893:  {NS} I don't know but light bread I I've heard and I've eaten uh uh rye bread and uh and uh raisin bread
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And white bread.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And uh wheat bread.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But not I I don't know what light bread but.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  If it's any different from from the white bread.
Interviewer:  {X} I think it's #1 #
893:  #2 it's the same #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Um What do you put in bread to make it rise?
893:  Yeast.
Interviewer:  And Any other name for doughnuts?
893:  Uh {NS} Yes I've heard of a name of another name for doughnuts but but uh
Interviewer:  {D: Do you ever hear of cruller?}
893:  {D: Cruller?}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  C-R-O- double L R-E-S. uh-huh. But very seldom. It's very seldom #1 that I've heard that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Did you hear it around here? #
893:  #2 {NW} # No uh uh. I don't remember I don't remember whether I've I've heard that or I've I've seen it written.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  {NW} Either one. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um You know when you um kill a hog what different kinds of of meat do you get from the hog?
893:  Well you get bacon. pork chops fried pork rinds
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And
Interviewer:  That's the skin? #1 The rind? #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm yes. # uh-huh. Pork skins, rather. Alright well they call it rinds #1 and skin. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  And uh pork roast
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And uh the hog heads
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  They're used to They're used for tamales during the especially during Christmas season.
Interviewer:  #1 They're used for what? #
893:  #2 In # tamales? Have you ever eaten tamales?
Interviewer:  I don't think so.
893:  No? They're very good. They're made with uh this dough that the corn tortillas are made out of
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  And you use the the corn husks
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  They have to be put in water to be softened.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And then the dough is fixed with um with a lot of lard
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And uh you cook your uh your pork with several spices and chili powder or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  I use chili powder the the easy way other people mostly in Mexico they take these long red chilies
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 and # boil them or and then vein them and I don't know what other procedure they #1 process #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  They go through and and then they're uh uh ground
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 and then # they're added to the it's added to the to the meat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But I just take the the chili powder out of the bottle and just #1 pour it #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  it's a whole lot easier. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # You take the this the corn husks that
893:  #1 and the and then you yes #
Interviewer:  #2 make {X} with the corn? #
893:  And then you um see you take that corn husk and uh spread the dough on the corn husk. #1 And then #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  put the meat in the middle and roll it up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And put it in a in a pot into a with very little water mostly it's steamed
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  See and the they sell uh tamales in cans. it's about the same thing of course they don't taste as good as homemade. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # What else can you make from the hog's head?
893:  No that's all I know.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of hog head cheese or sauce?
893:  Oh yes uh-huh. Hog head cheese is very good too uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Do they make that around here?
893:  No Well they sell it here I don't know whether it's made here or not {X} they sell it in mark- in the meat markets.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  What about something out of the liver of the hog? What can you make with that?
893:  I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of liver sausage or liver pudding or white pudding?
893:  No. Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  What about the blood?
893:  Out of a hog? #1 Out of hogs? #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  I wouldn't know. I've we Mexicans eat {D: the cabrito} blood that's young young goat
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But I haven't I don't know what uh what the hog's blood would be good for.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NW} How do you eat the the goat's blood?
893:  Well uh The way I used to fix them {D: when cabritos were not as expensive as they are now} uh I would take the say the heart and the kidneys and the uh well I don't know what else. uh the the liver.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And chop it up real good and fry it and add some uh {D: oedenano and} pepper and salt and {C: Spanish: cominos} and grind that up real good and add it to the to that to those things that I #1 had chopped up #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  And then the the blood is mashed real good until it's almost all liquid.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And then just pour it over the that meat and just let it boil for a while. And it's very good.
Interviewer:  Mm. What do you mean it's mashed 'til it's liquid?
893:  Well yeah because when you uh when you uh get it you know it it's coagulated or it's #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 oh I see #
893:  See? It's in a big like a big clot.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  And you have to mash that to to
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  separate it or to make it almost #1 liquid. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What what's that called once you cook it?
893:  uh {C: Spanish: fritada.} {C: Spanish: Fritada.}
Interviewer:  {C: Spanish: Fritada.}
893:  Uh-huh. F-R-I-T-A-D-A.
Interviewer:  Huh. Anything else you do you always use goat meat for that?
893:  Yes. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of scrapple or pon haus? Something out of the hog?
893:  #1 No. Mm-mm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Made with the hog meat? # And something that um kind of the the fat pork you can use for boiling with greens. the
893:  Salt pork.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Any other names for salt pork?
893:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  I don't guess that's used in cooking around here much.
893:  No I use it for beans. #1 When beans not #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
893:  as high as they are now. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  Now it seems that beans is a luxury. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Um when you cut the side of a hog What do you call that section of meat?
