Interviewer: {X} Tell me about what's your full name? 856C: My full name is Leonard {B} My mother was {B} And Leonard they named me after th- the doctor that delivered me. Doctor Leonard {B} Interviewer: And um where were you born sir #1 sir? # 856C: #2 I was # born seven miles southwest of Huntsville on a farm of eight hundred acre farm of my grandfather's. Up in this two story house. Interviewer: And what's your age now? 856C: I'm aged seventy-three was on the fourteenth day of February. I was born in nineteen oh three. February fourt- Valentine's day. Interviewer: Okay and what's your address here in Huntsville? 856C: My address here is just apartment uh hillside apartment room {B} Huntsville Texas. Interviewer: But this hasn't been your address for very #1 long? # 856C: #2 No # it hasn't. Just for the last two years. I've my just all my life been out on route two {D: by} {B} Huntsville on my farm. I stay alone. Interviewer: The farm you were born on? 856C: Farm I was born on. Yes sir. Interviewer: Now I know you're retired now so what did you do before you retired? 856C: Farmed. I farmed uh had negro labor all my life. I gave em sixty cents a day for working fifty cents a day for labor. And then after about two years I raised it to sixty cents. I was the first man in the country to raise labor. I raised worked them in a cotton field you know. Farmer of cotton. And gave em thirty cents a hundred for picking and sixty cents a day for labor. Interviewer: Yes sir. That that that sounds interesting. What's your religion sir? 856C: Methodist. Interviewer: And the other day when I was here you were telling me about some of the interesting schools you went to around here. Where did you start off school? 856C: I started off school there next to my uncle Gus's store. He later you know he lived {D: above above} from my father you know. A little schoolhouse right up there by the Methodist church. One room school. And I think there was about seven in the class. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Yeah. Pull that. Interviewer: Thank you. Uh that's did that have did that #1 school have a name? # 856C: #2 Mm-hmm. # {NW} No it was called a {D: baron} school. Interviewer: Called a {D: battle} #1 school? # 856C: #2 {D: Battle} school. # Interviewer: How long were you in in school there? 856C: Well I went to school there about two year. And then from there I went to possum walk seven miles from there on horseback every day. And I graduated in nineteen seventeen at that bath high school down in possum walk. Interviewer: Bath high #1 school? # 856C: #2 Bath # high school in possum walk. Interviewer: Is possum walk a a town? 856C: It's a little community. It were a store down there in those days. The schoolhouse and the church. And several families lived there. Fifteen to twenty families lived there. There was a cemetery there and everything. Interviewer: And how old were you when you graduated from there? 856C: I was seventeen. Interviewer: And then you went to? 856C: Went to Sam Houston normal normal here and there is Sam Hous- {NW} university now. But it was normal then. Interviewer: And how long were you there? 856C: I went there two and a half year. And I got mad at my professor cause he gave me a D in that course cause I didn't have a notebook. On dairying you know and farming I knew all about it. Didn't ha- and I didn't have no notebook. And he gave me a D on notebook. I got mad and quit. {X} They did give me a certificate to teach five years school though. Interviewer: That's uh did you ever teach? 856C: Never did teach. Interviewer: What were you going to major in there? 856C: Farming. Interviewer: #1 What was that? # 856C: #2 Agriculture. # Agriculture. Interviewer: And {NW} tell me about your parents. Where were they born? 856C: My my parents was born my mother was going to college here when my father {D: owned a} {B} farm out here where I was born and raised. Married. Married judge {B} daughter. And he lived at Cleveland. So they married and they had three children. Two sisters and myself. Interviewer: #1 They were? # 856C: #2 But # they was he was a roaming kind of man and they had to finally divorce. And they gave me to my uncle Gus. Interviewer: So your m- your mother was born over in Cleveland? 856C: My mother was born in Cleveland. Interviewer: #1 And your? # 856C: #2 Her # father her father was bear hunting district judge. He was a district judge and they called him bear hunting judge Hightower. He was born in Big Thicket over there. He lived in Big Thicket. Interviewer: Yes sir. What's the Big Thicket like? I've never been over #1 there. # 856C: #2 Well the # Big Thicket is just a s- solid sheet of wood for miles. Nobody around at all. So the doctor said that he had tuberculosis so he moved down to Cleveland. Thinking he'd get well. And get moving in the Big Thicket and sure enough he did get well. He didn't have no tuberculosis. Consumption they called it. And he raised I think nineteen children. {X} married four times. His three wives died and his last one he had nine by his last wife and ten by his first three wives. Interviewer: That's a big family. 856C: That's a big family. Interviewer: {NW} And your father was born out here #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Out there on the # {B} farm. Seven miles southwest of Huntsville. Interviewer: Now did your parents ever go to school? 856C: No. They didn't have no good school. They come up here {D: just} college here and went there till they got tired and quit. My father never had no degree from college. Interviewer: But he went to college? 856C: He went to college. They all my my grandfather was well financially fixed. He had eight children. And he wanted to give em all an education but some of em you know how they are. They just don't want no education. They'd rather chase women and roam around you know. So my father happened to be one of those kind. Interviewer: What about your mother? Did she go to school ever? 856C: Yeah she went to Sam Houston normal here. Came from Cleveland up here and boarded here in a boarding house {D: single tier} house. Boarded in the {D: single tier} house for girls. That's where my father met her. Interviewer: Then they got married here. 856C: Yeah they got married. Sh- she came from a large family and then {D: an old} family. My grandfather was a district judge for forty years there. And then my grandfather {B} {D: big man of the} working convicts so they just decided they'd marry you know. But they never did get along. Interviewer: What did your father do? 856C: My father was traveling salesman. Traveling salesman. Interviewer: Where where did he work around? 856C: Well he worked for different companies selling dried goods and stuff like that you know. But he was normally he was a traveling salesman. But he wouldn't stick to no job very long. Interviewer: And what about your mother? 856C: My mother tried to make a home for us all but y- he was a roaming kind of a man you know and he never would settle down. So she had to finally divorce him. And they gave me to my uncle Gus {B} my m- daddy's brother. Interviewer: How old were you then? 856C: I was uh I was about twelve years old when they gave me to him. Interviewer: Tell me about that. About about living with him. 856C: Well I lived there with him until nineteen twenty-three. And I married. I farmed all of that time you know. I farmed with negro labor you know and raised cotton. And he gave me everything I made. He didn't charge me no rent for the land and stuff. He was well financially fixed himself. So I met my wife and we married. She was going to college up here and I was going to college too. So we married in nineteen hundred and twenty-three. We we uh {X} our fiftieth anniversary. {D: Here was our fiftieth anniversary.} Interviewer: Yes sir. That's a that's a nice little picture there of your. 856C: July the twenty-third {X} twenty-third nineteen hundred Now I had uh now you was talking about the slave convicts well he didn't own em now he they was working for the day for him then cause slavery done dispersed. {D: Went that and got the} gun now was uncle Wilson. {X} down there. Well he was they was ex convicts uh ex slaves. Interviewer: Uh uh your uncle Gus? 856C: No they wasn't they was {X} Some of the families they after they'd dismissed slave slavery they just went to roaming hunting jobs you know. But uh I'm from a large family of {B} too my mother {X} {B} {X} they owned fifty slaves out there in that country. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: They worked {X} the lands. Interviewer: Tell me about uh uh how do you have you ever do you like to travel sir? 856C: No sir I don't like traveling. Interviewer: Have you ever done much traveling? 856C: Well right smart and never have neither. I've g- I have never been no place much. Interviewer: #1 Tell me about where. # 856C: #2 I've # been to Oklahoma to see my mother. They live in Oklahoma. My mother and two sisters. They s- my mother is ninety-eighty years old. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Still living. And I've been to Houston. Course I've been to Oklahoma. And that's about far as I've been. I've been right here. Settled down. Interviewer: Uh do you belong to any men's clubs or anything #1 here? # 856C: #2 No sir. # I don't belong uh have had the letters from em. Chamber of commerce and all want me to join em and I never did join. Interviewer: And tell me about uh some of the people you worked with uh when you were when you were farming. 856C: Well I never did work with any of em. Just negro labor all I had you know. And of course I'd make my cotton in nineteen nineteen it rained all year and it made a complete failure. And then I went on to college. And decided I'd get my college degree there. And I'd just about got it to where I got mad cause I didn't bring in my notebook on that cursed dairying. {X} The professor want you to judge a good dairy cow by {D: wet shape cow. Wet shape} you know. There was a head up there and it comes on out here you know {D: its wet shape.} I didn't have no notebook {D: for that effect my stuff} and he gave me a D just cause I didn't bring up a notebook. And I quit. I knew more about farming than he did. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: And dairying. Interviewer: Yes sir. And so you your mother's father you say was district #1 judge? # 856C: #2 District # judge {B} liberty county for forty years. Interviewer: Was he born over in liberty county? 856C: No he wasn't born there. I don't know where he was born at. He uh well I do know where he was born too. He was born out here west of Huntsville. One mile from my grandfather {B} {D: place.} They owned uh they they had fifteen hundred acres {B} {X} And had large bunch of children. And my grandfather was one of those {D: friends of that} family. Interviewer: And what about your uh your grandmother? Your mother's mother. Uh do you #1 did? # 856C: #2 I don't # never did she died when sh- my mother was three years old. I never did remember. Interviewer: So you don't know where she #1 was born? # 856C: #2 No. # I know where she's buried at. She's buried in Cleveland where {D: my} grandpa {B} him and his three wives. His well well his four wives now. The last wife died here about six years ago. He had four wives. Interviewer: Four. 856C: Married four times. Interviewer: What about your father's family? Tell me about #1 your father's family. # 856C: #2 Well my # father's family {NW} had they had uh eight children. And um two girls and six boys. One of the boys was killed accidentally on a deer hunt when a man thought shot him and thought he was a deer walking through the thicket brush brushes {D: genuine} you know. One of my one of my bro- father's brothers was killed accidentally that way. And then the rest of em went to school here. One of em married a lawyer who's uh who's child is county judge here today. Amos {B} He's my first cousin. County judge. Been county judge for twenty years. Interviewer: I didn't know that was your first cousin. 856C: Yeah he's my first cousin. My father's his mother and my father was brother and sister. Interviewer: What uh where do you think your father's parents were born? 856C: Alabama. Interviewer: #1 Both of em are? # 856C: #2 They # came from Alabama in in eighteen um about eighteen sixty. Something like that now. I don't I wouldn't exactly put the date down on it. Interviewer: So were they married when they came to Texas? 856C: They came with a uncle and aunt. They was young children when they came to Texas. The came in the nineteen eighteen forty-seven. That's when they came. They came in eighteen forty-seven to Texas. And he married one of the Randolphs who lived out there daughter. Prominent family. Randolphs was a prominent family. So. Interviewer: So your grandmother was born? 856C: Born out there. She was born out there. And when the {B} moved in when they went to courting and going with one another so he married Natalie {B} {X} {B} my grandfather. {D: Reggie} {B} And then after he married he went into lease contract with the state for convict women. He had eight hundred acres of land. His uncle and aunt had died and left it to him. So he moved to working convict women and about three or four negro men was in the bunch. He g- kept em there a long time 'til nineteen eight. He worked em 'til nineteen eight and then they took em back and had place for em a cell. Interviewer: And tell me about your wife. 856C: My wife was born in Tennessee. Interviewer: And how did how did y'all meet uh did #1 did you? # 856C: #2 Going to # school here. Interviewer: Did she come from Tennessee to sch- to go to school here? 856C: Yeah. She was going to school here but where I met her was a boy told me says bull they called me bull cuz I was a country boy you know {X} tried to bully everybody you know I was a {D: bull and} fighting whip. That's why the country boy {X} want to fight these town boys. They called me says I saw the prettiest girl I ever saw in my life at church last Sunday. Said that you come to church Sunday and I'll show her to you. She'll be back. So I went with him that Sunday. And sure enough he pointed her out too she had a red hat on. {C: crying} And I made a date that Friday night with her and I went with her ever since. {C: crying} Till we till she died. {C: crying} But she never had a date with nobody else nobody but me. {D: Had a standard date.} Interviewer: How old was she when she died? 856C: She was sixty she was seventy-two. Seventy-two years old. Married when she was seventeen. Interviewer: You know it interests me that you lived on the on the farm all your life. 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh do you remember the house that you lived in? 856C: Well it's tore down now but I li- I lived in a log house upstairs. And they phoned for the doctors come deliver me. {C: crying} And then that's where I was born but the house is tore down now. {C: crying} But it was up on the hill on {B} plantation. Not the one I owned there but on my grandfather's plantation. Eight hundred acre {X} he owned. I was born upstairs in a log cabin. Interviewer: Did do you remember what that cabin looked like? 856C: Yeah. I remember the house {X} been just tore down the last twenty years. It was made out of logs and had upstairs to it. Interviewer: So was it one room downstairs and one #1 room upstairs? # 856C: #2 One room # had two room downstairs and one room upstairs. Interviewer: Were they side by side or h- how were they arranged? 856C: They were side by side. The two downstairs. Bedroom and a kitchen. And then the upstairs was another bedroom. Well that's the bedroom I was born in. That upstairs bedroom. Interviewer: Was it like as long as the whole #1 house? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # It was long as the whole thing. Interviewer: Well if uh that interests me I I'm interested in old houses. 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: So if this was if this was the downstairs and these were the two rooms. 856C: Yeah the two rooms. Interviewer: Which one w- was the bedroom and which was the kitchen? 856C: Well this here was the kitchen and this was the bedroom. And then over this bedroom here they had another bedroom. Interviewer: Uh yes sir. All right so this like this? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you call this one the anything different from this one or #1 just? # 856C: #2 No just # upstairs bedroom. Interviewer: Right. 856C: Upstairs bedroom. Interviewer: How'd you get up to those stairs? 856C: I'd walk upstairs. {X} stairway steps leading upstairs. Interviewer: Oh inside? 856C: Yeah inside. Interviewer: But where were they b- between the rooms or where? 856C: Between the rooms. On the porch. It was on the porch and you just walked upstairs from the porch and room Interviewer: Where was the porch? Out here? 856C: Out there. Interviewer: Right there. Was there a porch on this side too? 856C: No. Wasn't no porch on that side. Interviewer: Yes sir. Uh did tell me about that uh that must have been a real old house. 856C: It was. It was a old house. That that's the one they moved {D: in when they hit} Texas in eighteen forty-seven. They moved in that log cabin there. That's the house they lived in until later on my grandfather got in good shape and everything and working convict labor. They had em from about eighteen sixty on and built him a fine white two story home on the hill there. Interviewer: Well this cabin is where you were born. 856C: That cabin is where I was born. Interviewer: Did that porch have a roof on it or or how was it? 856C: Yeah it had a roof on. It had {X} shingles. Wood shingles. Interviewer: So but but you did you did you call it the front porch or just the porch or what? 856C: The front {NW} por- yes we call it the porch. Interviewer: Yes sir. That that is interesting. I I I I like old log cabins #1 like that. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Well I was born in a log cabin. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Upstairs. Interviewer: How'd you heat it? 856C: Well fireplace. Had a fireplace you know. Interviewer: And where was the fireplace? 856C: Fireplace was between the two bedrooms {X} run up on the l- lower bedroom up to the top bedroom {D: on there at the} top of the house. Interviewer: Tell me about that. Wh- how you how you built fires back then. 856C: Well they had the brick you know {D: bricks fill in} circulation for years. The made uh they made a fireplace out of brick. {X} come out uh where the heat did and then on up through the house so it wouldn't catch the house on fire. Well that's the way they bind it with cement and brick. Built the fireplace and you'd put your wood in the fireplace {D: uh in the open place there under the} upstairs and downstairs and you'd have your fire then you know have heat. Interviewer: Tell tell me about that the about the about the fireplace. Uh I mean how how you built the fire. 856C: Build a fire you'd take some wood kindling. Take kindling and wood and start your fire. Pour a little c- coal oil if you wanted to. Get it started fast. Interviewer: So the you used now kindling is that the? 856C: The pine. Little pine. Interviewer: Is that the same thing as light wood? 856C: {NW} Well it's same thing as pine. Interviewer: All right. 856C: Pine wood. But it but it's rich. It it's rich you know. It'll catch flame quick. You've got {X} in it or something I reckon. Kindling {NW} that way. But you'd start your fire in there underneath the in the {NW} fireplace there. And put wood over the top of it cross cross lay it you know where it wouldn't smother out. And directly it'd all get to burning and you'd have a hot room. Interviewer: Did you have anything to hold up your wood with? 856C: Yeah I had {NW} {D: place would put} made out of iron tongs come through. Put your wood on it and if you come on up here in front why it wouldn't fall out and go up that way where all the logs wouldn't wood wouldn't roll off {D: on the fork} Interviewer: So you call those things that held the log the logs up the tongs? 856C: Tongs. Interviewer: I I've never seen those like #1 that. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: That that is interesting. Did well it did you burn a fire a lot of the wintertime or or how #1 how? # 856C: #2 Yeah # burn it all wintertime. Kept it into the night. {X} One thing about it we used to have negroes that on the place and it was p- particularly one old negro every morning at four oh clock he'd come in the house and make fires in in the fireplace. Upstairs and downstairs too. Interviewer: So that kept you warm? 856C: That kept you warm. {X} {B} built a new home two story home. He done the same thing there. Interviewer: Now what was that fireplace like? Did it have a brick part that stuck out in the room in #1 front of it? # 856C: #2 Yeah # stuck out in the room there. So it wouldn't catch none of the fire. Even with a wall they'd all fall {NW} brick would come out even with a wall you know. And then then that would be the hole to put your wood in in the chimney to smoke go out. Interviewer: What'd you call that part that came out in in the in you know what I'm talking about? That brick part that stuck out in the room. 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What was that? # 856C: #2 I don't # know what you'd call it. {X} We just call it the fireplace. Interviewer: Do you ever call it anything like the the hearth or the hearth or anything like that? 856C: No. Interviewer: And did you have a place over it to put things in? 856C: Yeah it had a mantle over it. The clock goes on the mantle uh up over the fireplace. Interviewer: Just like you have? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} Well how did that compare like with uh this house that you live in now? 856C: Well it uh was- wasn't no comparison at all. {X} We we uh we've got central heat here. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Central heat. Interviewer: I'm gonna draw off a little plan of this one place so you can tell me which about this. Uh. 856C: You see here here's open where the heat and w- wind come right there. You either heat it or you either cool it. I've got it on heat now. Interviewer: Did you have heat in your uh in your house you lived in in before you moved? 856C: No. Never had heat. Only the fireplace. Heater. I had a heater before I moved to town. But I didn't have central heat. Interviewer: Well this is sort of a a rough sketch of of this place here. See that's the door over #1 there and then. # 856C: #2 Yeah that's right. # Interviewer: What do you call this room we're in now? 856C: This here's front front room. Front room. Living room. I call this the living room. Interviewer: Yes sir. And what about do you call this anything different over here? 856C: Well that's no just that's breakf- room nook. Nook. Breakfast room. Nook. I reckon. And then that's of course that's the kitchen. And then uh {X} here and here. So you can draw a plan. Now here's a bedroom here. Just now here's a bedroom here and there's a bath here. {C: quiet} And here's my room my bedroom in here. {C: quiet} And here's my bathroom in here. {C: quiet} Interviewer: {X} That's nice. That is nice. So do you call that do you you said that's your #1 what? # 856C: #2 Yeah that's # where me and my wife stayed in that room. Interviewer: So what do you call that that room there? 856C: I call it my room. Interviewer: Now what about that other one do you call it anything? 856C: Company bedroom. When my daughter was here the other day she and her husband you know they slept in that bed there. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. That that this is this is a nice apartment here. How did this compa- kitchen here compare with the one that you had in that log cabin that you lived in when you were a child? 856C: {D: Oh the oh here the difference} wasn't no comparison then. We just had cookstove in there. You burn the wood in the kitchen. And you didn't have no heat other than the cookstove. That's the only heat you had in the kitchen. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. 856C: And had winters there you could look out and everything like that in the kitchen. And had slop pots to put slop in for the hogs. Interviewer: What was that like the what's a slop pot like? 856C: Big can. Big tall can. About this tall. Just pour your slop kitchen Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Dish # washing water in it and things like that. Interviewer: About two feet tall? 856C: About two feet. Interviewer: Big. What was it made out of? 856C: Made out of tin. Made out of tin. Interviewer: And you just poured put all your? 856C: I have a iron pot now that grandpa {D: Biden} had when he was working with convict women. that forty forty gallon pot iron pot he cook wash clothes in it and he'd make a lot of hominy in it and trusty stuff like that. I have one of those pots. Interviewer: Was that does that have a round bottom with #1 legs? # 856C: #2 Round # bottom with legs in it. Three three legs in it. One. Two. Three. Interviewer: And your #1 and you # 856C: #2 You # start your fire under it. {X} Start your fire under it and on the side of it. Interviewer: Would you u- would you build a fire like just like you built for the inside in the fireplace? 856C: Yeah. You'd do a fire just like you'd use for the fireplace. Interviewer: Well you know when you were building those fires in your fireplace did you did you ever have to clean it out? 856C: Oh yeah you'd have to clean out take out the ashes. Interviewer: So you would #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Take em # outdoors and pile em on the trash. Interviewer: And what about this stuff up in do you have a does the chimney ever get stopped up? 856C: No it never did get stopped up. Sometime now they'd wear out and burn out a little bit you know and maybe catch the house on fire. Ours never did do it but where they're well built they won't do it but where they's cheaply put up and everything is dangerous and what setting the house on fire well that fire and smoke going out the top you know. Interviewer: But what is that the what burns up in the chimney that make the fire go out the #1 top? # 856C: #2 Well # {NW} when when you build it out of brick there ain't nothing that burns just soot. Soot and stuff is accumulated layers up from the smoke. Interviewer: And and that's what makes the makes the fire #1 go out? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # That that draft through the chimney {X} air you know pulls it on out the top. Interviewer: Were there any uh factories or anything here when you were a child? 856C: Any what? Interviewer: Any factories. 856C: No wasn't no factory here. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 856C: #2 Only # thing when I was a child was here was the penitentiary system. Interviewer: Well did they have chimneys there? 856C: Oh they they had everything there. Interviewer: Well on a factory if you if if you saw something like the chimney would you call it a chimney on a factory too? Those big? Big uh uh metal things like a factory? 856C: I reckon so. Interviewer: #1 I # 856C: #2 You can # you can distinguish where one built out of a fireplace you know where it w- where it comes out the top of the house you know for four five foot high on the house. So no smoke or no ashes can blow on top of the shingles and stuff. Interviewer: Well what kind of furniture do you have in in that house? What what 856C: Had all s- all kind of furniture. Interviewer: What would you what would that be? 856C: That'd be chairs. Rocking chairs and single chairs I guess. You wouldn't have no couches nothing like that. Interviewer: Would you so you'd call those a couch too? 856C: Call that a couch. Didn't have no couch then. Now I'm talking about now a long time ago. {C: phone ringing} Interviewer: All right. That's interesting. Now you said that this was a a couch? Now do you ever did you ever call the- h- hear these called anything else? 856C: Never have. Interviewer: Anything like a a sofa or? 856C: Well I've heard em called sofas. But I I'd know em as a couch. Interviewer: So anything w- how did would you say something that seats three people maybe or something like #1 that? # 856C: #2 Is a # couch. Interviewer: Um what kind of furniture did you have in your bedroom? At what 856C: You just had a bed and a dresser and um table I mean a table and chairs in there. And then the uh fire had the fireplace with a clock on top of it and that's all you had in the living room. Interviewer: And the dresser. What what was the dresser? 856C: Dresser is what you put clothes in and you use for odd things. Draw- had drawers in it. Interviewer: Did you ever hear those called anything else? 856C: Never have. Interviewer: Well how'd you keep the light out of? 856C: Had curtains. Had curtains to the windows. You'd roll em up and pull em down. Roll em up and pull em down. Interviewer: So they were on rollers? 856C: Yeah they was on rollers. {D: There ain't nothing like that those uh} curtains there now. And I call them curtains but I don't know what's the latest name for em. But um You'd say we drawed them together. But these curtains you had to {NW} sta- start at the bottom and let it catch you know and then it roll u- right on up. Interviewer: And and uh what about uh where'd you keep your hanging up clothes? Did you have a place to keep #1 them? # 856C: #2 Closet. # Had a closet. Put the hanging up clothes. Interviewer: Was that a built in or? 856C: Built in closet. Interviewer: Did you ever see some a piece of furniture maybe that you'd put clothes do you hang clothes in? 856C: I've hear- I've seen a a b- furniture you hang clothes in. I don't know what to call em. There's the name that that they'd call em. That's what I hung my clothes in. Interviewer: What it was a piece of furn- it was #1 movable? # 856C: #2 Piece of # furniture. It had long drawers to it doors to it you know. You open em on bo- both sides. Interviewer: Would you call that something like a a a wardrobe or #1 chifforobe? # 856C: #2 Wardrobe. # Call it a wardrobe. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: That's what you'd call it. Wardrobe. Interviewer: And over the bedroom was there any space over up you know you said there was the first floor and then there was the bedroom abo- over the #1 bedroom. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Was there anything above that? 856C: No it wasn't nothing uh but the second bedroom. That's all that was up there. Interviewer: Anything above the #1 second bedroom? # 856C: #2 N- no # #1 wasn't nothing up there. # Interviewer: #2 Any # storage space #1 or anything? # 856C: #2 N- no # storage space. Interviewer: What about the house that you lived in later on? 856C: Well I I had heater. {D: That} was one I lived in since nineteen forty. That I had heaters for heat. Interviewer: What what did they burn? 856C: They were burning wood. Interviewer: They did? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: What kind of heaters were they? What were they #1 like? # 856C: #2 They was # tin heaters and iron heaters. You know you start your pack your kindling. Start your wood to burn in there. Put a little coal oil on it and it heats heats the room up fast. Interviewer: And so tell me about were there different kinds of those #1 you said? # 856C: #2 Yeah different # kinds. You could get different sizes and different kinds too. Iron and tin heaters. Some of em made out of iron. Some of em made out of heater. But later on now as the years passed on here say for the last twenty years I had butane gas uh heater. Butane heaters you know and gas. I heated uh had uh had me a le- uh a gas cooking stove. Got away from that old wood bin see. {C: knock} Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Come in. Yeah. She cleans up and washes my clothes and everything. Interviewer: Oh she does? Well that's great that she did all that then for you. 856C: Well of course I has to pay her for it you know. Interviewer: But just to have somebody do it for you and not have #1 to do it now. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Now we was on gas stoves now and butane now. And we had a gas cooking stove. We in in other words we go- got away from the wood burning stuff bur- and heating and stuff and went to b- ga- uh butane. Went to gas. Butane. Interviewer: Yes sir. Did you use the butane in the same kind of heater? 856C: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Did? # 856C: #2 Use uh # butane had pipes going to the to the uh stove. It had pipes going to the heaters. Had heaters with cords to em you know you could move em around in the house. Interviewer: {X} 856C: But they had six foot cords to em. And that butane would just {NW} heat those heaters up. {X} Interviewer: Oh yes sir. And that would that would that would heat the house? 856C: Heat the house up. Interviewer: #1 Well when you # 856C: #2 Had # {D: had em in each room.} Had em in each room. Interviewer: When you use those stoves though those wooden heaters that burn wood #1 those # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: w- did you have a different kind in the in the different rooms? 856C: No mostly you wouldn't have em in rooms. You would have em in the in the front room. Bedroom I'd call it. You'd have a large heater in there. But you wouldn't have em in every room. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 But you have # one in a room like #1 this one. # 856C: #2 Have # Interviewer: #1 Would you? # 856C: #2 Yeah # you could have one in a room like this. {NW} We had twenty years ago about twenty-five years ago we started with that butane business. Maybe longer than that. I don't know what year we started burning butane but the theory is that we got away from the wood you know that hard way of making it. Had to cut your wood in the wintertime summertime or winter. And had to pack it into the house you know on the front porch or something and if it's raining you'd just go to your front porch and get some wood and put on the fireplace and stuff. Well that that butane done away with all that see. Just turn on the butane. It's like a match when you you got your fire going. Interviewer: Well when you had those wood heaters would what what kind would you have in in the bathroom say? How would you heat that? 856C: {NW} Bu- wouldn't have no bath heated bathrooms. Interviewer: #1 And would you have? # 856C: #2 You'd have # you wouldn't have no bathroom in uh early days. You bathed in a tub. Interviewer: Oh you did? #1 Tell me about that. # 856C: #2 Was a sink # tub. You know a round tub you see. That's where you put your water in that. You'd heat it on a stove. And get your water hot that way and take a bath in that. Interviewer: Where would you put that? Where would you have the tub? 856C: We'd have the tub in a in a room wherever you gonna take a bath at. We didn't have no bathrooms in those days. Interviewer: And so like #1 would that be? # 856C: #2 We had # closets on the outside of the house you know. Where you could use to go out and pee and dookie and all sorts of stuff {X} Had little wooden closets. Interviewer: Would you ever hear call those closets anything else? 856C: Mm-mm. Only shit houses. Just called em shit houses. Interviewer: And w- in that house you lived in with your wife the first place you lived with your wife where was that? 856C: It was first place I lived with wife was up town here. I w- rented a house where it has convenient things you know. To cook with and everything. And then I'll say twenty-five or thirty years ago I built me a home out there in the country. And we moved out there. Interviewer: So when you built your home in the country did you have a place underneath the roof? A storage place? Up above the above the the ho- rooms of the house? 856C: Had closets. We had closets in each room. Interviewer: Yes sir. 856C: Likely that door there is a closet. You can walk in that closet there and hang clothes and do anything in there. Interviewer: But uh did you have a hole in the ceiling anywhere #1 where you could go up and # 856C: #2 No. # Interviewer: put stuff up #1 above it? # 856C: #2 No sir. # I never had no two story house or nothing. Interviewer: But well I don't mean a two story house but you know if the roof was like this and the ceiling was here did you have a storage place up here? 856C: No sir. Interviewer: Like an attic or #1 a loft? # 856C: #2 No. # We had a attic all right but never kept nothing in it. Just walk up there just to see if anything wrong up there you know with the lights and fire stuff like that. Interviewer: Well when you were a child did they cook in a different place in the wintertime from where they cooked in the summertime? 856C: Yeah. When um {X} same stove when I was a child. Now that's been seventy-three years ago. Interviewer: Well what was that what was that stove like? 856C: It was great big iron stove. Had doors to it you know. It was it co- it cost plenty of money in those days you know. Even considered now. And every well to do family would have a nice cookstove. Interviewer: And so you would you would have #1 what would # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: would it have a a hearth or hearth or anything on it? 856C: No not the cookstove wouldn't. Interviewer: What would? 856C: It wa- it was just on the floor. On the the cookstove. Interviewer: Would you have that thing anywhere though? 856C: No. {X} Interviewer: Did you ever 856C: Just in the kitchens. #1 Cookstove. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Did you ever hear of a hearth or a hearth or #1 anything? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # I've heard of it. Interviewer: What was that? 856C: That uh that's {NW} in the front of a fireplace. Interviewer: What did you call that? 856C: {NW} A hearth. A hearth. What you call it a hearth. Interviewer: And did you ever have a place a little room off the kitchen where you could store canned goods and #1 things like that? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Had a little room. Had closet. Called it a closet. Had a little closet to store canned goods and stuff like that. Interviewer: What about the stuff that you uh uh the s- the stuff that you wanted to like a broken chair or something that you'd that you didn't want to throw away where would you put stuff like that? 856C: Well you'd put in a closet. Put in a closet. Interviewer: Did did you ever hear of having a room for stuff like that? 856C: Well I reckon s- I suppose so. Interviewer: Yes sir. What did you call stuff like that that was just? 856C: Junk. Called it junk. Interviewer: Did you you have any place to put it? 856C: No. Only a room. Put it in a room or closet. If you want to save it. If you didn't you'd just throw it outdoors in the trash pile. Burn it up. Interviewer: How did you keep your house clean then? 856C: We with a broom and a s- a mop and some water. You scrubbed it. Call that scrubbing the house. You scrubbed each floor you know. Interviewer: And then you swept it with a broom? 856C: Swept it with a broo- broom first. Got all the trash and dirt off of it and then mop it with a uh that that big old cotton mop you know. And dipped it in a tub and just scrubbed it. Scrubbed it you know. Interviewer: Would did you ever use a broom outside? Would you? 856C: No. Only sweeping off the front porch. Interviewer: #1 Did you use it # 856C: #2 {NW} # {NW} It wasn't used broom on nothing else. Interviewer: #1 Did you # 856C: #2 Swept. # Interviewer: did you use the same kind of broom on the porch as you did #1 inside? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Same kind of broom. Interviewer: Well now you said that later on your your grandfather was it built the uh a big house big white house #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: How did it what was the uh did it have a porch on there? 856C: Had a porch all the way around it. Interviewer: #1 Did you call it # 856C: #2 Por- # front porch and {X} front porch and {NW} second story too. Interviewer: Call that a porch? 856C: Por- porch. Had a porch all the way around it. Interviewer: Did it have columns or #1 how was it? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # had columns. Had columns out there. Bedrooms upstairs. Same as it did downstairs. And but uh but you'd uh have that porch a- all the way around the house you know. You could just go all the way around the house on the top porch up there. Same way as the bottom porch you know. Interviewer: Did you call it a porch? 856C: Porch. Call it a porch. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called anything else? Like a veranda or gallery or anything like that. 856C: Well I've heard it called gallery. Interviewer: Did you ever call it that? 856C: Well I I was taught to call it a porch. Interviewer: And what kind of outside did it have on it? What kind of what? 856C: It was made out of wood you know and just had {D: covering} all under the the top of the house would be {D: balcony} you know and have a floor there for the for the porch you could walk out of put out chairs out there on it. Do anything you want to. Interviewer: Well the would it wasn't a brick building was you #1 said. It was a wooden. # 856C: #2 No. It was wooden. # Interviewer: So did the boards come one on top of the other like this? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 One on # top of one like that. Interviewer: So the they sort of lap #1 over then? # 856C: #2 Lap over. # Interviewer: What did you call that kind of of of? 856C: I don't know what you'd call that. {NW} I don't know. It'd be a I did know what you'd call it but I don't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Well did you ever hear that called anything like siding or or clapboards or weather boarding #1 anything like that? # 856C: #2 Weather boarding. # I heard it called weather boarding. Interviewer: What about ha- what when the rain came or I guess it hit the roof of #1 the house. # 856C: #2 It it hit # the roof of the house was blowing rain and it blew on the porch. Interviewer: Did it have anything that ran along the edge of the roof to carry the #1 the? # 856C: #2 Water. # had tins tin zinc. Gutters. Call em gutters. They catch the water and let let it go o- one way out or two ways out you know. Interviewer: That would run it off? 856C: Yeah. It run it off. Interviewer: Well did the uh did that house have an ell on it you know? Did it? 856C: No it never had no ell on it. We just had a porch all the way around it. Interviewer: #1 Sounds like. # 856C: #2 Had # four bedrooms upstairs and four bedrooms four four rooms under st- under there. But the kitchen was off the old log cabin right th- right you walk on the gallery to the kitchen where the cookstove was and everything. But this new home we didn't have no cookstove in it. Had a dining room later on a dining room thing like that but we still cooked in the log cabin. Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah? # 856C: #2 In the kitchen. # Interviewer: Well how did you get from the first floor to the second floor in #1 in that? # 856C: #2 Well the # stairs. You'd walk upstairs. {X} As you entered the house you'd {X} stairs would be going on up. You'd walk on upstairs get on the top porch. Interviewer: So it was outside too? 856C: It was on the inside. The porch was on the inside. {X} Walking up to the top uh floor. Interviewer: Oh yes. 856C: And after you'd get there it leads you into all the rooms and stuff and you'd {D: have to} {NW} wanted to go into rooms you didn't want to go in rooms you can go on out to the side and a door opens out onto the porch. Interviewer: Well where did uh where did you keep wood for that house to heat the that house? 856C: We kept wood for that house in on the back gallery. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. 856C: And then the wood uh the log kitchen. Kept wood there too. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of just a little building out the #1 {X} # 856C: #2 We had a # fireplace. We had a fireplace to the big house. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. 856C: Had two. One running upstairs and going from the bottom floor there and then one up here going that way. Interviewer: Oh yeah. Well did did did did did you ever did that house have a little shed or some kind of building out in uh in the back to keep wood in? 856C: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of something like that? 856C: Well I've heard of that. Interviewer: What would you call that? 856C: W- wood house. Call it a wood house. Interviewer: And uh tell me about uh what kind of buildings you w- you have around the house. Other than 856C: You'd have little buildings man on my grandfather place I remember having seeing he worked with convict women you know and he's raised large stuff like lots of potatoes and stuff so he had a in his backyard he had five or six rows of houses built rooms built so he could put potatoes and onions in one and cabbage and stuff in another one. That would save em you know. {X} The later on the cook feed the convicts with it. Interviewer: So that's that's where he kept all #1 that? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Called it storehouses. Interviewer: And you he kept a different vegetable in each #1 one? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Kept well sometimes he'd put two if there's large enough you know to hold em you'd you wouldn't have to pile em on one another you'd put one on one side and then one on the other side in the same room. Interviewer: Well now were the did you have uh uh just a big building out there where they'd store all kinds of things? 856C: Yeah. That's what I'm talking about now. Had a big building with different rooms compartments to it. Interviewer: But what what would the what would you call the building? 856C: They called em storerooms. That's what we called em. Interviewer: For the whole building. 856C: The whole room. Storeroom building. Interviewer: Oh yes sir. 856C: Had em numbered. Had a number one two three four five six seven eight. I think he had eight rooms outside in a line. Interviewer: Were the in one building? 856C: In one building. In one building. Interviewer: So it was just one story tall? 856C: One story. Interviewer: What about uh were there what other kind of buildings would you have on a farm? Out there. 856C: That's all you'd have need to have. Uh uh toilet. Toilet on outside. You didn't have a toilet on the inside like now. Bathrooms stuff like that you know. {D: Had none.} Interviewer: Was just that you'd have that big storehouse? 856C: {X} Had that big storehouse to store everything in. Interviewer: Did you have anything like a a a any kind of barn or anything like that? 856C: Oh yeah. He had a barn down at the lot. Interviewer: #1 Oh was it # 856C: #2 Down at # the lot. Interviewer: what was it like? 856C: It was made out of logs. Had shingles on it. Wood shingles and you store your corn in there your hay in there and all sorts of stuff as that. And then it had a side room you'd hang your saddles and bridles and stuff in there. And then put your buggy. Grandpa {D: Barton} had a bur- buggy you know. That's what you traveled in uh before cars come in would be buggies. Wagons and buggies. Interviewer: So you'd ha- you'd have that too. 856C: Yeah. Have that too. Interviewer: Well where where in the barn would you keep the corn? 856C: Anywhere in the barn. Just drive the wagon up and throw it its top and it's land in on the floor down in there. Interviewer: You you didn't call that area anything special? That little #1 area that? # 856C: #2 That # no. Just in the in the c- corn crib. Called it corn crib. Interviewer: And what about uh where did you what kind of did you grow any kind of grain or anything like that? 856C: Oh yeah uh grai- corn. Grew grew corn #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Any # other kinds of grain? 856C: Sorghum. Interviewer: Where did you store something like that? 856C: You'd store that and you'd bathe it and haul it loose too and put in the top of a building. And in the top of the st- c- corn crib. Had a place up there you know. That the floor would be but right right at the door {NW} {D: you you'd} put corn up there and it'd land down on the bottom floor. But if you gonna put something else up there you'd go up there and stack it you know Keep from coming back on the bottom floor cause it had a whole {X} porch up there to put it on. Interviewer: Up up above the corn crib? In the barn? 856C: In the barn. In the b- c- in the corn crib itself. Interviewer: Right. Did you call that anything? That that area up there. 856C: No. Interviewer: {X} The loft or anything #1 like that? # 856C: #2 We call it a loft. # Call it a loft. Interviewer: What about uh hay did you have any #1 kind of # 856C: #2 Yeah. # had hay. Bale hay and stacked stacked it in a hay house. Call that the hay house. Interviewer: A hay house? 856C: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 What was that like? # 856C: It was a building. Just a ordinary building there. {X} Had a good cover on it so it wouldn't leak you know in the wintertime. And we'd bale the hay in the summertime and stack it in there. Interviewer: Was it did it have a walls around it? #1 {X} # 856C: #2 It had # walls around it and everything. Interviewer: And you stacked it in there? 856C: Stacked it in there. Interviewer: In bales or #1 {X} # 856C: #2 In bales. # Interviewer: Did you ever see a {X} if you got the hay house full of something just see see em stack the hay out in in the open? 856C: Oh yeah. I've seen em stack hay out in the open. Interviewer: How? 856C: It it it uh doesn't ruin it neither. It ruins outside a little bit you know. Makes it {D: dark.} But them cows and horses will eat it you know. And finally get holes in it going to the good part where it hadn't rained you know. Interviewer: Well what do you call something like that? Like when you stack it like that. 856C: Well call it I don't know what you'd call it. Call it I don't know what you'd call #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 Would you # ever call that something like a a haystack or anything like that? Just outside? 856C: Yeah. Call it a haystack. {X} Interviewer: So w- would that be in bales? Like that? Or #1 just? # 856C: #2 No it # wouldn't be in bales. Interviewer: So you you call it a haystack 856C: A haystack. Interviewer: inside or out #1 but it wasn't a difference. # 856C: #2 Outside. # Interviewer: How did you what what made it stay up like that? Piled up like that. 856C: It's w- the weight of its own self piled. You p- pile hay on one another you know and it'll just stay there. Loose or whatnot. Interviewer: So you didn't have to pile #1 {X} # 856C: #2 No you didn't have # {D: to do it.} Now nowadays we do the same thing. They they bale the hay in there in these great big rolls you know and leave it in out in the field. {D: And turn the cows and in the} wintertime they go to em and eat this rolls of hay. And no top on it. Nothing. Interviewer: Did you ever see a covered haystack? Just #1 where the? # 856C: #2 Yeah. # I've seen a covered haystack. Interviewer: Would you how what would that look like? #1 What would that? # 856C: #2 {X} # Call it a h- covered haystack outs- haystack. {D: Big old} {NW} Put up a lot of hay in there you know and build a top on it so it wouldn't rain on the top you know it broke blow in on the sides now. But it wouldn't come down in big sheets on top. And just p- pile throw it in there throw hay in there baled hay even loose hay {X} Interviewer: So did it have uh four poles or what? 856C: Yeah. #1 It had # Interviewer: #2 And then? # 856C: four poles. Interviewer: And then what kind of 856C: {X} some sometimes {X} make a roof out of pine brush tops or either shingles. {D: And it could go either way you want to.} {X} Pine brush top is cheap when you're making a top on shed though. {C: distorted audio} It'll last a good while. Interviewer: Well when they when they when you first cut the hay what did you do with it then? When you first cut it out in the field. 856C: Leave it out there for a few days for it to cure. {NS} And then break it up and haul it there. {C: distorted audio} Bale it or either haul it in. Interviewer: And when you haul it in you mean that was was that not baled? 856C: Not baled. Interviewer: Did you have to haul rake it into piles or anything or? 856C: Yeah you have to rake it into piles and wind rows. #1 Rake it rake em # Interviewer: #2 What are? # 856C: rake it in wind rows. And then take your wagon and go along with pitchforks and throw it load it up. Load it up. Interviewer: That must have been interesting #1 work. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Well what kind of animals did you have around the farm? 856C: You had horses and mules. Cows. You had hogs. You had hogs in the {C: distorted audio} pen you know. You fed them so you could kill em in the wintertime. Have your meat in the wintertime. Pork. Interviewer: Tell me about how you how you where you kept those. About the horses and mules and cows and things. 856C: Well ke- kept the horses and mules in a runaround now en- enclosed in a building where they could go in when it's raining and on the roof you know shed. Call a shed like thing. And they c- wouldn't get wet you know. The wind was blowing hard and cold in the wintertime well they'd get under that roof you know and then inside under the roof is a building you know you put corn and potatoes or s- hay and stuff all in there. And the horses all were around it you know. Keep the wind from hitting on em. Interviewer: So so that would be that'd be where you kept the horses #1 in the winter. # 856C: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: Would did you and you had a runaround? 856C: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Outside? # What would you what kind of fence did you have to #1 to keep # 856C: #2 Had a # wire fence and then a plank fence. Had two different kinds of fences. Interviewer: Well now what were they like? Uh a wire fence and a #1 plank. # 856C: #2 Wire fence # b- barbed you take barbed wire and and stretch it you know and put your post in the ground and then tack it to it staple it to it. {X} Four wire fence and that keeps cattle from going or coming through. Interviewer: What about the the the the plank fence? What was it like? 856C: Plank fence same way. You built about four four plank high plank fence and then had a gate to it and all . Interviewer: What held the planks up? 856C: Posts. Had posts in the ground. Interviewer: And uh what about the cows? What would you have a shelter for them? 856C: W- well most places would but depends on the cattle you have. Now like today you don't have no shelter for cattle. You've got too many cattle. But you h- do have a shelter for putting your hay and stuff in why you can go out there in the pasture in that shelter and throw out hay and feed the cattle. Interviewer: But what about then? Did you have a shelter then? 856C: Yeah I had a shelter then. Interviewer: What did you call that? It was just? 856C: Hay you'd hay it call it the hay barn. {D: Or the} horse and mule barn. What it was. Interviewer: Well can you that's where the cows would live? 856C: That's where they'd c- come to eat. Interviewer: Did they have a #1 did you ever have a # 856C: #2 {X} # Interviewer: shelter for them to get out of the weather under? 856C: N- well most of the time you didn't. But y- m- you milked cows you did. Interviewer: Oh you did? 856C: {D: We had} milk cows now. Interviewer: What w- 856C: You'd have a shelter for them. Interviewer: what was that? 856C: It was it was plank made out of wood {X} crib like thing. Put the cow feet inside the crib you know and then that top and had stall way all the way around it. They could walk around it and get out under the rain and stuff. Interviewer: What c- what covered it? What what was #1 over it? # 856C: #2 Planks. # {X} Shingles. Shingles covered it. Pine shingles. Interviewer: And so what did you call that anything special? Like? 856C: No. Just the cow cow barn. Interviewer: What about the hogs? You said you had hogs. 856C: Yeah you'd feed hogs {D: with a} why you you'd keep three or four hogs in a pen and feed em slop from the kitchen every day. And then you'd feed em little corn too you know and close to wintertime you'd feed em pretty heavy. Get em fat you know so you could kill em and make sausage and and lard and stuff out of em. Interviewer: Well did you say you kept em in the in the pen? 856C: In a pen. Under a tree. Built a little plank fence under a tree where the shade would be. That tree tree would give em shade you know. Interviewer: Is that the only shelter they #1 had? # 856C: #2 Yeah that's # the only shelter they'd have. Interviewer: Well what about uh uh well if you if you said you kept the you had a cow barn for the for the milk cows? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you have a little place to store to fence em in overnight? #1 Just # 856C: #2 Yeah I # had a place you could fence em in overnight. over the day. Either way. Had a lot you put em in and it's all covered with hay and and cow feed in there. Corn {X} where you'd farm and {D: put it heavy} you'd have ca- corn uh chop up to give your cows a little of it. Just {D: take it here and} chop it in two or three places you know and throw it in a trough out there in the lot there And they could eat that h- co- hay corn too. Interviewer: So would you so you call that the the lot where you #1 {X} # 856C: #2 The lot. # Interviewer: where you keep 856C: Cow lot. Interviewer: where you keep the milk cows #1 over there. # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Call that the cow milk lot. Interviewer: Well now in in the milk lot uh what kind of fence was around it? 856C: It had plank fence. Milk lot. Plank fence. Interviewer: And did you have a place like just around the barn where you know where the cows and the mules and and uh horses and animals could walk around? Did you call is that the runaround? 856C: Yeah you'd call that a runaround. Interviewer: And uh what about where you just fed all those animals? 856C: Well you just would have certain places you'd feed. You'd have your horses and mules in one lot. Have your milk cows in another you know. They wouldn't be together. And you'd keep em separated and {X} went out some bad winter days you'd pick out some hay or cut take a axe or a hatchet and cut a ear of corn in two or three chunks you know and put it in the trough there under the shed there where they could eat. Interviewer: Well what w- how did you keep things cool on the farm then? 856C: You didn't keep you'd. Interviewer: Like your milk and things after you'd after you'd milked the cow? 856C: After you'd milked the cows it would be hard. Sometime well to do families would be able to go to town and get a hundred pound block of ice you know every other day or two and bring back and keep it covered up you know and housed up in a little closet they called it. Then put your milk and stuff in there. {X} Ice. But otherwise it'd have to be just a a screen s- s- s- a screen cabinet. Put your crocks of milk in a screen cabinet and close the door on it. Interviewer: What did the screens keep out? 856C: Keep out flies and stuff like that. Interviewer: Well did you ever uh you what kind of farming did you do later on you? 856C: Cotton farm. All I all I've done is cotton farm. Interviewer: Did you ever have milk keep milk cows? 856C: No. I I yeah I've I've had a kept lot but uh I didn't have but two milk cows to milk. I didn't have no shed farm either. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 They run # out in the pasture. They run out in the pasture and they But cow is a funny creature. They'll come up you know ever eat at a certain time. And every morning they want milked and {X} And they'll come back that evening for you to milk em again you know but you feed em a little bit along you know. Interviewer: So you didn't have to ha- keep em sort of fence em off an #1 area or # 856C: #2 No. # Interviewer: pasture or #1 nothing like that? # 856C: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 They they'd # they'd they'd roam anywhere they want to. They'd {C: distorted audio} come back to the cow pen. Call that the cow pen. Interviewer: And and you kept them there when? Just whenever they wanted to be milked overnight or? 856C: {D: Oh well um} overnight {X} want to be milk and fed. Feed em there. Every time they'd come up you'd feed em. Milk em and feed em. And they'd come back every mor- they'd stay in there at night. And you'd go out there next morning at daylight and milk em. Turn em out in the pasture and they'd roam everywhere. And about five or six oh clock that evening here they come back to the cow pen. Interviewer: Tell me about the kind of work you did when you m- when you milked em. What did you do? 856C: Well you had a uh plank built that you set your bucket on. Interviewer: #1 What kind of # 856C: #2 {X} # Interviewer: bucket was it? 856C: It'd be a tin bucket. Be a tin bucket. And then you'd get take a bucket then and and milk the cow. Sit down on your knees right there on the {X} and milk em. I've milked a many a cow that way. Interviewer: Did you have to say anything to the cow to make her move? 856C: No you just say sometimes back your leg back your take her by the hip bone you know and back her leg and she'll back it up. Interviewer: And then you just milked the #1 cow? # 856C: #2 Just # milked the cow. Interviewer: What did you do with the milk once you got it? 856C: Carried it to the house. Interviewer: And then did you have to? 856C: And then strain it. Strain it. And put it in crocks. Interviewer: And did you ever hear of a a people maybe having a little place uh near a stream or some cool place like that to put the milk #1 to try to keep cool? # 856C: #2 Well yeah I've # I've heard of that. Interviewer: And what would you call something like that? 856C: Uh but I don't know I never did have one like that. Or my folks never did. Interviewer: Well a little while ago you mentioned something about dairying? 856C: #1 Dairying. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Tell me about that. About what's a dairy? 856C: Dairying is is milking cows. Making butter. That's that's called dairy. Interviewer: So. 856C: You'd to- put your milk you can milk a cow and put your milk in a crock. And it will skim over you know. All the cream will come to the top. That's where you make your butter. Take that cream off and everything and you can churn the rest of the milk and make your buttermilk. Interviewer: So you take make the butter out of the cream and #1 buttermilk # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: out of the rest of #1 it. # 856C: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: How did you do that? How did you make the butter? 856C: Just strain it strain it off of the milk you know the butter and and churn it a little bit and get it all dried out and nothing but butter fat there and and take it and and have a butter plate pound packages you know one pound whole one {C: distorted audio} pound at a time and then just {X} Interviewer: Well uh w- when you you s- would you say that you were dairying when you were milking the cows? 856C: Well you'd say you uh no. Uh you not we just run a dairy. The w- way they run a dairy now is they's milking maybe a hundred cows now in a dairy. And sending it {X} stores. Bottling it up. Interviewer: So when you speak of a dairy you mean the uh big #1 processing {X} and # 856C: #2 Yeah. # Processing plant. A dairy. Bu- but otherwise no {D: the name would be} cow pen. Out to the cow pen. Interviewer: Well now you said you uh you had cotton. What what kind of work did you do when you when you grew cotton? 856C: Well you broke your land. And along along about um April you'd plant your cotton. Interviewer: What did you break the land with the first #1 time? # 856C: #2 Turning # plows. Called turning plows. And you'd pl- plant your cotton {X} cotton planters. That roll along and pull the horse you know. Had a wheel to it and and the thing would go around around and those cotton seeds would come out and plant. And it had shovels on the back to cover the dirt on top of it. Interviewer: What did you call this thing? Did it make a did it make the land look sort of like that yet? Sort of? 856C: Yeah something like that. {X} it had each one would be a row of its own you know. It'd be about three foot apart. The rows would. Interviewer: Would did you call those what's the place between the rows? 856C: Middle in down in the middles? Place between the rows would be down in the middle. You'd plow you'd run around your cotton that gets up and you'd leave a middle where you'd plow you know you're gonna put half of that dirt in the middle over there. And then on the other side the same way. Well you'd have to after you'd get through the plowing you'd have to {X} middle. Run a sweep down the middle to flatten it out. Look make it look nice. And keep grass from growing too you know. Interviewer: Did grass grow up in it? 856C: Yeah. Interviewer: What did you call all that grass out there that grew up in it like that? 856C: Well you'd just poor farming if you if you didn't keep the field clean well you just wasn't going to make nothing. You had to keep your field clean just like you did your bedroom. Interviewer: Well when the when the grass grew up in it what'd you do to it? You'd? 856C: You'd plow it. Interviewer: Did you ever have to well what about did did the plants come up too thick or do you? 856C: Well they they'd come up just like you'd {X} your planter well. {D: You'd have variety} how you want put your cotton seed. Or corn plate. Had corn plates too. And they were spaced with holes in em. Inside the planter and you'd just put your corn inside the top of the planter there. And roll it all roll on the grains would come out. Grains of corn would come out. Spaced out like you want to plant it you know. Interviewer: So did you when the when the plants came up though did you have to cut out some of the plants or? 856C: {X} You've got to chop your corn or chop your cotton. Interviewer: And that's hoeing it? 856C: That's chopping chopping and hoeing. Interviewer: And or is chopping it and hoeing it the same thing? 856C: It well chopping it is first thing you do to it. Chop out your corn. That's thinning it out you know where it come up too thick and same with your cotton. And then later on during the season you're going to have to hoe it. Grass will grow again you know. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 856C: #2 {X} # {X} Takes two hoeing. Takes a hoeing and a planting will keep f- clean field. You got to hoe it after you plant it chop it out. And then hoe it. Interviewer: And the hoeing gets out the? 856C: Last of the grass and stuff. By that time you'd lay it by. You lay your cr- crop by then. Interviewer: What do you mean you lay it by? 856C: You don't work it no more. Wait till it wait till it matures and then get it. Interviewer: Where did you grow the cotton? What did you call? 856C: Cotton field. Interviewer: And what was it like? What was what's a field like for when you #1 {X} # 856C: #2 Field # open land. Fenced. Got a fence around it somewhere well outside there. And it's uh clean. A field is clean. {C: distorted audio} And 856C: {D: what} Interviewer: I asked you what kind of uh plows you had on the 856C: {D: tractor plow and little brushes} and then you had the {D: fruit stocks} {D: you'd call this a} had cultivators you have a vast number of things to plow and cultivate your crop with now but I use mostly single stocks I didn't use no cultivators Interviewer: what do I don't understand the difference like what's the term you know that's like in the middle stirring up 856C: turning plows uh if I'm w- wedged instrument with a wing on the right side of it and the point goes into the ground and turns that dirt over that's uh that's called a that's that's a turning plow {D: more busters} you put it in the ground and make up your rows with it you know make a long s- open up a d- long streak that makes then come back on the other side and make another m- make a bed you know Interviewer: and then the and then the single uh 856C: single stock you use while you cutting running around it I've heard it's better than a than a cultivator cause you j- you just you could plow yours- crop better with a single stock than you could with a cultivator cause you'd have to set a cultivator for {D: sitting banging} some places it wouldn't touch you around mean little little little places you know when a single stock you can just do do any way you want to with it Interviewer: now did you use a tractor to pull these kind of plows 856C: no I I I hired tractors done em in the later years now to break my land Interviewer: but what did you use to plow it usually 856C: I in the later years I used tractors uh to break it with Interviewer: but before you had the tractors 856C: turning plows Interviewer: and now turning plows is that pulled by an animal or something 856C: turning plow pulled b- two mules two horses whatever you got got a doubletree or singletree is on on the front of it you know it pulled it Interviewer: and that would pull the 856C: yeah but after far after tractors came in I'd hire my work done with tractors I prefer that rather than owning one Interviewer: well uh well when you had two mules or two horses what did you call them did you call that a a 856C: a team call that a pair a team Interviewer: did you ever have use oxen? any kind of 856C: now I have seen em I never did em myself I've seen oxen used to plow to plow with Interviewer: would they use them in teams too 856C: yeah they'd just plow em in pairs you know had a yoke going around em neck you know where they pull with the shoulders you know Interviewer: well what if what came back from the from the what what do you how do you guide the the pair of the mules or horses whatever you were plowing with 856C: no use guiding the lines but they they're s- {D: now sir} you just guide your own self with a plow that's travel a row and you just up to you to know to keep the tail end fixed up right Interviewer: did you call the one on the left anything 856C: well it's uh called one on o- off off side and gee side you know you can teach a animal to gee {D: run a run around} gee that's from to turn to the right a little bit Interviewer: oh I didn't know that 856C: yeah {D: you'd tell them to like uh} gee gee gee but they would brush over a little bit Interviewer: and what about if you took it you 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 know # 856C: pull your line in if you want over you got line on both sides on on on a pair you know on a team Interviewer: if you were to turn left though what do you holler to em? 856C: you just pull the line uh make em come on haw haw yeah haw Interviewer: and that that would make em turn 856C: yeah Interviewer: well now did did you have anything uh like any kind of uh of whip or anything? 856C: no no wouldn't use whips on mules Interviewer: what about horses though? 856C: {D: boy it kills you to} see somebody you know have a whip plowing a horse or a mule or something but I never did use it myself I've kept good teams that walk on right you know Interviewer: what about for a for if you were driving or if you weren't plowing them would you use one then? 856C: what a whip? if you're just driving the wagon {D: have it to} the wagon? no you just hit em with the line Interviewer: oh 856C: hit em with one of the lines you got on the bits you know you you got got em by Interviewer: do do you call em lines if you're riding horseback? 856C: yeah Interviewer: the same rope 856C: line Interviewer: when you hit em with them then 856C: no lines Interviewer: well what about the if if you have a wagon and you have a pair of horses what do you call the piece of wood that sticks out in front between em 856C: tongue Interviewer: and if you just have a buggy you have something on each side of the of 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 the mule # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what are the 856C: buggy buggy shafts bug- buggy shafts Interviewer: what was the buggy like that you had 856C: well buggy had two two shafts running from the front of it where the buggy back your horse on in you know just back your horse on in to the the and put the harness on him and then buckle the straps down and that's and he pulled {D: to buh bat} Interviewer: did it what kind of uh were the wheels like what was that 856C: they were uh wooden wheels wooden wheels and later they had a steel rim or something like that Interviewer: and the the spokes they went out and did they connect to the what did they connect to that 856C: the what Interviewer: the spokes of the wheel 856C: spokes the spokes of the wheel that they connected to the rim and that they go on put em on after you know put em on and give it a tap now so it won't come off and that's called the spokes Interviewer: well uh did I guess living on the farm you had to buy a lot of things at the store at one time didn't you 856C: right you are Interviewer: how'd you buy uh uh something like a uh flour or meal or something like that 856C: cornmeal we'd buy it in sacks twenty-four pound sack of flour that's the way they sold em fifty pound sack of flour Interviewer: well what were the sacks made out of 856C: made out of cotton Interviewer: out of cotton 856C: made out of cotton Interviewer: did you ever see a how did the stores buy em 856C: they bought em the same way Interviewer: you ever see em buy it in in big 856C: #1 barrels? # Interviewer: #2 wood # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: I've seen em buy buy flour in barrels I've seen em buy flour lard in barrels I go open up the top of the barrel you know and take a scoop and just turn up a bucket eight pound bucket of lard right quick with it or whatever pound you want Interviewer: what do you all those barrels together? do they have something uh they have a metal 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 ring # 856C: they have a metal rim around that holds em together that way but when you take your can into em you know you you're responsible yourself for the if it's gonna stay in the bucket or not but to buy the the barrels it takes lard comes into the stores they're made out of strong material you know and they won't r- rip open or nothing Interviewer: well what about the uh did the barrels ever have uh wooden things going around them to hold them together 856C: wooden rims? they'd have some kind of rim around maybe a little steel rim or something Interviewer: do you ever call that rim anything else like a 856C: c- {D: maybe coy?} Interviewer: hoop or hoop or 856C: hoop well hoop we'd call em hoops too {C: like book, not like spoon} Interviewer: is that the same thing? 856C: mm-hmm round rims really {D: true} is called hoops Interviewer: what about molasses how do they how do they get molasses 856C: they make it out of sugar cane Interviewer: out of sugar cane 856C: yeah gotta grow your sugar cane and you put your mill up out there you know and grind it get some man feeding that sugar cane stalk into the mill of it sq- squishing all of the juices out juice runs on out into a big tub pan or something you know and the stalk moves on out dry {D: the other of it} to the pile Interviewer: well how did they sell it in the in the store 856C: {D: mash toe they hold it} makes they buy it in in can and in barrels too at the store but you can take the old five gallon can up to the store and get your five gallons of molasses you could do that or even later on they sold it in buckets they sold it in buckets in cans Interviewer: did they have a display of it or something out in the room out in the store? 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 that you could # 856C: they had it on shelves you know whatever you wanted when you walk in the store you could look on the shelves all around see what you what they got but all the big heavy junk like molasses and lard and stuff they'd keep in the back you know but they'd keep it in the front she- on shelves too there's buckets Interviewer: well did uh if uh if you had if you bought just a a few little things like uh some some fruit or something what would they put that in in the store 856C: the fruit? they'd hang it up like bananas or they'd hang it up on a cord running from the ceiling down and that'd keep it keep banana hook you've seen bananas Interviewer: yes sir 856C: well they th- they'd hang em cord from the roof coming down in hang a bunch of bananas right there remember and you'd walk to it and get your half a dozen of em or your ten of em or whatever you wanna get pick em off break em off yourself Interviewer: well when you when you had that when you got the bananas off what did they put them in for you to take em home 856C: they put em in a paper bag Interviewer: and uh if you bought uh sugar like fifty pounds of sugar how would you get that 856C: we'd have a sack Interviewer: was that different from the kind of sack you get flour in? 856C: well it'd be c- could be the same same thing you emptied before but you save your sack when you get through your flour and you when you go to the store you can get the flour put back in it or you you you can get anything else bananas or anything else you can put it in that same sack Interviewer: well what about uh potatoes do you know what they'd ship potatoes in back then? 856C: they shipped potatoes in bulk Interviewer: so that that'd be a lot of em 856C: yeah a lot of em and they'd fill up a big ship on a in a store you know with the potatoes you'd just walk by and put you some in a paper bag you know Interviewer: did you ever buy fertilizer? 856C: yeah I bought fertilizer Interviewer: what did it come in? 856C: it'd come in fifty pound hundred pound sacks paper bags thick they was made out of paper I think but they was thick and strong Interviewer: what about feed or or or seed 856C: #1 I bought # Interviewer: #2 something like that # 856C: feed that same way in sacks Interviewer: paper sacks? 856C: mm-hmm Interviewer: do they did you ever see some of those sacks made out of that coarse brown material 856C: #1 yeah that's # Interviewer: #2 cloth # 856C: what they're made out of now I've bought it that way {NS} Interviewer: what do you call those kind of sacks? 856C: I don't know what you call em but you can go down and get you a fifty pound bag sack now of fertilizer a fifty pound well everything and anything you want at these feed stores now Interviewer: have you ever heard that called a tow sack or a burlap sack or 856C: #1 I've # Interviewer: #2 bag # 856C: heard of it called tow s- burlap sack sack tow sack too many holes in it and all Interviewer: oh what's a tow what's a tow sack? 856C: tow sack is made of made out I think made out of grass you might say Interviewer: is it what color is it? 856C: it's brown tow sack's brown Interviewer: well was there a mill around here for people to to grind and mill that? 856C: yeah there's a mill mill out in the e- each community in the country they'd grind your corn make meal out of it Interviewer: well how much corn did you take at a time? 856C: that you'd take maybe fifty or a hundred pounds of corn just enough to run you a week at home then you go back to the mill on Saturday Interviewer: you you'd use fifty or a hundred pounds in a week? 856C: yeah Interviewer: well uh how much I if you uh if you went out if it was real cold or something and you were when you were gonna carry in this much maybe to the mill how much would you say that was 856C: um I'd say twenty-five fifty pound Interviewer: would you ever take a turn of corn mills of corn to the mill 856C: yeah but I don't know what you call it the you call it a turn that's a that's a {D: burrow pie} but a pile of corn Interviewer: uh but how much is a turn about 856C: it's about maybe forty forty five to fifty pounds a turn I guess just go in the {D: credit} and get you some you know and put em in a sack and go to the mill with it and get em grounded up Interviewer: uh and what about if you if you went out in the forest and you said you were gonna bring in some wood for the fire you'd say I'm just gonna go out and get a what 856C: a armful? get a armful of wood Interviewer: well uh now I know that now now that you don't use old fashioned lamps like that like you did then 856C: no Interviewer: what what did you burn in the lamps that you had 856C: coal oil burnt coal oil in em Interviewer: is that the same as uh 856C: wick you'd burning a wick goes down into the lamp you know and you put coal oil down there and you turn your wick up and light it and higher you turn your wick's the higher the flame you have you got yourself a a light turn now that turns the wick Interviewer: well what about the thing that you put in here what do you put in there to make it 856C: globes Interviewer: did you have any of those globes called anything else? 856C: light bulbs Interviewer: is that the same thing? 856C: the same thing Interviewer: well I know that now you have this uh the one that he loans his apartments a man these apartments come by and wash your clothes for you but uh when you were growing up t- did they do anything did they do that on a special day of the week or 856C: no special day of the week they'd do it on a Friday wash clothes on a Friday Interviewer: did they do any spe- 856C: now my wife would have a negro woman come you know and down at the well they'd have the two of them {D: beaches} out there and they'd wash clothes down at the well Interviewer: and did uh do they have what about on Monday do anything special on Monday? 856C: no {D: nothing special on Mon-} mostly on the end of the week Interviewer: what about after they washed them what do they do to em 856C: after they wash what clothes? they'd hang em up and dry em on telephone wire Interviewer: how'd they get em from the wash place to the telephone wire? 856C: they had to be there telephone wire bent down there better go hang em out Interviewer: you didn't have to take em in a in any kind of uh wooden uh 856C: no not necessarily you could use your arms for the wood- for the taking em to the clothesline Interviewer: what would you call something you might carry em in then 856C: well you could carry em in a tub to the clothesline or a basket to the clothesline anything Interviewer: well uh did they did they have to uh that it that's interesting that you wash em at the well 856C: yeah Interviewer: how how did you uh buy things like nails then? 856C: we'd buy em just by the pound whatever you wanted you could get a keg a keg of nails that's a hundred pound little barrel you know barrel maybe or staples or something but mostly you would get ten or fifteen pounds of em Interviewer: and uh and did when you bought things like uh uh it's at the store that came in a box what would they put in the top of it to keep it from leaking out or something 856C: there'd be a top it'd be a cork in there you put in there either a round top you screw on there Interviewer: well if it was a cork what was it made out of 856C: made out of I reckon it's made of made out of wood you might say I don't know what a cork's made out of Interviewer: was it sort of 856C: #1 but # Interviewer: #2 that # 856C: it'll stop up a hole or something you know Interviewer: is that like what comes in a wine bottle? 856C: yeah like comes in a wine bottle cork Interviewer: and uh what about uh if it was made out of did they ever have em made out of glass any 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 thing come # 856C: nothing made out of glass #1 no glass # Interviewer: #2 that # 856C: I remember Interviewer: well uh when you were a child what kind of uh of uh of toy did you have outside to play with 856C: we had a little wagon and then had little bicycles Interviewer: did you have a 856C: tricycles and stuff like that Interviewer: did you have a a little musical instrument you play back and forth in your mouth 856C: my harp? had a harp you could play Interviewer: and did you have one that you'd you'd twang on this 856C: #1 guitar # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: I have a guitar Interviewer: uh but one that you'd hold between your teeth a little steel thing you'd you'd 856C: yeah I know what you're talking about but I don't know what you call it but I know what you're talking about Interviewer: did you ever hear that called a uh uh Jew's harp 856C: #1 Jew's harp # Interviewer: #2 or anything # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: Jew's harp {C: sounds like a B instead of J?