Interviewer : Um to get from the porch to the ground you have In a house to get from the porch to the ground 893: Oh the the from the porch to the ground not not to the outside to the, to the pavement or to #1 to the street # Interviewer : #2 well # would you call it a stair stairway? 893: Stairway yes uh well uh stair Interviewer : #1 okay {X} {NS} # 893: #2 {NW} # Interviewer : um do you ever hear names for different kinds of porches? 893: Well just uh front porch, back porch, screen porch. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. what about a porch off the second floor of the house? 893: A terrace? Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: #1 ah # Interviewer : #2 do you ever hear # people talk about a gallery or piazza or veranda? 893: Yes {B} something like that yes. Interviewer : What's a patio like? 893: Patio is a a a part of the of the yard or of the whole yard that has some kind of a {NS} of a brick or uh or stone or covered ground. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And uh some of them have {X} on the sides with uh Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: uh uh plants or ivies or whatever, some of them have uh whatever. some of them have a or what you would call a a thatched roof or uh just a covering. Interviewer : #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 um # on top something like a carport or something like that. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. and if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd have somebody to 893: Close the door. Interviewer : Any other word you'd use? 893: Shut the door. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Does that sound 893: That sounds just uh Oh the proper thing or I mean Interviewer : Right. 893: the proper name or the proper word. Interviewer : Uh-huh. You know some house have uh have {X} each other like this? 893: Siding it's called siding Interviewer : For pictures you take a nail and uh 893: Use a hammer Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: A nail and a hammer. Interviewer : I, I took a hammer and I put what, the nail in? 893: I'd uh wait a minute let me think . Interviewer : Or you'd say I got in my car and I {NW} 893: Drove. Interviewer : Okay. You say I have never... 893: Driven. Interviewer : And he doesn't know how to... 893: Drive. Interviewer : And a building that you can have out in the yard for storing wood if you burned your wood in a stove you little plants outside where you keep the wood. 893: Mm-hmm. um I-I I know I know what you mean and I know the word for it but I just can't can't get it {NS} to to pronounce it or to mention it um the woodhouse or uh yes I think that would be be it, the woodhouse or. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Do you have another name for it? {NS} Interviewer : Um what about for tools? Where would you keep tools? 893: In the toolshed. Interviewer : {NW} And before they had bathrooms inside what did they call the outdoor toilets? people have 893: privies Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Any other name? 893: Outdoor toilet or uh Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: outdoor facilities or uh Interviewer : #1 Any jokes? # 893: #2 {X} # That's all. Interviewer : Any joking names? {NS} Or names that sounded kinda bad? 893: {NW} Yes well one or two that don't sound so good so I won't mention them. Interviewer : English names? 893: Yes uh-huh {NW} Interviewer : um what different buildings would there be on a ranch? 893: A barn {NW} pardon me. A barn uh, a silo uh uh a shed to store the the hay or Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: {NS} and uh well I guess the ranch house, that's about all. Interviewer : Do you some What about for the ranch house, what would you call that? 893: The ranch house? Interviewer : For the head quarters what? what's the Spanish for that? #1 {X} # 893: #2 {X} # {Spanish: la casa} Interviewer : hacienda 893: {Spanish: hacienda} that's uh {Spanish: hacienda} is uh It's like uh a big ranch that's the {Spanish: hacienda} well it's uh {Spanish: la hacienda} is uh a big place a big ranch where uh Interviewer : {NS} 893: There's some uh um where they plant you know maybe some of them have orchards other have uh um let's see uh vegetables other plant uh sugar cane Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Different different kinds of {Spanish: haciendas}. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. The hacienda's the whole ranch? 893: Yes uh-huh. Interviewer : How big do you think of a hacienda? 893: Well uh it differs. I mean it varies uh Interviewer : #1 Would you say # 893: #2 call'em uh # or small haciendas others are larger and it all depends on the how rich or how poor the person is . Interviewer : Uh-huh do people still use the word hacienda? 893: Well I believe and in uh Spain or in some other parts of the, of the world they might. But not here I hadn't heard that uh that uh particular name in a long time. Interviewer : Does it sound very wealthy to you? 893: Yes it does uh-huh yes it does. Interviewer : Uh-huh. Um a place for storing corn, that would be a... 893: A corn crib. Interviewer : Uh-huh is that a separate building or is it part of the barn or? 893: #1 Well uh # Interviewer : #2 {X} # 893: I'm gonna put it out it's anyways, it's almost {NS} um. Well in some places I believe that was uh adjacent to the to the house and other places it would be farther away from the, from the house. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. what about a place for storing grain? 893: Grain? {NW} Lemme see. I I don't know really I I'm not very familiar with ranches and {Spanish: haciendas}. {NW} Interviewer : Did you ever. Go ahead. 893: Pardon. No, uh-uh. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a granary or granary? 893: Oh yes yes uh-huh. Interviewer : #1 what did you hear it called? # 893: #2 {X} # Well uh a granary. That's where uh where grain is stored, no? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. what about the other part of the barn where you can keep hay? 893: mm no uh I don't know I can't think of it just now. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a waft or a scaffold? 893: Yes yes that's right, uh-huh a hay loft. Interviewer : #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 uh-huh Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : And you know people would would first cut the hay and let it dry then they rake it up and before they were bailed you know you ever {X} a they would break it up in little piles out in the field then they would come along and take their pitch forks and load it on the wagon what what would you call those little piles that you have breaked up? 893: #1 um # Interviewer : #2 Or have you # heard special name for them? 893: Hay stacks. #1 I guess # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # what does a hay stack look like? How how big is it? 893: A hay stack is something like a I think it's something like a #1 small {D: wigworm} # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: It's tied in the middle. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. and 893: {NW} Interviewer : If you cut the hay off of a piece of land, then enough grows back so you can cut it again the same year, you call that the... 893: No I couldn't tell you I don't think. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of the second cutting or the aftermath or? 893: Uh no I don't believe I have no. Interviewer : Where would people keep um cows? 893: In the barn. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Or a cow shed. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Where would they turn 'em out to graze? 893: On the pasture. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about horses where would they be kept? 893: Uh horses in stables Interviewer : Mm-hmm was that in the barn or a separate building or a? 893: Well uh I believe some people would would have the stables uh next to next to the barn or other people would rather have cows and horses separate. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: {NS} Interviewer : A fenced in place around the barn where different animals could walk around that would be called a... 893: Corral. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about a a horse lot or a barnyard or uh cow lot, have you ever heard of those? Or have you heard those terms around here? 893: Uh barnyard yes uh-huh I have. Interviewer : Is that the same as a corral? 893: I believe so yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer : What about a fenced in place out in the pasture? Where you could leave a cow overnight if you wanted to milk her? 893: No I don't think I know {NW} unless you mention it then I'll tell you whether I've heard of it or not . Interviewer : Uh-huh did you ever heard of a milk gap or a cow pen? 893: A cow pen I have, but not a, not a milk gap, cow pen yes. Interviewer : what's a cow pen like? 893: A cow pen is uh something like uh {NW} well it's like a barn where cows are kept in and they have uh like little stalls or something where Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: each cow has uh its own department {NW} Interviewer : How many cows can stay in a cow pin? Is it for beef cattle? 893: Uh well in a it all depends I guess on uh on how many cow pens the person owns. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Or. how many cows they have, or how big or small they want the cow pens I believe I don't know it all depends on on the person's uh own uh a wish or whatever their own decision you know uh. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: How many cows to keep in uh in uh in a cow pin or how big or how small a cow pen they should build. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about the animals you get pork from? Those are 893: Pigs. Interviewer : Uh-huh where are they kept? 893: In a pig sty. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Where you Did you um have any experience on the farm? Did 893: no uh-huh only what I've read and uh well in uh in San Diego like I tell you, but years ago not anymore cause it's been uh modernized so much but then during that uh when I was a child and I used to go there uh most people used to have in fact my aunt had a cow in her own backyard. Interviewer : {NS} 893: And then Interviewer : Did you ever help milk her? 893: Uh no uh-uh We uh a lady who used to live across the street from my aunt's used to come every day and uh milk her in the morning and evenings. Interviewer : {NW} Do you did you lunch read? 893: #1 well not uh # Interviewer : #2 or used to # 893: well not too much reading no not lately I haven't well what I read mostly is the newspaper but not uh books or some other kind of literature I I guess I well I don't know maybe it's just that I'm not uh too interested I have never been too interested in reading only when I started to uh teach myself Spanish is when i like to read the newspaper. Interviewer : Which newspapers do you read? 893: Just the Laredo Times and the The Audio from across river. Interviewer : uh-huh you you read both Spanish and English? 893: And English yes mm-hmm. Interviewer : Um what about chickens where would they be kept? 893: In a chicken coop. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, what does that look like? 893: It's uh a place that has uh that's uh fenced in or surrounded by chicken wire and it has a a roof over it. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And a hen on a nest of eggs would be called a... 893: a sitting hen. Interviewer : Uh-huh and if you wanted to make a hen start laying what would you put in her nest to fool her? 893: An artificial egg. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: I guess Interviewer : Say if you had a real good set of dishes and your dishes would be made out of... 893: China. Interviewer : uh-huh what about an egg made out of that? You'd call it a... 893: A China egg. Interviewer : uh-huh Did you ever hear of the sitting hen called a broody? 893: A broody hen yes uh-huh Interviewer : Is that the same thing? 893: Well uh a broody hen I'm not sure whether it's when uh she's saying to take out her I mean to to have her her baby chicks. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Or if or if the baby chicks are already born and and uh they are with her. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Um you know when you're eating chicken there's a bone like this? 893: The wishbone. {NW} Interviewer : Did you hear any, any sort of superstitions? 893: Oh yes, the the one who gets the biggest or the longest piece of the of the wish bone gets to uh have a wish granted or something like that. Interviewer : Do you believe it? 893: no {NW} Interviewer : um A a farm has a lot of milk cows in it um they sell the milk uh-huh 893: A dairy farm Interviewer : did you ever hear that word dairy used to mean anything else? 893: #1 {X} # Interviewer : #2 {X} # 893: A dairy no I think it's only applied to um I don't know unless I may be wrong but I think it's applied only to uh you know to to place where uh where milk is is uh gotten from or uh. Interviewer : What about um before people had refrigerators where would they keep their milk and butter? 