893:  The side.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do you ever hear side of bacon or middling of bacon?
893:  {NW} No I don't think I have.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What inside parts of the hog do you eat?
893:  None. That I know of. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # What about something that um people can have for breakfast instead of bacon? It comes in links. you know.
893:  Oh sausage?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Pork sausage. #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 What is the # Sausage stuff in?
893:  Well uh it's stuffed in um well here in the United States it looks like it's like oh what would you call that something like uh plastic
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Small plastic bags or something like #1 that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  But in Mexico they use the they call it the {C: Spanish: tripas} the {C: Spanish: tripas} an intestine.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  The the and it's just like a very thin skin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And it's it's stuffed into that.
Interviewer:  They call it trice?
893:  {C: Spanish: Tripa.}
Interviewer:  #1 Is that the intestines? #
893:  #2 {C: Spanish: Tripa.} # I think yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of anything um cooking the intestines and making anything out of it?
893:  Yes I I I I in fact I like {C: Spanish: tripas.} #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. #
893:  The I think they are those {C: Spanish: tripas} that we eat are are from a cow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And they are fried either they are fried or they are put in the oven.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 And they are very good. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard of chit?
893:  of who?
Interviewer:  Chitlins?
893:  No. Uh uh. No I haven't.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  The person who kills and sells meat would be called a
893:  Who killed?
Interviewer:  Who kills and sells meat. #1 He'd be called #
893:  #2 butcher? #
Interviewer:  Huh?
893:  A butcher?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if meat's been kept too long you say it's
893:  frozen.
Interviewer:  Or if it no if it's gone bad you say
893:  oh it's spoiled.
Interviewer:  What about butter that's been kept too long and it didn't taste right? #1 What would you #
893:  #2 it's rancid? #
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Or # {NW} Rancid I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Mm.
Interviewer:  What about something you make out of flour um you fry three or four of these and eat them with syrup and butter.
893:  Uh pancakes?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any other name for them?
893:  Batter cakes we used to call them a long time ago but mostly it's pancakes #1 pancakes #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  about and uh uh I think there's another another name for them but I can't of it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But usually we call them pancakes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Say something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils {NS} You'd tell somebody just that. Just
893:  Just smell? #1 Or #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-kay. #
893:  uh-huh. Just smell that.
Interviewer:  And you'd say this is an invitation label so this is
893:  Real.
Interviewer:  But this is gen...
893:  Genuine.
Interviewer:  And when chicken was sold um not in in packages but when it was sold um out of the barrel you'd say it was sold
893:  By the pound.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. Do you ever hear the expression sold loose or sold in bulk or in bulk?
893:  In bulk yes. #1 But not loose. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And a sweet spread you can put on toast in the morning. Be jam or
893:  Jelly.
Interviewer:  And what do you season your food with?
893:  Salt or spices.
Interviewer:  Or something black
893:  uh {NW} pepper?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one. It'd tell you
893:  Give me an apple.
Interviewer:  And you'd say one's of these boys that did that it must have been one of
893:  The others. #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-kay. # Do you ever say one of them boys?
893:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Does that sound funny? #
893:  #2 {NW} # That sounds funny yeah one of them boys that's that's hillbilly talk.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} # No I would say it it wasn't it wasn't any of these boys it was that other boy or some of the other boys. #1 Some of that other gang #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  or some of that other uh crowd.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And
893:  That's what I meant now that I that I say crowd that's what I meant about Mexico City being like Chicago that it's too crowded.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  That's what I try to tell you #1 and I couldn't think of #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  the right word. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # #1 Uh #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  You say he hasn't lived here he lives
893:  over there.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about yonder? You say that?
893:  Over yonder?
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
893:  #2 I've heard that # yes but uh I never use that that word.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  And you tell someone don't do it that way do it
893:  This way.
Interviewer:  And if you don't have any money at all you're not rich you're
893:  poor.
Interviewer:  And say if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach
893:  Orchard.
Interviewer:  And say you ask someone if that's his orchard. You'd say no I'm just a neighbor. And he points to someone else and says he's the man
893:  That owns it. or who owns it.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you say When I was a child my father was poor but next was a child
893:  Who was rich.
Interviewer:  We're talking about the father being rich. Next door was a child father was rich.
893:  Whose father was rich.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And the kind of animal that barks.
893:  Dog?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him?