} Interviewer: what about the the harp the other one you know that you play back and forth did you ever hear it called anything else 856C: no just Jew's Jew's harp Interviewer: and what did you have some a toy that maybe would have uh a stump or something in the middle of a long plank and one person would sit on each end and go up and down 856C: that's a seesaw call that a seesaw Interviewer: what would you say you were doing if you had a seesaw 856C: uh you'd just be riding up and down y- you somebody'd be on one end and somebody on this end and you'd shove yourself up with your feet you know and uh weight of the body would take it down on the other end and that man put his feet up lift it up and his his b- body and weight would take it on down the other way Interviewer: so if there's some children out there doing that you'd say they were out doing what 856C: playing seesaw Interviewer: and did you have did you ever have like uh a limber kinda plank you put maybe a barrel under each end of it and then jump up and down in the middle 856C: well I've seen em do it I never have myself Interviewer: do would what would you call something like that 856C: I don't know that's maybe they'd be seesawing uh just the same whether it'd be in a barrel or just naked plank Interviewer: now what about uh did you ever have something that maybe uh would you could two maybe four or children would sit down and spin around 856C: yeah whirlwind call that a whirlwind seesaw Interviewer: uh a whi- a 856C: #1 whirl # Interviewer: #2 whirlwind # 856C: whirlwind's {X} or either a seesaw either one whirlwind Interviewer: and uh you you said you told a minute ago you might buy a keg of nails sometime 856C: keg of nail Interviewer: well what would you use to put the nails in with 856C: hammer we use a hammer or anything heavy like that hatchet hatchet or a hammer they're driving nails into the planks and stuff Interviewer: well in if uh in the winter time you know you were saying that you had to get all that wood in 856C: yeah Interviewer: what would you say you were doing if if you 856C: getting ready for winter getting the wood in for the winter Interviewer: so if you drove your wagon a long way off and came back and unloaded it went back and got some more wood and came back and unloaded it what would you say you were doing 856C: hauling wood for the winter Interviewer: what'd you what'd you saw it up in did you have a 856C: saw have it saw crosscut saw have it sawed down that way and sawed up that way and then you'd some some maybe didn't have a they had uh axes just cut chop it chop it up if you cut down a tree with a axe and best way is to saw it down you know some folks didn't have a saw they just take a axe and cut em a tree down and cut it up in lengths but n- know about what length to cut you know Interviewer: well did you have a uh an X shaped kinda frame or something to lay the logs in to to saw em up 856C: yeah I know what you talking about like that you know on one end and one on the other end you know you put em on down then saw em #1 call that # Interviewer: #2 would you call that # anything that kinda frame 856C: {D: well I don't know what} to call it Interviewer: uh the sawbuck or anything like that 856C: something like #1 that # Interviewer: #2 sawhorse # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: yeah sawhorse sawhorse Interviewer: well when you say a sawhorse do you mean the X shape or 856C: yeah Interviewer: or the what about the top the tall one the one that like what uh the one that that uh you might block off a road with it or something like painters use or carpenters use to saw planks with 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call those 856C: I don't know what you'd call those Interviewer: would you call them a sawhorse too the the the A shape 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: well back then what did you use to like uh keep your hair in place 856C: hair comb and brush Interviewer: what did you so if you had a brush you'd say you were gonna do what to your hair 856C: brush your hair Interviewer: and did you have a straight razor? 856C: yeah had a straight razor Interviewer: what'd you sharpen it in? 856C: sharpen it on a strap {C: like strop} strap Interviewer: and uh and did you ever uh like did you carry a gun with you ever 856C: no I never did carry a gun Interviewer: what would you put in the gun if you were gonna shoot it though 856C: put a shell or cartridge Interviewer: and you know then we were talking about toys now I meant to ask you did you have one that you could like that would two or three children uh everything one child would sit in and another one push where you go back and forth like that you'd sit on the little board or plank or something would have some uh ropes hanging from a tree 856C: yeah Interviewer: go back and forth in it 856C: call it a swing we called it a swing Interviewer: did you have a swing? 856C: I had a swing about like that Interviewer: and did you ever burn coal? 856C: never did burn coal Interviewer: did anybody around here burn 856C: never did I never did see anybody burning coal Interviewer: did you ever hear of anybody around here using that 856C: I heard uh that the oil mill was using coal oil mill when they had a oil mill here in Huntsville they don't have one now Interviewer: what what did the oil mill do 856C: the oil mill was used for cotton seeds you know getting the juice out of cotton seed Interviewer: well what would they carry oh uh the coal in 856C: they they'd carry it in in in buckets and stuff like that keep the fire running that way Interviewer: would they just leave the bucket sitting there beside the 856C: they'd leave it there just sits buggy for coal coal fire up you know you know and then take it back and by the time it died down take another shovel of coal down there can of coal Interviewer: well you know you said that you you had stoves in your house to to heat with heater well what did you have uh a something to how how'd the smoke go out of it of the 856C: the what uh burnt up burnt up butane {D: is sold} Interviewer: well before you had the butane though would you have the wood 856C: #1 had # Interviewer: #2 stove # 856C: had I had a wood stove we had a pipe that goes out through for the house Interviewer: did the pipe go all the 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 way through # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # did it have a brick part on top 856C: yeah Interviewer: well is that did you just call that the 856C: #1 pipe # Interviewer: #2 ke- # 856C: yeah that's right Interviewer: what about the flue what's that 856C: flu's a was a disease a cold and stuff mixed up and would make a person sick flu oh you're talking about flue on a house? Interviewer: yes did did you have those 856C: when we had flues yeah you'd have a flue on a house Interviewer: what would that be? 856C: that'd be made out of the pipe and stuff going out the roof of the house keeping setting fire to it Interviewer: so is that the same as the stove pipe? 856C: yeah same as stove pipe Interviewer: and uh what about uh did you use a knife very much around the around the farm? 856C: no not much Interviewer: did you have something to sharpen a knife on 856C: yeah Interviewer: what was that? 856C: we'd have a file file Interviewer: did you ever have any have a rock or stone or anything 856C: yeah stone but the best way to sharpen my axe or is on a file well you'd have a grindstone now you talking about grindstone to grind your axe on Interviewer: did you say it would go around you mean 856C: grindstone yeah you'd turn that stone rock you know and take your axe and put it on the blade of that rock you know as it turning that sharpens it too Interviewer: you didn't have a little one that you hold in your hand 856C: no Interviewer: uh what about like a scythe did you ever see anybody sharpen a scythe 856C: never did I don't know what a scythe is Interviewer: oh you know to cut hay with a handle 856C: oh yeah Interviewer: those big things 856C: yeah Interviewer: how'd they sharpen something like that 856C: uh with a file? Interviewer: well you said you had a buggy and those buggies ever begin to squeak you know 856C: yeah they're squeaky you have to grease em k- have keep grease on the axle and Interviewer: oh you 856C: #1 after # Interviewer: #2 would # 856C: the tap you know on the wheel it takes a wheel and to put your grease on it on oil or whatever you wanted to put on it and then screw it back on there Interviewer: I guess your hands got sort of 856C: well yeah you'd get dirty Interviewer: how would you describe it if you used the grease you said about your hands are real what 856C: real greasy Interviewer: and you'd say uh if you did that with somebody you'd say you did what to their wagon 856C: grease grease your wagon or I greased their wagon Interviewer: well did did you ever make any kind of lamp that you might use out at the light or something you know just oh one night when you didn't you need some light out there or something like by taking a bottle or a can or something and putting some coal oil or something in it and then a rag and 856C: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 lighting # 856C: yeah I've done that Interviewer: what'd you call something like that? that you would make like that 856C: homemade lamp {X} homemade lamp I'd fill it up with coal oil you know in a quarter bottle and put a rag in it you know it just soaks it up little at a time you know and then it'll give you light all the way around Interviewer: well uh what about things in uh you I know you had like uh an outhouse and you you'd bathe in a tub but what about uh brushing your teeth or something like that 856C: we'd go to the bucket on the porch or wherever you kept your drinking water in a pan and with a little soap and toothpaste and stuff and wash your s- wash it that way wash #1 your teeth # Interviewer: #2 did you have # toothpaste then? 856C: yeah Interviewer: what did it come in? 856C: it'd come in a tube you just squeeze it undo the top of it a little bit and squeeze just from the bottom on up or and screw the top back on Interviewer: did you have any kind of little boat or anything you'd use 856C: boat? no never did use a boat Interviewer: on a creek or the 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 on # on the rivers 856C: #1 I'd # Interviewer: #2 around here # 856C: use a {X} fish Interviewer: oh you would? 856C: yeah Interviewer: what kinda fish would you get around here 856C: well you'd get all kinds you would get buffalo you'd get perch you'd get Interviewer: I've never heard of buffalo what are they 856C: buffalo fish is a great big fish may have made it up made fun of it little small mouth big head and a small mouth you know that's a buffalo Interviewer: never seen one of them 856C: hmm Interviewer: any kind of buffalo or perch what else would you catch around here 856C: catfish catch a catfish Interviewer: lot of catfish? 856C: yeah them Interviewer: do you get much seafood this up here in here 856C: yeah you can b- buy you can buy fish at any market #1 oysters # Interviewer: #2 what # 856C: oysters Interviewer: anything else any other kind of seafood 856C: not in particular Interviewer: like uh uh any kind that you like to boil or fry something like that 856C: no Interviewer: like sh- 856C: shrimp you talking about shrimp we can get shrimp Interviewer: any what other kinds of seafood do you get here anything else what kind of 856C: that's about all is shrimp and fish and that's about all you get #1 fish # Interviewer: #2 what kind of # fish 856C: any kind you want you can go at these cafes and all them kinda fish you want mean you sometimes you'd see a truck loaded with fish peddling em out on a corner of a street down there go down and buy you a catfish or trout or something like that I think it's against the law to sell scaled fish though Interviewer: really? 856C: I think it is Interviewer: why is that? 856C: I don't know off of a wagon or something now you get scaled fish in a cafe you know you get em fried but it's against the law to sell c- scaled fish Interviewer: well uh do people fish around here very much like 856C: #1 right # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: smart they're right smart #1 they got # Interviewer: #2 what # 856C: Lake Livingston now to fish and they go around there all through the week and fish and catch {D: water} {D: water fish} Interviewer: well what kind of little boats do they go out in over there do you ever watch em over there at Lake 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 Livingston # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: I've seen em out there in little boats fishing Interviewer: what kind of little boats what are they 856C: they were made out of wood and stuff looked like Interviewer: would you call those kinda boats anything like rowboats or or bateaus or anything like that 856C: nah not that I know of Interviewer: well what do they look like have a round bottom or flat bottom or what 856C: had a bread shaped bottom come about two points at each end one point on each end you know and flat on the bottom Interviewer: but you don't know what kind of boats you 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 call em # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # well how do they get em in the water over there? 856C: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 do they have a # 856C: they just slide em in the water putting out from the {D: cut the wreck} they gotta haul em on you know and back up to the water edge and then pull the w- boat and let it hit the water and then hold it there Interviewer: so would you say they were gonna do what is that lau- would you say they were going to to launch it or what are do they have a place like that here? special place 856C: well not that I know of I think on Lake Livingston now you can launch em on in where you want to Interviewer: oh you can? I didn't know that I haven't been over there to Lake Livingston 856C: yeah Interviewer: well would you uh uh when you were a child what would you wear if you were to get dressed up or something 856C: I'd wear my Sunday clothes Interviewer: what would that be your Sunday 856C: that'd be m- clean uh pants or pressed up you know and a white shirt and most shiny shoes I'd be dressed up in Interviewer: and w- and then what about what would uh would the older men wear 856C: that's they'd wear the same thing Interviewer: so you said that 856C: sometime most most of em would have a suit of clothing you know hanging up in the wardrobe you know and go get it out you know have to take a bath put on the clothes and they were dressed up then Interviewer: what would the suit be what what would the pieces be uh of 856C: be pants and a shirt and a coat Interviewer: did they have three piece suits 856C: no well they got a vest vest is the three piece suit but mostly just the pants and the coat is a suit of clothes but some instances you can buy em with a vest too but I think vests is going out of style now Interviewer: well if uh if uh if they didn't wanna wear an old suit then they might go down to the store and buy a what 856C: buy n- new suit new khakis or something like that Interviewer: well what would you wear just around the farm though just you know to work 856C: what clothes would be w- call em work clothes caddy clothes or blue jeans or something like that overalls Interviewer: you what what are overalls 856C: overalls is blue pants and got straps on the back of em comes over and hooks and keeps em on your shoulders keep the pants pulled up over your shoulders Interviewer: and uh if if uh what about uh women when they got dressed up what would you say this like uh if your if your wife and you were going out somewhere and uh and she was putting on the uh uh a suit uh you know getting ready what would you say she was doing 856C: primping up Interviewer: would you say that if you were doing if you were putting on a suit and everything would you say you were primping up 856C: yeah I'd say I was primping up Interviewer: and what about what would she carry in her hand 856C: she'd carry a purse in her hand Interviewer: and uh would that would that have a little a leather one in it do they could to carry change 856C: yeah have a little l- small purse inside of a larger purse to carry change in Interviewer: what about what would she wear here 856C: wristwatch Interviewer: or just a uh a fancy 856C: yeah #1 fancy # Interviewer: #2 what kind of # 856C: piece of leather or something Interviewer: what about just a piece of jewelry or 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 something # 856C: wear a chain wear a chain on there Interviewer: is that the same as a uh a bracelet 856C: bracelet same as a bracelet Interviewer: what would she wear around here 856C: necklace Interviewer: if it was a lot of beads what would you say it was 856C: b- I think it's called a necklace be- be- bead chain neck- necklace Interviewer: would you ever hear it called like a string or a 856C: #1 string # Interviewer: #2 strand # 856C: that's that string of beads Interviewer: well what would you wear to hold your pants up 856C: I'd wear I wear my p- belt Interviewer: did you ever hear of people wearing anything else? 856C: uh wearing uh um piece of material would go over your shoulder I don't know what you call it now I did know but they'd button on to your pants you know down here and go over your shoulders and get on to the back end button Interviewer: would you ever hear it call that suspenders or 856C: suspenders that's the word suspenders Interviewer: or uh when you were a child did anybody ever 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 call em # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # galluses or any 856C: #1 galluses # Interviewer: #2 thing like that # 856C: and suspenders that's what I know em best by is suspenders Interviewer: do do have you heard galluses though? 856C: yeah I've heard of galluses Interviewer: well what about if did it when it rained what did you carry over your head 856C: buggies if you had generally you'd have a slicker on but sometimes you could take a over uh parasols you know and use it and hold your head over it keep it from getting wet Interviewer: a parasol is that the same thing as a as a as a an um- 856C: umbrella same thing as umbrella Interviewer: well you know when you uh at home we were talking about the kinda furniture and stuff you'd have what would you have on the bed 856C: bedspreads you'd lay your bed down you cover it {X} to- on top of that you'd have a nice looking bedspread you know so it'd look nice but at night you'd take it off you know to get that {X} go to bed put it back on the next morning as you make your bed up Interviewer: what what would you put your head on 856C: pillows Interviewer: did you ever see something like a pillow long thing though that went all the way across the bed 856C: well I have seen em ma- that's one pillow made all together the same width of the bed Interviewer: how did it go just are you talking about one that goes part of the way 856C: they'd go all the way it'd be you might say two pillows in one you know all the way across the top of the bed Interviewer: would you just call that a pillow or what something like that 856C: that's all I know em as call pillows pill- pillows are l- separate pillow that that'd be head headrest up that way though that long one Interviewer: is that the same thing as a bol- something 856C: bolster {D: last I heard} think so but pillows just are another well now that's a pillow there big now that's what I call a pillow Interviewer: but but you'd just call that other one a double pillow or 856C: #1 double # Interviewer: #2 what # 856C: pillow Interviewer: well now what about did you have something that you might uh that you you'd some kind of cover you might put on to keep you warm something uh 856C: bedspread you'd have bedspread and b- blankets quilts you'd have quilts keep you warm Interviewer: well when too many people were at your house or something if you had company or something and there were too many people to sleep in a bed where did you put the other people 856C: I don't know where you'd put em if there's too many people there you make pallets on the floor Interviewer: you would you make you have a pallet 856C: yeah make a pallet and they're on the floor Interviewer: well what about a land that you have around here the farm 856C: I have black land sandy land to farm Interviewer: oh tell me about the different kinds of and types of soil and kinds of land and stuff that you have around here 856C: we got black land got post oak land you got sandy land Interviewer: and what are what's post oak land 856C: post oak land is a type sandy land that's where post oak trees mostly grow it's the reason that's where it's got its name but it ain't black land post oak land's not black land now Interviewer: what's black land? 856C: black land is just land black it's {D: bite} bottom on the bottom you know and there's bottom creeks in all black bottom land is creek creek land bottoms Interviewer: is that kind of land real rich or what 856C: yeah real rich Interviewer: so you'd say that land was real fer- 856C: fertile real fertile Interviewer: what about the sandy land what is it like 856C: well it's it's that but generally sandy land is worn out land long time ago folks farmed mostly farmed sandy land cause most sandy land is kinda clear you can clear it pretty quick and then it's dried off quick you know Interviewer: so you use that 856C: but there's not much for {D: till it then} soi- soil sandy land Interviewer: well if you have any of that kind of land around here that's that's part clay and part uh sand mix mixed together that real rich that uh 856C: well Interviewer: they're called l- lo- 856C: loam loam land yeah Interviewer: what is that is that like 856C: that's that's sandy land and black land mixed but {D: over posts spills and} stuff's on it what call it loa- sandy loamy land Interviewer: is that good 856C: yeah that's good Interviewer: well do you have any kind of low lying grass land around here 856C: low lying grass land Interviewer: do you have any kind of uh uh low lying kinda grass land 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 around # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what do you call something like that? 856C: well that's you'd call it low land grass grass pasture farming and then you call it black land bottom land next to the creek and stuff that's what you'd call that Interviewer: well how do you get the water off uh uh th- something like uh uh the area where there's 856C: you have drainage r- dr- generator bottom land is around a creek or a big branch or something and it all drains off you know Interviewer: so so the if if land if you have some land that's it's a little bit uh got water over it what kinda land's that if you know it's got water standing on it most of the time 856C: soggy land call it a soggy land Interviewer: does that have trees growing in it 856C: no w- well it'd have trees grow in em depends on where it is if it's next to a creek I've seen soggy land next to creek you know just stayed water all on outside that all the time Interviewer: what about the big thicket tell me about that what kinda land is over there 856C: big thicket is all softer land but mostly it's sandy loamy land but it'd be a creek going through it too Interviewer: why does nobody live over there 856C: I don't know never did {D: so many} dangerous animals and my gr- grandfather moved to the edge of the big thicket on account of his health you know and it turned out he's a bear hunter and he killed bears he he during his life he killed three hundred bears Interviewer: three hundred bears 856C: yeah {D: and he's just as good still} Interviewer: did have you ever been over to the big thicket 856C: yeah I've been to the big thicket Interviewer: well what's it like is there any land there with water standing on it all the time 856C: some some places yes Interviewer: what do you call something like that just a swamp? 856C: swamp call it a swamp Interviewer: well how do you get water off the swamp? 856C: you have to drain it off if you gonna use it most people won't use swamp land Interviewer: does that have trees 856C: #1 they've # Interviewer: #2 growing on it # 856C: {D: yeah} it has trees growing around Interviewer: I I remember uh 856C: plowed roads roads across it and everything Interviewer: across the swamp? 856C: the swamp Interviewer: well do they have any any places dug around here that drain off land like that 856C: well I think so Interviewer: what do you call something like that 856C: pit drainage pit Interviewer: uh uh like was that something like uh anything other names for like uh uh a canal or a ditch anything like that 856C: ditch call it a ditch canal or a ditch either one Interviewer: well and when you speak of a canal or a ditch how big a thing do you mean 856C: well now for instance myself now through my place I've got a creek and a ditch running through it I've got a ditch that's coming drains water from the east going to the west and then the creek goes from the north to the south {D: on my} check the place out there now Interviewer: do they cross? 856C: no they don't cross they run run into a point together though down at the f- far end they run to fork together Interviewer: so with uh is that on your ditch is that big enough for a boat to go on or is that 856C: yeah ditch my m- in my place it is big enough of a ditch Interviewer: well what about did you ever have a lot of rain fall and it would wash a part of your field away 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call a place like that where your field's all washed away that ever happen you when you 856C: yeah I {X} I I know wh- {X} what I wanna say but I can't call it Interviewer: well do you call it anything what like what's a uh a gully or something like that or 856C: gully gully Interviewer: what's a gully 856C: gully's a branch Interviewer: oh it is 856C: but it's a done washed away and stuff on your land water don't stand there but it's just something's done made it where water didn't run you know and call that a gully Interviewer: is that deep or 856C: yeah it'd come in some's is deep some is shallow a lot of places just a little shallow gullies Interviewer: oh what about uh so when you like what do you mean by shallow two or three feet or what 856C: two or three feet shallow Interviewer: well now what what are some of them you said you had a creek running across the place what creek is that? 856C: white oak creek Interviewer: are there a lot of creeks around 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 here # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: {X} creek and it's San Jacinto river they call it the San Jacinto River but it's just a creek but down about Conroe it turns out to be a big river you know Interviewer: what is the difference in a creek and a river there is it 856C: well a creek is water just runs off right quick off after rain and a river it's just stays full you know and drains off slowly but it continue to have s- springs in it you know to feed the water by a creek never goes dry Interviewer: yeah a creek doesn't a creek never goes 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 dry # 856C: a creek won't #1 it's about # Interviewer: #2 what would # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: spring water in it it got springs on the banks of it feeds it Interviewer: well will a river ever go dry 856C: well I know some rivers have gone dry Interviewer: is there anything smaller than a creek 856C: gully just all I know of gully's smaller than a creek Interviewer: does a gully have one e- summertime is that what 856C: #1 summertime # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and you you said a minute ago a gully was the same as a branch or something what's a branch 856C: branch is a place where water's done washed out overflown and done washed the place out and call that a branch Interviewer: are there different elevations of land around here 856C: yeah Interviewer: what you di- where are the uh kinda 856C: high we're on a high slope here there's no water around here much Interviewer: well does it is that why this place is called hillside or hillside that's what you 856C: hillside this here is hillside we're on a hill here Interviewer: is it what would you say are there any is there anything bigger than a hill around here 856C: well there's mountains but I don't know of no mountains around here Interviewer: there aren't any around here 856C: I know of one mountain around here out here west here about ten miles west now that's that's a high hill high mountain Interviewer: oh there is a mountain out there? 856C: there's a mountain out there #1 well # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know # 856C: I mean but a mountain is so much larger than a hill you know you get on it s- you see all the way the government puts people on that to see all around you know and then some instances the government will build these high riders high frame places to {D: ply em up up on a rug all country and stuff} Interviewer: well if you're on a hill and there's a little rise on the hill you know what I'm talking about 856C: yeah Interviewer: it there's just a little rise on the hill what do you call something like that just a little rise on a hill 856C: {D: well it's a little watered rising ain't it} Interviewer: well would you ever call it like a well what do you call the thing you turn to open the door with 856C: knob Interviewer: would you ever speak of a knob on a hill 856C: no Interviewer: or knoll or anything like 856C: #1 knoll # Interviewer: #2 that # 856C: knoll Interviewer: now what's another one 856C: {NW} knoll there's a high place on a hill or something a knoll Interviewer: well uh on the San Jacinto river I haven't been over there does does the land drop off right down into the river 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call a place like that where it just drops off 856C: {NW} river yeah I don't know sp- no special place where it just drops off all at once but San Jacinto river runs a long way crooked it just wig wags its way it starts way up down to c- goes to Loma call community named Loma and it goes all the way g- goes close to my place you know my place has got a creek in it it flows all the time well it flows on in the San Jacinto Interviewer: so your so you said pretty close to 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 San Jacinto # 856C: I'm pretty close to the San Jacinto Interviewer: well would you ever speak of a uh uh uh like that area where it drops straight off you know into the river as a a cliff 856C: cliff that's right cliff Interviewer: are there many of those around here 856C: well a good many not many not too many Interviewer: what are some of these can you think of any 856C: no Interviewer: so two of em would be two whats 856C: two cliffs two cliffs Interviewer: are they are they two cliffs around here 856C: I imagine there is now I've n- {NW} paid no particular attention to em Interviewer: well is there are there any low places in the hills around here where you go through just like a little drop in hills 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call something like that 856C: you'd call it a valley Interviewer: well if you if you had a a gun or something and you went and you cut out a little place in the handle what would you call something like that you cut out 856C: notch in it Interviewer: did you ever have a notch talk speaking of uh uh a place that a little little place in the mountains or something 856C: no not that I know of Interviewer: well what kind of roads do you have around here 856C: well you have hardtop roads mostly now but I've seen a time {X} dirt dirt roads Interviewer: oh really? 856C: yeah Interviewer: tell me about that 856C: I've seen a time that you where the county didn't work the roads you see they work the roads now you know with with maintainers and stuff like that but I've seen a time where it they'd have road days to work and y- you'd work free help in other words this road leads from Huntsville out to my place I've seen a time that you'd it'd be fifteen or twenty people that own land out in there and then they'd get to town to go work free you know and put in a day or two each one on that road tearing the stumps out and cutting em g- roots out of the road and stuff like that you know Interviewer: oh really? 856C: yeah didn't have no county to pay for it now p- they got these road draggers now you know they keep it up with now Interviewer: well you said to have most of these these uh hardtop kinda roads now 856C: hardtop main the main roads would be hardtop Interviewer: what are they paved with? 856C: they're paved with asphalt Interviewer: what about uh the the the white one of the hard white surfaces 856C: seen it talking about seeing it? Interviewer: are there many of 856C: #1 but not # Interviewer: #2 those # 856C: many of those most are blacktop Interviewer: what what is that blacktop stuff 856C: blacktop is I don't know I used the name a while ago I can't call it asphalt Interviewer: uh but what 856C: it's asphalt Interviewer: what is asphalt what is that stuff 856C: it's melted glue or something tar and something else all combined together and it it it u- unites and s- and stays put you know where you put it you know it just spreads you know just spreads along you know with a spreader and finally and keep the road side ditches clear you know where water can drain off and everything now that's that's mostly the kinda roads we got now Interviewer: well you were telling me the other day about it about some interesting work you did where getting some some rocks or something out of the out of the the river 856C: yeah well I took my team cause I didn't have no trucks in those days took my wagon and teams and hauled gravel where the river done gone down you know and got in its own course and all sides of it'd be dry you know but it'd be full of rock and gravel and stuff I took my teams and had niggers with spades you know and shovels and spade up a wagon load of that stuff and haul it on up the road about eight miles to build a concrete bridge #1 now of # Interviewer: #2 oh really # 856C: #1 course you # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: don't do that that way way now they got different new ways of doing it Interviewer: tell me about the work the building that concrete bridge 856C: well that that's {NW} my job was just to haul the gravel I had four teams I think four wagons hauling gravel there and uh they'd mix it up and make a cement out of it and stuff like that and make haul the gravel there where they took cement and buil- built the bridges Interviewer: did they ever just build a bridge just out of just gravel um built the road out of just gravel 856C: no they had a little cement to a bridge Interviewer: well what about just a regular road do they ever just pave a road just cover a road in gravel 856C: yeah Interviewer: they do what do you call those kinda roads 856C: I don't know they could call em gravel roads Interviewer: well now that's interesting that that that you you did that what with the gravel 856C: yeah Interviewer: uh 856C: see there wasn't no trucks in those days to do it with Interviewer: what about uh uh uh a little road like that might go off the main road that might in most of the main roads that you said are paved now 856C: yeah Interviewer: well what do you call those little side roads out in the country that just sort of go off 856C: you call em side roads Interviewer: oh you do 856C: yeah Interviewer: what about uh the one the roads that run like from from the public road up to your house or something is there a road when you lived in on the farm was 856C: yeah I've got a road that runs up to my house I made myself and I got the county to gravel it with trucks you know we're a large taxpayer like I was paying taxes my taxes all paying well uh if I {NW} take my driveway rocks gravel they'd county would put trucks around haul two or four loads of gravel and it roads started to get all up to my house from the main road Interviewer: what do you call that kind of a road 856C: call it a gravel road Interviewer: but I mean is that would you call it a driveway or what 856C: driveway {X} good way to put it Interviewer: well did you have a little place to go from your barn out to the lot over by your house you know there's a lot 856C: yeah Interviewer: was that a road 856C: no the little trail I call it a trail Interviewer: and uh 856C: I have my lot now pretty close to my house but it's on level ground you know on the sandy land at that you know didn't have to do no work or nothing on it Interviewer: so it was right there 856C: it was right there #1 but I # Interviewer: #2 did you have # 856C: turn my teams out into the pasture when I wasn't working em you know Interviewer: was the pasture next to the lot 856C: yeah I'd have the lot built out in the pasture close to the house when uh where there's plowing to keep em in a {X} they'd get em the daylight next morning to go feed em Interviewer: did did you you said that you were working for the highway when you built that bridge 856C: yeah Interviewer: how long did you work with the highway 856C: I worked for the highway for about three years building bridges my uncle was commissioner that's the reason I got the job he was one of the commissioners and he m- made a {D: boat there} to give me a job building bridges you know but that takes time and eight or ten bridges needs re-fixing and rebuilding and so they gave me {D: water} needs a job so I took my hands and team and fixed em Interviewer: and uh and then is that the only job you ever did besides farming 856C: that's the only job not hauling logs Interviewer: oh you did 856C: yeah Interviewer: how about that 856C: I hauled logs for Walker County {X} bout to town down there next and next to Waverly called Elmina that was a big mill and they bought {D: Tim} all out in there miles and miles around and had railroad tracks and trains running on to haul the logs flatbeds you know to haul the logs but I've hauled logs with wagons up to to put em on the track I had two wagons I'd put four mules to each wagon you know Interviewer: four mules do did you just that a team 856C: that was the best t- {NW} {X} team is two {X} I had two two horses and uh two mules they hit a limb you know help pull that heavy load four of em four of em pull it Interviewer: how long did you work for them 856C: I worked two or three years logging Interviewer: did you like that kinda work doing that 856C: well I like it when it's not raining I haven't been most of the time in the rain and you couldn't you'd s- bog down all the time Interviewer: what kind of rains do they have around here 856C: well sometimes they have heavy rains and last week ten days it rained rain spell and they're called rain spells get your ground all rotten and mucky mucky and you're bogged down I've seen {X} foot yeah Interviewer: well now uh have you heavy rain is that like uh 856C: that's some heavy that's a big rain heavy coming down fast Interviewer: so does that come uh does that last a long time or just a little while 856C: little while lasts a little while Interviewer: do you have any of those kinda rains around here where it's uh you know thun- 856C: thunderstorms yeah sometime you get a thunderstorm you get a freeze rain out of it I've seen a thunderstorm cloud form up and get black you know and it'll go rain and the rain freezes that a freeze rain out of it Interviewer: well what was it what were they like what that just that must be really terrible 856C: I don't know I've just watched em you know going and coming I've I happen again one one day going from my p- {D: parcel} my place and I stopped at a little country store out there and went ran there you know and it w- floor was all the way is a freeze rain it's a that's real hard hard that's a hard rain Interviewer: well what's the wind like in something like that 856C: wind's strong it blows a lot you know blows a lot Interviewer: well this morning there the wind the lights was on that one mile an hour that was real fly outside this morning 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call it like is if the day goes on and it begins to in the wind begins to blow more and more you'd say the wind's doing what like today the wind's beginning to uh blow harder so 856C: blow harder or ceased the wind is ceasing {NW} that's when it ain't blowing at all Interviewer: and even when it's been blowing when it's been blowing and it stops 856C: yeah it ceased Interviewer: what about when it's when it's uh been blowing when it hadn't been blowing but it starts to blow what do you call that kinda 856C: you'd call it a windstorm I reckon Interviewer: so you'd say the wind is doing what 856C: blowing hard wind is high Interviewer: uh if the wind has been real has has not been blowing at all then it begins to you say the wind is 856C: yeah Interviewer: is 856C: wind is picking up wind's picking up Interviewer: well this this is really pretty weather like today this is I don't think there's a cloud out there 856C: no it's clear it's clear today {D: pretty} Interviewer: you you'd call this a pretty day or 856C: yeah yeah you'd call it a pretty sunny time you know and no threats of rain and stuff Interviewer: what do you call the opposite kind then when it's real cloudy and not rainy but just not really raining when it's just dark and dreary outside 856C: well dark and dreary would be a good name for it Interviewer: that what you'd call that kind of day 856C: yeah dark and dreary day Interviewer: hmm that that's interesting I don't think it's gonna be that kinda day though I think it's gonna be clear all day uh what do you how do you greet people when you wake up in the morning 856C: good morning Interviewer: how long do you say that to them 856C: might just as long as from {D: movers comes in or} see see somebody come in that you haven't already spoken to you'd say good morning Interviewer: do mean how long into the day do you say good morning though 856C: 'til noon Interviewer: then what do you say 856C: good evening Interviewer: how long you say good evening 856C: good afternoon like that Interviewer: is that you say good evening good afternoon 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 either one # 856C: either one Interviewer: how how long does that do you say that 'til until when 856C: 'til the day's over with until the morning's over with it's good morning and then after twelve o'clock it's good evening 'til the oth- 'til sundown and then if it's night comes it's y'all gonna part you call em good night Interviewer: well do you do you do you ever say good night when you first meeting somebody then 856C: never unless you're surprised or something and say good night it's Interviewer: well well how do you what time does the morning start 856C: morning starts about eight o'clock here Interviewer: so so you say that you got up before 856C: before the s- before sunrise Interviewer: oh you did 856C: yeah Interviewer: you do that every 856C: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 morning # 856C: I do that every morning I've been up now ever since five o'clock Interviewer: since five o' 856C: #1 since # Interviewer: #2 clock # 856C: five o'clock Interviewer: oh today's a Monday so you'd say you'd say Sunday was when 856C: yesterday Interviewer: and Tuesday is is 856C: #1 tomorrow # Interviewer: #2 what # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 856C: tomorrow Interviewer: well how long was your your daughter here when did she come 856C: she come a week ago she came last Saturday and stayed 'til this Sunday morning Interviewer: uh last Saturday you mean Saturday day before yesterday? 