: Any old fashion way of saying address it? Do you ever hear backed the letter? 794: Yeah. I backed a letter to him. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 794: Yeah that though that's the old fashioned way I backed a letter to him. {NS} Interviewer: And you'd say I was gonna write him but I didn't know his 794: Address. Interviewer: And you'd say you can't get food there because the highway department had their machines in earlier and now the road's all 794: Stopped up. Interviewer: Or talking about them tearing it up, you'd say the road's all 794: Oh well uh it's torn up or uh unpassable. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And say if we were just sitting here and no, neither one of us was saying anything. And all of a sudden I asked you what you said, you might say well I didn't say 794: I didn't say anything. Interviewer: And I'd say, oh I thought you said 794: Said something or so-and-so you know, whatever. Interviewer: And, you'd say that wasn't by accident, he did that 794: A purpose. Interviewer: And he moved here in nineteen sixty, and he's lived here ever 794: Ever since. Interviewer: And Jesus said, I am with you 794: Forever and return. Interviewer: And you'd say she what him with a big knife? She She took a big knife and she 794: Stabbed him. Interviewer: And if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery you could take pully blocks and a rope and 794: And uh pull it up. Oh uh a block and a line or a winch. Interviewer: Do you ever say hoisted or heisted up? 794: Yeah. Had heisted up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: But that, what you call {D: hoistening} up, that'd take uh something and prop it just like there's a pole right here and you take another pole and put all this and tie it to whatever this was and you'd have this end of the pole longer and you'd pry down on it. And you pick that up. #1 That's what you # Interviewer: #2 So like a # a lever? 794: Yeah. Yeah you pry that's what they can {D: pryzing, pryzing} up. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: A {D: pryse} pole. Interviewer: Is that the same as heisting? 794: Well not all together. For there's different ways to heist it you see. Uh you can take a a block and line see you can heist it the same as you can with a pole thataway. Or or windlass, you can take a windlass and and raise it up heist it up either one Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time, but your bad luck comes all 794: All at once. Interviewer: And if you went into town two times a week, you'd say you went to town 794: Twiced. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Twiced. Twiced a week. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you'd say I'm, today is Saturday, so Friday was Friday was when? 794: Well some calls Friday the last day of the week. Interviewer: Or Friday isn't today, Friday was 794: Friday is was today. And tomorrow is Saturday. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: He'll have to go to town tomorrow. Interviewer: And if today's Friday, then Thursday was 794: Was yesterday. Interviewer: And if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday but a week earlier than that 794: Sunday before last. Interviewer: What if he's gonna leave, not next Sunday but a week 794: Week after. Interviewer: Or, or Sunday. #1 you'd call it # 794: #2 Sunday week. # Interviewer: And if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth, you'd say he stayed about how long? 794: Two weeks. {NS} Interviewer: And, if you wanted to know the time, you'd ask somebody 794: Ask someone how how long they stayed? Interviewer: Or, if you want to know the time? 794: Oh, time the day. Interviewer: You'd ask someone 794: You'd ask someone yeah. Interviewer: What would you ask 'em? 794: What time is it? Interviewer: And you'd look at your? 794: Watch or your Interviewer: And, if it was midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock, you'd say it's 794: Oh it's uh half past uh seven. Interviewer: What if it's fifteen minutes later than that? You'd say it's 794: A quarter 'til uh to seven. Interviewer: And if you'd been doing something for a long time, you'd say I've been doing that for quite a 794: Quite a while. Interviewer: And you'd say nineteen seventy-four was last year, nineteen seventy-five is 794: This year. Interviewer: And if a child's just had his third birthday, you'd say he's How old? 794: His third birthday? Interviewer: #1 He's # 794: #2 Three # three years old. Interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year, you'd say it happened exactly 794: The same time. Interviewer: How long ago? 794: That'd be a year ago. Interviewer: And talking about the weather, you'd look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 794: Clouds. Interviewer: And on a day when the sun is shining and you don't see any clouds, you'd say 794: It's fair. {NS} Fair and the sun's shining. Interviewer: What if it's just the opposite of that? If it's real dark and 794: Well it's cloudy. It's cloudy and uh {NS} {C:microphone feedback} Oh um and the clouds, uh if if if they're solid sm- smooth clouds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And and if it's low the clouds just way up high it's not much sign of a rain but if they're now settling low Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: That's sign of a rain. Interviewer: If, go back to the fair day. What's another way of saying it's, what if it's a, a r- just a perfect day, you'd say it's a 794: Pretty fair weather. Or uh sun shining weather. Interviewer: Do you ever say it's a 794: Are the clouds this uh Interviewer: What about it's a beau- 794: Beautiful. Beautiful weather. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If the clouds were getting thicker, and you think you're gonna have some rain or something in a little while you'd say the weather is doing what? 794: Is getting cloudy. Or getting heavy. Interviewer: Do you ever say it's threatening or gathering or changing? 794: Yeah gathering, like gathering corn. Or gathering peas or gathering tomatoes. Interviewer: What about the weather? Would you ever say the weather is gathering or #1 threatening? # 794: #2 Oh # Threatening yeah the weather i- the clouds is a gathering up {NS} the rain or a threatening to rain. Interviewer: And if the clouds pull away and the sun comes out, you'd say it looks like it's finally gonna 794: Pass over. Interviewer: And the weather's finally going to 794: Finally going to oh uh going away go fairer up in and it not gonna rain. Interviewer: And if not rain comes for weeks and weeks, you say that you're having a 794: Dry spell. Interviewer: What if it goes on like that for a couple of months? You'd call it a 794: Oh a real dry weather. Hot dry weather. Interviewer: #1 Any other name # 794: #2 a- a- and miserable. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: Miserable weather. Interviewer: Any other named for a dry spell? 