893:  Sic 'em?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What different um What would you call a a mixed breed dog? But you didn't know what kind #1 he was. #
893:  #2 Mixed breed? #
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Just a a common dog or a cur?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Or an I guess. #1 yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Is a cur # any special size or #1 just long hair or short hair? #
893:  #2 I don't think so. # I don't think so I
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  I think they all look the same. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 What about a a #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Just a worthless dog? You'd call him a
893:  {NS} I don't know. {NS}
Interviewer:  Or say a real small noisy dog.
893:  Real small noisy?
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} # #1 Chihuahuas like mine #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  #1 they make such an awful racket. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you ever #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 hear calling a dog # about that size calling him a feist?
893:  No. #1 Mm-mm. #
Interviewer:  #2 What about a # {D: kaiyootle?} You ever heard that?
893:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  And if you had a mean dog you'd tell someone you better be careful that dog'll
893:  Attack you.
Interviewer:  Or #1 he bites #
893:  #2 bite you. #
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Yesterday he
893:  bit.
Interviewer:  And the man had to go to the doctor after he got
893:  bitten.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Would you ever say he got dog bit?
893:  No. I don't I don't think I would use that expression dog bit.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  He was bitten by a dog. {NS} Or he he had to be uh treated for a dog bite.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  but not dog bit.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  And kind of animals that you plow with.
893:  Mules or horses.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Two of those hitched together would be a
893:  a team.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And the animal that you milk
893:  Cow.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And the little one is
893:  Cow a goat.
Interviewer:  Well
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 the little cow is called a #
893:  a calf.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if it's a female it's a
893:  heifer.
Interviewer:  And if it's a male?
893:  A calf? Or no?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. A male calf.
893:  Male calf?
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  I don't know. I
Interviewer:  What do you call the the grown male cow?
893:  A bull?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Is that where like to use?
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Are there any other names for bull?
893:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  And if you have a cow who's expecting a calf you say she was going to
893:  give birth? #1 I guess. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-kay. #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you ever say # tough fresh or find a calf or
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 drop a calf? #
893:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  And you say everyone around here likes to what horses? Likes to
893:  ride horses?
Interviewer:  Yesterday he
893:  rode
Interviewer:  And I have never
893:  ridden.
Interviewer:  And you couldn't stay on you say you fell
893:  off the horse.
Interviewer:  And say a child was asleep in bed and woke up and found themselves on the floor in the morning. You'd say I guess I must of
893:  fallen.
Interviewer:  Fallen
893:  off the bed.
Interviewer:  And the thing you put on the horses's feet are called
893:  oh yes. Uh yes yes horseshoe.
Interviewer:  What part of the a horse's feet do you put them on?
893:  on the hoof.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And all the horse has four
893:  four legs.
Interviewer:  They're four the
893:  four hooves.
Interviewer:  And a game you play with horseshoes. Did did you ever see that?
893:  Uh Yes uh horseshoe pitching or pitching horse shoes
Interviewer:  Did you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes?
893:  Yes. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  What was it called then?
893:  Um ay yai yai. {NS} um No I can't think of it. Uh-uh. But I know what you mean. #1 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  And I've seen it played but I can't think of the word.
Interviewer:  Was it called It wasn't called horseshoes? Do you ever hear {D: word} points or kites or
893:  No uh-uh. #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 And #
893:  ring tossing or
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Something like that.
Interviewer:  The female horse is called the
893:  A female horse is uh I no I There I guess I become nervous I don't know I can't or or I I'm not too alert. But {NW} Some of the words I know like #1 yesterday #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  when I tried so hard to to tell you that it was crowded #1 And I could never #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh #
893:  think of it. {NW} A day later {NW} that
Interviewer:  Does it make you uncomfortable to have us speak just English?
893:  No it does not make me uncomfortable it makes me feel uh silly as if I'm very dumb not to not to know the the word when I know it but I can't say it when when I'm supposed to or when I have
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 to. # {NW}
Interviewer:  Are Do you think of a Spanish word
893:  #1 I think of a Spanish word #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
893:  And I try to translate it #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  vice versa.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  And sometimes like I told you before that I get all tangled up #1 I can't #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh #
893:  say it either in Spanish or or English. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  Um do you remember what the male horse is called?
893:  The male horse Just a horse no?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of a stallion or stud?
893:  Yes a stallion a stud. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing?
893:  I think so.
Interviewer:  Do those words sound nice to you?
893:  Yes they do.
Interviewer:  What about the female? Do you remember?
893:  No I don't remember. Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And
893:  what is the word anyhow?
Interviewer:  M-A-R-E.
893:  A mare that's right. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about sheep? The male sheep is the
893:  The male sheep I don't know I know the female is a ewe
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  But I don't know about the m uh I don't know about the male.
Interviewer:  Did did people have sheep in this area?