856C: yeah Interviewer: she she was just here two days? 856C: no she was here a week she came on a Saturday and left on a Sunday there for a week came on a Saturday and Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday and Saturday and then her husband come Saturday night and then they left yesterday she was here for eight days here Interviewer: she was out that's a good long visit 856C: yeah Interviewer: well then when you speak of the Saturday that one that you spoke of you said that that's what the last that was Saturday 856C: Saturday before last Interviewer: what about not this coming Saturday but the one after that how do you refer to that you um 856C: Saturday Saturday week well you could say a Saturday week Interviewer: uh do you ever u- uh uh if you speaking of uh of somebody staying for longer than your daughter stayed somebody staying like from the first of the month to the fifteenth of the month 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 or something # 856C: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # how long do you say they stayed 856C: they stayed two weeks Interviewer: do you ever say another word there like they said a fort 856C: fortnight? well now that's when you stay all night Interviewer: oh really? what is that 856C: fortnight that's the way I always classed it fortnight Interviewer: just one night 856C: come one afternoon and stay that night and make that a fortnight Interviewer: and what time would you say it is right now 856C: I'd say it's half past ten o'clock Interviewer: and fifteen minutes from now it'll be what time 856C: fifteen to eleven or ten forty-five Interviewer: is there any other way of saying that 856C: no fifteen to fifteen minutes to eleven or you just ten forty-five either way you wanna put it Interviewer: would you ever say it's a qu- 856C: quarter to eleven you could say a quarter to eleven Interviewer: and you'd say it that uh that nineteen seventy-five was when was nineteen seventy-six is is this 856C: now is now this year Interviewer: and nineteen seventy-five was 856C: last year Interviewer: and uh you know what do you say that the uh the weather's doing if it's if it's a pretty day like like this day that's uh a r uh just a pretty day and the clouds start to come out and begins to get dark and all 856C: weather's changing Interviewer: what about if it's all cloudy and dark and then the and then the sun starts to come out and it gets to be a pretty day 856C: sun's out and going to have a sunny day Interviewer: so you said that 856C: #1 nice # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 856C: w- weather's changed Interviewer: so you'd say the weather's changing either 856C: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 could be either # way 856C: either way you go Interviewer: well uh what are what are those things that make the clouds what are those things you know that they're in the sky those that the rain comes from 856C: clouds Interviewer: are there different kinds of those 856C: I believe so just dark clouds and Interviewer: {NW} Well any other kind of little animals like that that fly around like that that you have around here 856C: I can't recall if there's other than a fly bull frogs they don't fly they they sort of jump you know Interviewer: Oh yes well uh what do you call a woman whose husband has died 856C: A widow Interviewer: Uh what about if would you ever heard a name for a woman whose husband just left her 856C: Yeah I've heard this She's divorced Interviewer: You'd say she's divorced if her husband 856C: She's divorced just her husband just left her She's Interviewer: Well 856C: Lost her husband he quit her he left he ran off and left her Interviewer: Well uh if a woman you know if somebody came to a woman's door and asked her if she'd like to go somewhere or something 856C: Yeah Interviewer: If she didn't want to make up her mind she might say oh I must ask what 856C: Well she must ask her husband if she's married if she don't She'll ask one of her children or something like that Interviewer: Well if she's married so she'd say I must ask 856C: Ask Jake or Jan or Sam Interviewer: So she'd call about it 856C: Yeah yeah Interviewer: Well what about you if your wife was in the living room and I came to the door and asked if you and your wife wanted to go somewhere 856C: Well I'd tell you I don't have no wife or I'll go Interviewer: Well if your life were still living though you'd say I must ask 856C: Oh yeah I must ask my wife Interviewer: And do you ever hear anything else used there besides my wife or my husband 856C: No I don't believe I have or just ask the children or something Interviewer: I mean meaning the wife 856C: Yeah in my case it'd be me asking some of my children do they object to me going somewhere Interviewer: Who took care of you when you were little 856C: I'll show all the pictures of who took care of me when I was little Interviewer: You were telling me some about it yesterday 856C: This picture right here shows the man who took care of me Uncle Bud Gus that's blind Uncle Gus there Interviewer: Now blind Uncle Gus 856C: He went blind during the Civil War with sore eye You see his walking cane He'd walk from the stores a half mile back home without anybody going with him so he used to Interviewer: Oh really 856C: But that's man that's the man he was a single man never did marry Bud Uncle Bud Gus He raised me from the time I was five years old the way I am today Interviewer: Oh yes sir 856C: He's dead now Interviewer: This is blind Uncle Gus 856C: Blind Uncle Gus that's a picture of blind Uncle Gus Interviewer: You said that happened in the Civil War did you ever call the Civil War anything else 856C: No I don't believe I have He took sore eye from the Civil War and blind went blind I don't know I never had heard anything called the Civil War Interviewer: What about your parents tell me about them 856C: Well I have father and mother and they live together part-time but they couldn't get along and they finally divorced and we had three children two sisters and me and my mother gave me to Bud Gus the man I just showed you in the picture when I was about five years old and he raised me and my sister stayed with my mother in Oklahoma until she married again and they got grown and they married and that's the history of it Interviewer: Well what did what did you call your father 856C: Daddy Interviewer: Was there ever anything else you used there 856C: Papa Interviewer: Anything else just daddy and papa 856C: No Interviewer: What about your mom 856C: Call her mother or mama Interviewer: You ever hear anything else there 856C: No never heard Some folks call them by their name you know but I was raised different you know Interviewer: be polite to my parents 856C: What about your uh your father's father what would you call hims He was a good businessman and he bought land and put up a he owned a lake and farm and made a contract with the state {D: to convict} women on it And give the state half the profits And he'd done that for forty years That's my grandfather on my daddy's sides and my grandfather on my mother's side I told you yesterday {B} {D: the bear hunting judge} Interviewer: Well would you call him grandfather or what would you call him 856C: Grandpa or grandfather Interviewer: Do you ever hear any older people use anything besides Grandpa 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: Or any younger people using it 856C: No Interviewer: What is your 856C: Granddaddy you call them granddaddy Interviewer: What about his wife what would you call her 856C: Whose wife my daddy's wife Interviewer: Your grandfather's 856C: Grandpa and and I'd call her grandmother I'd call her grandmother my grandpa's wife I'd call grandmother Interviewer: Do you ever hear anything else there besides grandmother like 856C: {NW} Ma they'd call them ma or something like that somebody that didn't have any sense you know It wouldn't be polite to the parents Interviewer: You're talking about your grandmother 856C: Yeah they Interviewer: Call her ma 856C: Yeah they call her ma Interviewer: Well what do you ever hear any names like any kind of name like for a small baby just that you 856C: Infant call him an infant Interviewer: Well if you were on the street or something and there was a woman there with a baby you'd say well that sure is a pretty 856C: Child Interviewer: And if you didn't know the baby's name what would you call it did you have any name that you'd call it if you didn't know his name 856C: No I wouldn't have no name on the child or or certainly a beautiful infant Interviewer: Well what did your uncle Bud Gus call you 856C: He called me son Interviewer: Did you ever hear anything else there used like son wasn't really your name people might call you 856C: Well they call me now today they call me {B} the name but they call me Hyde for nickname Hyde My wife called me Height And a lot of people call me Hyde and a lot of people call me Hun I don't know why they put that name to me but I I reply back you know in the same way hun I put that name out some way or another and everybody in town knows me as Hun {B} Interviewer: You ever here any other names like that around here people would use like uh other kind of nicknames like that 856C: No Interviewer: That you can think of 856C: I can't think so Interviewer: Well your sister-in-law was telling me that you used some interesting names for some of the niggers on farms 856C: Oh yeah I know Interviewer: Tell me some of them 856C: Some of them was named Sunny Hardman He was a nigger farmer with me he lived with me we lived making crops with me and then some was Arthur O'Brien He had a wife and fifteen children Interviewer: But she said that you knew some nicknames for them for some of them 856C: Oh nicknames Well one nigger named Dick His name was Richard but they called him Dick and uh I can't recall right now what kind of names did give him Interviewer: His wife {X} like tadpole or something like that 856C: I don't know about tadpole Interviewer: Remember any names like that nicknames 856C: No Interviewer: Would you have any general kind of nickname you'd use it but for a baby just talking about babies 856C: Darling you'd call them darling child something like that Interviewer: Well if you had a baby and you had it what would you put the baby in to take him for a little you know out 856C: You'd take him in a little bucket and you'd take him and walk A lot of people didn't have those buckets you know they weren't able to buy them Would just push them along you know push them along But some of them would take them in their arms you know and carry them Interviewer: Well the buggy was the one that you'd the baby would 856C: Ride in You'd put him in there and it'd hold and fasten him in and he' You shove it and they ride in it on wheels Interviewer: Would would you lie down would the baby lie down 856C: No he'd just sit up Interviewer: You ever see one that the baby could lie down in 856C: Cradle I've seen a cradle the baby can lie down in which usually rolling along and just put you in a room and is like a bed you know but it had upholstering to it where it couldn't fall out You lay it down when it goes to sleep and put it in that Interviewer: Would you ever saw something with wheels on it that the baby could lie down in any kind of anything that you could lay the baby down in and then uh rolling riding in it 856C: Well they have some today that you do that but I don't know the name of it Interviewer: Well what about uh uh if a woman was going to have a child what would you say you'd say she's what 856C: She's pregnant Interviewer: Have you ever heard anything else there 856C: N- n- She's with a baby Uh she's pregnant Uh she's uh I don't know just those two names Interviewer: Well any ever heard something like a woman might say to another woman or or any joking way of talking about her or anything 856C: No Only I'm pregnant or I'm going to have a baby Interviewer: What about if uh if would there be any different term if a woman doesn't have a husband or something 856C: Well it'd be a different term she's Done got got with a child and unmarried Interviewer: So how would you say that is that how you'd say its 856C: I forgot how you would say it Most of the time you'd say that woman played hell That's what Well married you're gonna have a child and not married you know You'd say she's gonna have a bastard child Interviewer: And so you'd call the child a bastard 856C: Bastard child Interviewer: Have you ever heard a bastard child called anything else 856C: No never have Interviewer: Is there any joking way talking about that like would you say she got herself 856C: She got herself in trouble or got herself in a jam or something something like that Interviewer: Well if a woman was going to have a baby and she didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby what would you call the woman that she might send for 856C: Granny or granny Interviewer: Have you ever heard a granny called anything else 856C: Never have Interviewer: Any name that other people might use 856C: No just called her granny She'd be probably the nigger woman or white woman or something that knew how to deliver a baby without a doctor you know #1 and then # Interviewer: #2 Well # If uh if the woman had a baby and the baby grew up and had the same nose and eyes as his father did you'd say that boy what 856C: That boy got her pregnant and didn't marry her Interviewer: But 856C: He's the father of that child Interviewer: and then so you might know who the father 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Because you could look at the 856C: Yeah Interviewer: The child 856C: That's right Interviewer: So you'd say the child what the father 856C: The child is a child of that fathers Interviewer: But talking about how they look the s- 856C: Yeah they look the same got the same nose mouth and eyes Interviewer: So you'd say the child re- would you say the child resembles or favors 856C: Resembles Use the word resembles Resembles the boy or favor either one Interviewer: Well what about uh if you were talking about them acting the same if uh if a child grew up you know was living with his mother and father and if it was a young boy or something and he acted if his actions were the same as his father's you know if they had the same mannerisms 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say how would you say that 856C: Well he's the child of he's a bastard child and a child of Sam Jones or something like that Interviewer: No I mean uh if Sam Jones and this woman he got pregnant got married 856C: Yeah Interviewer: and then they they live for a while together and the child grew up and acted had the same mannerisms as his father 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say the child what his father 856C: His his child just like his daddy his father Interviewer: Would you say would it make any difference what you said if uh if you didn't like the way the child acted or if you liked the actions 856C: Yeah it'd make a difference Interviewer: How would you say it 856C: Well you'd say he's held just like his daddy is or or either he's a good child just like his daddy is Interviewer: And what about uh uh if uh if uh a woman's name were Martha and uh she had a child and the child was named Martha you'd say the little girl was what was named what her mother 856C: Named after her mother I have that same instance with me Interviewer: Oh really 856C: I have a child named Mary after its mother And I have a sister-in-law named Mary Martha Interviewer: I didn't realize that 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well uh when you were a child did you ever get in trouble and get punished for it 856C: Well I never got into trouble I My uncle Gus I was living with had a beautiful watermelon patch and I'd go in there and night and get me a melon me and a nigger or two and eat it so he discovered that some of his melons was missing and he knew who it was he knew it was me so he put a nigger down there at the watermelon patch at night with a shotgun and so we went down there me and this nigger and we got into the patch and that nigger raised up and pulled a shotgun up in the air you know and shot and scared us and we ran away and we never did go back to the watermelon patch Interviewer: Well when you were did he ever catch you for doing something say I'm gonna what would 856C: How's that Interviewer: Did your uncle ever catch you you know for acting wrong or something 856C: No never did only in that instance stealing watermelons when I was a child Interviewer: Uh well did he ever uh you know say you he was going to turn you over his knee and 856C: and spank me Interviewer: Did you ever get a spanking 856C: Never did I never did get a lick from my Uncle Gus at all My mother either one Interviewer: What about your children 856C: My children we spanked them a little time not much Interviewer: Well 856C: I got one child spanked once and I never did spank no more and that's Mary Martha and Mary Martha is the one I spanked Interviewer: Well when you speak of spanking would it make any difference what do you mean when you speak of spanking 856C: You hit them in the back end of the behind you know with your hand flat Interviewer: and 856C: Three or four licks Interviewer: What about if it was uh would it make any difference what they did or how what if it was more severe than that 856C: Well most of them there she does have to give them a whooping Interviewer: Now what is that 856C: A whooping is a little piece of brush uh a little piece of wood and spank them good with it and hit them with it on the legs and everything Interviewer: That would hurt 856C: Yeah that'd hurt more Interviewer: Anything stronger than that 856C: No Interviewer: Anything less than a spanking 856C: Shaking get him by the arms and shake him and teach him well and tell him you've done wrong or something like that Interviewer: Well what about uh if would it make any difference if you were doing this like the younger boys or older boys or anything if you had older boys who did something wrong would you say you were gonna give them a spanking or or a whooping 856C: You'd say you'd give them a whooping Interviewer: And what about though if it was a younger boys 856C: You'd give them a spanking Interviewer: And uh could you speak of giving an adult a spanking or a whooping 856C: Well not good you couldn't get by it you know they'd leave home you know but on a child you go hitting him he'd just pick up and leave Interviewer: Well so what would you how would you speak of that what would you do to an adult 856C: Talk to him Teach him what's best and what's worst Interviewer: Are any have you ever heard those things called anything else 856C: Never have Interviewer: Well uh your you had a brother s 856C: No I didn't have a brother I just had two sisters Interviewer: But your sister's son is your what 856C: Nephew Interviewer: And what would you call a child who had lost his father and his mother 856C: An orphan Interviewer: And who would be the person that looked after the child and all 856C: Well generally someone The father's or mother's parents would look after the child uncle or if he had an older brother or older sister would look after Interviewer: So you'd say that was the child's legal what 856C: Legal statute Interviewer: Would you ever say that was the child's legal guar- 856C: Legal guardian Yeah {NW} Interviewer: and uh if you were gonna have a party and invite all your cousins and nieces and nephews and all those people you'd say you were gonna invite all what 856C: All my kin folks Interviewer: Yeah what about the people in your house would you know if when you were when you had when all your family was home would you call them your kin folks 856C: {X} I'd I'd call my wife my wife and my children my children Interviewer: So just your wife and your children would be your what 856C: Be my family Interviewer: What about your grandparents what would you call them 856C: I'd call them grandmother and grandfather Interviewer: So would you say they were your kin folks 856C: Yeah Interviewer: or family 856C: They're the same as my kin folks Interviewer: Uh well if I said I saw a man down the street that looked just like you Mister {B} and he said his name was {B} then you might say well we have the same last name but we what if you weren't related you'd say 856C: Would no kin What would you call somebody like me who's never been in town before nobody knows here that just comes into town you'd say he was a a what Stranger Interviewer: Would it make any difference how far he came from 856C: Well it wouldn't make no difference he's from the state of Georgia and I'm saying he's a stranger here and they say he's from Georgia Interviewer: Well what about if he was from Japan or or 856C: Oh well that'd be different Interviewer: What would you say to something like that 856C: He's a he's not American he's a Chinese he just drifted in here Interviewer: What about somebody in England or something you'd say that person was a what 856C: Was an Englishman American Interviewer: Would you ever use the word foreigner 856C: Yeah use the word foreigner on somebody like from India or either Japan now coming into the United States if we didn't know we'd call him a foreigner come from Mexico Interviewer: Well when you were a child was there anybody around here who might say he was a preacher and would preach occasionally 856C: Yeah Interviewer: But not really do a very good job 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you call somebody like that 856C: Well you'd call him a A no-good preacher he's a preacher but he doesn't know the Bible Interviewer: Would you ever would you ever speak of somebody as being jackleg preacher anything like that 856C: Well I have heard of such of that Interviewer: What does that mean 856C: Jackleg preacher just half preacher don't know what he's preaching on Interviewer: Well could you ever speak of anybody else being jackleg 856C: Yeah jackleg bootlegger Jackleg preacher Interviewer: Well now so what would a jackleg bootlegger be somebody that didn't make good whiskey 856C: Yeah somebody that's peddling whiskey you know and wasn't doing it legally Manufactures his own whiskey Interviewer: Well could you ever speak of a bootlegger not being jackleg 856C: No I believe you just call him a bootlegger Interviewer: Well what about a carpenter or something 856C: Carpenter He's a Expert carpenter Or he's a good carpenter Interviewer: Could you speak of a jackleg carpenter 856C: Well no you speak of a jackleg carpenter he wouldn't be much of a carpenter Interviewer: What about a jackleg lawyer 856C: Well that'd be he's a lawyer but he's no good You know jackleg lawyer Interviewer: Could you speak of a jackleg teacher 856C: Yeah speak of a jackleg teacher Interviewer: Could you ever speak of a jackleg governor 856C: Well you might could He's he's got a position he's hold he's not qualified for it He's governor but he's not qualified to be governor Interviewer: What about a jackleg doctor or something like that 856C: Well same thing part of that Interviewer: You said you could say that 856C: They the same thing you could say that In other words they're not an excellent doctor or excellent preacher Just jackleg just picked up the business off handed you know and doesn't know what he's actually doing Interviewer: Well what relation would my mother's sister be to me 856C: Your mother's sister to you would be aunt Interviewer: So you'd say that was 856C: Aunt Dora Interviewer: So you wouldn't say it was uh if you were speaking you wouldn't say that's not my aunt that would be your 856C: John's aunt Interviewer: Or your 856C: Your your aunt Interviewer: Well uh uh were you in World War 856C: No Interviewer: Or did you ever 856C: I I never did serve in no war I was either too young or too old Interviewer: What do you call the commander of the armed forces 856C: Commander in chief Interviewer: And then he might be a four star 856C: General Interviewer: What about somebody are there some other titles like that like in Kentucky Fried Chicken what's the man's name 856C: Kentucky Fried Chicken I know what you're talking about I can't recall the name of it Interviewer: Uh would you ever speak of him that man's name is Sanders 856C: Sanders Interviewer: But you wouldn't call him Mister Sanders you'd call him 856C: I don't know Interviewer: Well uh uh would you ever call is there a title like col- 856C: Kern Interviewer: Colonel 856C: Colonel oh yeah colonel Interviewer: What is that 856C: He's a colonel in the army or armed forces He's not a general but he's a he's a colonel Interviewer: Do you know any colonels 856C: No I don't know any Interviewer: What about the man who's in charge of the ship what would you call him 856C: You I don't know what you'd call him unless you'd call him commander of the ship He wouldn't be called a colonel would he Interviewer: Did you ever call him a ca- 856C: He's captain You call him captain of a ship Interviewer: Would you ever use captain anywhere else 856C: Well you could and my grandfather was in his country because they called him captain captain Interviewer: Where else anywhere else like uh uh would 856C: A football team they have a captain on the football team Interviewer: Well you know your grandfather working with those convicts were they white men 856C: They were niggers Interviewer: So would it be something just niggers would use to a white employee or would anybody use it 856C: They call him captain Interviewer: Do you ever hear white people call their employer a captain 856C: No Interviewer: And what do you call a person who goes to college you'd say he was a a what 856C: College student Interviewer: Would you call a student if a person went to high school would you say he was as 856C: High school student Interviewer: What about uh to elementary school 856C: Well the same way he goes to the elementary school he's a student at elementary high school Interviewer: Well what do you call a woman who might do your typing for you handle your 856C: Stenographer Interviewer: Would you ever uh hear another word there like somebody who uh 856C: Typist Interviewer: Uh 856C: You use typist Interviewer: What is your sister in law's job 856C: She's a stenographer down there at Gibb Brothers Interviewer: Did you ever hear uh that called anything else 856C: Not that I know Interviewer: You might say she 856C: Typist Interviewer: Mister Gibbs' private 856C: Private Interviewer: Se- 856C: Secretary private secretary Interviewer: What about uh do you watch television very much 856C: Not much not since my wife died Interviewer: What do you call the women on television who play on movies and stuff 856C: Stars Call them stars Interviewer: So you'd say she's a real good 856C: Movie star Interviewer: Well you wouldn't say she was an actor 856C: No Interviewer: You'd say she's a real good a- 856C: Actress actress Interviewer: And uh and do you ever hear niggers called anything else besides negroes or niggers 856C: Well I hear lately they call them negroes All I know them is niggers Interviewer: Ever heard anything else though 856C: No colored they call them colored person Interviewer: And tell me about that like who calls them by these different things 856C: Well a nigger is a colored man He's a black race of people Now they're called the black race of people you know since they're all been converted and everything and uh they'd call they'd have nicknames for them and all like that you know Interviewer: Well would uh uh would you call them would you call different ones negroes and niggers or do you call them all does it make any difference 856C: You call them by their names Interviewer: Would you uh did you use words like negro and nigger in different places 856C: Yeah different places Interviewer: Where would you use them 856C: Well you'd be talking to somebody about a nigger and then nowadays you talk of the negroes Interviewer: And what about us people like us how do you refer to our you'd say we aren't niggers we're 856C: We're white race we're Americans we're American people Interviewer: So uh is there any other way saying that then you said we're white race 856C: Yeah we're white race Interviewer: Any other way of saying white race 856C: No American race Interviewer: Well have you ever heard any other word though used there like uh uh you know he's just an old if somebody like uh what about somebody like out in the country somebody who'd never been to town or anything 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Just sort of a real backwoods what would you call somebody like that 856C: I don't know what you'd call him Interviewer: Well would you ever hear any names for like like very poor white people 856C: Yeah very poor white people Interviewer: What would you call them 856C: You'd call them very poor white people or very low class of people Interviewer: Any other words you'd use there you'd say well they're just 856C: Common people Interviewer: What does common mean 856C: Common means you're just common you you don't have no education or nothing like that you know You're just common person Interviewer: Well do you ever use a word like if you were talking about uh a girl named Sally or something would you Sally is very common would that what would that mean 856C: That would mean that she's practically no good or something like that Interviewer: Could you ever use that complimentary 856C: Yeah you use that complimentary Complimen- complimenting Say she's sure a fine girl a pretty girl or something like that Interviewer: But you couldn't say she was common and be 856C: No Interviewer: That wouldn't be nice 856C: No it wouldn't be nice Interviewer: Would you ever hear words like redneck or 856C: Redneck No Interviewer: Ever heard that or peckerwood 856C: Peckerwood I've heard of peckerwood with that Peckerwood is a bird that flies on the side of a tree and pick holes in the tree to eat Bark and stuff That's called a peckerwood and he's a bird Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people called peckerwoods 856C: No never have Interviewer: Have you ever heard a peckerwood called anything else 856C: Never have heard a peckerwood called anything else Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a cracker 856C: Cracker yeah I've heard of cracker Well there's two crackers there's boxes of crackers you eat and there's a whip that you can crack and pop you know you call that a cracker Interviewer: Have you ever heard of people called crackers or anything 856C: No I never have Interviewer: Have you ever heard name for like a people who live way back in the 856C: Pinewoods He's way back in the pinewoods he lives way back in the pinewoods he's no good or he's common Interviewer: Now when would you use that who would you be talking about there 856C: When talking about the man who lives way back in the woods he doesn't know any news or hear anything hasn't got no education or nothing Interviewer: Well uh would uh would you could you ever call like a like the president pinewoods or 856C: No no Interviewer: Or what about uh have you ever heard you've never heard of a person called a cracker though 856C: Never have heard {NW} Interviewer: Well what would you call a child who has who has some white blood and some nigger blood 856C: Call him a bastard child or he's American half nigger and half white Interviewer: Do you ever hear any other names there 856C: I don't believe I have Interviewer: Uh what about if you just had a little nigger blood a long time ago 856C: He's inherited from nigger blood from years past Interviewer: Well would you have any name for people with real light colored skin you know could pass either way 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you call them 856C: You'd call them you don't know what to call them you don't know what they are Interviewer: So what would the word you use there be 856C: I don't know whether you'd use the word colored or not there Interviewer: Would you ever hear a word like mulatta or something like that 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What's that 856C: That's a different kind of blood mulatto I think it is Interviewer: Is it part nigger or what 856C: Part nigger and part white Interviewer: Have you ever heard of Cajuns 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What are they 856C: They a lot of Cajuns live in Louisiana They're a race of people like They got French blood in them and American blood in them all mixed up Cajun Interviewer: Well uh uh you know we were talking about the like the pinewoods people 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well would niggers ever call them anything different 856C: No I'd always call them a nigger until here lately you've kind of got the spectrum you know the government's behind them and you call them negroes or black race Interviewer: Well would a nigger though ever call a poor white person anything different would you would you hear 856C: No unless he said a damn white man or something like that Interviewer: Well uh what would you call uh what would the people who work for you on the farm call you 856C: Hands Interviewer: Well what would they call you 856C: They call me mister Mister {B} Interviewer: They call you mister {N} Would you ever hear anything else any older terms 856C: Uh-uh Interviewer: What'd they call your grandpa 856C: Captain {B} Interviewer: And would you ever hear like would what about if you had the white people working for you would they call you {B} and uh would you ever hear of a hoosier as a kind of person 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: And uh 856C: I don't know what a hoosier is Interviewer: Well um would you have anything with somebody like a pinewoods man you know who come into town and you see him on the street just sort of looking right not knowing which way to go what would you call somebody like that 856C: Call him must be a damn fool or something like that Interviewer: Well what do you call this part of 856C: Forehead Your forehead Interviewer: And uh and this 856C: Your head and hair Interviewer: So if you had hair right here what would you call it 856C: Well I don't know they've got Everybody has got it there now they look like fools to me I don't know what they what you call that mustache Interviewer: All over 856C: All over Mustache going all down his neck and on his face and everything Interviewer: Would you ever hear some other word there though 856C: No Interviewer: Like a bear- 856C: Beard Yeah I heard it called beard Interviewer: And what do you call this 856C: Ear Interviewer: Well which one my left 856C: Left Interviewer: And my 856C: Right ear Interviewer: What do you call this 856C: Your mouth Interviewer: And in my mouth 856C: Teeth Interviewer: And one just one of them though you call one 856C: Tooth Interviewer: What do you call this part right here 856C: Call it the neck Interviewer: And the thing inside 856C: Throat Interviewer: You know there's a thing that goes up and down there 856C: Goozle Call it the goozle Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything else 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: And um what about the stuff that your teeth are in 856C: Gums Interviewer: And this part 856C: Your hand the palm of your hand Interviewer: And I have two 856C: Two Interviewer: Two 856C: Two ten fingers Interviewer: But uh 856C: Two hands and ten fingers Interviewer: What do you call these 856C: Knucks Interviewer: You'd say 856C: Boxing Interviewer: You call them your knucks 856C: Knucks fist #1 Call them # Interviewer: #2 That the same # 856C: Fist yeah Interviewer: So one 856C: Is is a fist Interviewer: And two 856C: Two knucks Interviewer: So would you say one fist and two knucks 856C: Yeah one fist and two two knucks one knuck Interviewer: Would you ever say two 856C: two knucks Interviewer: Or two 856C: Two fists Interviewer: What do you call a place where you can bend you'd say 856C: Your arms your muscle Interviewer: You'd say you were real sore in the 856C: Yeah in the palm of your hand or your wrist Interviewer: In the j- 856C: In the joint or wrist Interviewer: Well if you were sore in your joints it might be because you had an old people's disease 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What's that disease 856C: Uh let me see what's the name of that disease Interviewer: Would you ever hear it called rheu- 856C: No Interviewer: Ar- 856C: Right r- Interviewer: Rheumat- 856C: Rheumatism Interviewer: Is that what it is 856C: Yeah it'd be rheumatism or either another name they got for it now Interviewer: Ar- 856C: Arthritis Interviewer: What do you call this part of your body 856C: Chest Arms elbows shoulders Interviewer: And uh and this thing here 856C: That's your leg Interviewer: And this is my 856C: Toes foot feet Interviewer: And uh this part of your leg right here the 856C: That's the limb I reckon Interviewer: You'd say she kicked me in the the sh- 856C: On the thigh Interviewer: Did you ever call this the shins or the shanks 856C: Shanks call it shanks Interviewer: And what about this part right here then 856C: That's your leg hip bone Interviewer: If I was like this you'd say I was doing what 856C: Squatting Interviewer: Or you'd say I got down on my 856C: On your hunkers or on your knees or something Interviewer: And well you know if you were if you had been sick or something and been in bed for a long time and you just weren't feeling too well but you were up around again and I might see you on the street and say well I'm glad to see you're up but you still look a little bit 856C: Pale a little bit bad Interviewer: Is there any other word you could use there 856C: A little bit weak Interviewer: How would you say you felt though if you looked that way 856C: Well you'd say I feel I feel kind of funny or kind of weak Interviewer: And uh if somebody couldn't hear you'd say he was stone 856C: Stone deaf Interviewer: And what about if he uh if he could uh if somebody can't hear well you'd say he's just a little 856C: Little deaf Interviewer: And uh uh what about if uh if you went out and you worked hard all day and you came back in you took your shirt off and just worn all over you'd say look how I 856C: Sweat look how I've perspired Got really wet Interviewer: And what would you call a sore place like a little discharge sore you know that comes to a head 856C: Yeah rising Call it a rising bunion or something Interviewer: Would you ever hear that called anything else like a bo- a boil 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: You've never heard a rising called a boil 856C: No Interviewer: What about when the rising opens what's the stuff that comes out of it called 856C: Busted it got right Interviewer: So what's the stuff that comes out called 856C: Pus Interviewer: Any other names for it 856C: Corruption Interviewer: And you said a rising how many cores does it have just one 856C: Just one I reckon I don't know Interviewer: Have you ever seen one with a lot of cores 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you call that 856C: I don't know what you'd call it but you'd just call it a lot of cores She's got a bunion on her Interviewer: So would you call that a ri- 856C: Rising too Interviewer: Well if your arm you know you've got infected or something you'd say it would do what it would like get big 856C: Like get might swell swollen Interviewer: And you'd say yesterday my hand got infected and began to 856C: Swell yeah swell up begin to th- Interviewer: Do what 856C: Begin to swell up or hurt Interviewer: And uh if you had a blister where would you cut it to let it drain 856C: When it's just white head becomes white And then you puncture it with a knife or a pin or something and drain it out Interviewer: What's the stuff that comes out 856C: Pus Interviewer: Out of a blister 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything else 856C: Never have Interviewer: Like water or {X} or anything like that 856C: No corruption I've heard it called corruption Interviewer: Even in a blister is that the same 856C: Yeah Interviewer: The clear stuff that comes 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well what's the you say the best time is when it what about if you were cooking something with a stove and you touch the hot stove you know and you got a place on your hand 856C: You blistered it Interviewer: And now what would you call the stuff