794: Well just uh dry spell or a hot dry spell Interviewer: What about a drought or #1 {X} # 794: #2 A drought. # Uh yeah a drought. It it's a drought. It it dry a long dry spell is called a drought. Interviewer: How long does it have to be dry before it's a drought? 794: Well it has to be for for a good while, for several weeks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: To be a drought. Interviewer: And 794: Several days is not a drought that's just a kind of a dry weather like But for several weeks is a drought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you meet someone during the early part of the day, what do you say as a greeting? You'd tell him 794: Good morning. Interviewer: How long does morning last? 794: 'til twelve o'clock. Interviewer: And then what? 794: Evening. Interviewer: Is there another name for evening? 794: Afternoon. Interviewer: How long does that last? 794: Well afternoon lasts just on up 'til dark. Interviewer: So in the evening 794: In the evening yeah see. the afternoon lasts just up 'til you might say dark. Interviewer: #1 and then # 794: #2 and then then it's night # Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you were leaving someone at about eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything if you were leaving them? 794: Well uh I'm leaving in the morning part of the day before noon. Interviewer: Would you ever tell 'em good day? 794: Yeah good day good tell 'em good day or good bye. Interviewer: When do you say good day? When you leave them or when you first see 'em? 794: Uh uh when you leave 'em. Interviewer: #1 is it # 794: #2 good # good day. And and when you first meet 'em why it's howdy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: {NW} Interviewer: Do you say good day any time during the day or is it just in the morning or what? 794: Yeah well uh most any time of day and you meet him you say howdy Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: And now if it's a morning part you say good morning. And if it's uh afternoon after noon you say good evening Interviewer: What if you're leaving someone's house after dark you'd tell him 794: Goodnight. Interviewer: Do you ever say good night when you first see him? 794: No. Interviewer: And now could you start counting slowly? 794: This which? Interviewer: Now would you start counting, slowly. Up to fifteen. 794: Start to counting, well what? Interviewer: Yeah start counting up to fifteen. 794: Fifteen? Well, you'd start at one you see. Interviewer: Well, go on go on and do it. 794: Yeah. Y- you'd start at one. two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen. Interviewer: And the number after nineteen? 794: Be twenty. Interviewer: And twenty-six? 794: After twenty-six be twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine? 794: Thirty. Interviewer: And after thirty-nine? 794: Thirty-nine forty. Interviewer: And after sixty-nine? 794: Seventy. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine? 794: A hundred. Interviewer: And nine hundred ninety-nine? 794: A thousand. Interviewer: And ten times a hundred thousand? is one 794: Million. Interviewer: And if there's some people standing in line, the person at the head of the line is the? What person in line? 794: Is the is the head leader. Interviewer: Or he's not the last, he's the 794: Not the last he's the uh Interviewer: If he's the number one person in line, he's not the last person in line 794: No he's the first. Interviewer: And behind him is the 794: The second. Interviewer: And keep going. 794: Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Eleventh. Twelfth. Interviewer: And now can you name the months of the year? 794: January. {NS} February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. December. Interviewer: And the days of the week? 794: Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. Sunday. Interviewer: What does sabbath mean? 794: Oh well uh that's Sunday. Sunday that's that uh the day you're supposed to go to church. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh of course for to serve the Lord you're supposed to serve the Lord every day. Seven days a week. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Suppose to serve the Lord Monday same as Sunday. {NS} But there some people they go to church and course they sing and they pray and and listen to the preacher preach and all and and they they feel they the love of the Savior more than they do sometimes of a Monday or any other day of the week when they out a working. They gon' have their mind on their work you see whatever they was doing. Interviewer: What would you call a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down? 794: Flood. Interviewer: Anything else you could call it? 794: Well uh Interviewer: You'd say we had a real 794: Real flood or real large rain or real hard rain. Interviewer: #1 Do you ever hear # 794: #2 Uh overflow. # Interviewer: Huh? 794: A overflow now now that's hard rain that's in low land you see overflows is. But Interviewer: What about a cloud burst or pour down or 794: Pouring down a rain. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 794: They're pouring down, just a just a flood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What if there's thunder and lightning in it? You'd call it a 794: Well uh you'd call it kind of a {NS} Where there's thunder and lightning and wind you'd call it a hurricane. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And uh where it uh blowing down the timber of a house and all you'd call that storm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is there thunder and lightning in 794: Thunder and lightning in uh and a wind a blowing. Interviewer: What if it's raining but not real hard? You'd call it just a little 794: Just a shower. Shower or a sprinkle. Interviewer: What's the difference? 794: Well a sprinkle and a shower Oh oh oh a shower is a little heavier than a sprinkle. Sprinkle that's just a light. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Light rain you see and small drops of rain. And a shower it's it's a little more thicker rain and heavier, larger drops Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: Than a sprinkle is. Interviewer: What if it lasts a long time? Like maybe all day? Just kind of slow. 794: Well that's a slow steady soaking rain. Interviewer: Do you ever call it a drizzle? 794: Yeah, when it's i- i- i- just showering along or light sprinkle light like a sprinkle that's kind of a drizzle like. Interviewer: How long does a drizzle last? 794: Well sometimes it drizzles for two or three hours, probably half a day. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 794: And sometimes it don't drizzle over thirty minutes. Fifteen to twenty, something like that. Interviewer: What if it's real fine, you can hardly see it. 794: Fine mist. Interviewer: And if you get up in the morning and can't see across the road, you'd call that a? 794: Fog. Interviewer: Huh? 794: Fog. Interviewer: Oh what kind of day would that be? 794: Well it'd be uh uh cloudy uh cloudy day or it'd be uh foggy kind of like smoky. Smokes that you couldn't see very far out from you. that there'd be called a foggy day. Foggy weather.