893:  Uh years ago yes uh-huh when it was not so modernized and it was not so uh uh well what uh how should I say that well that the sanitation was not so so strict.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 you know. # uh most people used to have goats and sheep and hogs and chickens #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  whatever. But nowadays you see them just like for example way out on the outskirts of the city like over here #1 when we #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. #
893:  We are so far away from from town.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Here they have I saw uh a turkey the other day and I've seen chickens #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. #
893:  baby chicks and a rooster and
Interviewer:  Out where you live or?
893:  Over here. Over here next door. Over here this #1 place next door. #
Interviewer:  #2 Huh. #
893:  No not where I live oh no. #1 Yeah I mean nobody #
Interviewer:  #2 This #
893:  Nobody thinks to even thinks about raising chickens or anything #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 You're right in the middle of town. #
893:  Yes almost. uh-huh. Yes. I thought about telling you yesterday that if you wanted to see the tailless chihuahua to stop by the house and I would show #1 her to you. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 I'd like to see her sometime. #
893:  {NW} She's real cute. #1 She's so #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  She's so friendly.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  But at the same time when she does not know a person she's she's real well not not what do you call mean because she #1 doesn't #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  bite but she makes an awful lot of noise. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # I don't think chihuahuas bite much #1 really. #
893:  #2 No I don't think so #
Interviewer:  #1 they just they just pretend #
893:  #2 I never heard #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 Yeah they just pretend uh-huh. # {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh What do people raise sheep for?
893:  Sheep? For meat and for uh wool #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. #
893:  for uh {NW} uh {NS} Their uh their skins make uh uh pretty uh what do you call a rugs #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And You know call them something when they're first born. You call them
893:  {D: muddow pig.}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And this is when they get about half grown. You call them
893:  {NS} No I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear {D: word} shoats? What about the male? Is called a {NS} You ever hear of boar hog or male hog or?
893:  A boar yes but I've heard of heard that the boar is a wild hog.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  uh B-O-A-R.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  It doesn't matter whether it's male or female?
893:  #1 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Just that #
893:  Just a just a wild hog.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about a female hog? That's called a
893:  A female hog? {NW} You have to tell me. {NW}
Interviewer:  {D: Did you ever hear of a sow or gew?}
893:  A sow yeah uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {D: What about gew?} #1 Did you ever hear of that? #
893:  #2 No. # Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back
893:  bristles?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about the big teeth?
893:  Um uh is it the same as the elephant #1 the tusk? #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm. And what do you put the food in for the hog? Would be called a
893:  A a trough
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if you had three or four of those you'd say you had three or four
893:  troughs?
Interviewer:  And say you had a a pig and you didn't want him to grow up to be a male hog to be used for breeding. What would you say you were gonna do to him?
893:  Castrate?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any other terms for that?
893:  Uh Sterilize
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth they were getting hungry. You say you had to go feed the what would you call
893:  The animals.
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What if you're talking about um chickens and turkeys and geese you'd say you had to go feed the
893:  the birds.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 or the # fowl.
Interviewer:  Would you ever use the word cattle or critters or stock?
893:  Cattle I would yes.
Interviewer:  Or
893:  Cattle for cows and bulls #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  calves and
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 I would use # the word cattle.
Interviewer:  Say if it was if it was time to feed the animals and do your work you'd say that it was Do you ever hear of feeding time or chore time or?
893:  {NW} Chore time yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Water time? #
893:  #2 Chore time uh-huh. # Chore time yeah.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And the noise that a calf makes
893:  bleats.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
893:  bleats. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  What about a horse?
893:  Neighs.
Interviewer:  And the other sound a horse makes. The sort of gentle sound.
893:  Uh {NS} I don't know I I learned that in first grade. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  It was a long time ago. The horse neighs and the cow the cat meows and the #1 dog barks. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Um #
893:  {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  What does the cow do?
893:  A cow? uh a cow a cow I guess I guess she bleats like a
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Like a calf.
Interviewer:  and say you wanted to call a cow. to get her to come in out of the pasture. Did you ever hear anybody call a cow?
893:  uh With a cow bell.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Any any other way of doing it?
893:  Uh no
Interviewer:  What about calling a calf?
893:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  or Say if you're milking a cow What do you say to her to get her to stand still? So you can milk her?
893:  I don't know I've never milked her. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  I've never milked a cow. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Uh Do you ever hear anyone call a horse? {NS}
893:  No unless {NS} I mean when they want to for the horse to start trotting
Interviewer:  #1 mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 that they say # {D: Gittap gittap.} #1 but otherwise #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  I wouldn't know how they they would call him.
Interviewer:  {NS} What about when they want him to stop?
893:  Uh I guess they would just pull on the rein and say stop.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about to back him up? Anything they'd say?