inside there 856C: Call it a blister I don't know what you'd call what would be in it but it'd be water or something Interviewer: And what would be the best time to open that up 856C: When the heads become white you know up top Let me go in here Interviewer: Oh certainly {NS} Well what would you call it if you got shot or something you'd say you had a bad what 856C: Bad arm or something got shot Interviewer: Well you'd say the doctor had to look at the what the w- 856C: The wound Interviewer: Did you ever see a wound you know that somebody didn't take care of and it'd have little white grainy stuff all over it 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What do you call that kind 856C: We call that blood poison or something Interviewer: So you'd say did you ever hear it called some kind of uh flesh or something 856C: No Interviewer: Ever heard of proud flesh 856C: Oh yeah proud flesh Interviewer: What's that 856C: That's skin that has turned to pus Interviewer: Is that what 856C: Got infected Interviewer: What do you do with proud flesh 856C: You cut it out you take I think a knife or something and cut the proud flesh out Interviewer: Well do you keep something in your medicine cabinet or something that you might put on your finger if you get a cut a little bottle with a skull and cross bones on it 856C: No I don't but I should do it Interviewer: What 856C: Mercurochrome or something like that you put on your face cut Interviewer: Would you ever hear of something that little brown liquid that stings is that it 856C: Yeah that's mercurochrome Interviewer: Ever heard of that called something like 856C: Iodine Interviewer: Is that the same thing 856C: Same thing Interviewer: Well what about when you were a child people whenever you'd get malaria 856C: Yeah I- that's caused by mosquito bites Interviewer: Oh what would they give the tonic for it 856C: I don't know what they'd do they'd fix up some kind of medicine and give them Interviewer: Have you ever heard of some kind of little white pill they'd give them 856C: No I never have Interviewer: Qui- quinine or quinine 856C: Quinine you give them quinine Interviewer: And uh if somebody uh you know got shot and just didn't recover you'd say that he did what 856C: He died Interviewer: Is there any other way of saying that 856C: Well I suppose it is but I can't if he didn't get well he's injured He's injured Interviewer: Is there any other way of saying he died like you know like to save people's feelings or something 856C: Yeah he I can't recall Interviewer: If any uh what about uh if it was somebody that nobody liked very much they were sort of glad 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say well that old {X} finally 856C: Finally died the old son of a bitch Interviewer: So would you 856C: Yeah Interviewer: That he died 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well like if you didn't know why he died I don't know what he died 856C: With what he died Interviewer: Where would he be buried 856C: He'd be buried out in the cemetery somewhere somewhere he'd be buried Interviewer: Would you ever hear a cemetery called something else 856C: Graveyard Interviewer: Is that the same thing 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What about the little kind like you might see around a church or out at the old farm or something 856C: Well that's a graveyard Interviewer: What do you call the wooden box that people 856C: Coffin Interviewer: Ever heard of that called anything else 856C: No Interviewer: Uh like a 856C: Wooden box or frame Interviewer: You ever heard a coffin called anything else 856C: No Interviewer: And then uh what about uh the service you'd say that everybody turned out for his 856C: For his services Interviewer: Well what services do you call the ceremony 856C: Ceremony would be called the be called uh Interviewer: A fu- 856C: Funeral Interviewer: And uh what would you call the people who dressed in black you'd say they were in 856C: Dressed in black Well you're not speaking about pallbearers are you Interviewer: The people like the family you'd say they were in the widow was in 856C: Mourning or something like that Interviewer: And uh if somebody uh uh you know did children when you were a child ever die of some kind of a very severe sore throat with blisters on the inside 856C: Huh Interviewer: What was that called 856C: That was called sore throat Interviewer: Did you ever hear it called dip 856C: Diphtheria diphtheria Interviewer: And what about did anybody ever have a disease that made their skin turn yellow 856C: Well I suppose so but I don't know of any Oh yeah cancer will make your skin turn yellow I saw a friend of mine a good friend of mine the other day had been out of work for five months on account of his liver had a bad liver and had been living in Houston at the hospital and I saw him and I didn't recognize him he had a yellow color Interviewer: Hmm 856C: And he said they had cancer Interviewer: Well did you ever hear like a disease like your skin and your eyeballs turn yellow like jau- yellow jaun- 856C: Yellow jau- yellow jaundice Interviewer: Did you ever hear that 856C: Yeah I heard that Interviewer: Well what would you call it if you had to have your appendix taken out you'd say you had 856C: Operation Interviewer: A case of of 856C: Appendicitis Interviewer: And where would you go to have that done 856C: You'd got to the hospital Interviewer: And at the hospital a doctor and a 856C: Nurse Interviewer: And uh when a child you know might go to kindergarten 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And then from the kindergarten he'd go into what 856C: High school Interviewer: But before that he'd go he'd start in the you'd say are you in the third grade and you'd say no he's just a he's in the 856C: First grade or he's in the eighth grade Interviewer: Did you ever hear the first grade called anything else 856C: No Interviewer: And in the first grade you would sit at a what 856C: You'd sit at a bench a little basically sit at a table Interviewer: Did the what about at high school what would you sit at 856C: You'd sit at in a desk Interviewer: Would they have a lot of those 856C: Yeah Interviewer: About how many 856C: Oh as many students would be in a class That's the place you'd sit them all in and you've got a little table in front of you with it you know Interviewer: So you'd say you'd have at least five what in the room 856C: Five students Interviewer: Or so five students would mean five de- 856C: Desks Interviewer: And what do you call a building like in a college or something where they keep all the books 856C: Library Interviewer: And if you went downtown you might go down to mail a package at the 856C: Post office Interviewer: And where do you stay in town if you're a stranger you go to the 856C: Go to the chamber of commerce if you're a stranger Interviewer: And you want to spend the night at the 856C: At the hotel Interviewer: And if you wanted to see a play or something where would you go to see that 856C: You'd go to the picture show or high school or something like that Interviewer: Is there any older name for a picture show 856C: Theater Interviewer: And uh where would you go to catch the train 856C: Go to the depot Interviewer: You ever hear the depot called anything else 856C: Call it train or station Interviewer: The rail 856C: Rail station rail road call it a rail road station Interviewer: What do you call that place around the courthouse there that's the what 856C: That's the {NS} You would say there was a yard Interviewer: Well the open place there though 856C: I know you call that a Interviewer: All those buildings are on the 856C: On the call that a square Interviewer: And uh and the courthouse is here because Huntsville is the what 856C: County seat Interviewer: Well if uh if this chair doesn't sit straight with the wall it's sitting at an angle 856C: Yeah Interviewer: So you'd say it was what to the corner 856C: It's it's diagnostic It's either it's Interviewer: Ca- would you ever say it was catty corner or 856C: Catty corner Interviewer: {X} 856C: Yeah you'd say catty corner with the wall Interviewer: And uh when you were in Houston when you were younger what did you ride in on the street 856C: Rode or walked in the street either got a buggy when I was younger now they had buggy service Interviewer: Did they ever have a thing that ran on a 856C: Street cars you're talking about street cars yeah they had street cars Interviewer: What did you say you might pull that little string you know 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say I 856C: I want to get off at the next corner Interviewer: And uh what about did you ever have a cat or anything 856C: A what Interviewer: Cat as a pet 856C: No I never have Interviewer: Well if you had a cat and it was rubbing up against the door there you know you might say the cat what 856C: Cat is itching Interviewer: And the cat wants 856C: Wants outdoors Interviewer: And uh what are the police supposed to do they're supposed to maintain what 856C: Maintain the city with violations {X} violations you know rescue people Interviewer: And uh and uh so you say they're supposed to maintain law law would you ever say they were supposed to keep the take care of the law 856C: Yeah Interviewer: How would you say that they're supposed to maintain 856C: Maintain law and order Interviewer: And uh when you were a child did they ever do any how did they kill murderers or something 856C: Well they hang them Interviewer: They did tell me about that 856C: Well I know when in Houston where a nigger married a woman and she had a lot of cattle and little money so he married her and he come to Huntsville and got some poison medicine and gave it to her said the doctor said to take that and he killed her and they hung him and he got all the cattle you know and sold them got the money so they had his trial and they hung him over there {X} on the rail road track Interviewer: Did you see that 856C: No I didn't see but right I was living at that time though That was about nineteen five Interviewer: Well before did anybody ever do that to themself you'd say 856C: Yeah they killed themself Interviewer: They said the man went out and 856C: Sh- Interviewer: If he did it with a rope though you'd say 856C: Hung himself Interviewer: And uh what are some of the states around here you know the around here the other states 856C: States or counties Interviewer: The states 856C: There's uh state Louisiana Oklahoma Arkansas and California or something like that There's about five counties joining Walker County here Interviewer: And this Walker County is in what state 856C: Texas Interviewer: And uh do you know any other states though like what's the capital of the country 856C: Well the capital of Oklahoma would be uh Interviewer: Of the United States 856C: Capital Washington Washington DC is the capital of the United States Interviewer: What are the names of churches around here 856C: Methodist Baptist different names for them Interviewer: And if some people decided they wanted to become members of the church you'd say they gave what 856C: They joined they joined the church Interviewer: And who you'd say they they go to church to pray to who would they pray to in church 856C: Pray for for theirself Interviewer: To you pray to 856C: Pray to confession religion I reckon Interviewer: But uh in church you say they wanted to go to church to worship 856C: The preacher Interviewer: Would you say they went to worship the preacher 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And uh but the preacher you'd say was the person who was supposed to interpret the word of 856C: God Interviewer: What would what did the preacher preaches a what 856C: Sermon Interviewer: And what does the choir do they provide 856C: They provide the music and singing Interviewer: And if you liked it a lot you'd say that music was very what today 856C: Very beautiful sounded very beautiful Interviewer: And uh if uh if you had a change a flat tire or something on the way to church you'd say that uh well church was over but uh what 856C: Before I got there Interviewer: Uh or if you were changing the tire you'd say well if we don't hurry 856C: We'll be late for church Interviewer: You'd say church will be over 856C: Yeah when we get there Interviewer: Would you ever say by the church will be over 856C: By the time we get it fixed Interviewer: And uh when you were a child did people ever try to scare you like keep you in line by saying so and so is going to get you 856C: No Interviewer: Who would did you ever hear that 856C: Yeah I've heard that Interviewer: What would they say who would they say 856C: Say you'd better watch out somebody is gonna get you Interviewer: Who would they say was gonna get 856C: They Well they just said they're gonna get you law somebody else some boyfriend or girlfriend is gonna get you Interviewer: Well what about uh did they ever say anything like if you don't watch out the de- the de- the devil 856C: The devil will get you Interviewer: Did you ever say that 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Did they ever call the devil anything else 856C: Not that I know of Interviewer: Well uh like when you speak of the devil do you mean the man with the horns and the pitchfork 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Is that how 856C: I speak of the devil he's down underground in in in the Interviewer: And uh 856C: place where you die when you don't live right Interviewer: And uh did people were people ever scared of something getting them like a graveyard at night or something 856C: Yeah ghost they'd be afraid of ghosts Interviewer: And uh where would they say the ghost live if there was an old house that nobody liked to go near they'd say that it was a what kind of house 856C: An old house a ghost house Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else like a hau- a hau- 856C: No Interviewer: A haunted house 856C: A haunted house haunted Interviewer: And who 856C: They call it a haunted house Interviewer: Who would live in a haunted house 856C: Nobody nobody lived in a haunted house Interviewer: But people would think 856C: Yeah Interviewer: That 856C: They'd think yeah they'd pass by there and get scared and always hurry Interviewer: Would you ever hear ghosts called anything 856C: Yeah they're ghosts spirits Interviewer: Anything else like haints or anything 856C: Haints spirits ghosts Interviewer: And uh {NS} Interviewer: try this out, so how are you this morning? 856C: alright, doing alright Interviewer: okay good 856C: I told my sister-in-law, she rang me I helped my daughter get from here to Louisiana last night want to know how I came out, I told her I come out alright I said you like to kill me asking me questions {NW} what is that Interviewer: oh that's alright, that's fine 856C: pull that chord chord? oh I see it now, yesterday we were talking you mentioned about cotton yeah Interviewer: you talking about the cotton and um and you know when you- when you plant a cotton what do you call those things that it- that- that you plant the seeds in themselves? 856C: well you'd call it cotton plow, you plant a seed they come out in front of the two little plow behind that covers it Interviewer: and they drop into the what? 856C: they drop into a row down in the middle soil and- and then a plow behind the planter little sweep- sweeps- little sweeps covers the seed and then you wait and- 'til it comes up, you'll be fortunate if you get a rain in the next two three days now no hard pecking rain, it'll put more seed and it'll come right on up right quick Interviewer: {X} the plow cuts away #1 what do you call that? # 856C: #2 the cow # the plow moves up a furrow, the plow moves up a furrow and the planter follows you now you can beat that in one way by having a riding planter riding planter will rope them up if- with a sweeper in the front and those two little sweeps behind covers up well that's one man driving a team to a riding planter but a walking planter you take a single stock and open up your room and then a cutting planter follows it covering up the seed Interviewer: well when you were uh first started farming did you ever open up any more land that- that had- you know had trees or something on it? 856C: yeah I've opened up land, cleared land Interviewer: and what about roads, did you ever open up a- cut out the shrubs and trees? 856C: yeah I've cut out shrubs and trees and cleared land Interviewer: would you say you were clearing land if you're putting a road through, do you- is that how you do it? 856C: well you'd be clearing land if you've- you've uh cleared and put roads there for publishing you know, for planting publishers and stuff Interviewer: well what about a- a- a road to travel or something 856C: well that's a turn road between fields you won't be running over your plants, you know cotton or corn if you've got a turn road that you follow you know down to the field Interviewer: what kind of corn did you grow? 856C: growed up ear corn Interviewer: the kind that you eat or the kind that you- 856C: yeah kind you eat too, particularly they call it field corn on the cob, it's grown on a cob you know and a shuck covers it Interviewer: how do you eat that kind of it? 856C: well you just cut it up, you don't eat that kind you make hominy out of that kind, a person does but your add-ons you can just cut that- that uh ear corn in two or three places and they'll- they'll eat it themself Interviewer: what- have- have you ever made hominy? 856C: yeah I've made hominy Interviewer: how'd you do that? 856C: you put water in a big old pot and boil it and then put corn in there and 'til it gets done 'til it all comes to the top Interviewer: do you have to put anything in there with it or- 856C: no you don't have to put anything in it Interviewer: and then when it comes to the top what do you do with it? 856C: you take it out Interviewer: is it made- 856C: when you think it's done you know you take it out and put it in crocks or something save it for when I eat hominy, hominy's good eating Interviewer: did you ever uh grind up the corn and make something out of that? 856C: meal, ground up corn made meal out of it Interviewer: oh you did? 856C: you take that to the mill- the mill house you know in each community they have a mill grind the meal up you know grind the corn up for meal well after you take it over in sacks and let them grind you up some Interviewer: well what wa- 856C: twenty-five fifty pounds of meal Interviewer: what did you do the- with the meal? 856C: eat it and make cornbread out of it Interviewer: #1 cornbread, what kind of cornbread? # 856C: #2 yeah make # hominy and then cornbread Interviewer: what kind of cornbread did you make? 856C: good cornbread- corn- because corn you know cornbread is made out of corn Interviewer: but I mean- how did- did you ever see anybody make it? 856C: no I've never seen anybody make it but I've seen em make cornbread now Interviewer: right that's what I mean, how- 856C: yeah I've seen em make cornbread Interviewer: how do you do that? 856C: they just stir it up real good, put a little salt on it and put it- put some flour on top of it and everything and put in the stove and cook it and you've got a pie hominy, you call that a pie hominy Interviewer: #1 it's cornbread, you call it a pie hominy? # 856C: #2 yeah # pie hominy Interviewer: how about- 856C: it's good eating too Interviewer: is it thick? 856C: yeah it's thick Interviewer: about what like two or three inches? 856C: yeah about two or three inches thick you just put it in the pan and put it in the stove and cook it Interviewer: do you ever eat any other kind of cornbread? 856C: no I've never eaten any other cornbread just- I've made it out of corn, that's all that's what we call cornbread because it's made out of corn now I've eaten light bread made out of flour and stuff Interviewer: how- how do you do that, how do you make light bread? 856C: well I've never made no light bread but you make up a dough and size it up like a loaf of bread and put it in a stove and bake it 'til it becomes brown and you think it's done and you take it out and you put slices and that's called uh light bread #1 cuz # Interviewer: #2 can you make light bread at home? # 856C: no Interviewer: what kind of light bread do you eat here then? 856C: buy it, buy it at the store Interviewer: so you call that what kind of bread? 856C: light bread call it light bread, different people makes it now Mary Beards is about the biggest seller here in Walker county there's Beards bread she's been making bread for a hundred years of course she's dead now but her sons keeps it up Interviewer: well so you wouldn't say that she- that wouldn't be any kind of a- a homemade bread, that'd just be a 856C: well that'd be homemade bread Interviewer: oh it would? 856C: they had when they just getting started out she was making homemade bread you know like that for the neighbors to sell and it just grew and grew and grew until she had to put up a factory and she got trucks riding in every city around in Texas delivering her bread today her grandsons have- has Interviewer: so well you wouldn't say that- but now a days you don't make that- that's not homemade- that's 856C: no you buy your light bread already made now Interviewer: so would you call- you call that store- store bought 856C: store bought bread Interviewer: #1 well you know yesterday you mentioned hay too, we were talking about the hay stack, did you ever cut the hay more than one time? # 856C: #2 yeah # yeah I've cut hay at one time and then you rake it up in wind rolls and a baler come along and uh and bale it up for you Interviewer: well did you ever uh cut it again after you cut it 856C: yeah you get second cuttings yeah it depends on the weather if you get rains you know after you cut it first time you get enough rains and all to make it grow the stubs and all and you just- you can get a second cutting Interviewer: what- what do you do with that second cutting? 856C: well you say feed it to your cattle or save it or sell it or whatever you want to do Interviewer: you don't ever- you don't leave it out on the field 856C: oh no you don't leave it out in the field but now a days they leave they're- they're baling it and leaving it in fields in great big rolls call them bale rolls and tie em and now they're somewhat whole- save you a whole lot of trouble just some send your- put your cows in a pasture and they go to those hays rolls and eat what hay they want, you don't have to pay for labor no lose time and tab or bill I hate it all they bale it in twenty bale lots great big rolls and leaves it in the field weather doesn't hurt it Interviewer: well you said you- you grew corn, did you ever uh have a field that you didn't plant again that some corn came up in, it's left over from the year before? 856C: well you- yeah you'd cut that out if you had cotton in it if you planting cotton in it and you had corn in it the year before that you'd cut the corn out Interviewer: what do you call that corn that comes up again, It's just a 856C: it's Interviewer: I mean if you- if you had a field you know and some corn just some seeds just fell on the ground, and then just popped up by themselves 856C: well just- just corn and galore you know from the first peck, you'd cut that out Interviewer: is that the same as like uh- uh volun- 856C: volunteer, you talking about volunteer, you can call that volunteer corn that came out it's seed that didn't get seeded right and it finally come up again sprouted and came up again Interviewer: what about wheat, do people ever grow wheat around? 856C: not around here Interviewer: did you ever see it growing? 856C: I never did see it wholly grow, no they grow it in Oklahoma and around Interviewer: oh they do? 856C: but I- I've had neighbors that farmers made after they got through with the crop they'd put out the wheat fields to make em big money Interviewer: oh they would? 856C: yeah Interviewer: well I've heard that they tie em up into things about this big around, the wheat 856C: wheat Interviewer: #1 is that right # 856C: #2 well I don't # know I never have seen them bales tied up Interviewer: well I wouldn't know if that would be- that'd be a bundle or sheaf or what- what you'd call that 856C: call that a bundle I reckon Interviewer: and what would you do with those, do they stack those or do you know? 856C: they'll stack em and feed em to cattle and all Interviewer: what kind of- what do they stack em into? 856C: stack em on ground, stack em on ground in piles Interviewer: #1 so would you just call it a pile of bundles or a stack of bundles or what # 856C: #2 pile of bundles yeah # call it pile of bundles Interviewer: and uh what other crops did you grow around here? 856C: well that's about all I growed was cotton and corn, that's all I grew Interviewer: did you- 856C: now these people- a lot of people have a whole lot of vegetables now I had a vegetable garden now that I used for multiple purpose at home like turnip greens and mashed potatoes I'd plant and I'd plant mashed potatoes on a darker moon because the stuff you plant that produces on- under the ground makes better when you plant it on a darker moon, you get a full crop #1 well yeah # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know that # 856C: but on a light of the moon you take cotton, cotton is a- is a- cotton plant is it produces up, plant that on a lighter moon, that's what I believe in I believe in the moon, a lot of people's don't believe in the moon but I do Interviewer: what- so what does- what does that do, the moon makes it 856C: I don't know what the moon has affect on it but I've always been raised and taught if whatever you plant produces out of the ground like mashed potatoes and onions you plant em on the darker moon Interviewer: did you ever grow any other kind of potatoes? 856C: no, I only have growed- I've growed sweet potatoes- you set out sweet potato vines and they produce on the ground, the potato Interviewer: how do you store those things- kind of things in the wintertime? 856C: well you'd have a little house, a little shed room or something you'd call and you'd store what you wanted for the winter, kale Interviewer: did you ever see somebody store like sweet potatoes or Irish potatoes? 856C: yeah I've seen em store it Interviewer: under the ground or something? 856C: no they didn't store it underground, never did I never- never have seen nothing stored underground Interviewer: what else would you grow in your garden? 856C: gold-cut cabbage, peas, tomatoes and uh Interviewer: what- did you grow the big tomatoes or the little tomatoes? 856C: big tomatoes Interviewer: do you know a name for those little tomatoes? 856C: no I don't know the name of those little tomatoes Interviewer: you know the ones I'm talking about? 856C: I know the ones you talking about Interviewer: have you ever heard them called anything like tomatoes or cherry tomatoes or plum tomatoes- any- 856C: no I never have Interviewer: well would- you said- I know you grew sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes so when you uh just said you were gonna have potatoes which kind did you mean, the sweet potatoes- 856C: Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes is once- you generally- you get the Irish potatoes first you plant your Irish potatoes and then you can turn around and plant your sweet potatoes on the same bed Interviewer: well when you just think of potatoes do you think of Irish potatoes or sweet potatoes? 856C: well either one, you speak of either Irish potatoes or sweet potatoes either one you'd have to call the name out, whatever potato you're calling, talking about you know Interviewer: did you grow any uh anything else in your garden like uh- 856C: no I put- growed peas in the garden, that produces up above the ground you know Interviewer: peas? 856C: peas Interviewer: #1 what kind of peas, are those the ones you # 856C: #2 black eyed peas and then {X} # uh plant snap beans, all that produces above the ground put- plant that on the light of the moon, now that's what Interviewer: excuse me go ahead 856C: what I believe in is- is the moon Interviewer: what is the difference in peas and beans of a certain kind 856C: well peas is a little pea and beans is a larger- larger than peas Interviewer: #1 well don't you have # 856C: #2 different taste # Interviewer: don't you have to take something off the peas to eat em, they like come in a 856C: they come in a shell, you have to shell em they come in a shell and you have to open em up and shell em you know and then put the peas in one pan and hulls in another Interviewer: so those are- that's not the same as a snap bean, you don't have to do that to them 856C: no you don't have to do that to snap beans, you just grab and get you a bunch and cook em Interviewer: did you grow those little small red covered root kind of things that grow under the ground and they have little green tops, sort of peppery tasting 856C: I've growed pepper Interviewer: oh you have? 856C: I've growed pepper yeah Interviewer: #1 did you grow any- # 856C: #2 I put it out as a # pepper plant I planted in the- in the- in the dirt you know the- the plant and they produced pepper but it wouldn't produce pepper under the ground, it would produce pepper- pepper above the ground Interviewer: well did you ever grow those little things you use in a salad or a relish those little round red, they grow under the ground their roots 856C: no I don't believe I have Interviewer: radishes or- 856C: I don't know what you have relative to but I don't believe I have Interviewer: well like radishes or radish 856C: oh radishes yeah radishes they grow out of the ground I've produced radishes that's- that's easy, I like em too Interviewer: what about uh onions, what kind of onions, you say you grew onions 856C: you plant onion set, you put out onion plants you know and put it in the ground in a little hole and then pack the dirt around it and depends on how much onions you want for the home you usually plant five or six of the rows of onions and that's actually produced- produced out of the ground and then you go dig em up, fry em up Interviewer: did you grow any of the small kind that you'd eat the tops on? 856C: yeah well you would eat the tops of em once you grew on the ground you can cut the tops off- off of em and- and cook em and eat em when they're tender that way Interviewer: is that a different kind? 856C: no same kind of onion you- Interviewer: well what about those little uh shallots, spring onions whatever they are you know that- that come up and you do the- you eat the whole thing, you eat em when they're just sort of young and fresh, that- is that a different kind of onion? 856C: no it's not a different kind of onion it depends on the stage you- you pull em up at, you can pull em up when they're half grown or something and cut em up and cut the tops off and eat them too, it makes good seasoning onion tops, onion tops is good seasoning Interviewer: well you know you said you grew peas and snap beans, did you grow any other kind of beans that you have to take the shell off? 856C: no not that I- I planted um snap beans is all I know and then Interviewer: what about like some kind of a uh any like butter beans or lima beans 856C: oh plant butter beans yeah butter beans Interviewer: you did, what- now what kind were they? 856C: well butter beans they produce on top of the ground it's a- it's a bean you plant- plant and it comes up and you put- you- you pull em up and put uh pick the tops off of em and with the beans and everything on it they produce up above the ground Interviewer: does it make any difference like what size and color they are- are they- 856C: no it doesn't matter no size it depends on you what- what stage you want to get em at Interviewer: well what about uh uh those- have you ever seen those yellow string beans? 856C: yeah the string beans Interviewer: do you call those butter beans too? 856C: call them snap beans Interviewer: and what about the cabbages like what kind of size cabbages did you grow? 856C: you plant cabbage with a plant on a row and then the seedling would come along and rain and all make em grow and finally it comes to a head and when you want cabbage you go out and cut it up- cut the head off even with the ground and that's the head of cabbage right there the stalk doesn't mean anything Interviewer: how- what size were they- or are they? 856C: well they'd be twelve or fourteen inches around the- around the tops Interviewer: so you'd say cabbages are uh they're- I guess they're pretty big here 856C: yeah they're pretty big- you can put- you can cut- use them at any size you know they get up but that's throwing away money if you don't get full size you know Interviewer: did you ever take the tops of the turnips and you cut the messes off of them? 856C: never did Interviewer: any 856C: didn't- didn't- didn't do it, I'd eat turnips but I didn't eat the tops Interviewer: oh you didn't 856C: no Interviewer: does anybody around here do that? 856C: I don't know, I never have Interviewer: did you use any greens beside turnip tops, any other- any other greens 856C: not that I know of, we used snap beans and cabbage and lima beans well you use those too you know plant those lima beans and I had pinto beans as a good plant- a good pea to plant, pinto beans Interviewer: well what is a- what is the difference in a- in a lima bean and a butter bean? 856C: lima bean is smaller than a butter bean, butter beans is always flat and long now snap bean's a little round bean Interviewer: and the lima bean is uh the- the small round one? 856C: yes they're a little long, a lima bean is larger than a snap bean Interviewer: and how- in relation to a butter bean though what size is it? 856C: well it's the same thing, snap bean and the butter bean is about the same thing they're- different people call them different names you know snap bean and a butter bean is about the same thing Interviewer: how- what about color then, how do lima beans and snap beans or butter beans compare in color? 856C: well yellow beans uh plants are yellow when it comes up and goes to growing and snap beans are sort of green Interviewer: well when you eat snap beans do you eat the shell, leave the shell on it? 856C: leave the shell on, no you don't eat- leave the shell on when you cook em, you open em up and let the peas fall out and then you keep the pull- peas to cook and throw the hulls away Interviewer: but you call em snap beans 856C: snap beans Interviewer: did you ever make any kind of vegetable soup or anything? 856C: oh yeah Interviewer: what would you put in that? 856C: put in that tomatoes and corn out of the garden, rosemary as you know and tomatoes and corn and Interviewer: any of that kind of vegetable that's sort of gooey in the middle? 856C: yeah Interviewer: what do you call that? 856C: I don't know what you have referenced to there Interviewer: well uh you know it's a- it's a green vegetable that if you- if you brush your arm up against the plant it sort of- it's sticky- it's sort of 856C: oakwood, you talking about oakwood, oakwood yeah I've grown oakwood they grows up above the ground and you go when- when he gets kind of halfway grown tender the stuff grows up go pull it off the vine and cook it Interviewer: did you ever use that if it gets full grown? 856C: I've used it but it's tough Interviewer: what do you use it the same way? 856C: same way but tender- tender oak was what you want to cook for your own self now I know that you uh plant oakwood to sell or something like that you speaking about the garden, that's what I'm speaking about I never did plant no oakwood in the field it'll naturally come up in the field now volunteer come up in the field from last year, seeds you know that falls on the ground Interviewer: oh it did? 856C: yeah you'd plant seeds of cotton and naturally with the cotton there'd be some kind of beans in there and they'll come up too well and chopping your cotton you cut those out if you don't want em you know but most of the tenants they use a few stalks on each end so they lead in the summertime off of em and the landlord don't get no part of that they just get hay for the cotton or {X} for the cotton Interviewer: would- do you ever call this {X} do you ever call it anything else or hear em called anything 856C: no nothing but rosemeres that's- that's just tender corn fixing to get hard you know when it's tender you pull its roasting ear and shuck it and cook it Interviewer: you eat it on the cob? 856C: we eat it on the cob, we eat it- cut it off the cob and fry it Interviewer: well so would you- you call it the same if you- if you cut the young tender corn off the cob you still call it roasting ears? 856C: yeah roasting ear Interviewer: well what do you call the top part of the- the- the corn stalk? 856C: tassel Interviewer: and- and then on the corn the on the roasting ears the- don't you have 856C: shucks, have shuck s Interviewer: but after you take the shucks off it is there something else on it? 856C: {X} string- string- string bean stuff you know you have to kind of pick it off Interviewer: is that- you call it string bean stuff that- 856C: string bean on- on the corn Interviewer: now on the- on the- on the roasting ear itself the- underneath the shuck 856C: that's what- that's what- what you got to pick off- pick off all the little strings and then take em out and shuck em and cut and make two cuttings off the cob for your cooking business or you- you'd roast one half is tender you know, got ears of corn but yet it's tender you'd- you'd roast em and eat em off the cob with your mouth Interviewer: did you ever grow any of those big orange colored fruits about this big around uh 856C: never did Interviewer: did you use- 856C: you talking about grapefruit, I never did use- I never did grow any- any kind of grapefruit I've growed uh plum trees in my yard Interviewer: oh you did? 856C: plum trees Interviewer: what about the things that children like to cut up at Halloween you know, like to cut faces in em and put a candle in em 856C: pumpkins Interviewer: did you grow them? 856C: I've growed pumpkins Interviewer: any- did you grow any of those little crook neck vegetables like that, little yellow crook neck vegetables about this long? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: uh like some kind of squash or something like that 856C: oh I've grown squash Interviewer: #1 oh you did # 856C: #2 oh yeah # Interviewer: what kind of- what kind of squash did you grow? 856C: yellow and white, you can plant two different kinds Interviewer: do you- do you ever let that kind of stuff dry? 856C: never let it dry we eat it fresh out of the garden that's dry as we give away or something like that you know Interviewer: what do you call that if it dries, do you call it anything differently? 856C: well you call it tough squash cause you can't eat it hardly Interviewer: and- and you said the kind you grew were the yellow and the white? 856C: yellow and white Interviewer: what about any kind of melon, did you grow any kind of melon? 856C: I've grown a lot of melon Interviewer: what kind 856C: Tom Watsons and they got different new names now you know but in my days the best melon was called Tom Watson Interviewer: what was that like? 856C: it was long green melon about two foot long and weighed about thirty forty pounds and you pull em off the vines and there'd be several of em on a vine you know but you'd pull- pick the ones you want and then the rest of em you can go pick em and sell em Interviewer: well did it- what kind of meat did it have- what color meat did it have in it? 856C: the squash? Interviewer: no the water- the melon 856C: well it had a red meat Interviewer: and did you say it had a green outside- did it have stripes or maybe spots? 856C: it had stripes on it, you'd call it a striped melon it was called a rattlesnake melon striped ones and then you had the solid green melons just called melon Interviewer: which are the Tom Watson? 856C: Tom Watson was a green melon Interviewer: any other kind of melons you grew? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: uh what about the- the seeds uh do they differ in Tom Watson and a- and a rattlesnake? #1 could you tell any difference? # 856C: #2 no you # couldn't tell no difference in them Interviewer: what about- did you ever grow any uh any like melons like with yellow meat in em about this big? 856C: well I don't know uh Interviewer: six inches to a foot long 856C: not that I know of unless there are watermelons sometimes that turn pink Interviewer: uh what- 856C: wa- watermelon Interviewer: were there any other kinds of watermelons here? 856C: there were several grades of watermelons and different kinds different names of em I can't recall now what names but they've got improvements on melons now and they're not as good as the ones in days past Interviewer: do you- what were some of the old kinds though that you remember? 856C: old kinds were the watermelon growed forty fifty pounds and you could tell by- when they're ripe by the vine you know it'd be curled up and dead and that was time to pull Interviewer: what kind uh was that like what- 856C: well there's Tom Watson and- and Interviewer: do they have those anymore those Tom Watson? 856C: no I don't see none, I just see these striped ripe rattlesnakes melons they got a name for them I don't remember what they are but they don't eat good now like they did in years ago Interviewer: well did you- did you ever grow any kind of melons like you eat for breakfast anything, cantaloupe? 856C: cantaloupe, well I've growed cantaloupe they're something like a watermelon you know it's just a little round you know and it grows on top of the ground too on a vine Interviewer: any other kind? 856C: that's all Interviewer: what- what color was the cantaloupe then? 856C: cantaloupe was sort of yellow, it was sort of yellow Interviewer: that- is that the same thing as a- as a mush- uh mush melon? 