893: In ice boxes I used to have one {NW} I used to have an ice box we were talking about that the the secretary and myself she asked me the same question she says her grandmother has never been able to answer her that question. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: about you know how to how uh meat and butter eggs and uh you know several things were kept before refrigerators came Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: into being and I tell her that uh some people you know uh use even uh tub a big tub with a big a piece of a a ice in the middle and they would put their their things their most uh perishable around that uh that tub or around the piece of ice I was one of the fortunate ones that had an ice box. Interviewer : what about people who didn't have ice boxes who couldn't afford them what what 893: well uh just like I said some of them used uh {X} others would uh would thin out their uh their pieces of uh meat and hang them up to to dry so that the meat wouldn't get spoiled. Interviewer : Did did you ever hear people um putting water down putting their their milk or butter down a well? Lowering it down a well? 893: Oh yes uh-huh. Yes I I came into that experience when I was uh in Missouri. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Yes the lady who used to well she was our land lady Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: sometimes she would uh or uh when I was real young I remember we used to go to a place where they had a small uh well it was not a lake it was what you would call a and it was not a pond because it was bigger than a pound but smaller than a lake and uh when we used to go out on picnics they used to put their watermelons in inside the the water to to get them uh good and cold Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about keeping potatoes or turnips during the winter? How did people do that? 893: Potatoes or turnips? No I I couldn't tell you. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} um Say you grew a lot of corn they would be growing in the corn... the place where you grow the 893: The corn field. Interviewer : What about something smaller than a field? 893: A corn patch. Interviewer : uh-huh And what different things grow in the patch? 893: Ooh vegetables and uh flowers. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And um uh herbs. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Say um people were were growing cotton was there much cotton raised around {X}? 893: #1 No... # Interviewer : #2 An example # 893: In Mexico I think in in uh West Texas sometimes and it well uh years before. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: I don't know about now but years before they used to be a place in in uh Lubbock where there're pretty good uh amount of cotton was raised. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you know 893: Or grown, whatever. {NW} Interviewer : Do you know anything about, about cotton what sort of work you'd have to do? 893: Well I know that it has to be picked. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And it has to be ginned to take all that uh those seeds from it. Interviewer : Uh-huh 893: And then it's baled. Interviewer : Uh-huh. What about uh when it's still growing um they go up there and plant it do they plant it close together do they go up with a hoe and they dig it out sort of what did they say they're doing? 893: Uh separating or uh. Interviewer : Uh-huh, did you ever hear people say chopping it or scrapping it? 893: well no we call it in Spanish {C: Spanish: desahijando} {C: Spanish: desahijar} {C: Spanish: desahijar} Interviewer : Uh-huh what what 893: That's that's that's what it means to take uh or {C: Spanish: la limpia} {C: Spanish: the limpia} that's to clean. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: To get all of the weeds and things that are not uh that's to let the plant grow you see that wouldn't be uh in the way, it wouldn't be obstructing the growth of the, of the plant. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, what different um grasses or weeds grow in the cotton field? That you wanna get rid of? 893: No I don't believe I know. Interviewer : Well you were gonna did you ever raise flowers? 893: Not very many, no. Interviewer : #1 what sort of # 893: #2 just # Well I just I just call them weeds that's all. {NW} Interviewer : Um what different types of fences did people used to have or that they have now? 893: Well they have the chained linked fence the picket fence the um cyclone fence. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and uh Interviewer : What about at the ranches? 893: At the ranch? I don't know I don't think I know. {NW} What about the kind of fence that will catch you? Oh barbed wire? Interviewer : Huh? 893: Barbed wire fenced? Interviewer : Uh-huh um how do you set up a fence like that? 893: Well I guess some post have to be uh suh- first some holes have to be dug and then some posts. put in the holes and then just uh start {X} the barbed wire uh um I mean uh put those poles to uh certain distance one from another. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And then just go {X} the barbed wire from one post to the other. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What about the picket fence how's that put up? 893: That I think the the picket already comes in in rolls. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: with uh pieces of uh of uh lumber or whatever Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: They're all cut in the same size, the same design. Interviewer : Pointed? 893: Pointed yes uh-huh and uh It's about the same procedure as for the barbed wire. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Um did you ever see a a fence that would go like this? 893: Yes uh-huh only I don't, I don't know what it's called {NW} Interviewer : What about a fence or wall made out of loose stones or rock? 893: Um stone wall I guess. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Did they used to have those in this area? 893: Well not very many people. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: No not, not very many in fact I, I think I've just seen one. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: That's around um um well where Laredo Junior College is now that was to be for Macintosh. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. How how are they um Mexican people different from American people? How are their customs different? Did, can you tell did people, When, when you go into Mexico, Did, did the customs seem to be uh 893: Different? Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: I don't think so of you mean, you mean from Anglos Interviewer : #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 cause uh # Americans, well I'm an American, an American citizen, Interviewer : But 893: But I'm of, I'm of Mexican descent Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: You mean Anglos and and Spanish or Mexicans. No no I think they Interviewer : Or or the Mexicans #1 Over there {X} # 893: #2 From Mexico # Interviewer : from the #1 Mexican Americans # 893: #2 from the # Mexican Americans. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Well in some ways some of them have uh different ideas about different things Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: you know and uh the Mexican Americans are more accustomed to to the ways of uh United States ways you know and Mexicans of course to their customs like for example um in Mexico when a girl wants to get married Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: right they think or their their custom is for the boy or the bridegroom to furnish everything that the girl is going to wear Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and the reception, and well everything, everything. And here uh I heard that uh well not very many but some of them the girls buy their own {X} their own wedding gown, their own and the the bride's parents furnish the, the reception. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And in Mexico it's different. Interviewer : What do the Mexican Americans here do? Do they do it like? 893: Uh they do it uh yes, more or less like the Mexicans or the uh they look for sponsors for some for the banquets, some for the orchestras, some for this, some for that. Interviewer : Everybody pays? 893: Uh yes uh-huh whoever sponsors for example if you were to get married you'd ask me to to to be a a say a {C: Spanish: madrina} that's a sponsor for your wedding cake well I would have to buy you a wedding cake. Interviewer : Huh, so I wouldn't have to pay too much. 893: No not nowadays no here anymore. {NW} Interviewer : What um I was really wondering about um I was over um in Mexico Sunday, you know, I went over there, just walking around. and noticed um well it surprised me the way people would would touch me you know 893: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer : Um but when I was sitting eating, eating lunch and an old woman came in said something to me I couldn't understand maybe she was {X} I don't know but she touched me and it's something I'm you know I didn't understand it, you know, just touched me on the arm you know. and I mention it um in here they said um Well some of the people there have a superstition that they're giving me the 893: The evil eye? Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Yes. Interviewer : What is that like now? 893: Well um that's Interviewer : {NW} 893: Well for example if I look at you and like your eyes Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and I don't touch your eyes. Why you're liable to, to uh start having a headache and uh vomiting and things like that. Well I don't think it's an evil eye I think that my uh uh well perhaps my eyesight is stronger than yours or whatever you know. And it actually happens, as I've seen it happen uh lots of times. Interviewer : So to keep them from 893: #1 To keep from uh # Interviewer : #2 {X} # 893: Yes, to keep from getting that person ill, why they go and touch you. Interviewer : That's very common around here 893: Yes it is. That's that's uh a whole lot more common in Mexico than it is here. Some, a lot of people here don't believe in that but I do because I've seen it happen. Interviewer : How what give me some examples how how could it happen? 893: #1 well {X} # Interviewer : #2 {X} # 893: Well like for example your hair your nose supposing I would like your hair very much and I don't touch it Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Well sooner or later your hair would start falling off. {NW} See things like that uh-huh but uh I mean uh it's it's uh kind of odd you know it's kind of unbelievable, but uh yes it does happen, happen uh especially in, in babies in young children in young babies you know? When uh uh a child uh you know a person sees a child and and he is the attracted to that uh to that baby or to that child that isn't uh touched, likely the child becomes ill. In fact I think that's what happened to uh to a lady that I knew she had a a little boy he was about three years old and he was a very cute little boy and his grandfather used to take him out every evening you know around town to watch the show windows and things like that Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and once one night one evening he took him into uh one of the theaters and uh and the lady there just gave him a few uh kernels of popcorn Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and the child ate those those kernels you know and actu- I mean if anybody had mentioned that to either her or her husband I don't think that they would've they would have believed it, but now that's my own theory my own belief Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: That child as soon as he got home he started feeling ill. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And he started with a high fever and he started vomiting and he started aching and in three days the child was gone. Interviewer : Because the woman gave him popcorn didn't 893: or somebody else who saw him Interviewer : Uh-huh they thought he was cute and they 893: They thought he was cute and had they didn't touch him see? Interviewer : That's really interesting 893: Yes it is Interviewer : Because I did notice it that people seem to touch more 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : You know. 893: Yes. Interviewer : I mean this like this. 893: Yes. Interviewer : But I didn't know 893: And uh I've heard now I have never seen it happen but I've heard uh uh from very reliable sources that uh a person can even break a dish or something if Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: like uh for example if I I like your purse it let's say this was a a a centerpiece or something made out of glass. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: and I would like it and I would just look at it and would say oh that's a beautiful centerpiece, or a beautiful bowl or what have you and I didn't touch it, it would break. I've heard of it I haven't seen that happen but I have seen uh people get ill become ill from from that you know. But not things that have come apart or have broken or things like that, but it has happened. Interviewer : Do people do that on purpose if I'm mad at you 893: No no well mayb- perhaps some uh uh black hearted person could do that you know but mostly it's because uh it's just that #1 it's that {X} accidental {X} # Interviewer : #2 {X} yes uh-huh yes uh-huh # 893: So if you go back to Mexico and somebody touches you now you know why {NW} Interviewer : Then I'll be glad 893: {NW} You oughta be thankful. {NW} Interviewer : #1 Huh that's that's very interesting. # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : Um something that people used to carry water in? 893: Buckets. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Or um jugs. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Jars. Interviewer : What was the bucket made of? 893: Well some are made out of wood others are made out of metal. Interviewer : Uh-huh what about a pail? 893: A pail is the same thing as a bucket I think. {NW} Interviewer : And nothing you could use to carry food to the pigs in? 893: Mm. No-uh. When I was in Missouri there uh, our landlady use to have some pigs and she used to say she was gonna slop the pigs that was when she was gonna feed 'em but I never knew uh what the name of #1 the # Interviewer : #2 Mm-hmm. # 893: of the vessel or whatever {NW} she carried it in. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, well they they didn't have that here um what would you use to carr- to um, fry eggs in? 893: A frying pan. Interviewer : And if you had some flowers and you wanted to keep them in the house you'd put them in a... 893: Vase. Interviewer : What if you wanted to plant them in the house, you would plant them in a... 893: In a planter. Interviewer : Uh-huh and if you were setting the table for everybody to eat with, you give everyone a... 893: Napkin. Interviewer : And to eat with? 893: And a fork and a knife and fork or spoon. Interviewer : Uh-huh, and you serve steak and it wasn't very tender, you'd have to put out the steak... 893: Tenderizer. Interviewer : Or a particular cut? Steak... 893: Uh steak knives. Interviewer : And if the dishes were dirty, you'd say I have to... 893: Wash the dishes. Interviewer : And after she washes the dishes, then she... 893: Dries 'em. Interviewer : But in clear water she... 893: Rinses them. Interviewer : And the cloth or rag that you use when you're washing them? 893: Uh dishcloth. Interviewer : What about when you dried them? {NW} 893: When you dry them you use a um a dishcloth or uh or just leave them in a that's what I do I never dry my dishes leave them in that uh or what do you call it? Oh you know what I mean {NW} the drainer Interviewer : Uh-huh. And the piece of cloth or rag that you bathe your face with? 893: A washrag. Interviewer : And to dry yourself with? 893: A towel. Interviewer : And if you wanted to pour something from a big container to something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling you pour it 893: In a funnel. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And something that flour used to come in? Big 893: A big sack of Interviewer : Flour? 893: Barrels. Interviewer : Huh? 893: Barrels. Interviewer : Uh-huh And the thing that runs around the barrel that hold the wood in place... 893: It's a well it's not wire it's um Interviewer : Hallows you know what 893: Mm no I don't think I know the proper word {NW} Interviewer : Uh-huh you know in basketball you have a... 893: Oh yes a um yes uh ay ay Interviewer : Call it hoop or hoops? 893: Yeah hoops that's right uh-huh hoops. Like you use for embroidery also Interviewer : #1 Oh that's right. # 893: #2 You use hoops. # Interviewer : um what about something um nails used to come in? 893: Nails? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Something smaller than a barrel. What can you buy beer in? 893: Cans. Interviewer : Or bigger up. 893: Uh bigger than cans? Interviewer : Uh-huh something that looks like a barrel but it's smaller. 893: uh kegs Interviewer : Uh-huh when you have beer beer kegs, what'd you turn to get the beer out? 893: The spout. Interviewer : What about in the yard what you hook your hose up to? 893: To the water faucet. Interviewer : Uh-huh and the sink? In your kitchen? 893: It's a the faucet yeah or the Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Yeah or, tap, the tap water or whatever, uh-huh. Interviewer : And something that people would make out of sugarcane... 893: Sugar. Interviewer : Well besides that. 893: Make out of sugarcane? Interviewer : Something sticky that 893: Syrup? Interviewer : Uh-huh what else? 893: Um well syrup and uh sugar. Interviewer : Did you ever hear another name for syrup or something very similar to syrup? 893: Mm I might have, but I can't think of it just now. {NW} Interviewer : What about mol- mola- 893: Molasses. Interviewer : What's the difference? 893: I think molasses is is thicker than than syrup. Interviewer : Uh-huh have you ever heard them called long sweetening and short sweetening? 893: No I haven't, I don't think I have. Interviewer : Uh-huh if you were going to buy molasses at the store {NS} what would it come in? 893: Well some of it comes in cans others come in jars. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, did you ever hear the expression a stand of molasses? Or a stand of lard? 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster, you'd hit them with a... 893: Whip. Interviewer : Uh-huh and an electric lamp isn't burning you screw it in a new... 893: A new uh light bulb. Interviewer : Uh-huh and to carry clothes out to hang them on the line you carry them out in a clothes... 893: Um yes I know it, clothes basket. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And something that um nowadays if you bought some groceries the grocery would put it in a... 893: Sack. Interviewer : Made out of... 893: Paper. Interviewer : What about something flour used to come in if you didn't buy it in a barrel? 893: Well it used to come in, some would come in paper sacks, heavy, heavy paper. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Others would come in uh in uh sacks made out of uh some kind of material a very thin material. You know it was all What kept it together was I guess was all that starch. As soon as it was washed why it would be it would become very small and uh and very thin. Interviewer : Uh-huh what about the thing that um feed used to come in? Like cow feed? That rough brown cloth. 893: Yes uh uh not canvas uh but um ay ay I burlap burlap bags. Interviewer : Any other name for them? 893: No not that I know. Interviewer : {D: Did you ever heard of towsack or gunny sack or?} 893: A gunny sack yes Interviewer : Uh-huh. Is that the same thing? 893: A gunny sack I think is made out of cloth. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: And a burlap bag is something else I mean it's made out of something coarser. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And if you were carrying corn to the mill to be ground what would you call the amount of corn you take at one time? 893: I don't know. uh Would it be by the bushel or by the uh Interviewer : Mm-hmm. would you ever the expression turn corn? 893: Turn? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. What if someone had as much wood as as they could carry he says he has a... 893: Uh load of wood or uh cord of wood. Interviewer : Or an arm- 893: Or an armload of wood. Interviewer : Uh-huh and a wagon that didn't have a full load you just had a... What of wood? 893: I don't know uh. Interviewer : Do you ever heard the expression a jab of wood? 893: I've heard of a cord of wood. Interviewer : #1 uh-huh # 893: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer : And if you open a bottle and didn't want to close it back up you could stick in a... 893: A stopper. Interviewer : uh-huh made out of? 893: Metal or uh cork. Interviewer : #1 Mm-hmm. # 893: #2 uh # Interviewer : and something that {NW} people would blow on a musical instrument like a 893: Harmonica. Interviewer : Any other name for that? 893: um mouth something uh I can't remember the correct word. We we called it in Spanish {C: Spanish: musica de boca} {C: Spanish: musica} it's music {C: Spanish: de boca} the mouth. Interviewer : Uh-huh 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : What about the one like this? You just you hold it between your teeth and you play it. 893: Hold it between it your teeth? Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Uh. Interviewer : And you pluck it. Did you ever hear of a Jew's harp? Jew's harp? 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Uh-huh and if you have a wagon and two horses and a long wooden piece between the horses... 893: Mm-hmm. That's uh a yoke or uh no a yoke is for ox n- no perhaps if you mention it {NW} Interviewer : did you ever hear of a pole a tongue or a spear of a wagon? 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Okay. 893: Are you gonna grade me? Interviewer : #1 {NW} # 893: #2 No? # Interviewer : I just I like these things they don't have them in this part of the country 893: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : #2 but I won't know it unless I ask you you know so # If if some of the things I ask you about there're just not in this area you know you just you just tell me did you ever see a buggy? 893: #1 Mm-hmm. yeah # Interviewer : #2 you know the wooden piece? # 893: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : #2 on each side of the horse you call those the? # 893: No I wouldn't know what you call them I There are some buggies across the river didn't you see any when you were there? Interviewer : Oh yeah 893: They have, they still have some, you know, uh mostly tourists are the ones who who uh ride in them for the fun of it you know just to have something to to tell about I guess over where they come from. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Cause I very seldom see uh local people uh riding those uh those buggies. No I wouldn't know what you call them. Interviewer : Uh-huh what about the uh wheels um the thing that runs across one wheel to the other that's called a... 893: Um yes yes uh we call it {C: Spanish: eje} in Spanish but uh Interviewer : {C: Spanish:e-} 893: {C: Spanish: eje} {C: Spanish: eje} E-J-E {C: Spanish: eje} uh-huh the axis. Interviewer : uh-huh 893: Is that it? Interviewer : Uh-huh um what about the on the on the wagon wheel you know on the inside you have the hub and then the spokes come out you know and then they fit into the or are you familiar with with what I mean? 893: I know what you're talking about yes but uh I don't think I can give you the the spokes I know what the spokes are and they come into the into the Interviewer : #1 In the center is a hub. # 893: #2 Uh-huh yes uh-huh # Well I don't know I'm not sure whether they come in into the wheel Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Actually or uh is there something else before they 893: #1 and then the wheel # Interviewer : #2 What about, uh-huh # What about the the part of the wheel when it touches the ground, the metal part? 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : Do you have a special name for that? 893: No I don't think I have. Interviewer : Uh-huh and {NS} you know um I don't guess you you grew up around this but maybe you noticed on these buggies there's a you know where the traces are on a horse that the lines you know that come back? and they hook on to this bar of wood on the wagon. Did you ever hear a name for that? #1 singletree or swingletree or whiffletree # 893: #2 no no uh-uh # Interviewer : what about doubletree or? #1 Anything like that? # 893: #2 No uh-uh. # I don't think so Interviewer : Um let's say a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving a log what would you say he was doing? you'd say he was what wood he was 893: Sending wood or uh delivering wood Interviewer : How about drawing wood or hauling wood or 893: Hauling yes. Hauling would be uh probably the, the most appropriate word because I wouldn't know if I saw a man with a with a wagon full of load I wouldn't know whether he was going to deliver it or or sell it or whatever but uh I knew he was hauling it. Interviewer : Uh-huh, say there was a a log across the road you'd say I'd tie a chain to it and I... 893: Pulled it or dragged it or. Interviewer : Okay and you'd say we have what many logs out of this road, we have 893: Dragged. Interviewer : Okay and you have to tie a chain if you want to 893: Want to drag it. Interviewer : Uh-huh. {NW} And if you wanted to break up the ground for planting you break it up with a... 893: Spade or uh Interviewer : #1 Something that # 893: #2 uh # Yes uh-huh I uh ay ay ay I know what, I know what it is we call it {C: Spanish: arado} something that has oh uh some steel bars with points yeah but I can't find the the right word it's uh Like I said we call it {C: Spanish: arado} in Spanish. But I don't think I know the the word in English Interviewer : #1 What about # 893: #2 and if I # do, I I just can't think of it. Interviewer : You know the word plow? 893: Plow yeah that's it yeah that's right plow. Interviewer : Are there different kinds of plows? 893: Oh I don't think so or are there? #1 {NW} # Interviewer : #2 {X} # Are there any that you heard of are there different 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : what about something that that's got little teeth in it and breaks up the ground finer than a plow does it breaks up the {D:piles} of dirt you know. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : What would you call that? it's like a plow only it breaks it up finer 893: Mm-hmm. No uh-huh. Interviewer : Did you ever hear of a harrow {C: pronunciation} or a harrow? 893: No I haven't uh-uh. Interviewer : And say you wanted to, to chop a log you could make it sort of a A-shaped frame #1 like this you know set the log in # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : #1 to hold it while you chop it # 893: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer : would you have a special name for that? 893: #1 um # Interviewer : #2 or are you familiar with that? # 893: Well I've seen them yes and uh I know what you're talking about but uh I don't know what they're called Interviewer : Uh-huh. What about something that a carpenter uses that um he's going to saw a board he's he's got 893: A saw? Interviewer : Well a frame you can set the do it like that. 893: Oh yes uh-huh a Interviewer : #1 {X} # 893: #2 uh # Scaffold or uh uh Interviewer : What about sawbuck or horse? 893: A horse we call them donkeys in Spanish burros burro is a donkey you know it's what we call it in Spanish. and English it's horse and they come to get me uh-huh It's almost five yes. Interviewer : Is it exactly four? {X} 893: Okay. Interviewer : Um you straighten your hair using a comb and a... 893: Brush. Interviewer : And if you were going to use that you'd say you're going to... 893: Comb my hair or brush my hair. Interviewer : And you sharpen a straight razor using a leather... 893: Stripe. Interviewer : What would you sharpen a small knife on? {NS} 893: On a sharpener. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of a whiplock or a whetstone or anything like that? 893: Uh yes I have uh-huh but I, I didn't know they uh The right word for it. Interviewer : Uh-huh what did you hear it called? 893: well we call it in Spanish uh {C: Spanish: piedra} something {C: Spanish: piedra} {C: Spanish: piedra pulmis} or {C: Spanish: piedra} something. Interviewer : uh-huh 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : That's that's what you 893: That, uh-huh. Interviewer : What about a big thing that turns around that you sharpen an axe or a big tool on? You see 893: Oh yes uh a grinder uh-huh yes an axe grinder or uh {NS} Interviewer : And something you could put in a pistol. 893: Bullet. Interviewer : Or another name for that. 893: Um {NS} in a pistol Interviewer : #1 a car- # 893: #2 it's a it's a # It's a bullet no? Interviewer : Uh-huh but did you ever hear that called a cart cartridge or? 893: Oh yes a cartridge. #1 uh-huh yes # Interviewer : #2 uh-huh # What's the difference now? Or is there any difference? 893: No I don't think there's any difference unless uh {NS} cartridges are blanks. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And the bullets uh explode and uh and uh {NS} harms. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. And something that children play on you take a board and 893: A see-saw? Interviewer : Uh-huh and if some children were playing on that you'd say they were 893: They were uh see-sawing or they were uh uh there's another name for it uh tee-totaler teetotaler something like that. Interviewer : Mm-hmm, and something you take a board and fix it in the center and it spins around? You call that a... 893: A board? Interviewer : Uh-huh But sort of, you know what a merry-go-round is? 893: Yes, uh-huh. Interviewer : But sort of a homemade merry-go-round. 893: Uh-huh. Interviewer : Just a board on a stump and 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : Would you have a special name for that? 893: Uh, no I don't think I know any name for that um Interviewer : What about um taking a board and fixing it down at both ends and children jumping up and down on it? You call that a... 893: A board. That has what? Interviewer : See you fix it on both ends and children jump on it like a trampoline. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : You'd call it a Did you ever see that? 893: No I don't think I have seen anything like that. {NW} Interviewer : A jiving board or a bouncing board? 893: No, no I haven't. Interviewer : And you tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a... 893: Swing. Interviewer : And something you can carry coal in would be a... 893: Coal bucket. Interviewer : And the thing that runs from the stove to the chimney. 893: Thing that runs? Interviewer : Yes. The part of the stove that 893: Oh that goes through the chimney uh? {NS} Yes, yes the I um damper or uh #1 something like that. # Interviewer : #2 You ever heard of # Stove pipe or flu- 893: Yes, stove uh stove pipe, that's right. {NW} Interviewer : And if you wanted to move bricks or something heavy, something that you can use to move them in. Has a little wheel in the front. 893: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And The thing that people drive nowadays. 893: Cars. Interviewer : Any other name? 893: Autos. Vehicles. Interviewer : Mm-kay. And if something was squeaking, to lubricate it, you'd say you had to... 893: Oil it. Interviewer : Or 893: Lubricate. Interviewer : But another word for that. 893: Oil, lubricate, grease. Interviewer : Mm-kay. You say yesterday he... 893: He He greased. Interviewer : Uh-huh, and if grease got all over your hands, you'd say your hands 893: Were greasy. Interviewer : And If something was squeaking um you could put a few drops of... 893: Oil. Interviewer : And something people used to burn in lamps? 893: Kerosene. Interviewer : Any other names? 893: Or oil. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. Do you ever see people make a lamp using a rag and a bottle and some kerosene? 893: No we used to have a lamps uh kerosene lamps but they, they were not homemade. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: But they have a it's a globe Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: With a, on a stand or with a stand with the globe all together. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And then uh that's to put the kerosene in. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: And then it'd have another small thing that has a, a little uh wick and then you put the the globe inside, I mean uh yes inside those prongs. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. You had, they had those #1 to use # 893: #2 Yes. # Uh-huh. In fact I still have one at home. Because uh there have been times when we've had storms you know, and the electricity cuts off. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: We don't have any lighting so I bought one of those. {NW} Interviewer : And you ever heard of a flambeau? 893: Flambeau? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} F-L-A-M-B-E-A-U? Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Yes I have, but I'm not sure what it is. {NW} Interviewer : Where did you hear it? 893: Well I've, I've uh seen it written. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: That is I've uh I read the word. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: But uh I'm not, I'm not sure of the meaning. Interviewer : Well some sometimes people would make a lamp themselves and call it a flambeau. 893: Oh I see. Interviewer : You must do an awful lot of reading. 893: {NW} Well not much. {NW} Interviewer : Did you use to when you were younger? Read a lot? 893: Well, that was one of my favorite subjects in school, reading. Reading and English, grammar and uh spelling. Interviewer : Uh-huh. {X} That you, you must have some of it. {NW} Um. Inside the tire of a car, you have the inner... 893: Tube. Interviewer : And if somebody built a boat, and they were gonna put it in the water, they would say there were going to... 893: Sail. Interviewer : Or what the boat? They were gonna... 893: Um. 893: No, I'm afraid I can't answer you. Interviewer : Do you ever use the word launch? 893: Oh yes. That's right, launch, uh-huh. Interviewer : Uh-huh. What different kinds of boats did they have around here? 893: Oh sail boats. uh fishing boats. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Uh motorboats. Interviewer : Any special old fashioned kind of wooden boat? 893: A wooden boat. Canoe. Interviewer : What about {D: pirogue} or {D: fantogue}? Do you ever hear of those? 893: No I haven't heard about those, uh-uh. Interviewer : And say the child is just learning to dress himself, the mother brings the clothes and says here... 893: Are your clothes. Interviewer : Okay. And to think you were taking a child to the dentist and he was scared, the dentist would say, you don't have to be scared, I'm... what gonna hurt you? I'm... 893: I'm not going to hurt you or I won't hurt you. Interviewer : Uh-huh, do you ever use the word ain't? 893: Well that's not proper I don't think. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: Ain't. Interviewer : You hear it used often? 893: Oh uh not, not very often. No, uh-huh, once in a very long while. I mean, that's, that's a word in the past. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: {NW} Interviewer : You used to hear it? 893: Yes I used to hear it when I was in school, yes we used you know, some children didn't know uh {NS} their grammar or their English, instead of saying uh I'm not or uh something like that well they, they used the word ain't. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: But since I uh Well I've always know, that is since I started uh knowing a little bit uh grammar and English. I knew that it was incorrect. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. 893: So uh, I always try to use I am not, you are not, or Interviewer : {X} Have you ever gone to adult school? 893: No I never have. No I quit school in 1929 I haven't been to school ever since. {NS} Interviewer : Um Say if I asked you was that you I saw in town yesterday, you might say, no it's 893: It was not me. Interviewer : Mm-hmm. {NW} And what if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color, she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a... 893: Sample. Interviewer : And she sees a dress she likes very much, she'd say the dress is very 893: Becoming, or very attractive, very pretty. Interviewer : {X} just 893: Right. {NW} Interviewer : And something she'd wear over her dress in the kitchen... 893: Apron. Interviewer : And to sign your name in ink, you'd use a... 893: Pen. Interviewer : And to hold a baby's diaper in place... 893: Pin. Interviewer : And soup that you buy that comes in a can made out of... 893: Soup and tin. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And a dime is worth... 893: Ten cents. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And What would a man wear to church on a Sunday? 893: Suit. Interviewer : And if he just bought it, it'd be a brand... 893: New suit. Interviewer : You ever heard of a three piece suit? 893: Yes, uh-huh, the vest, a coat, and pants. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: Mm-hmm. Interviewer : What's the Spanish word for vest? 893: Um vest is uh I, I can't think of it right now. {NW} Interviewer : Did you ever hear {C: Spanish: chil-chile} 893: {C: Spanish: Chaleco} {C: Spanish: Chaleco} Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: {C: Spanish: Chaleco} uh-huh that's right. Interviewer : Which word sounds which word do you think you'll probably use? 893: {X} {C: Spanish: Chale-} Interviewer : No, you were talking, do you ever uh speak this Tex-Mex? 893: Yes, a lot of times, most of the time. {NW} Interviewer : Which word seems more natural to you to say, {C: Spanish: Chaleco} or vest? {NS} 893: Well if I were {NS} If I were to uh It all depended on who I was talking to. {B}{X} Interviewer : Uh no thank you. 893: Well if I was uh talking to a, a person who didn't uh understand Spanish, I would say vest. But if I were talking to someone uh who spoke Spanish, I would say {C: Spanish: Chaleco} Interviewer : Uh-huh. {NW} So you, you would use 893: Either one. Interviewer : Uh-huh. 893: It all depended on uh circumstances. Interviewer : Uh-huh. {NS} Any other names for pants? 893: {C: Spanish: Pantalones} Interviewer : Uh-huh. What about English? 893: Slacks. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And something that a man would wear if he's working around a barn. Something that 893: Oh yes, overalls. Interviewer : Uh-huh. And if you were outside without your coat and you feel cold and you wanted it, you'd say Would you go inside and... 893: Get my coat? Interviewer : And what it to me? 893: Bring it to me. Interviewer : Okay, so you say and then he... 893: Brought it. Interviewer : And you say here I have 893: Brought it. Interviewer : Okay. And you say that coat won't fit this year, but last year it... 893: It fit. Interviewer : And if you stuff a lot of things in your pocket, it makes them 893: Bulging. Interviewer : Okay. And you'd say, that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it... 893: Shrank. Interviewer : And every shirt I've washed recently has... 893: Shrunk. Interviewer : And I hope this shirt doesn't... 893: Shrink. {NW} Interviewer : And if a woman likes to put on good clothes, you'd say she likes to... 893: Um She likes to put on good clothes. Sure, she likes to elaborate. Interviewer : Uh-huh. What about um She stands in front of the mirror and {NW} 893: Pregnant {NW} Interviewer : Would you say that about a man? 893: No I would say he was rooming himself. {NS}