893:  No. I No I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  And To get him to turn left or right {NS}
893:  You you just pull on the rein whichever
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  You You want to him to turn left you would pull on the on the rein on the left side.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Do you ever hear of people say gee or haul?
893:  No.
Interviewer:  You ever hear that?
893:  Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And {NS} Do you ever hear anyone call hogs?
893:  uh-uh.
Interviewer:  What about sheep?
893:  No.
Interviewer:  Chickens? If you're feeding chickens. How do you call them? {NS}
893:  I wouldn't know I I've #1 never been #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  #1 around a farm. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. # And the inside part of the cherry.
893:  Of a cherry?
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  The pit.
Interviewer:  What about in a peach?
893:  The stone.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call that part inside the stone?
893:  The almond.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And the kind of peach that the the flesh is real tight against the stone.
893:  A green peach?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Well there's one kind that just it's hard to
893:  to break #1 or open? #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
893:  No I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear or a cling peach or press peach or freestone peach?
893:  No.
Interviewer:  And the part of the apple that you don't eat.
893:  the core.
Interviewer:  And you cut up apples and dry them. You say you're making
893:  uh uh dried apples or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Dried fruit.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear them called snips?
893:  No. Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  What different kinds of nuts grow around here?
893:  In San Antonio not around here. I've never seen any any any grow here but in San Antonio there's a lot of pecan trees.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Almost everywhere you go you find pecan trees.
Interviewer:  {NW}
893:  In fact a few years back my in her own backyard my daughter got me a big about a 25 pound bag full of pecans.
Interviewer:  To get the the nut out you have to crack the
893:  the shell.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. What other kinds of nuts um would you say buy at the store to use in cooking?
893:  Peanuts walnuts #1 almonds #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  {NS} uh these hard Brazil nuts
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear another name for peanuts?
893:  Yes. Boogers.
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  And {NW} what else? uh I guess that's all. #1 boogers and peanuts. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. # Do people say that around here? Boogers?
893:  No no not not that I've heard them call them boogers but. I don't know where I got that expression from or
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 that's where #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
893:  #2 {X} # I guess. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Um You know the walnut when it first comes off a tree it's got a a hard green covering on it
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You call that the
893:  the hull?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Then you take the hull off and then you have to crack the
893:  The shell.
Interviewer:  And kind of fruit that grows in Florida.
893:  in Florida?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. People make juice out of it.
893:  Pineapple?
Interviewer:  #1 It's about the size of an apple. #
893:  #2 or # {NS} {NS} {NS} about the size of an apple.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And about this color.
893:  Orange?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left. You say the oranges are
893:  gone.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What different things vegetables could someone raise in a garden around here? {NS}
893:  Um peas squash uh tomatoes
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 Onions. # {NS} Garlic. uh Maybe corn and string beans
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  pumpkin.
Interviewer:  This what's the difference between string beans and snap beans or green beans?
893:  I think it's about the same.
Interviewer:  Which terms would you use? What would you
893:  String beans or green beans.
Interviewer:  That's the same thing?
893:  uh-huh.
Interviewer:  What about squash? Are there different kinds of squash?
893:  Yes. uh there's a a round squash green and then there's the a yellow squash then there's a green one that has like a a small neck
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
893:  And then there's another one that's {D: cuccini or} something like that #1 C-U-C-H-I-double N-double N-I. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  and I guess that's about all.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do these other um squash you mentioned do they have special names or they just all called squash?
893:  I call them squash I bet there's another round one that #1 looks like #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  Well it it looks like a like a a something like a cauliflower
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  uh bud but #1 it's #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  it's covered with a green skin and it has little uh scallops #1 around. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  That's another kind of squash.
Interviewer:  Does it have a special name?
893:  Well it must have but I don't know
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Um You mentioned a the onions um {NS} What do you call those onions that you pull up and you you eat while they're still small? You know?
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Do
893:  Yes I know what you mean. uh Green onions or I don't know I I I like to get jars of of sweet mix pickles because they they have some of those little onions #1 and I #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  use that for my for my turkey stuffing #1 during #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  Thanksgiving and and Christmas. But Yes I I I've seen the label on the #1 jars #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  For that kind of onion but I can't remember.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about the kind of tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? What are they called?
893:  I don't know I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  And little red thing that grows down in the ground. That would be a
893:  Little red thing?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  That grows in the ground?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You
893:  #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 You'd use it in a salad or something. #
893:  {NW} Uh pepper or chili pepper or
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of a radish or
893:  oh radish. Yeah that's right.
Interviewer:  Huh?
893:  Radish yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  And Along with your meat you might have a baked
893:  potato.