856C: mush melon, I reckon that- I reckon Interviewer: have you ever heard that? 856C: I've heard the word mush melon, that's what they'd be called too Interviewer: that the same thing as a cant- 856C: same- same- same as a cantaloupe Interviewer: any kind of melons you ever grow that had green inside, be sort of sweet 856C: no I can't tell, I don't remember Interviewer: what about uh did you ever, you know those things that out- grow out in the yard sometimes after it rains and they'll pop up, those little things that when it rains they pop up little white things and you- you kick em over 856C: no Interviewer: this pop up all over the lawn out there in the springtime when it rains {X} 856C: you'd call em bloom- blooming flowers I reckon in the spring Interviewer: well- be like- they wouldn't be flowers they'd be umbrella shape 856C: a umbrella shape Interviewer: and they get little uh 856C: I know, I know what you're talking about Interviewer: what do you call those things? 856C: I don't know what you call em Interviewer: do you ever call em anything like uh a- a- well you know like, do you ever cook with anything like that? 856C: never have Interviewer: mushrooms or anything like that 856C: mushroom I'll cook mushroom Interviewer: you have? 856C: yeah Interviewer: well is any- do they grow around here? 856C: never growed, I reckon they do I don't know now I don't see none now growing well on the way out buy a bag or two of them and go downtown to have a farmers market it'll be there for Tuesday and Thursday and all the farmers will bring their vegetables there to sell and I'd go down there but I don't buy such stuff as that, I buy peas and corn turnip greens and Irish potatoes, stuff like that Interviewer: #1 you do buy the greens, the turnip greens # 856C: #2 yeah # Interviewer: how do you- how do you cook them? 856C: you- you cook em in water and boil em 'til they're- they're tender, the leaves Interviewer: and- and what do you- how do you serve them? 856C: you serve em in a big bowl and then you take whatever you want to out of em and cut em off, season em Interviewer: do you call them turnip greens or what? 856C: turnip greens, call them turnip greens Interviewer: and what about the- those mu- those mushrooms, did you ever- do you ever see them growing around the house but they're not quite the same, maybe little poisonous or the white ones? 856C: no I never have seen em, the only thing I've seen mushroom- mushroom grow is a plant out in the field and cultivating em Interviewer: you've seen em growing like that? 856C: I've seen em growing like- like that Interviewer: what about toad stews or frog stews something like that, did you ever- 856C: frog stew, I never have eaten them frog stew Interviewer: you know what they are? 856C: no Interviewer: the frog stew is the toad stew 856C: the what? Interviewer: the- have you ever heard of toad stew? 856C: never have heard of toad stew Interviewer: well uh you were speaking of the garden a minute ago, what do you mean when you say the garden, what was that? 856C: well that was a pl- plot of land little land out there small half acre or something like that a quarter of an acre land and you planted your onions, your potatoes, your cabbage your beans and your peas and everything in it that's for home use, that's for home use Interviewer: did it have a fence around it or anything? 856C: well sometimes you can put a fence in it, in my case I just planted out there by the house you know cause they're already fenced and no cows can get to it or nothing Interviewer: where would you plant something like uh uh turnip greens or something? 856C: turnip greens you can plant that in a garden Interviewer: did you ever just sort of have an area you just started broadcasting 856C: yeah broadcast em and flat break the land and you'd call that flat breaking but turning plow you know he's a tractor won't flat break it and pl- uh sow your turnip green seed and uh and turnips will come up under the ground and the green's on the top and when you get to a certain stage you can pull em up and sell em when they're real tender see and get a good price for em Interviewer: so would you call that a um- a uh- uh- a garden where you- 856C: garden call that a garden, I never did plant any in the field like that I- only thing I ever planted in the field was cotton and corn Interviewer: well what do you mean when you say a field? 856C: a field like that is a big crop- scrap of land- scrap of land that's planted in corn or cotton or something like that that's fenced off where cows can't get into it Interviewer: you just plant that one crop in the- 856C: well you can plant one or two crops, you can plant a crop of corn in it, you can plant a crop of cotton in it, you can plant most anything in it as long as no animals can- can get in it and destroy it, now you can broadcast turnip seed and get um a big supply of turnip greens and all and pull em and take the time when they're fresh and soft you know Interviewer: what about the uh uh tobacco, is that something you've ever seen? 856C: I have never seen tobacco, tobacco's been grown here in this county but it was before my time Interviewer: did you- did- well did they grow that or in a- 856C: they growed that in a field Interviewer: what about um uh a patch or something like- what do you grow in a patch? 856C: patch, well you can plant a garden in a patch or any little small Interviewer: well what is a patch then? 856C: patch is a little small spot of gar- uh land that you plant stuff on that's called a cotton patch- a patch uh you- you'd plant a small uh field and call it a cotton- cotton field patch- cotton field, patch of cotton field Interviewer: so a- a patch isn't the way you plant it, it's just the area 856C: just the area, it's large- it's a large crack a patch is it's larger than a garden, something like a garden though Interviewer: could you plant several different things in a- 856C: several different things in a patch Interviewer: what kind of fence would you have around that? 856C: you can have a wire fence around it just to keep cows from getting in there stuff like that Interviewer: what kind of wire you mean the- 856C: barbed wire or net wire either one Interviewer: any other kind of wire fences you have around here? 856C: no Interviewer: what are those- 856C: well they have another wi- electric wire fence that's one- one wire all the way around with posts all the way around a crack of land and it's attached to electricity and you keep it on a cow touches it it makes him jump and get away from there Interviewer: so you- if you have barbed wire you- you tack it onto the- 856C: tack it onto the post and have a gate to use little patch or your garden or whatever it is or your field Interviewer: any kind of wooden fences you have around here? 856C: used to have a pole and rail fence but you don't no more Interviewer: what is a rail fence? 856C: rail fence is like a pine tree sawed up in eight foot lengths and then split in eight foot planks and you stack em like that on one on top of another on down 'til you got a wood uh Interviewer: criss-cross? 856C: criss-cross Interviewer: and you- and that makes the fence? 856C: that makes a fence Interviewer: is that the only kind of rail fence you ever saw around here? 856C: that's the only kind of rail fence that I've ever seen, just a wire fence and a rail fence Interviewer: any kind of wooden- other wooden fences then like 856C: no Interviewer: what'd you have around the lot? 856C: I would have plank fences around the lot Interviewer: now what- they were about what? 856C: one of sixes or one of eighth pine flat, flat wood Interviewer: would they be woven between the posts or just nailed to the posts? 856C: just nailed to the post Interviewer: what did- would people have fences around their houses then 856C: well yeah, they'd have fences around their houses Interviewer: what kind would they be? 856C: they'd be made out of barbed wire and post but you'd call that around the house well you'd call that well horses you feed down at the lot you'd let em out and they'll come in to the patch there and eat grass and stuff and get well water, I had a well that I filled up with forty gallons of water in a few hours it was a day or so for the animals to eat and drink well I didn't have a creek but now I've got a creek in my field and I don't have to do that Interviewer: well did you ever see a- a fancy kind of little fence just a fancy little wood fence around somebody's house? 856C: I don't believe I have Interviewer: like a- the kind that's little- little pieces of wood nailed to a two by four or something, just a little 856C: wooden- wooden fences yeah I've seen that kind made out of plank mean a garden fence made out of plank Interviewer: so 856C: that's all expensive though Interviewer: now what would that be like? 856C: well that would be like, the plants- what you planted would be protected from animals and stuff getting in there Interviewer: well when you say a garden fence, what is that- is that uh made out of- out of two by sixes? 856C: two by sixes, you make a garden fence out of two by sixes some folk make em out of net wire, net wire Interviewer: when you speak of a garden fence, do you just mean the fence just around the garden? 856C: just around the garden Interviewer: what um sometimes I've- I've heard here in Huntsville people have fences made out of just little pieces of wood about one by ones or one by twos they would nail along 856C: come in Aux: oh you're back, I'm just gonna make your beds 856C: alright Aux: {X} 856C: come on in Aux: {X} 856C: I've got a few dishes in there I've tried to mess with already Aux: y'all just go ahead like I'm not here, try not to make any noise Interviewer: who's that maid? 856C: that's my lady who owns the partners and stuff she cleans up for me and makes up my bed and washes my clothes and all Interviewer: oh that's good, well what about those- did you ever see a kind of fence that'd just be little like one by ones or one by twos that would uh uh like a- a picket fence or a paling fence 856C: oh I've seen a picket fence, picket fence would be made of a plank would be running across and the top and then little small pieces of lumber would be attached to em standing straight up and that we'd call a picket fence Interviewer: what kind of tops were those? 856C: have a pointed top, have a top- pointed top Interviewer: would you call it a picket fence if it had a flat top on it? 856C: no you wouldn't call it a picket fence if it has a flat top Interviewer: what would you call it then? 856C: you just fence around the garden Interviewer: and what- so a a picket fence- it- did you ever see one that was woven maybe or any kind of wooden fence that somebody- you know would be woven between the posts 856C: no never have Interviewer: they ever use uh any kind of stones or rocks around here? 856C: no Interviewer: to build uh a wall or 856C: oh no they don't use no stones in walls Interviewer: you ever seen one like that? 856C: never have Interviewer: what kind of uh- you know we were talking about uh- uh milking a cow yesterday, what kind of uh other kinds of containers would you have around the house like to carry water in from the well? 856C: well you have buckets, have buckets Interviewer: what was the bucket that you'd carry the water from the well like be like 856C: well now it's a tin- tin container with a handle to it and you fill that up full of water and then catch it with the handle and take it on to the house Interviewer: so how big would that be? 856C: that'd be a- maybe it'd be a eight by twelve Interviewer: twelve deep or eight- 856C: eight- eight foot deep and twelve foot wide Interviewer: foot or inches? 856C: feet Interviewer: and what about wooden ones, did you ever see any wooden- any kind of wooden 856C: no I've seen wooden well- uh uh wooden well buckets no Interviewer: what were they like? 856C: they were like a barrel, something like a barrel only a little smaller you know you'd let em down the well and fill it up and them pull it back up with a chain or your rope whatever you got Interviewer: did it have- what size would they be? 856C: they'd be I'd say maybe eight by ten something like that Interviewer: so did you- would- is that the only kind of wooden 856C: that's the only kind of wooden wa- water well I know of Interviewer: any other kind of wooden buckets then? 856C: no, no kind of wooden bucket Interviewer: what do you call the plastic ones- did you have any- have you seen the plastic ones- they have that here 856C: no I don't I've never seen em Interviewer: like the- like the tin ones but they're made out of plastic 856C: I know- I know what you're talking about Interviewer: would you call- 856C: we've had them but we didn't use em though, we'd use em for all purposes you know whether it'd be canned water in it or milk in it or what Interviewer: well yesterday you were telling me about the um about the slop bucket you have in the kitchen 856C: yeah Interviewer: what other things would you have in the kitchen to cook with? 856C: well we had everything to cook you want to eat it but you get all the slop and stuff that's left over from your eating place you'd put it in a slop bucket slop bail or something and take that and give it to the hogs Interviewer: where did you- did you have a- what would you- what would you fry food in? 856C: fry it in a skillet Interviewer: what would that look like, what is it made out of? 856C: well it was made out of iron Interviewer: would it have a flat bottom or- 856C: flat bottom Interviewer: what about uh- uh- water, what would you uh- uh what would you boil water in? 856C: pour water in Interviewer: what would you boil it in? 856C: boil it in a tea kettle or something like that Interviewer: did you have anything else called a kettle besides the thing you'd boil water in? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: what- what would they wash clothing in out in the yard, those big round things 856C: tubs, call those tubs Interviewer: they were made out of what? 856C: they was made out of I don't know what do you- what- what they'd be made out of Interviewer: #1 or would it be- # 856C: #2 it wouldn't be # tin it's made out of tin I think Interviewer: well you know you had a skillet on the- on the stove I guess 856C: yeah Interviewer: but did you ever see something that would be like uh for cooking on an old-fashioned fireplace? 856C: yeah Interviewer: what would that be? 856C: that- that would be- put your skillet uh in a pot over fire hanging on wire across the fire you know you cook it in that let the fire blaze and heat the pot up and cook Interviewer: what kind of skillet- what- what would you call that kind of thing then? what would that look like, that kind of skillet? 856C: that kind of skillet would be ordinary skillet but you make a tin box or a tin bucket or something and do the same thing you know by hanging it over a fire and cooking it Interviewer: and you put the skillet on top of the bucket or something? 856C: yeah put the skillet on top of the fire Aux: can I run the water or are you- Interviewer: oh no certainly go ahead uh that- that won't bother me at all uh, what about uh fruit trees, what kind of fruit trees did you- 856C: well the only thing I've ever grown was uh plum trees, I've grown them and pear trees Interviewer: did you grow any peaches? 856C: oh yeah grown peaches Interviewer: what kind of peaches were they? 856C: Elberta peaches Interviewer: is it- you said the other day that those were the kind that uh, that came off the 856C: came off of the seed yeah you can pull em off the seed you peel em and just pull em off the seed Interviewer: so what do you call the kind that'll sort of fall away from the seed, you know there's some that stick 856C: cling, you call a stone that sticks to the seed a cling for peaches and the others is Elberta peach- Elberta peach won't stick to the seed Interviewer: so any kind that don't stick to the seed you would call that a- 856C: Elberta Interviewer: and uh- when you break open the seed is there anything inside that? 856C: no there's nothing- nothing inside that but the seed Interviewer: and uh what about a- a ch- cherry, have you ever- 856C: never have grown a cherry tree Interviewer: did you uh- have you ever seen them growing anywhere? 856C: well I believe I have Interviewer: when you- when you're eating a cherry what's the part that you have to spit out? 856C: seed Interviewer: and what about an apple, what's the part you have to throw away? 856C: have to throw away the peel and the seed, the core of the apple Interviewer: do you ever see- do you ever take apples and slice em up and dry em? 856C: never have but I've- I've sliced em up and made apple pie out of em Interviewer: but you- did you ever hear a name for just dried slices of apples? 856C: no never have Interviewer: ever- ever heard of em called snips? 856C: no Interviewer: and what about peanuts, I think you mentioned them 856C: peanuts well you plant those in the ground and they produce a vine on top you know and the peanut's still under the ground, you pull em up and when you think they're ripe you take a top and go down the row with both hands pulling em up and let em dry for about a couple of days and then you haul em in and you- you can feed those to a cattle of horses or either pick the peanuts off and sell them by themselves Interviewer: did you ever hear any other names for em besides peanuts, heard them called anything- 856C: never have, all- that's all I know is peanuts Interviewer: what about uh was it- would you call it anything different if you- if you bought em at the store, if they were store bought or is you grew em yourself 856C: no you can just call them peanuts, that's it Interviewer: if- well when you sold em did you shell em before you- 856C: yeah you shell em- you sh- you shell em before you sold em you use the vines to feed cows or horses on, the tops which is the peanut you can feed the whole peanuts to horses and cows Interviewer: #1 so did you- you still call it the- you call em peanuts if it's got the shell # 856C: #2 peanut # yeah Interviewer: or unshelled 856C: that's right Interviewer: well any other kind of nuts you grow out here like nut trees? 856C: not that I- walnuts, we've grown a lot of walnut trees Interviewer: oh you did? 856C: they- they produce up above the ground on a tree and when you think they're ripe you know you can tell when they're ripe they'll go falling off the ground and Interviewer: what- what is the- what is that- what are they covered in, the outside thing, they have two 856C: rind, they have a rind around and then you bust em open you know or cut em open whatever you want and there is the plant itself Interviewer: so you- you break open the rind and then what's inside of that? 856C: seed, there's a seed inside of it Interviewer: there's nothing between the seed and the- and the- do you ever- do you break open the seed to eat it? 856C: yeah you op- you break open the seed op- and you don't even have to open break open the seed now but you have to get the seed out of it to cut the core out to get a piece of it Interviewer: so the- is the rind that- that outside cover that- the out- outermost 856C: yeah Interviewer: and then did you- you cut the rind off is that right? 856C: right Interviewer: #1 then there's that black cover that's in there, what do you call that black cover? # 856C: #2 that's right # I don't know unless you call it a hull Interviewer: what about uh any other kind of nuts that- 856C: no never have, I've just growed peanuts and I've grown pecans Interviewer: oh you have? 856C: pecan trees take a long time to produce pecans you know Interviewer: what about uh any other kinds like uh like did you ever grow almonds? 856C: almonds? Interviewer: yes sir 856C: well it would sound familiar to me or I don't believe I've ever grown em Interviewer: did you ever grow any kind of citrus fruit around here? 856C: no Interviewer: well do you like to eat it? 856C: yeah I like to eat it Interviewer: what do you like? 856C: I like grapefruit juice, grapefruit Interviewer: do you eat those uh the ones that people uh well they grow south of here 856C: yeah in the valley, down in the valley Interviewer: #1 what else do they grow- # 856C: #2 they- they # grow down there now they grow- they can grow everything in the valley cotton, corn, peanuts, peas, watermelons, cantaloupes and everything like that in the valley course that's about seven hundred miles down here south you know the weather it doesn't freeze down there you know Interviewer: well what kind of uh- uh- a citrus fruit do they grow down there besides lemons and grapefruits, there's the ones about the size of a- 856C: they grow pineapple down there Interviewer: oh they do, and don't they grow something about the size of a base- 856C: oranges, they- they grow oranges down there Interviewer: what other kind of trees are there around here besides those- those pecans and those walnuts, any- 856C: well there's pine trees, oak trees, that's about the only kind of trees that grows here pine trees, oak trees and then persimmon trees is real uh a simmon tree to come up on a crack of land they're far- far apart you know you when it gets ripe you want to pull the simmon but mostly parsons and squirrels get up the trees and ruin them you know and eat em Interviewer: what kind of squirrels do you have here? 856C: little cat squirrels and red squirrels Interviewer: why- how are they different, the cat squirrels and the red- 856C: cat squirrel is grey and a red squirrel is all brownish red, yellowish color Interviewer: do you have any of those kind of trees here that have broad leaves on em and they grow tall and have sort of a grey bark that peels off in big sheets, you know you peel it off in big pieces of bark like this big, they're pretty trees, they have little balls on em 856C: I don't know unless I hear the name called Interviewer: or like do you have any kind of uh syca- sycamore? 856C: have a sycamore tree Interviewer: oh you do 856C: yeah Interviewer: what is it like? 856C: it's a large tree that grows up and you make lumber out of it or pulpwood out of it anything like that Interviewer: ever hear it called anything else? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: what about uh do they grow any kind of trees around here to get sugar from? 856C: no they don't grow any kinds of trees to get sugar from Interviewer: what- what would they- what- I've heard they get sugar from some kind of tree, what kind would that be, do you have any- 856C: you get sugar from the sugar cane stalk sugar cane stalk now makes syrup and sugar too Interviewer: have you ever heard of getting uh sugar a tree though? 856C: never have Interviewer: like a sugar maple or something like that 856C: no I never have Interviewer: well you said you grew pecans, where would you grow those? 856C: you- you either plant em or their volunteering crops from years past, it takes a long time for pecan tree to produce and when it gets grown it goes producing pecans right along the leaves and when they get ripe they'll fall off if a head of wind comes or you can go pull em off that's pecan tree Interviewer: did you ever plant em and a lot of em in one pla- 856C: never did Interviewer: do some people do that? 856C: some people has a pecan orchard, you call that a pecan- pecan orchard Interviewer: uh do they- do they- is there any kind of little shrub like bush that grows around here that's sort of poisonous, cows 856C: well now you- you named it right but I don't know what kind of bush it's called but it's a bush that grows and is poisonous to cows Interviewer: what do you call that? 856C: I don't know I can't call its name Interviewer: uh is that the kind that has sort of red leaves on it turns red 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: ever heard it called anything like a su- sumac, sumac? 856C: su- no I never have Interviewer: sumacs or sumac 856C: never have Interviewer: what about any kind of vine around here that has little leaves on it that'll- 856C: well there's grapes, muscadines and grapes like that have little vines Interviewer: do you- and any kind that has like several leaves on it that will uh- that will make you break out if you brush up against it 856C: well that is poison oak, you call it poison oak Interviewer: and what is that? 856C: that's- that's a plant that grows up on a tree or something and goes around around the tree and it's got this vine to it and it's called poison oak you touch it and it'll make your hands break out Interviewer: how many leaves did that have on it, do you know? 856C: it had many leaves altogether on it but it's just two or three leaves in a cluster all the way up Interviewer: #1 is any other kind sort of like poison oak that grows around here? # 856C: #2 no # don't believe it is Interviewer: uh any kind of berries grow around here? 856C: well there's- there's uh blackberries grows around here, dewberries grows around here they volun- volunteer and come up out in the field a patch of whatever you want to call it Interviewer: well what do you- are there any berries that- that might not grow around here that you might buy to make shortcake out of or something? 856C: no all- if you want to make a berry pie you just get somebody to pick you out some out in the pasture and all- all you know on vines and bring your bucket full, cost you about six bits a bucket and you've got enough to make two or three pies out of it Interviewer: well how about uh any kind of red berry that you eat with sugar and cream or something 856C: strawberries, you talking- they don't grow strawberries here they- they grow strawberry in Louisiana now Interviewer: oh they do? 856C: I never seen none grown around here Interviewer: what about uh is anything that's a little darker than a strawberry almost black sometimes got little grains all over it it looks like, not a blackberry but a- a- rasp- a raspberry 856C: raspberry, well that name sounds familiar but I don't I can't recall Interviewer: well what 856C: that I know what a raspberry was Interviewer: well I guess uh some berries they described were ones you couldn't eat right? 856C: yeah well I don't know you- all the berries I know I would eat strawberries and dewberries grows out in the field around Interviewer: are there any kinds that would kill you that grow out in the woods or something? 856C: well it may be but I- I can't recall the kind Interviewer: when you say well you can't eat that cuz it might be what if you're talking about something 856C: might be poisonous Interviewer: now any berries out here like this? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: uh is there- are there any of those big flowering trees that grow out here that have big dark green waxy leaves on em and big white- 856C: magnolia, magnolia trees Interviewer: #1 you have those around here? # 856C: #2 yeah we have those # I have some on my place, they just volunteer and came up I don't know why I didn't even plant none, I've planted one or two magnolia trees but it was nary successful and they died Interviewer: is anything uh that has a leaf sort of like a magnolia but not quite as big that uh- that grows maybe in this area or even farther up from here in bushes or- ever heard- see anything like that with pink and white flowers on it 856C: pink and white flowers Interviewer: like a mountain laurel or rhododendron anything like that? 856C: no I can't recall that Interviewer: you ever heard of that? 856C: never have Interviewer: if anything they grows along the creeks around here 856C: yeah spanish grows on the creeks around here Interviewer: what- what would that be? 856C: different kind of big vines and all Interviewer: but you don't have any of those bushes like mountain laurel or ripple laurel or 856C: #1 no, no # Interviewer: #2 {X} # well what kind of little insects do you have around here? 856C: we has boll weevils for cotton now, that's a cotton plant and then you, I reckon that's about all you call, you have louse get your cotton, louse get your cotton and maybe kill it Interviewer: well what is a louse? 856C: louse is some kind of insect that covers the leaves on your cotton patches and sucks the vitamins out of it and moisture out of it and dries it up Interviewer: is any kind of uh- a insect that might just bite you, sting you or something 856C: we call that a flea or something like that Interviewer: what- like if you- if you were to open up your windows in the summertime and took the screens off 856C: yeah Interviewer: what kind of insects would come in here? 856C: flies Interviewer: anything else? 856C: bumblebees would come in or uh wasps, wasps might come in Interviewer: so tell me about that 856C: well that's a little red uh plump uh flower or red plump animal with wings on it, it can fly and light and you kinda- it'll sting you if you attacked it it'll sting you they make nests up in the top of the roof or something like that on in- on a tree or something like wasp nests and the hole where a little wasp was born is- is in a nest you know they come out come out in forty or fifty in a package and they make- that's called a wasp bunch, bunch of wasps and they'll attack you and sting you if you go to fighting em Interviewer: any other kind like any are that- that are just a little thing just flying around so small you can hardly see it that'll sting you? 856C: bumblebee Interviewer: well they'll uh they used to give malaria, cause malaria like a mosquito 856C: mosquito yeah mosquito Interviewer: you got those around here? 856C: yeah we have mosquitoes around here Interviewer: anything around here that eats mosquitoes, any kind of other insect? 856C: not that I know of Interviewer: like a- those long thin-bodied insects that look like- have long wings and fly around old ponds and stuff, like a- 856C: I don't know now whether they eat fleas or not, I never have heard of anything eating a flea Interviewer: eating mosquitoes then 856C: oh mosquitoes, I never have heard of it Interviewer: like a, like a- 856C: you pardon for mosquitoes though in your house you know and get rid of em they'll come into your house while your window's open and doors open they'll come in your house them mosquitoes will Interviewer: well what about a mosquito hawk or something like that, you ever hear something like that? 856C: no, never have heard anything like that Interviewer: dragonfly 856C: never have Interviewer: uh- uh ever hear of a devil's darning needle, do you have any of those? 856C: darning needle Interviewer: what's that? 856C: well that's a needle with a thread in it and you darn sewing make flowers out of it or something on cloth or whatever you want to, darning needle Interviewer: have you ever heard of that- a insect called that? 856C: no never have heard of a insect called that Interviewer: what- what about those things that fly around and light on and off in the after- in the- after dark you can see em flashing 856C: lightning bugs Interviewer: you have those? 856C: yeah we have those lightning bugs Interviewer: and do you have any of those things that- that would fly into your light at night, try to get into it burn themselves 856C: yeah bugs we call those light bugs Interviewer: and uh what about the kind that get into your clothes and eat holes in your clothes, you got any of those? 856C: no I don't have none at least I don't Interviewer: have you ever seen any that- 856C: never have Interviewer: what about any kind of a mo- any kind of moth or anything? 856C: moth oh yeah I've heard of moths Interviewer: what is that? 856C: that's some kind of animal or insect that eats your clothes up in summertime when you you know hang em up in some kind of moth-proof storage plant now they got that you know hang em up in there for the winter Interviewer: do you have any trouble with those? 856C: we have had trouble with em eating up our clothes Interviewer: and what'd you call em? 856C: moth Interviewer: and uh what kind of- do you have any little animals around here- uh you talked- 856C: we have rabbits and squirrels Interviewer: do you have any that will smell bad you know if you get too- 856C: polecats, I have pole- polecats Interviewer: have you ever heard polecats called anything else? 856C: never have Interviewer: what about any- any kind of uh a little animal that has a hard shell that will draw its legs and its head into its shell? 856C: a turtle, call that a turtle Interviewer: #1 does it live on land or in the water? # 856C: #2 it # lives in water and land too Interviewer: and have you ever had the- 856C: and ever- not and ever, and they'll travel from one pond to another crossing land and all most of em gets- gets killed on the road when cars come past they'll be crossing crossing the road going to a certain place and they gets killed Interviewer: oh do you ever go fishing? 856C: I've been fishing I don't go now Interviewer: what did you fish with? 856C: seine uh that's- seine is made out of uh cloth with two poles on the end of it and it's a loop netted- netted cloth of threads and you seine that way and catch a fish in it and drag him out to the bank and then see what you got, see what you done caught Interviewer: do you ever fish with a pole? 856C: yeah I've fished with a pole Interviewer: what- what kind of bait would you use? 856C: worms and then you use beef, piece of beef or something Interviewer: what kind of worms would those be? 856C: they'd be earth worms Interviewer: anything bigger than those that- bigger than the earth worms? 856C: no nothing bigger than the earth- earth worm but fish with uh fly uh what do you call em some kind of fly, grasshopper, you can fish with grasshoppers Interviewer: you can? 856C: that's good bait Interviewer: have you ever heard grasshoppers called anything else? 856C: never have Interviewer: hopper grass or anything? 856C: no just grasshoppers Interviewer: well what are those things that'll hop- you'd see- might see hopping around in your- in your garden, little- little animals just- you know what I'm talking about that just- 856C: well that's could be a grasshopper itself Interviewer: or could be in the grass about this big, three or four inches long 856C: you ain't talking about frogs are you? Interviewer: yes 856C: talking about frogs Interviewer: you got frogs around here? 856C: yeah we got frogs around here, they live mostly in water Interviewer: oh they do, do you have any kinds that live on land? 856C: well a frog lives on land and in water too but he mostly lives in water Interviewer: what do you call the kind that make that croaking noise you know, uh you know the- you hear it- might hear it at night around the pond or something- them making a croaking 856C: yeah I know what you're talking about, you call em a- I don't know what you call those Interviewer: is that a kind of frog or what is it? 856C: that's a frog when you hear a frog holler at night but it's another animal, little insect that does the same thing at night Interviewer: oh really, what is that? 856C: I can't recall the name of it Interviewer: what's- what's a bull frog? 856C: bull frog is a frog larger than a little ordinary frog and he'll holler at night he'll holler at night, he lives in water Interviewer: what about just the regular frogs are they- you said they live in water 856C: they live in water and land too Interviewer: do bull frogs live on land ever? 856C: bull frog lives in water Interviewer: what about the kind that uh- that you might see after a rain, those little green ones they sort of come out after the rain 856C: I don't know Interviewer: would you call those just frogs or what, have you ever seen something like- 856C: never have seen em Interviewer: oh, so here are some- they have little voi- little peeping kind of voices, make little peeping noise 856C: yeah Interviewer: do you ever- 856C: you talking about crickets? Interviewer: well they could be like some kind of like- like a frog, little light green frog comes out in the springtime 856C: lizards Interviewer: well it- it's a kind of frog 856C: yeah well I don't- I don't know what you're talking about Interviewer: ever heard of a rain frog or a spring frog anything like that? 856C: no I never have heard of a rain frog Interviewer: well in the creeks around here is there any kind of little animal that looks like a little lobster that will swim backwards and like hide under rocks, you might've played with- dug em up when you were a child 856C: you're not speaking about snakes are you? Interviewer: no sir, be like little lobsters about oh anywhere from two or three inches to about ten inches long, they live in freshwater streams you know they, they swim backwards if you- 856C: mm-hmm you're not talking about alligators Interviewer: no like a- have you ever heard of a- 856C: Oh I can count from one to twenty Interviewer: Well I know you can but will you 856C: Wa- One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty Interviewer: And then after twenty-six comes 856C: twenty-seven Interviewer: And after twenty-nine 856C: Thirty Interviewer: And after thirty-nine 856C: Well after twenty-nine comes thirty and then after thirty comes thirty-one Sometimes there's a month in February you know you don't get that thirty-one Interviewer: Then after thirty-nine 856C: Not thirty-nine you don't have no thirty-nine After thirty-nine comes forty Interviewer: Well these are numbers 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And um after sixty-nine 856C: Seventy Interviewer: And after uh ninety-nine 856C: One hundred Interviewer: And after nine hundred ninety-nine 856C: A thousand Interviewer: And then nine hundred ninety-nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine 856C: Twenty thousand Interviewer: And then the next big the big hundred thousands and then one 856C: One hundred thousand Interviewer: And then the next big thing you put another zero you have 856C: Yeah Two hundred thousand Interviewer: And then after nine hundred thousand what do you have a mi- 856C: Million Interviewer: And if there are ten men standing in a line the man at the head of the line is the fir- 856C: First Interviewer: and then the 856C: Second Third Interviewer: And then 856C: Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Interviewer: And um if somebody said you know my good luck just comes a little at a time and they might say but my bad luck comes how would they say all 856C: Often Interviewer: Or all at 856C: All together something like that Interviewer: Do you ever hear all at once 856C: All at once All at once Interviewer: And if that happened one time you'd say it happened 856C: Two times Interviewer: Or twi- 856C: Uh twice Interviewer: And the months of the year 856C: Months of the year January February March April June July August September October November December January Interviewer: And do you ever say good day 856C: Good day well seldom I say good day I say good afternoon or good morning Interviewer: Well do you ever hear good day 856C: I've had a good day I've had a good day Interviewer: You'd never say that in meeting or in parting with somebody you never say good day 856C: No I don't believe I have I've said I had a good afternoon or a good morning Interviewer: All right but not a good day well if the wind is coming from that direction 856C: South Interviewer: What do you say the wind is what 856C: The wind's turning to the south It's blowing from the south Interviewer: And what about from this direction 856C: North Got a northern You got a northern Interviewer: Do you have a name like the wind is coming from that direction 856C: E- east wind Interviewer: Not the east 856C: southeast wind there's a mean wind That's cool wind south south east wind Interviewer: What about that direction 856C: West wind that's good wind that's good wind Interviewer: Just in between them 856C: Sign of rain Interviewer: Between the east and between the south 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say it's the south 856C: S- Interviewer: Is that a sign of rain 856C: Yeah a sign of rain Whenever the winds come from the east either the northeast or southeast it's a sign of rain Interviewer: What about from this direction 856C: Well that's north Interviewer: In between the north and the 856C: West Interviewer: In between the north and the west you'd say that's the northwest 856C: The northwest wind northwest wind Interviewer: What does that wind mean bring 856C: Well that brings kind of change in the weather Interviewer: And if it's raining you know but it's not raining real hard like it's just a little bit like if you wanted to walk to your mailbox you wouldn't think anything about you know it's just a little 856C: Little shower It's just a little shower Interviewer: Would you say it's a shower if it was just coming down all just constant but it's real light 856C: Real light Just a drizzle Interviewer: And what about if there was sort of a heavy white mist outside you couldn't just you couldn't see 856C: It's a fog Interviewer: What kind of day would you say that was 856C: It's a foggy day Interviewer: And um does it ever not rain here for a long time 856C: Well at times it doesn't at times it doesn't Interviewer: What do you say it is what do you that kind of weather you say you have a what 856C: Change in the weather We had a change in the weather Interviewer: What would you if it didn't rain for for 856C: We've had a dry spell Interviewer: What if it doesn't rain for about four months or something 856C: We've had a awful dry spell Interviewer: And it doesn't rain for a whole year or something what do you say 856C: Well we've had a drought Interviewer: Does that does it ever get cold enough here like just to kill the tomatoes and the flowers 856C: Yes sir yes sir Interviewer: What do you what do you say something like that is 856C: Well we had an early frost or early spring Interviewer: Is there any difference in a in a frost that is uh uh real heavy and one that's just light 856C: Well l- l- l- light frost is is not so cold but a heavy frost is is cold weather Interviewer: And does the lake ever like or a pond ever get solid 856C: Solid sheet of water froze over Interviewer: Has that ever happened here 856C: It does once in a while Interviewer: Have you ever seen it happen 856C: Yes sir I've seen it happen Interviewer: Tell me about it 856C: Well I've just seen it froze over you know you go out and look at it and all the water's froze over {NW} It doesn't have no running stream or nothing Water that runs doesn't freeze Interviewer: So that's why the lake will get 856C: That's right Interviewer: Well you