Interviewer:  What different types of potatoes are there?
893:  Well I've seen uh well there there they must have a uh their proper name but I've seen some that have the a very thin skin
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And it's kind of yellowish. And the others the skin is a little bit thicker
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And it's brown.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And I've seen some red uh round potatoes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And that's about all I've seen.
Interviewer:  What about potatoes that um that are have reddish or yellowish meat inside?
893:  Yes I've seen those uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear them called sweet potatoes or yams?
893:  Oh yes sweet potatoes or yams oh yes they're my favorite. {NW}
Interviewer:  What's the difference between sweet potatoes and yams?
893:  It's the same thing.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  What about the other kind of potato?
893:  The baked the baked
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 uh # {NS} um baking potato?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Well that's that's for to make potato salad with or #1 you can #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  bake them or you can just boil them or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  fry them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And this is a vegetable um you might use in a in a soup it's sort of green it's sort of long.
893:  Okra?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And Say if you're cooking bacon. in in the pan when you cook it gets smaller. You say it
893:  It shrank.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Or another way of saying that.
893:  No.
Interviewer:  You say it swivels or shrivel or?
893:  Oh shrivel. Yeah. #1 it shrivels. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
893:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  and a kind of vegetable that comes like
893:  Lettuce or cabbage?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And say if you wanted to buy some you'd ask for two or three
893:  pounds?
Interviewer:  or
893:  Two or three heads.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. Would you ever use the word heads talking about children? Say if someone had five children to say they had five heads of children?
893:  No No Uh-uh. I I've heard that expression with cattle
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Yes he had so many head of cattle.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But not not when it it pertains to humans.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  What about someone who had about fourteen children? You say he really had a
893:  a big family.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. Do you ever say a passel of children?
893:  No. uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And what about the term right smart?
893:  Right smart?
Interviewer:  Someone's had about five hundred acres. Would you say he had a right smart of land? #1 You ever hear of that? #
893:  #2 No. # Uh-uh. No.
Interviewer:  What different kinds of beans do people have around here?
893:  Well there's kidney beans lima beans pinto beans um {NW} what else?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of butter?
893:  Butter beans. Yeah.
Interviewer:  What's the difference between butter beans and lima beans?
893:  They're about the same I think.
Interviewer:  No difference?
893:  Not that I know. That they're about the same size and the taste the same
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Unless the the lima beans are green and butter beans are are white.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. To get beans out of the pods you say you have to
893:  Break the pod or open the pod?
Interviewer:  Or you say you
893:  Snap.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And you take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a mess of
893:  turnip greens.
Interviewer:  You don't like that?
893:  {NW} I've never tasted them. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do people cook greens here at all?
893:  {NW} I don't know. Not the people that I've that I know that I'm familiar with. {NS} They they use that very much in well my in fact my daughter's mother in law cooks them very often.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But no
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 I've # never gotten around to taste them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  {NW} No I don't know. They may be very good I don't know.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. uh the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob. You call that
893:  uh corn on the cob.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever hear of roasted ears?
893:  Roasting ears yes. uh-huh. Roasting ears.
Interviewer:  Do you use that expression?
893:  No. I I say corn on the cob.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about mutton corn? You ever heard that?
893:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  And thing that grows up on the top of the corn stalk. The little
893:  The little uh silk uh the silk hair or the silk something
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Is the silk the part on the corn?
893:  Yes it's on it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And on a graduation cap you have a little
893:  tassel.
Interviewer:  And the little umbrella shaped thing that springs up in the woods or fields after it rains.
893:  Mushrooms.
Interviewer:  #1 Any other name? #
893:  #2 Or # um {NW} um mushrooms and no I don't remember. But I know I know what you mean.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of frog bench or toadstool?
893:  Toadstool yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that the same as mushroom? #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Well it has the same shape. #1 but #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  mushrooms are eaten and toadstools are not.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And what kinds of melons do people grow around here?
893:  Watermelon cantaloupe uh honeydew melons.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  That's about all.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of mush melon or musk melon?
893:  No.
Interviewer:  Something people smoke made out of tobacco.
893:  Cigarettes. cigars.
Interviewer:  And say if I'm I ask you can you do that you'd say no I
893:  Can't do it.
Interviewer:  And if I ask you will you do it you'd say no I
893:  won't.
Interviewer:  And say um you might tell a child you're not doing what you
893:  Should. Or what you ought to.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And say if the child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something
893:  He should not have done.
Interviewer:  Or another way of saying that he using the word ought. You said I bet he did something he
893:  Ought not to have done.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And Say if I ask you if you'll be able to to help me do some work next week or something. You might say well I'm not sure I could help you but I
893:  I'll try.
Interviewer:  Or I might Do you ever say I might could?
893:  No. I might be able to.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Does might could sound funny?
893:  Yes it does. {NW}
Interviewer:  And the kind of bird that can see in the dark.
893:  Owl.
Interviewer:  What different kinds of owls?
893:  No. Uh I don't know that's that's the only one I know of. A night owl.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about the little owl? Makes a real scary noise.
893:  #1 I don't #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you ever hear of screech owl or #
893:  #1 oh screech owl. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
893:  Yes I've heard that expression screech owl.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You've never see one?
893:  No uh-uh.
Interviewer:  What about the kind of bird that drills holes in trees?
893:  Woodpecker?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Any other name for him? What about the big woodpecker?
893:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever heard of the wood pecker called the pecker wood?
893:  No. uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And the kind of black and white animal that has a strong smell.
893:  Skunk.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And Say some animal's been coming and killing your chickens. What general name would you have for the type of animal that would do that?
893:  A possum?
Interviewer:  or just You don't know if it's a possum or a skunk or just what it is but you say I'm going to get a gun and kill those do you ever use the word varm-varmints?
893:  Varmints. #1 oh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
893:  Yes. {NW} I've I've seen that in the comics. I've seen that that word in the in the in the in the comics.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 varmints. #
Interviewer:  But it's not something you you hear around here
893:  No uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And the little bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees.
893:  squirrel.
Interviewer:  What different kinds of squirrels?
893:  Well there's the uh brown squirrel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And the
Interviewer:  What's the ground squirrel look like?
893:  The the ground squirrel I think it's or the or prairie dogs
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  They they are the little animals that bore holes in the ground #1 And they live underground. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  They're tiny
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And have a bushy tail.
Interviewer:  {NW} Are there some of those #1 around here? #
893:  #2 oh yes. # Down by the cemetery there's a lot of them.
Interviewer:  I've never seen one.
893:  Yes they were real cute.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 They're just a miniature squirrel. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  They're real cute but they're they're very uh how should I say aggressive.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh #
893:  #2 Cause they # they they bite hard.
Interviewer:  {NW}
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What what about the squirrels that get up in the trees? #1 Are there different kinds of those? #
893:  #2 That's a tree tree squirrel. #
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Yes. #
Interviewer:  What color?
893:  Brown.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. And you ever heard of a boomer? for gray squirrel or fox squirrel or
893:  No I haven't.
Interviewer:  What about kinds of fish that people get around here?
893:  Cod fish um turbot uh ocean perch
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Cat fish.
Interviewer:  What other things um do they get from the gulf besides fish?
893:  Oysters. Clams. uh lobsters.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Crabs.
Interviewer:  What about something they uh go out in boats and drag nets and?
893:  Sardines.
Interviewer:  Or
893:  Or um
Interviewer:  Little sea animal it has a shell
893:  Oyster no?
Interviewer:  Well not a a shell hard like that A sort of transparent shell that you you peel off.
893:  I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  Uh It's common you could um get it frozen
893:  What is it?
Interviewer:  What what sort of things would you use for bait? If you were going to go fishing in the #1 gulf. #
893:  #2 For bait? #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Worms I guess.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Or artificial bait. #
Interviewer:  #1 Well what #
893:  #2 but # oh minnows #1 Or #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh #
893:  Or what do you mean?
Interviewer:  If this is a is a sea animal um that you you get from the gulf it's when you if you bought it at the store it would have its its head chopped off. And it would be about this shape. Sort of like that.
893:  {NW} Yes shrimp.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  {NW} Sure one of my favorites. {NW}
Interviewer:  Say you go to the store and ask for two or three pounds of
893:  Shrimp.
Interviewer:  And A little um Something you'd hear making a noise around the lake at night. What would that be?
893:  Around a lake?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Makes a croaking noise.
893:  A frog?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What do you call the big frogs?
893:  Bull frog.
Interviewer:  What about the little tiny ones that get up in the trees and come out after it rains?
893:  A toad? Or uh um {NS} {NW} What is that called? Um I know I know what you mean
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of spring frogs or tree frogs or rain frogs?
893:  No. Toads I have.
Interviewer:  What do they look like?
893:  A toad is something like a frog only it's of of a brown color it's not #1 green. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # What about something that say if you pick up a rock in a freshwater stream something that has claws on it it could #1 Little thing. #
893:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  About this size.
893:  In the water?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. It looks excuse me it looks kind of like a lobster.
893:  And it's not a is that a um {NS} yes yes is that a a crab?
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
893:  #2 uh #
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear or a crawdad or crayfish?