know we're sitting in this room but if this was a house or something you might have two rooms like this you know one for the company maybe and one for the family 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you how would you separate 856C: Well you separate the bedrooms from the living room Interviewer: Would you live would there be more than one living room 856C: Well not hardly There'd be one living room for a smaller house you know Interviewer: What about a big house 856C: A big house it may have have a a parlor or either a living room or something like that you know Interviewer: What's the parlor 856C: Parlor is a is really a really room with {X} or something like that you know Interviewer: That's for entertaining 856C: Entertainment that's right Interviewer: For company or what 856C: Company Interviewer: Well when you have the when the roof of your house have you ever {X} 856C: {D: Yep} Yeah Interviewer: Where the roof of the comes together {X} what is that place do you ever know a name for that place where the roofs come together then 856C: Well not particular but it it comes together then it forms a leak Sometimes in the house When it comes together that way Water runs down freely Interviewer: Have you ever heard that called anything that place where the water runs down there 856C: Gutter Call it a gutter Interviewer: And what about you know we were talking the other day about barns and things on the farms 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Do you know of a place have you ever seen to store grain just have a special place to eat grain 856C: Yes sir I've seen that Interviewer: What do you call something like that 856C: Well you call it a barn with a with a different different things you store corn in it you store you store grain in it you store grai- uh bales of hay in it vast things of course Interviewer: Well 856C: Combination of barn Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a granary and a granary or anything like that 856C: Well I reckon I have too you might call that the granary Interviewer: What is that have you do they have them around here 856C: Well not often not now used to when it's big farming here you know farm People don't farm much now They don't farm much they they {X} There's no farming done in this country now It's just breaking land and planting grass and stuff for the cattle Interviewer: {X} 856C: There's no cotton farming here now Interviewer: {X} 856C: I'm a cotton farmer I'm a expert cotton farmer now Interviewer: Tell me about that 856C: Well I know when to plant cotton and when to how to prepare your land and everything Interviewer: How do you know when to plant 856C: Well you you pick it when the no- frost is over with and everything long about April You plant There's two ways of planting now you can take a {X} The bed and another cotton planter Put out the seed behind you can take a riding planter with a team to it and put out all of it at the same time put out your seed and that's your sweeps come behind and cut it Interviewer: {X} 856C: Yeah {WN} But the best way to break land now Nowadays is with a tractor and not the old-time way with a sweep stock I mean a turning plow {NW} I'll tell you in the later years when I was farming I broke my land with a a tractor Get so much deeper and get a good good good bed A tr- a s- Turning plow doesn't break so deep But a tractor will Interviewer: A tractor is better for it 856C: Yes sir tractor for it Interviewer: Well what do you call in the house you know if your fine dishes and stuff you said that's what that you eat off of 856C: That's dining room Interviewer: And the dishes are your fine 856C: China Interviewer: Well have you ever on the farm you kept chickens didn't you 856C: Yeah kept chickens Interviewer: Did you ever have to put anything in the hen's nest to make her sit on the nest 856C: No sometimes you put an egg there to make her sit on the nest Interviewer: Would it be a real egg or 856C: Well it'd be glass egg or something like that Could be a real egg Interviewer: Did they ever have those artificial eggs made out of china 856C: Yeah that's right Interviewer: What did they call those 856C: They'd call them artificial eggs Interviewer: They'd call it ever call it a china egg 856C: China egg something like that Interviewer: And you were telling me the other day about hominy is there anything like hominy that you would eat at breakfast 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: Was it 856C: Yes sir Well that'd be hominy for breakfast You'd cook the hominy out of corn shells you know and you would have hominy for breakfast warm it over you know It'd already been cooked but you warm it over and set it for breakfast which is good eating It's good eating Interviewer: Is that a whole grain 856C: Whole grain yes sir Interviewer: Did they ever have it ground up almost like meal 856C: Well they had it ground up like meal but you used it for meal Interviewer: What about something like grits or something 856C: Grits grits similar similar similar ground up and corn Interviewer: Is that like hominy 856C: No it's not as large as hominy it's fine it's fine grain Interviewer: You eat grits very much 856C: Yeah I eat I've eaten grits Grits is good on gravy now Interviewer: Well what do you call this thing you had this pretty plant 856C: Well I call that a flower pot Interviewer: Would you put if you went outside and got some flowers out there it would just grow 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you put in that like on your table over there 856C: well I'd put them on the table I'd put them on depending on what kind of flowers it is I'd put them on a table Artificial flowers like that you know and they stay the same color all the time Interviewer: Well those are 856C: {D: Texture} Uh {NW} Plastic they're plastic Interviewer: They're very pretty 856C: Yeah They're plastic Now on my wife's tombstone out there on her grave I have a plastic flower stays there pretty all the time It cost me thirty dollars Interviewer: Is it in something 856C: No it ain't nothing in in nothing but some a flame and a stick in the ground it's in a pot and it sticks in the ground and it stays pretty all the time hangs in a pot I've had that there a month now and I was out there yesterday and it was just like it was a month ago Interviewer: That is nice 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: Well if you went outside and you wanted to get some flowers did any grow around you or did your wife ever have some 856C: Well she's had flowers growing at home She'd go out there and pick out the prettiest flowers and put it in a vase in the house Interviewer: Well after you would you put those on the table if you're having company or something 856C: Having over over company having company Interviewer: Tell me about having company about you had company 856C: Well we'd have company and of course we'd It depends on the time of the day if they come for dinner we'd have a nice dinner for them {NW} If they come for supper we'd have a nice supper for them {NW} And we'd have service to wait on them and everything Interviewer: Would you have something would you say something to him to ask him how would you invite him in to eat 856C: You know it's now eating time now and we invite y'all in to supper or breakfast or supper or dinner or something like that and we get up and rise and go in the dining room That's where we eat in the dining room that's the table and chairs all around where you eat Dining room is a place where you eat Interviewer: Would say anything to him to ask him to sit down 856C: Ask a blessing I'd ask someone in the bunch to return thanks Interviewer: And then would you be standing up then or sitting down 856C: Sitting down Interviewer: Well what would you say to them like {X} well why don't y'all 856C: Why don't y'all sit down Why don't y'all sit down now and we'll got to eat supper Interviewer: And what about if it was just the family how you know how would you 856C: Well the family it's the same way Family it's the same way we always return thanks when we eat Interviewer: And what would you say to the family to them supper was ready 856C: Supper's ready Hon y'all come on in now and sit down and return thanks Interviewer: Well after you ate what did your wife do with the dishes 856C: She'd wash them and and dry them Interviewer: What 856C: Mo- most of the time the cook would We'd have a cook you know Interviewer: Oh yes sir well what was what was the cook washing with 856C: Washing with water water and soap Did she have something something to rub on She had some kind of I don't know some kind of spots I don't know what you call it some kind of dish washing powders or something like that Interviewer: Would she have a rag or 856C: Rag have a rag Interviewer: And you'd have what about after she put all that soap on them with the rag would she put it under the clear water to get 856C: Clear water to rinse them Call that rinsing them Interviewer: What did you said she dried what did she dry them with 856C: She'd dry them with a cloth Interviewer: Just call it a cloth 856C: Cloth Interviewer: What about in the bathroom what do you wash your face with do you have a 856C: Water and soap Interviewer: And do you have a cloth or a rag 856C: Cloth I have a cloth To dry your face off with or something like that Interviewer: What about to wash it do you use anything there 856C: Wash them Interviewer: You're washing your face 856C: You wash your face you use a towel Interviewer: To wash it with 856C: To to dry it with Interviewer: But what about to wash it with do you have any 856C: Well you have soap and water to wash it with Interviewer: Well if you're going to wash your face do you just pick up the soap and wash it or do you have a cloth 856C: I have a cloth and then rub it together to get it lathered and then wash your face Interviewer: What do you call that cloth that you wash your face with just 856C: Well you call it a rag You might say bath rag Interviewer: What about in the in the kitchen there what is that thing that the water comes out of in the sink 856C: Spout Call it a spout Interviewer: Would you call it the same thing if it was out in the yard {X} 856C: Well no you'd call it a water hose Call that a water hose Interviewer: Well what do you connect the house to out in the yard 856C: Out to the something to wash the rinse the yard off with and put water water the grass and stuff hose Interviewer: What do you do you screw the hose on 856C: Screw the hose on to pipe them faucet on to the faucet Interviewer: And you said you ate down here at the restaurant 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Cafe do you what do you drink there for lunch 856C: I drink generally drink coffee and sometimes I drink tea Interviewer: Do they have the coffee there ready 856C: Yeah have it have it ready made coffee Interviewer: What does it come out of 856C: It comes out of a coffee r- {D: spin} or whatever you call it there Interviewer: An urn 856C: Urn call it an urn Interviewer: Well does that thing have a little thing on it to let coffee fall 856C: That's right Turn it off and off and off off and on Interviewer: What do you call that thing there 856C: Unless you call it a faucet Call it a faucet Interviewer: And does that you know you said you'd seen a lake uh freeze over 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well what happens to your pipes in weather like that 856C: Well don't have no pipes in the lake it just froze over be out in the pasture but where you got running water in a lake it doesn't freeze over running water doesn't freeze over Interviewer: What about the pipes of the house does anything happen 856C: Yeah they they freeze Interviewer: Oh they do 856C: They freeze and you have to get a plumber to come fix them up they'll bust Interviewer: I didn't I didn't know 856C: I generally cut the water off all night you see and drain out the pipes but yet you come in best contact while they'll freeze and bust the pipes after doing all that Interviewer: You were telling me the other day about things that you had in the kitchen that your wife and the cook might cook with 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And was there ever anything in the kitchen that might be shaped sort of like this you know 856C: {D: A phone} {D: Yeah a phone} Interviewer: You use a phone 856C: Yeah I use a phone Interviewer: And uh and you were telling me some interesting things about a wagon the other day maybe the horses are 856C: Yeah horses Interviewer: What'd you connect the horse to 856C: You'd protect the horse to the wagon with a tongue a tongue stuck out and you'd put one horse on each side of it and breast them up to the neck so the collar and hook the tracers up and they'd pull the wagon on and on Interviewer: So what do the tracers go back to 856C: Tracers go back to the single tree Interviewer: If you had two of them did you just have a single tree 856C: Double tree Interviewer: Mm-hmm and did anybody ever burn coal here 856C: Not that I know of I've never seen no coal burned here Interviewer: I didn't know if people use it 856C: No they don't use it here Interviewer: Well 856C: I've seen it used one time I believe over at the {D: cotton oil mill} Interviewer: Did they bring it in to the oil mill 856C: Yeah and set fire to a furnace there And burn coal I don't know what purpose they use it for only other than heat or something like that Interviewer: Well if it's just used for heat did they go outside and bring it in in something 856C: That's right bring that in a container and empty it in a funnel and and Interviewer: What'd they call that container they brought in there 856C: I reckon they call it coal container Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything like a a coal bucket or a coal stove or anything 856C: Yeah a coal bucket Interviewer: And out on the farm did you have something that you one wheel on the front and two handles you might use it out up in the yard to carry things in like if you brought home a fifty-pound sack of feed or something what would you put it in to take it out to the barn 856C: Well I generally put it in over my shoulder and take it But you can have a little wagon there to take that in to Interviewer: What about a wheel 856C: Wheelbarrow wheelbarrow Interviewer: You have one of those 856C: Yeah I had one of this Interviewer: And what did did the cook wear anything in the kitchen over her dress to keep it 856C: She drove a had a napkin or a white sheet of cloth you know kind of Interviewer: Like an ap- 856C: Ap- rap- uh Interviewer: ap 856C: ap- apron we use apron Interviewer: Well what about uh when you moved into this apartment these are pretty uh that's a pretty tablecloth over there did you go out and buy that then 856C: Yes I was given that for Christmas present Interviewer: Oh yes sir 856C: From my sister Interviewer: Well it's very pretty I bet you enjoy having it 856C: Yeah Interviewer: If you wanted uh to get some curtains to match it or something you know you might go down to the store here and you might say well I'm not sure this is the same cloth so they might cut a little what to give you 856C: Sample a little sample Interviewer: What do you call this 856C: {D: Pine pin} Interviewer: And uh I know you had children so when your children were babies what'd you hold their diapers together with 856C: Safety pins Interviewer: Oh you did 856C: Yeah so I held them together with safety pins Interviewer: And a dime is 856C: {NW} ten cents Interviewer: Did you ever uh was there ever a time when you grew so much that your coat fit you one year and the next year it was too small 856C: Too small no sir I never had any of that happen I've always been practically the same size all my life and I haven't gained any weight or lost no weight Interviewer: Well let's say that you did or something would you say you might put on a coat and say well this coat 856C: Too small or too large Interviewer: And you'd say but last year it 856C: It fit tight Interviewer: And uh if I put something in my pocket if I had uh two packs of cigarettes or something in my pocket and made it stick out like this 856C: {D: There} Interviewer: It would you say my pocket did what it bul- 856C: Bulge out Need two pockets to your shirt that's the reason I've got this on this morning {NW} I keep {X} one and pencils in the other and things like that I got {NW} I never wear a shirt now unless I got two pockets in it It's become convenient Interviewer: That is nice that's a 856C: I loan money you know to different people and always kept plenty fountain pens and check books and money too Interviewer: Yes sir that's a good idea is there a kind of land around here you know like down next to the Ocean or somewhere where just a lot of grass grows and the tide of the ocean comes in and goes out over it but they can't use the land because it's got water on it most of the time 856C: Well you'd call that a a self-made deck down there it's a Interviewer: You ever heard that called anything like marsh 856C: Marsh yeah I've heard it called marsh too Interviewer: How what is a marsh 856C: A marsh is a wet spot of land where it kind of bogs down when you walk on it or something hits it and walk bogs down or something Interviewer: Are there any of those around here 856C: I have some of them on my place {NW} the cows will run to it and you can't put no horses in there and they'll just stand there You can't drive them out your dogs can't get in there it's all bog you know {NW} And uh I have to wait until another time try to get them Interviewer: That sort of gets in your way I guess 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Well along the ocean would you call those marshes too 856C: I'd call them marshes too Interviewer: Well uh do you grow any kind of fruit out there now 856C: Not now I did plums Interviewer: Yes sir well when you grew those plums if you if they dropped on the ground I guess they did sometimes 856C: Yeah they'd drop on the ground Interviewer: What would the skins do after they would dry a little 856C: They'd dry up a little bit and then it'd be insect bite in them or something like that Interviewer: Would they 856C: Shrink they'd shrink Interviewer: Did they ever shrivel did they ever get sort of whithered looking and 856C: Yeah that's right Interviewer: Is that the same as like a shrivel 856C: A shrivel Interviewer: That would you ever use that word to describe what they were like 856C: Well it dried up I'd use that they dried up or shriveled up Interviewer: Did you did you ever grow lettuce 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: You did 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: Tell me about that 856C: Well you'd you'd set the seed out in the bed of a garden I just used it in the garden now and you just hold one plot just like you did anything else until it comes to a head and then you cut it off and carry it into the house and you'd have lettuce Interviewer: How many would you make 856C: I'd make maybe twenty thirty heads of lettuce Interviewer: When you speak of a head of lettuce would you use that if you were talking about cab or something 856C: Cabbage no I wouldn't use that on a Interviewer: Head 856C: I I'd use that with a head of cabbage a hood of cabbage Now I'd use it when I'd say a hood of cabbage not a head of cabbage One head of cabbage I use that one head of bulbs or something like that but as far as lettuce it'd be one head or two heads something like that Interviewer: Well if you had a herd and you said how many cattle you got in that herd 856C: I have fifty Cattle in that herd Interviewer: Would you ever say fifty head or anything 856C: Fifty head fifty head Interviewer: What about if you were talking about children would you ever use that word then 856C: Yeah I'd use that word children I have five children Interviewer: Would you ever say you had five head 856C: No I wouldn't say five head of children I'd say five children Interviewer: Have you ever heard that though people say 856C: No I never have heard them say five head of children Interviewer: What about eleven or something like that a lot of them 856C: A herd I have a herd of children Interviewer: Oh you've heard that 856C: Yeah I've heard that Interviewer: That's interesting uh have you ever heard if there were a whole lot of if there fifty children or something how would you say that would you say that was a 856C: I'd rather have a hundred head of children Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a tassel 856C: A what Interviewer: A tassel 856C: Never have Interviewer: Like a tassel of children 856C: No I never have heard that Interviewer: Or a tassel of geese or something 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: And what do you eat with like when you have when you're fixing your supper or something 856C: Eat with plates sauce and a knife If you had a dessert you'd have that in different bowls you know a spoon in it or something like that Interviewer: What do you bring your food to your mouth with 856C: Fork Interviewer: Have you ever used more than one knife 856C: No I don't believe I have unless cutting up meat or something like that now You'd cut up meat for supper or dinner or stuff with a butcher knife Interviewer: So you'd have two 856C: Two two knives you have two knives Knife to use on the plate and then you have that Interviewer: Well is there a place around here anywhere like over at the lake or something over at Lake Winston or Lake Conroe where the boats come up and tie up to the place 856C: Shoreline They call that the shoreline Interviewer: Do they have any built places though where they could tie up a 856C: Well not that I know of they have them all right now I don't know what you call them but They come up to the shoreline and park and tie up Interviewer: What have you ever been down to the Houston ship ship channel 856C: Yeah I've been I worked down there Interviewer: Oh you did 856C: Yes sir Interviewer: What'd you do down there? 856C: I loaded cotton and loaded two hundred pound sacks of flour and everything like that on this little truck little truck you know with handles to it Interviewer: I didn't know that how long did you do that 856C: I've done that for about three months Interviewer: When was that 856C: That was in nineteen twenty-three Interviewer: Tell me about it about that kind of work 856C: Well you got paid per the hour and you'd go off on six hours and come back on six hours {D} and you'd wear everyday clothes you know and dirty work Interviewer: Oh it was 856C: And I've loaded up two hundred pound sacks of flour I loaded bales of cotton on it they put catch it and then put it on the shelf Interviewer: Well were you working on the shoreline or 856C: on the shoreline I was working on the shoreline in the warehouse {X} to the shoreline Interviewer: Was the warehouse built out on a 856C: platform Interviewer: Well I don't guess the ships would come right in against 856C: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 the wind # 856C: not right against it but pretty close to it and then they'd have tongs and water come stretch out and get it and load it on Interviewer: Would you walk out by the ship is there anything that stuck way out there you know 856C: No it would be just a walk There'd be a walk stick out there Interviewer: Oh to walk out beside the 856C: Walk out beside the ship Interviewer: Well if you wanted to if you were you know in the warehouse and you heard that there was a ship sinking or something way out in the channel 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And you wanted to get as far out in the channel to look down to see you know what it was how would 856C: Well I'd I'd go to the walls out there next to the channel and look and see Interviewer: Is a wharf there 856C: There'd be a wharf yeah Interviewer: How far out would it get 856C: It'd go out maybe several feet fifteen to twenty feet out the wharf Interviewer: Is there any place around here like on the creeks or rivers or anything where it's rocky and the water falls a long way over 856C: Well not especially that way but We have a few waterfalls you know and a river {X} river Yeah it'll be some rocks you know piled up there you know and then the creek would be lower and the water would run on down and hit the lower part of the creek Interviewer: #1 and we # Aux: #2 how far # 856C: we have that Interviewer: how far is a waterfall 856C: a waterfall would be eight or ten feet Interviewer: And uh what do you call I was noticing when I walked out it's so pretty out there this morning what do you call that thing you walk down between these buildings to come down here to your apartment 856C: Call that a concrete walk Interviewer: And if it's running along the side of the street what do you call that like in front of the Texas cafe 856C: There Interviewer: What do you call that 856C: You call that a road I reckon Interviewer: Well if I 856C: Concrete road Interviewer: Well you know right there in front of the 856C: Sidewalk you'd call it a sidewalk Interviewer: Is there any place here in Huntsville where the sidewalk and the road are separated by a strip of grass or something 856C: Well it'd be separated with a curb a concrete curb I don't know about grass But on the highway it is separated with grass Interviewer: Between the sidewalk 856C: Sidewalk and the highway Interviewer: What do you call that strip like that in the grass ever heard it called anything 856C: I don't I haven't heard it called anything That's the dividing line between the sidewalk and the street uh Interviewer: What's a boulevard 856C: A boulevard Well I don't exactly know what a boulevard is it's a large settlement of buildings in a lower lower level of land and all you call that a boulevard Interviewer: Explain that to me I don't understand that 856C: How do I I can't I don't know exactly what a boulevard is Interviewer: Are there any around here 856C: Well there's some in Houston there's not any here Interviewer: Did crows ever get into your corn and stuff around 856C: Oh yeah they'd get in your corn and just ruin it Interviewer: Well if you were walking along by a field or something you know and you saw some crows you know eating your corn what would you do 856C: I I'd go back to the house and get my gun and guard it and shoot it shoot the crows Interviewer: Well would you ever like just reach over 856C: Replant it I'd have to replant it Interviewer: You would 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Do you ever just like reach over and pick up a you know something to you know just when you were a child say just walking by 856C: Well I'd reach down and pick it up and see what it's doing Interviewer: Well would you pick up anything to throw at it or anything 856C: I'd pick up a rock or a stick or something like that Interviewer: So like if you did that you know for your uncle's corn you know when you got back you'd say you picked up a rock and 856C: Threw it Interviewer: And uh if you you know came to visit somebody who lived in an apartment let's say you didn't live here and you came to visit and you knock on the door and nobody came to the door you'd say 856C: Well I'd say no one's here Interviewer: So you'd say I guess there's no one 856C: Guess there's no one here and I'd leave Interviewer: Well would you ever say I guess there's no one something home 856C: Home {NS} No one home Interviewer: And what about if uh if uh you know that woman that cleans up for you 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Whose apartments these are if she was in the kitchen washing the dishes or something she was standing right there 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Washing the dishes and I came to the door and I said Mr Bowden is the manager here you'd say yeah where would you say she was 856C: Yeah she's here in the in the kitchen Interviewer: And uh and if somebody's not walking away from you then you say he's walking 856C: He's walking away from me he's walking another way another direction Interviewer: Well if somebody you know might be walking away from you they might turn right around and start walking straight 856C: He's straight he's turning and walking towards me Interviewer: And what do you drink with breakfast you know kind of 856C: I drink grapefruit juice and orange juice Interviewer: Do you ever drink something to wake you up 856C: No I never have drank nothing to wake me up cause I wake up at five o'clock automatically every morning I've been up since five this morning Interviewer: Five this morning 856C: That's right Interviewer: Do you drink uh that black stuff that's hot 856C: Hot tea or coffee Yeah I drink hot tea and coffee Interviewer: What do you put in it 856C: Just coffee and and and barley and then that just boils and everything then you just put it in a cup and set it and drink it I drank three cups of coffee this morning Interviewer: Do you do you put anything in it to flavor 856C: Sugar Interviewer: So you like your coffee 856C: Yeah I don't like my coffee sugared but you put sugar in it though I drink it plain Interviewer: So you said you like your coffee without 856C: Without sugar Interviewer: And some people like their coffee with 856C: With sugar Interviewer: What about cream 856C: Well I don't drin- use cream but some people use cream and sugar Interviewer: And so I guess you could say um that some people like their coffee 856C: Strong or weak Interviewer: Or with what about milk 856C: With with cream They like coffee with cream in it Interviewer: What about milk does anybody drink it that way with milk 856C: Well they drink plain milk they drink plain I drank a glass of milk this morning Interviewer: Oh you did 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Do uh did you do you ever you don't put anything in your coffee is that right 856C: No I don't put sugar or nothing in there cream or nothing Interviewer: Did any do you ever call that when you drink coffee like that anything else ever heard it 856C: Well you drink it straight just call it straight Interviewer: Ever heard it called barefoot coffee 856C: No I don't believe I ever called it barefoot coffee Interviewer: You know you were telling me the other day about you know some of the animals that live around here in the woods 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Did you ever keep an animal around the house to keep those animals away 856C: Dogs Interviewer: You did 856C: Kept dogs Interviewer: Tell me about it 856C: Well they'd come up toward the house you know my dogs and stress them out and bark and run but out my way now I understand I've got a big bunch of wolves on my place Interviewer: Wolves 856C: And I've got deer too Interviewer: Do you have any dogs out there 856C: I have dogs out there I had dogs out there I have them now but they did chase the wolves away and kept barking you know and kept them away now and dead too Interviewer: What kind of wolves I mean what kind of dogs do you have 856C: I had just common dogs cur dogs and hound dogs Interviewer: Is uh did anybody you ever see anybody keep a dog maybe just as a pet 856C: Oh yeah Interviewer: It's a small noisy yappy kind of dog 856C: That's right Interviewer: What do you call that kind of dog 856C: Well I'd just call him a pet dog I wouldn't have one myself Interviewer: Ever heard it called anything like a vise or anything 856C: Yeah vise Interviewer: Is that a kind of dog 856C: Well it's a little small dog Vise is a little small dog Interviewer: Well if some wolves came up to you out there around the house and you had your dog out what would you say to the dog 856C: Sic em called it sic em Interviewer: You ever get bitten by a dog 856C: Never have Interviewer: Does that will your dog do that 856C: My dog wouldn't bite me no I never I never have been bitten by a dog Interviewer: Does that happen around here very often 856C: It happens once in a while Sometimes they think this is mad dog and it'd be a germ infection or it'd have shots put in Interviewer: Well so if a man that happened he might go to the doctor's office and say well the reason I'm here is that I got what 856C: Bit I got bit by a dog Interviewer: Would you ever say you got dog bit 856C: Dog bit Interviewer: And uh what about uh you know you were talking about the cow or the bull did you have any of the bull called anything else 856C: No I don't believe I have nothing but a bull Interviewer: What about the uh uh male horse did you ever call him anything 856C: Stud horse called him a stud horse Interviewer: Any other names for it you've heard 856C: No I don't believe I have Interviewer: What about the female 856C: Well a mare call her a mare Interviewer: Well I guess if you were keeping cattle you'd look forward to your cows 856C: Yeah Interviewer: having 856C: Calves Interviewer: Well so if that was gonna happen you'd say that cow is going to what 856C: Have a calf She's gonna have a calf Interviewer: Uh you were talking about insects the other day 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Tell me about those insects you know some more about them what kind of insects around here 856C: Well you got insects you got uh fleahoppers They they hope on dogs and possums and you got uh I don't know what kind of stuff we got Interviewer: Do you have any that build big papery 856C: Wasps we have wasps Interviewer: You do 856C: Yeah wasps spiders you have spider nests Interviewer: Do you have anything that would a wasp sting you or 856C: Wasps sting you Interviewer: Do you have anything else that would sting you maybe bigger than a wasp 856C: Well we have a d- dirt dauber but he won't sting hardly sting you or he'll light on you Interviewer: So tell me about the dirt daubers then 856C: Dirt daubers is kind of a black looking creature flies and a wasp is red looking and he'll sting you quick a wasp will Interviewer: Is there anything bigger than a wasp though like this builds a big paper gray colored nest that uh like a have you ever heard of a hornet something like that 856C: Hornet's nest I've heard of a hornet's nest Interviewer: What 856C: They build that inside the tree Interviewer: What builds that 856C: The hornets I don't know they've got a hole in a tree there and they form a nest in there Interviewer: And you know when we talked about that and you told me about you fish with worms 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Tell me about the kind you know what kind of worms 856C: Well you'd dig them up out of the earth it's just one of them's in the ground you know and almost any kind of ground and you dig them up and mostly in black land or stiff land and dig them up and separate them and put them on your hook and fish with them Interviewer: Well would you ever fish like with the hornets 856C: No I never did fish with a hornet Interviewer: Well what about other kind of animals did you ever fish with any other bug 856C: Well I have with bees and grasshoppers I've fished with grasshoppers grasshoppers are good bait Interviewer: You ever fish with a little what is it a little uh bug a little uh fish a little small fish 856C: Little perch I've fished with a little perch the little minnows Interviewer: Is that is a minnow and a perch the same thing 856C: No a minnow is smaller smaller than a perch Interviewer: You mentioned spiders uh do you have any trouble with them 856C: Well last month They they build nests in the top of your house or side of your house and stuff like that you know {NW} And in the wheelhouse and you got to be particular they'll build them in the garage Interviewer: What do you call that that 856C: Wasp's nest {NW} I just call it wasp's nest We've got a wasp's nest around the whole place Interviewer: But what about the spiders do they build anything 856C: The spiders build things too Interviewer: What do they build 856C: They build little nests Interviewer: What do you call them 856C: Just spider is all I know of Interviewer: The thing they build have you ever heard it called like a spider web or cobweb 856C: Oh yeah Spider web Cobweb Interviewer: Is that the same thing 856C: Same thing Interviewer: Well where do they build them 856C: They build them in the roof of the house or the roof of the inside closure or something like that Interviewer: Would they build one in here 856C: No they wouldn't build one here because they can't get in here Interviewer: So they don't build them in your 856C: They don't build them in your house They build them on the side of the house or side of the roof Interviewer: Uh do you like to eat sea food 856C: I like fish I do Interviewer: What kind of fish do you get here 856C: I like catfish and perch and trout Interviewer: Is that freshwater or is that 856C: Freshwater I don't like cold saltwater fish Interviewer: Oh you don't 856C: No Interviewer: All right so you 856C: Just don't tas- taste natural Interviewer: Hmm do you get many of them around here 856C: You get a lot of them near here Interviewer: What kind of fish do they get 856C: Well they get Catfish fried catfish some trout and stuff like that but it's against the law it's banned for the sale scaled fish well it's trout and scaled fish Interviewer: Hmm what about 856C: You have to go out and fish and get them yourself You can't sell it Interviewer: Do you like any food they get out of the ocean here 856C: Nothing but fish that's all I like Interviewer: You like shrimp 856C: Shrimp I don't my wife did I never have tasted a shrimp in my life Interviewer: What about those other little things that have shells 856C: Oysters you talking about oysters I like oysters Interviewer: Oh you do 856C: Yeah Oysters are good Interviewer: Well did uh do you ever uh you know see molasses sold at the store 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Tell me about it 856C: Well it's been sold It's been round up somewhere in the field somewhere and it's been stored in a bucket a little half gallon bucket A gallon bucket and then they take them around to the feeding stores and different places for sale and that's where I've always bought my molasses is the feeding store because of homemade sugar cane and syrup Interviewer: So would they put it out in the middle of the floor or anything 856C: No put it out on the table Interviewer: What would you call that down on the table a big what just would you call it a display or a stand 856C: Big display Interviewer: Well if there was a bowl of fruit right there and a bowl full of oranges or something and uh you know you came in here and you saw the oranges and you went back in the room and while you were back there maybe uh you know your grandchildren were over here or something they might get them all 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And you come back and say why the oranges are 856C: All gone {NW} Interviewer: And if uh when your children were learning to dress themselves 856C: Yeah Interviewer: what would your mother say to I mean your wife say to them you know 856C: She'd try the dresses on and say it fits real well It fits real well or either it's too long Interviewer: Well if the child wanted to you know dress himself or something 856C: Yeah Interviewer: #1 She might take the clothes and say well what # 856C: #2 Yeah # They'll do or they won't do Interviewer: Say or she might just pick out the clothes that 856C: Pick out the clothes and {X} Interviewer: And say here 856C: Here take this one Interviewer: So she'd say here would she say here are your clothes or what 856C: Here are your clothes I want you to wear Interviewer: And uh uh if I asked you if you thought Jimmy Carter or somebody was gonna be president you know you'd say well I don't know but what but if you talk about other people you'd say that 856C: I don't know what the other folks gonna do but I ain't gonna vote for him I'm gonna vote for so and so Interviewer: And so and but you if I said well how do the other people in town feel you'd say 856C: Yeah Interviewer: They're 856C: Same thing They feel the same way towards him as I do Interviewer: And uh and if you had an argument with somebody and they just you know wouldn't change their mind at all you'd say well I'm right 856C: Yeah I'm right And he's contrary as hell Interviewer: And uh and you might speak to that person he says he might call you something what would he call you for instance you know what would he say to you you know 856C: That you just don't know your language or something like that Interviewer: And then you'd say I don't care what you say I'm right 856C: I'm right Interviewer: And what would you how would you would you say anything else to him 856C: Well I'd say I'm right in pronouncing the name of it Interviewer: And well what would you call a person like that you'd say that's being contrary as hell anything else 856C: Ignorant as hell either ignorant or don't know nothing Interviewer: Well if you know if you you know had enough information to prove to him that you know he was thinking wrong then you could say look here you see this this is you've got the wrong idea and he wouldn't change his mind #1 mind # 856C: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: You'd say he was just 856C: Been converted He's been converted Interviewer: So he's just a 856C: Fool Interviewer: Well and the way he was acting would be you'd say now don't be so what 856C: Contrary Interviewer: Would you ever say another word there like stub- 856C: Stubborn Interviewer: Do you ever say that 856C: Yeah I've used that word stubborn Interviewer: Well what about somebody who isn't like that who was just real easy to get along with you know what do you call a person like 856C: He's an easygoing fella Interviewer: And uh uh what about like a horse if a horse is you know just you know never loses its temper or anything and always does what you want it to do 856C: He's calm He's calm the horse is calm And one that's not calm would be contrary he's contrary Interviewer: Well what about if a if a man uh is just a little overweight but he's very you know very strong you know how would you describe him 856C: Well I'd describe him he's a little overweight but it's not seemed to hurt him no way Interviewer: What well what about if he's not really overweight he's just a big powerful person 856C: Powerful Interviewer: Big 856C: He's a big boned fella he's a giant fella Interviewer: Would you ever use the word stout 856C: Stout yeah you'd use the word stout Interviewer: How would you use that what does that mean 856C: He's a stout built person Interviewer: What does stout mean when you use it like that 856C: Well that's big boned and plenty of flesh on him and everything I'd call that a stout person Interviewer: Well uh you know when a when a boy is in his teen years you know he sort of grows real tall and not very wide 856C: Yeah Interviewer: big and you know he seems to be all arms and legs you know just can't walk through a room without stumbling over #1 something # 856C: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Uh you'd say well he's mighty what 856C: M- mighty mighty I don't know but he's mighty outgrown himself mighty outgrown himself Interviewer: Well the way he walks though you say he was mighty 856C: Stumbling Interviewer: And what about the way he looked he looked so funny 856C: He was trying to look funny look kind of weak like or something Interviewer: Would you say he was like have you ever heard any other like gangly or 856C: Gangly awkward He's awkward Interviewer: And uh what would you call a person who just never will spend a cent you know 856C: Tight Interviewer: He's a tight person What about somebody who you know who will pay you well you know for the work you do for him but it's hard to get money out of him you know he you have to really put out 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What about somebody like that 856C: He's a tight man tight Let me go in here in the bathroom Interviewer: Yes sir {NS} 856C: Cause I have nothing to do today I need to go out to the farm and see if we've got any mail out there I have a mailbox out there Interviewer: {NW} Well you know would you ever if you were talking about someone being common what would that mean 856C: He's commonplace He doesn't know anything Difference in anything like that Interviewer: When you speak of {D: tracks} what do you mean 856C: Well I mean he's just somebody just hasn't gotten a sense a fool like person {NS} Interviewer: Well what do you call like an old man who you know is still strong and active and doesn't show his age you know you say he's still 856C: A able bodied man Interviewer: And what about somebody who's 80 or something you know who still does all this old 856C: He's still still {X} all right according to his age He still does lots according to his age Interviewer: What about an old woman who's maybe 85 or something 856C: Yeah doing all the work though you'd say she's mighty Mighty thrifty Interviewer: And would that mean that what would that mean you know if you said that she was thrifty 856C: Well she's mighty strong and stout at her age Interviewer: Get by by herself 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Would ever you know say she was a would you ever use that talking about young people would you say they were thrifty or 856C: Well you would thrifty person young is supposed to be thrifty Some of them are not you know some of them are dumb and slow but some of them are thrifty and energetic Interviewer: Well what about pert is there a such thing as pert 856C: Uh what Interviewer: Would you ever say an old person was pert 856C: Well I don't know Interviewer: Well what about if uh if you know your daughter said you know she was going to be here at ten o'clock and she wasn't here you know it was already ten thirty you'd say well I'm beginning to feel just a little 856C: Uneasy about her Interviewer: And what about if uh if it was a you know it was twelve o'clock and she still wasn't here you'd say 856C: Uh I don't know what's happened to her I better call her and see Interviewer: Okay I'm what that she's been stopped by the police 856C: I've been disappointed Interviewer: Well uh what about if you were driving along and the police came up behind you and they with their light flashing 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Because they because you were speeding #1 or something # 856C: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: What would you 856C: He wants me to stop Interviewer: Did uh when you were a child were you ever afraid to walk paths like a dark place in the room or something 856C: No I wasn't afraid Interviewer: Was anybody afraid to pass a graveyard at night or something 856C: No it's sort of Humans like though to pass the graveyard at night but I'm one that wasn't I'd go to the graveyard at night pass by the graveyard at night but as someone that was live beyond the graveyard I had to pass by every night I don't know what they {D: accomplish suspicion or not} but I didn't Interviewer: Why would they were they afraid 856C: I don't know unless they think there gonna be ghosts or something like that you know around the graveyard Interviewer: Well were you ever {X} just for a little while 856C: No I never was Interviewer: Are some people like that all the time 856C: Some people are like that all the time Yes Interviewer: How do you say they are they act what might 856C: They act like a fool or Contrarious devil Interviewer: Well if you were uh if if they were just afraid just for a few minutes like if they were walking along and they heard a loud noise 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Scared them just for a minute though you'd say that they were just what they're just a little 856C: They were scary Interviewer: And if uh if I was talking about somebody I might say well I don't know why she's afraid now cause she what in the past you know cause she 856C: She wasn't in the in the past Interviewer: So you'd say she wasn't 856C: Yeah I'd say she wasn't in the in the past Interviewer: And uh what would you call somebody like who who you know who might leave his apartment and leave his money out on the table and just leave the door open just forget about it that kind of person would be what mighty 856C: Mighty mindless Interviewer: Or would you ever use another word like care- 856C: Careless Interviewer: Well what about uh if you were talking about an old person who sort of had funny ways just people you might say well there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy or you know somebody like that you know but she's just a little bit 856C: Peculiar Peculiar Interviewer: Would you ever use another word there 856C: Well not that I know of {D: mighty peculiarness} Interviewer: Well now what about a word like queer would you ever use that 856C: Queer I usually use the word queer Interviewer: And uh do you have a few examples of you know like how you'd use that word 856C: Well it'd be looking at a different angle on something you know Some would look at it senseless and Well some would look at it queerly and scarier like and afraid like and things like that you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm well if there was uh somebody here in town who said well he's a queer would you mean he was eccentric or what would do you know what that would mean 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: And uh what about if uh if somebody you know likes to you can't you can't joke with him because he'd lose his temper so fast you know you'd say he's mighty what 856C: Mighty uh mighty strange mighty Interviewer: Well if you just 856C: High tempered Interviewer: And uh would uh if somebody was real high tempered and you started kidding with him 856C: Yeah Interviewer: He'd get what 856C: Get mad Interviewer: And uh what if somebody was about to lose their temper you know and starting a fight 856C: Fight Interviewer: You'd say now everybody just 856C: Quiet down Interviewer: Or keep 856C: Keep quiet Interviewer: Would you ever say keep ca- 856C: Calm keep calm Interviewer: When would you say something like that 856C: When it's something about gonna be a fight or something and it looks like it's gonna be a fight you just keep everybody just keep keep calm Interviewer: Well you know if you had been working hard all day you know at the end of the day you {X} you were very what 856C: Very tired Interviewer: And if you were very very tired you'd say you were all 856C: Mostly exhausted Interviewer: Would you ever say like if you used like wear out would you ever say you were all 856C: What to wear out Yeah I'd use that word Interviewer: And at the end of the day you might say you were all I'm completely 856C: Worn out Interviewer: And uh and if a person was well you know like an old woman or something was just well and then suddenly you know you hear that old woman has some disease or something and you say well last night she what 856C: Last night she seemed not to be that way Interviewer: And so you don't know when she 856C: Yeah come- got uh sick Interviewer: And uh and if uh you say that she's sick now and if you don't really know when but you know that sooner or later it'll all be over you'll say but she be up again 856C: In a few days Interviewer: Would you ever say uh if you were talking about traveling somewhere would you say we'll be there 856C: We'll be there Thursday or Friday or a matter of time we'll be there in a matter of time Interviewer: Would you ever say like by by by something like that 856C: By by Interviewer: We'll be there 856C: We'll be there Thursday or Friday or Saturday Interviewer: Well you know if you knew you were going to get uh if you had some neighbors working for you out on the farm 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And they just worked you know they were building a fence or something and they'd been working on it for months it wasn't complete you'd say well I guess they'll finish it 856C: Some day or later Interviewer: Would you ever say like by and by 856C: By and by Interviewer: Do you ever do you 856C: Yeah I use that word Interviewer: Well if a person you know stood in a draft or something and uh got his head and his feet wet and he'd begin to cough you'd say he did what 856C: Taken a fresh cold Interviewer: And if it affected his voice you'd say he is what 856C: Sore throat Interviewer: Or if he was talking like this 856C: Yeah he's hoarse Interviewer: And you might {NW} 856C: Cough Interviewer: And you might go to bed because you said I'm just feeling a little 856C: Exhausted Interviewer: Or I'm sl- I'm feeling a little 856C: Tired Interviewer: And uh what about if he wasn't really tired because he hadn't done any work but he just couldn't stay awake he just said he felt sl- 856C: He's completely exhausted Interviewer: Would you ever say drowsy or sleepy 856C: Drowsy He's drowsy sleepy Interviewer: Is that the same thing 856C: The same thing Interviewer: Well uh what did you do at five o'clock this morning 856C: I got up and made my coffee and cooked my breakfast I didn't shave however I haven't shaved yet I generally shave but I didn't this morning Interviewer: And then at five o'clock tomorrow morning you'll do what again 856C: I'll do the same thing although I'll shave first Interviewer: So you say you got up is there another way of saying that 856C: Got up I was awake I woke up Interviewer: Tomorrow morning you will what you will wa- 856C: I was awake I woke up Interviewer: And tomorrow 856C: And tomorrow I got up Tomorrow I got up and shaved and cooked my breakfast and made {NS} Interviewer: We were talking about uh what you would do so you would say that this morning you what 856C: Got dressed Interviewer: And you But at five o'clock you what 856C: Woke up Interviewer: And if a person can't hear at all you say he's 856C: Deaf Interviewer: And what if he's just uh you know beginning to say he's just a little what 856C: Little off of mind uh he's just barely can hear Interviewer: And uh what about if uh do you keep any medicine here like for malaria like you use 856C: No I don't keep none for malaria I take medicine for my health Interviewer: What do you take 856C: I take some nerve pills I had a nervous breakdown seven or eight years ago and they put me on nerve pills and sleeping pills So I take them Interviewer: What about have you ever heard of a little white tablet called quin- 856C: Quinine oh yeah Interviewer: Do you 856C: You take that for fever and chill and stuff like that Interviewer: Do they have much of that around here 856C: Yeah {X} Interviewer: Tell me about what 856C: Well a little white capsule like thing and you take two or take one every hour or two It helps your cold and fever and everything Interviewer: Well if somebody was feeling sick right here you'd say he was sick where 856C: In his {X} stomach Interviewer: And he might begin to do what 856C: Vomit Interviewer: And what about if he was doing that a whole lot you'd say he really is 856C: Sick Interviewer: And well is there if somebody was you know pretty bad that 856C: He needs to go to the doctor Interviewer: So you might say he was just leaning over the fence and 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Is there any other word besides vomit you could use 856C: He's heaving Interviewer: And is that the same as vomiting 856C: Vomit that's the same Interviewer: Would you use one in one place is one cruder than the other 856C: Well it's the same thing one {NW} Interviewer: Well uh which one would you use like you know if you were trying to be more polite would it make any difference 856C: It would make no difference Interviewer: And uh 856C: But if it's me I'd be I'd be vomiting Well if uh if somebody was sick next door if a man was sick his wife might come right over here you know and you say he's hardly you know that man has hardly started vomiting when his wife ran over here why To tell me about it Interviewer: And uh if you invited somebody to come visit you this evening uh you might and you know you really want him to come you'd say I want you to come now and if you don't come I'll 856C: I'll be disappointed Interviewer: Would you ever say I shall I shall be disappointed 856C: I shall be disappointed Interviewer: Do you ever say that 856C: Yeah I'll say that Interviewer: Does that does it mean the same thing 856C: Yeah same thing I'll be disappointed or I shall be disappointed It means the same thing Interviewer: Well you know uh if if you wanted to see somebody you know when they get here you say well I'm what 856C: I'm busy but just a moment I'll see you Interviewer: But if you what about if it's uh somebody you've been waiting to see a long time you you know really wanted to see them you'd say 856C: Yeah Just a moment Interviewer: You'd say I'm what to see you 856C: I'm glad to see you Interviewer: Would you ever use another word there I'm p- 856C: Proud to see see you Interviewer: Did you ever say that 856C: Yeah I've said that Interviewer: Well if a if a boy is very interested in a girl he's been going over to see her a lot he is doing what 856C: He's in love with her Interviewer: And they start doing what they start 856C: Courting Interviewer: Is there another way of saying that besides courting 856C: Well not that I know of devoted to one another Interviewer: And uh he calls her his 856C: Sweetheart Interviewer: And she calls him her 856C: Man friend boyfriend Interviewer: Do you have anything else besides sweetheart and boyfriend 856C: I never have Interviewer: And if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar uh somebody might say you've been 856C: Kissing a girl Interviewer: Any other words do you ever use that are old-fashioned terms instead of just kissing 856C: I mean I say you've been close to your girl son I see lipstick on your shirt Well if he asked her to marry him and she doesn't want to then what would you say that she did to him She refused to marry him either She postponed it for a while Interviewer: And what about if uh if he asked her to marry him and she agreed and then all of a sudden she changed her mind so you'd say she did what 856C: Changed her mind Interviewer: And what did she do 856C: Well I don't know Interviewer: Well you know if they were engaged 856C: Yeah Interviewer: And she decided to give back 856C: They broke up the marriage Interviewer: Well what about if he did it uh would you say that he did 856C: He done broke up the marriage Interviewer: At the wedding though if they didn't break up the marriage what would the man who stands next to the groom what would you call him stands up 856C: By the groom Interviewer: And the man who stands with the groom 856C: Well I don't know a name for that it'd be the Interviewer: Did somebody stand up with you at your wedding 856C: No nobody stood up {X} We just married we got the license we married Interviewer: Did you ever go to a wedding though where at your daughter's wedding did anybody stand up with her 856C: No nobody stood up with her I had someone stand up with her but not I haven't Interviewer: Did uh have you ever been to a wedding like that where somebody stood up with her 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Would the 856C: And give them away Interviewer: What do you call those people 856C: You call them give away parents I reckon I don't know Interviewer: Well like would you ever the one who stands up with the with the groom would you ever hear him called anything like a best 856C: Best man He's the best man Interviewer: And what about the one who stands up with the with the bride 856C: She's a bride's groom Interviewer: Did you ever hear like the bride's maid 856C: #1 Maiden # Interviewer: #2 Of honor # 856C: Her bridesmaid Interviewer: And did you ever her of a real noisy celebration you might have after a wedding say with shooting and 856C: Yeah shooting and firecrackers going on a whole lot of rice on the cars and stuff like that Interviewer: What do you call something like that 856C: I call it acting a damn fool That's what I call it Interviewer: Do you ever hear that thing called anything else 856C: They're cutting up crazy like like that Interviewer: What about a did you ever hear that kind of celebration called anything like we're gonna have a ever hear it called a chivaree 856C: No I never have Interviewer: Well if you went to uh Houston this afternoon and I said where are you going this afternoon you'd say I'm going 856C: To Houston Interviewer: Or you might say I'm going d- would you say I'm going down to Houston or 856C: I'm doing down to Houston Interviewer: Is that down from here 856C: That's down yeah Interviewer: What's up 856C: Up would be up towards Dallas Interviewer: What about towards uh Point Blank 856C: I'm going over to Point Blank That's west of here East of here Interviewer: If you went up towards your farm out to a parking lot where would you say you're going 856C: I'm going out to the farm Which is west from here seven miles Interviewer: Well if somebody meant not in this building not in this door but the door there and somebody came here you know what I'm talking about the same apartment but next door 856C: Yeah {NS} Interviewer: If somebody came up here and said does mister so and so live here you might say no he lives 856C: He lives next door you made a mistake he's living next door Interviewer: And what about across if he lived over there would you say he lived 856C: He lives across the driveway across across the apartment Interviewer: And if you had to go up those steps you know 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say he lives where 856C: He lives up there go up s- second stairs or steps and and turn to your right {NW} He lives next door Interviewer: Well if there were people out there throwing rocks and things and breaking windows you know you might call the police and they'd come and arrest the whole what 856C: Whole bunch whole flock Interviewer: And uh uh what kind of when you were young like when you were dating did you ever go to any kind of celebration like a did you ever have a a you know place where you sort of move around the floor you know 856C: Dancing Yeah I've had that Interviewer: What kind of dances did you do 856C: You do just common dancing Swinging dancing and I don't know the names of all of them but you just Interviewer: #1 You've ever been dancing # 856C: #2 dance # Yeah I've been dancing Interviewer: Tell me about some of them that you would do some of the dances 856C: Well I dance with my wife Of course we were doing a sweetheart and I'd dance with one or two other girls Interviewer: And um who would provide music 856C: Well they'd have a piano playing a guitar playing something like that violin playing have two or three boys there Interviewer: Would that be when you were at school 856C: Yeah it'd be when I was in school Interviewer: I guess it wouldn't be before classes were over 856C: No it wouldn't be before class is over Interviewer: So you'd say we're going to have a dance as soon as school 856C: School's outs Interviewer: What time does that happen what time does school 856C: Well it happens oh about eight o'clock at night Interviewer: Is when school 856C: {D: scout} School's out Interviewer: And uh what about uh does school this afternoon like at four o'clock might be when school does what 856C: Turn out Interviewer: And after the summer time you know around Labor Day 856C: Yeah Interviewer: is when school does what 856C: Have a holiday Interviewer: And then they've been out all s- 856C: Yeah Interviewer: So that's when school 856C: They they go back to having school Interviewer: So would you say it begi- that's when school 856C: Begin begins Interviewer: And if a if a boy left home like to go to school and he didn't show up there what would he be doing 856C: He'd be absent He'd they'd look into the case and see what's the matter with him phone back to school see See that they report to school and get uneasy about him Interviewer: Well you know they might call his parents and they say oh he left to go there 856C: Yeah Interviewer: He must be doing what 856C: must be fooling around somewhere Interviewer: Would you ever say what would he be doing if he stayed out of school like that 856C: He'd be absent Interviewer: Well and he would be would you say he was uh play- 856C: Playing hooky He'd be playing hooky Interviewer: And uh what about if uh if he was in uh college but he didn't show up would you say he was playing hooky then too 856C: Playing hooky too Interviewer: Why do people go to school they go to get an 856C: An education Interviewer: And after like he finishes kindergarten or something they go on to the what 856C: High school Interviewer: But where they first start they they start at the 856C: S- I think sixth grade I believe it is Interviewer: But the when they when they're young people at seven years old they go to the what 856C: High school Interviewer: Is that where they go 856C: I reckon so Interviewer: Well just a child what 856C: Well kindergarten they first go to the kindergarten and from kindergarten they go to the high school I don't know what class you put them in but Interviewer: Well like would you say they what about like the first grade or primary 856C: Primary grades they're primary grade Interviewer: What is that 856C: That's below seventh below seventh grade Interviewer: And uh is that the would you say they were in the first grade or the first year or what 856C: F- first grade they'd be in the first grade or first semester Interviewer: What would they sit at 856C: Table Interviewer: And then later on they might sit at a 856C: Desk Interviewer: And two of them would be two 856C: Two desks a couple of desks Interviewer: Is there a building around here just for books 856C: There's a library here I don't know about building books but they got lots of books in them they bought and everything Interviewer: Well where do you mail a package 856C: Post office Interviewer: And if you go to a strange town you stay overnight at a 856C: Hotel Interviewer: And you go to see a play at the what 856C: Play at the theater Interviewer: Uh if uh what are the states like between other states around here talk about a little bit 856C: Well Louisiana is the next state here bordering us Interviewer: And then past that 856C: And then past that you go into I believe it's Georgia isn't it Interviewer: Well there's some states in between 856C: Yeah Georgia Interviewer: Yeah 856C: Mississippi Interviewer: And Al Ala- 856C: Alabama Interviewer: And what about where Nashville is 856C: Tennessee Interviewer: And do you know the capital of Georgia 856C: Atlanta Georgia Interviewer: You know any other places in Georgia 856C: No I don't believe I do Interviewer: Well there's one right 856C: I have never been there Interviewer: There's one called Mac- Mac Macon 856C: Macon Georgia That's not the capital though is it Interviewer: No 856C: {NW} Interviewer: And there's a seaport town there called there's an old town called Sa- Savannah 856C: Savannah Georgia Interviewer: Do you know any other towns in Tennessee 856C: No I don't believe I do Interviewer: What towns do you know there 856C: I don't know of any Interviewer: Me- 856C: Nashville Tennessee I know Nashville Tennessee Interviewer: What about Me- 856C: Memphis Tennessee I know that Interviewer: And uh Little Rock 856C: Little Rock Arkansas Interviewer: And uh Saint Louis 856C: Saint Louis Missouri Interviewer: And uh the bluegrass state where they make whiskey 856C: Whiskey Kentucky Interviewer: And the south of Georgia is it you know where Miami is 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What state is that 856C: Florida Interviewer: And then going north from Georgia you go into the Carolinas what are they 856C: South Carolina and North Carolina Interviewer: And what about where Baltimore is 856C: Baltimore Maryland is in Maryland Interviewer: And uh and then Albany is the capital of what state 856C: Albany is the capital of Interviewer: The state where uh the largest city in the country 856C: New York That's the capital of it Interviewer: And uh what about the state where uh Richmond is 856C: Uh I can't pinpoint that Richmond what Interviewer: Vir- 856C: Virginia Richmond Virginia Interviewer: And uh the capital of the country though is 856C: Washington Interviewer: Washington 856C: DC Interviewer: And uh do you know any towns in South Carolina Charl- 856C: N- Charleston South Carolina but that's all that I know Interviewer: And Alabama that's Bir- 856C: Birmingham Alabama Huntsville Alabama stuff like that Interviewer: What about in Illinois 856C: Chicago Illinois Interviewer: And uh do you know other towns I mean the other towns in Alabama besides like the capital of Alabama is Mont- Montgom- 856C: Montgomery Alabama Interviewer: And uh is that the same name as this county down here 856C: Same name as Montgomery County down here Interviewer: What about the town right on the coast of Alabama Mo- 856C: Mobile Alabama Interviewer: In North Carolina there's a resort town in the mountains back home Ash- Asheville you ever heard of 856C: Asheville I've heard of it Interviewer: Do you know any other towns in Tennessee though like Kno- 856C: Knoxville Tennessee Interviewer: And Ch- 856C: Chattanooga Tennessee Interviewer: And in Georgia there's a town called Col- 856C: Columbus Georgia Interviewer: And then in Louisiana what are the towns over there 856C: Well you Baton Rouge is in Louisiana New Orleans is in Louisiana Interviewer: What about in Ohio 856C: Chicago Ohio Interviewer: And Cin- 856C: Cincinnati Ohio Interviewer: And uh in Kentucky 856C: Kentucky Interviewer: Where the derby is 856C: Yes derby Interviewer: L- 856C: Louisville Kentucky Interviewer: And what about do you know any countries in Europe like what's the big Communist country where Moscow 856C: M- M- Italy Uh uh What do you call that Interviewer: Ru- 856C: Russia Interviewer: And where the French people are 856C: French France Interviewer: And where the Irish people are 856C: In Ireland Interviewer: And uh and if a man is funny you know and you like him you know you'd say well I like him 856C: Because he has a wonderful personality Interviewer: And a preacher preaches a what 856C: Sermon Interviewer: And the choir provides a 856C: Music and singing Listening Interviewer: You were talking me about uh the niggers being afraid around here 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would they be afraid of in the in the in the graveyard tell me about that 856C: Spirits they think it's spirits Interviewer: Did they ever tell you that 856C: Yeah They told me that Interviewer: Tell me about 856C: Say I don't want to go in those graveyards there's spirits there Dead people you know come alive or something that's what that's reference to Interviewer: Well how do you greet somebody on the twenty-fifth of December 856C: Happy happy Christmas happy Christmas Interviewer: Ever hear anything else me- mer- 856C: I met Interviewer: Mer- 856C: Merry or Christmas Christmas day Interviewer: You ever say merry 856C: Merry Christmas Interviewer: You ever say that 856C: Yeah I said that Interviewer: Well what about uh you ever hear Christmas 856C: Christmas Eve Yeah I've heard that That's why you get {X} on Christmas Eve Interviewer: What about Christmas gift ever heard that 856C: Christmas gift I've gotten Christmas gift Interviewer: Has anybody ever said that to you just Christmas gift 856C: Christmas gift Interviewer: As a greeting 856C: As mostly they are hands here hands here {NW} All the Christmas gifts they're over there hands here {NW} Interviewer: Why who says that who says Christmas gift 856C: Well I my way are niggers and some common white folks too will say that Christmas gift I said oh hands here Hands here {NW} Interviewer: Well why who do they say that to 856C: They say it to most anyone Well whoever they meet you know That's just the old saying Christmas gift they haven't gotten no gift so they're asking for one Interviewer: Well do children say it too or just adults 856C: No it'd be different people a different sort Interviewer: Well uh 856C: I generally give my children Christmas gifts {NW} When my wife was living especially every year we'd give them Christmas gifts But this Christmas I didn't give them all Christmas gifts {NS} I don't know that I gave anyone Christmas gifts because I love all of them and They all gave me Christmas gifts Interviewer: Well you know after Christmas there's another holiday 856C: New Year's Day Interviewer: What do you say thens 856C: Happy New Year Interviewer: Would you ever say New Year's gift like Christmas gift 856C: No never say that just Happy New Year Interviewer: Well if any you know if uh if somebody did you a big favor you know you might say thank you you know 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Or you might say I'm much thank you I'm much 856C: I'm much glad appreciated that you gave me that favor Interviewer: Would you ever say you were much obli- 856C: Obliged Obliged Interviewer: Well so tell me what you'd say 856C: I'm I sure thank you and I'm much obliged Interviewer: And if you got a package you know from the went downtown and bought a picture or something to put on the wall 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Then they might do what to it you'd say he did what to it he wra- 856C: He rewrapped it He wrapped Interviewer: And then when you got home you 856C: Unwrapped it Interviewer: And uh if you went down there and you saw a picture you liked a lot but it had a four-thousand-dollar price tag 856C: Price tag on it Interviewer: You'd say 856C: I saw a picture down there but the price was too high Interviewer: So you'd say it co- 856C: Cost too much Interviewer: And the first of the month is when your telephone bill is 856C: Due Interviewer: And if you belong to a club to or the Chamber of Commerce you have to pay yearly 856C: Yearly dues Interviewer: And if you don't have any money people come to you and say they want to 856C: Borrow I've had one call me this morning to borrow one hundred dollars But I never had it because I was afraid of it Interviewer: And well uh you might say you know if you don't want to make him feel bad about it you'd say well I would loan you some money but I can't because money is 856C: Getting short Interviewer: Well would you ever say it was sca- 856C: Scarce Interviewer: Well you'd say so money is scar- 856C: Scarce that's right Interviewer: You'd say uh uh do you ever just do you like to swim 856C: I like to swim all right Interviewer: When you 856C: A long time ago now Interviewer: Tell me about that 856C: Well I used to go horseback to the swimming pool and swim a horse in there and wash him off with soap and water and then I'd get up on high sweetgum tree and dive off you know and swim myself you know after I got him out of the water Interviewer: Where was that that you did that 856C: That was down here about seven miles south of Robinson Creek Interviewer: And how old were you then 856C: I was about ten years old I had a horse owned a horse Interviewer: Did you ever dive off 856C: Dive off the sweetgum tree Interviewer: Did you ever hit flat these 856C: Sometimes I'd hit flat a belly washer I hit a belly washer Interviewer: And uh when you were out there did you ever like in the water roll over either 856C: Yeah Interviewer: What would you be doing 856C: Doing a somersault in the water Interviewer: And uh tell me about you know that what are some other creeks like that around here 856C: Well I don't know of no other creeks around here other than Robertson Creek now we have sandy {D: sandy river} Interviewer: Oh you do 856C: It's kind of a part river and part uh having lots of water comes down it but it's not a solid It splits up you know and then it overflows land and makes another ditch down in front you know it's not one creek bed It's not one river bed Interviewer: So you didn't do that 856C: No I never did do that but I fish in it though I fish in the creek Interviewer: Are there any other small creeks or anything 856C: No no small creeks Oh Robinson Creek Got Robinson Creek Interviewer: What about town 856C: Town Creek We've got Town Creek here right down here in town to town here All of them I don't know all the mess flows to it you know Interviewer: The 856C: Toilet tissues and everything like that you know goes to it Interviewer: In Town Creek 856C: In Town Creek I need to go take {NS} Interviewer: Well you said you went swimming down there 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Right did you do that by yourself 856C: I'd drive me a bunch of niggers with me nigger boys I associated with one of the little boys in that country out there but niggers and it'd be four or five of us together on horses and go down there and swim But I was about the best swimmer of the bunch and I'd I'd climb up the sweetgum tree and dive off the rim which is pretty high up you know Interviewer: I guess you wouldn't want to go down there by yourself because you might do what 856C: Might drown or something like that Interviewer: Does that ever happen around here 856C: No it never has happened around here Interviewer: Well what does a baby do before it learns to walk 856C: Crawls Interviewer: And uh and if a man like wants to get hide down below something you know he does what 856C: Stoops lower Interviewer: And he what would you say I was doing 856C: Crawls he's crawling Interviewer: Or I might 856C: On his hunkers Interviewer: And what do you call this part of a bag right here 856C: Shank because you call it a shank Interviewer: And uh and if a if there was if this was a hedge or something I'd have to do what I'd have to 856C: Hide behind the hedge Interviewer: Would you say I would be hunkering down to do that 856C: Yeah Interviewer: So how would you say that 856C: He'd be hunkering behind the hedge to keep from being seen Interviewer: And if a if a a woman went to church you know she might uh she might go to the altar and you'd say she 856C: was converted Interviewer: But she might get down like this you'd say 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Say 856C: Down on her knees Interviewer: Or you say she walked to the offer and she kne- kne- knee- would you say she knelt or she kneeled or what 856C: Kneeled she kneeled Interviewer: And if you were if I said well I'm tired so I think I'm going to 856C: Retire go to bed Interviewer: Or if I was just right here 856C: Arrest Interviewer: Would I say I'm gonna lie lay 856C: Lay down Interviewer: And uh if I called you this afternoon and I said did I tire you out this morning you say yeah so I what in bed all day 856C: I slept slept in bed all Interviewer: But if you didn't sleep you jest 856C: Rested in bed all day Interviewer: You'd say you l- you l- you l- lay 856C: You lay in bed all day Interviewer: And uh but if you slept you might have uh strange what dr- 856C: Strange dreams or feelings Interviewer: And when you woke up you'd say you you'd say guess what I 856C: Dreamed Interviewer: And if you bring your foot down to the floor then you'd say you did what 856C: Stomped it stomped my foot Interviewer: And if you go like that you what something 856C: Rubbing you're rubbing or squashing Interviewer: Well you pu- 856C: Push Interviewer: And if you do this what do you 856C: Pull Interviewer: And uh if a child you know grandchild of yours was in here a young grandchild went in there and the stove was on and tried to reach up there you'd say what would you say to him to make him stop 856C: No fooling with that there that's electricity Interviewer: And uh if you like if you need to hammer something you'd tell me to go and what 856C: Go and get one in the garage Interviewer: And when you play games like as a child did you ever play uh 856C: #1 ring # Interviewer: #2 tag # 856C: Ring around the rosie and stuff like that I Interviewer: Did you ever go hide 856C: Hide Interviewer: Uh-huh 856C: No Interviewer: Played hide and seek or 856C: Oh yeah I played hide and seek Interviewer: What was that ever called anything else 856C: I don't believe it was Interviewer: What was the place you ran for 856C: You ran for to hide in some corner so nobody could find the girl hunting you or the boy hunting you Interviewer: And if they got after you you'd have to 856C: Run Interviewer: For the what 856C: Run for the home plate Interviewer: And uh you didn't want them to 856C: Tag tag you or push you Interviewer: Or ca- 856C: Catch you Interviewer: And uh and if somebody's just blowing the horn you know and you weren't quite ready you'd get out of the way to j- just 856C: Just let them blow on Interviewer: Would you say just a mi- 856C: Just a minute Interviewer: And uh and if it was you out there you know you blew the horn you might say they might say just a minute you say don't worry I'll wait what you 856C: I'll wait for you Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh and uh uh what about if uh you know if you tried something and you missed it you might tell the person that you were working with just give me one more 856C: Chance Interviewer: And uh if a man you know always catches the point of a joke you'd say it's because he's got a good s- 856C: Sense of humor Interviewer: And uh uh if uh somebody uh you know you know didn't want to uh uh you know didn't know what was going on you know but but he put on that impression 856C: Yeah Interviewer: You'd say well he really didn't know what was going on but he 856C: Done the best he could Interviewer: But he well if he he he he was trying to make you think he was 856C: Yeah Interviewer: So he did what he a- 856C: He acted like Interviewer: What are you this your a- your uh apartment {B} is your 856C: Apartment Interviewer: Is your ad- 856C: Address Interviewer: And if you want to uh write a letter you have to do what to it the front of it 856C: Put the address on it Interviewer: So that's called doing what to it 856C: Called postal address Interviewer: And you say let me ad- 856C: Add my address on it Interviewer: And you adr- 856C: Address it Interviewer: Do you ever say that 856C: Yeah I say that Interviewer: And uh and if you write somebody if you want to send him a letter you have to do what to the letter you have to you say well I will what you a letter 856C: Sign the letter Interviewer: And you might you know somebody might come to you and say I don't know how to what 856C: Address a letter Interviewer: And uh if you send somebody a letter you expect an 856C: Answer Interviewer: And so they might what you a letter 856C: Write me a letter Interviewer: And if a little boy knew something that you didn't think he should you know you'd say who what you that 856C: Who told you that Interviewer: Would it make any difference if it were something that you were just surprised 856C: Yeah it'd be something I was surprised at Interviewer: What about if it was something that you didn't think you didn't want him to know you didn't think 856C: Well I'd be surprised at that too Interviewer: So you'd 856C: If I didn't want him to know it Interviewer: So you'd say who 856C: Who told you that Interviewer: And if you wanted to lift something like a heavy piece of machinery you know up onto a roof or something you might use a pulley and blocks in a 856C: Block and tackle Interviewer: To 856C: To pull it Interviewer: Would you ever say you're gonna ho- ho- 856C: Hoist it Hoist it up there Interviewer: And if a you know when you pay your bills on time did anybody ever like give you a gift of like you know at the end of the year or something paying your bills on time you'd say that's for 856C: No they send me a Christmas card or something Interviewer: Well 856C: That's for being such a good customer such such as that Interviewer: Well what about uh have you ever heard of lagniappe 856C: A what Interviewer: Somebody giving you lagniappe 856C: No never have heard of that Interviewer: And if uh when you were young you know and you were you know you were uh courting if you know if you went to a dance or something and you saw a girl there you might say you know when the dance was about over 856C: Yeah Interviewer: Uh you might you might want to you know go home with her so you'd say may I 856C: May I go home with you Interviewer: Or may I 856C: May I have a date with you Interviewer: Well what about if you went to church and you were in your car and there was an old woman there you know and she had to walk by herself you'd say may I 856C: May I help you some way or drive you home Interviewer: And would you say drive home if you were walking yourself 856C: Oh no may I escort you home Interviewer: And uh what would you say like if a if you were uh in a buggy or something when you were young you'd say may I 856C: May I drive you home {NS}