893:  Crayfish uh-huh. Yeah crayfish #1 I've heard that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
893:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  And
893:  #1 or crawfish. #
Interviewer:  #2 a {X} #
893:  #1 some people #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  call it crawfish. I think I would use crawfish #1 instead of crayfish. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. # What about a hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into a shell.
893:  Turtle.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Are there different kinds?
893:  Yes there's water uh turtles or sea turtles.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And then there's the the land turtles.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  The the sea turtles have a soft uh shell and they're good for eating.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And land turtles are have a hard shell. And I don't think they're eaten.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear of one called a cooter or a gopher?
893:  No.
Interviewer:  And an insect that flies around the light and tries to fly into the light.
893:  A light bug. That's what we #1 call them light bug. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # What about something that um Gets in your wool clothes and eats holes in them?
893:  A moth.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And talking about several of those you'd talk about several
893:  moths.
Interviewer:  And an insect that flies around has a little light in its tail.
893:  A firefly.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And this is an insect that um little tiny red thing {NS} get on you if you go out in the woods.
893:  Yes. uh-huh. The chiggers.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 or the # chiggers and I don't know what else.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about an insect that will bite you? Make you itch?
893:  Mosquito.
Interviewer:  And insect that hops around in the grass.
893:  Insect #1 hops around in the #
Interviewer:  #2 green #
893:  oh yeah grasshopper.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. You ever heard them called hopper grass?
893:  No. Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And This is an insect that um it's got real shiny wings it'd be around a damp place like a lake or something. It's supposed to eat mosquitoes. It's got a hard beak to it it's about this size?
893:  Yeah I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a dragonfly or #1 Mosquito fly? #
893:  #2 oh dragon fly yeah mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Any other name for that?
893:  #1 No? #
Interviewer:  #2 What about snake doctor or # Snake feeder
893:  #1 uh-uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mosquito hawk? #
893:  No.
Interviewer:  What kind of insects will sting you?
893:  Mosquitoes. {NW} Sorry. Mosquitoes. Ants. uh uh flies. Flies sting also
Interviewer:  #1 Well something #
893:  #2 bees. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. #1 What about something #
893:  #2 uh wasps. #
Interviewer:  Huh?
893:  Wasps.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  And bees.
Interviewer:  What about something that builds a nest like this?
893:  That's a wasp or a or a bee.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a horn? Hornet?
893:  Hornet. Uh-huh. Well I guess a hornet is a uh what we call wasp.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Cause it's not a bee.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about something that build a a nest out of mud or dirt?
893:  {X} or the bees.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of a mud dauber or a dirt dauber?
893:  No.
Interviewer:  And something that um builds nests in the ground?
893:  Nests in the ground?
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of a yellow yellow jacket?
893:  I've heard of them but I don't I don't know what it means I don't think.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Yellow jacket.
Interviewer:  You've never seen them or?
893:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 And {X} #
893:  #2 what is it? #
Interviewer:  It's it's sort of like a bee. Some people say say they build nests in the ground and other people say they you know build it
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Up like a bee
893:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 nest. # Um if you haven't cleaned a room in a while up in the ceiling in the corner you might find a
893:  cobwebs or spiderwebs.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing?
893:  I think so.
Interviewer:  What What would you call it if it's outside across a bush?
893:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Would you call it a # cobweb or spiderweb then?
893:  A cobweb. yeah. Cobweb more than #1 than spiderweb. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And the parts of the tree that grow under the ground.
893:  Root?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Did you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine?
893:  Yes. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what any of those were?
893:  {NW} No? Uh I've heard of cactus root #1 that's very good for #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  diabetes.
Interviewer:  {NW}
893:  And uh {NW} I know I know that people mention you know several kind of roots and herbs that are that are good for you know #1 used as medicine. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  But I can't of any or the bark of some kind of tree #1 or something. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What different trees grow around here?
893:  Mesquite {NS} And
Interviewer:  What is a mesquite?
893:  Mesquite is a I think it's well somewhere around here. Yes over here and it it gives something like a the shape of a of a string bean
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Only it's it's covering is harder.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And it has a lot of of little seeds inside. And we used to eat those when we were kids. {NW} They taste very good cause #1 They are sweet #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
893:  and they taste good and other person used to boil them but #1 we used to chew on them #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  just like that but it makes your your breath smell real {NS} Real ugly.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  {NW} But it's it's they have a good taste
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  that's I think that they grow during the the summer time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What do um what other kinds of trees?
893:  Well some people have palm trees and cypress evergreens oh uh peach trees or orange or grapefruit
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Different kinds.
Interviewer:  What about the kind of tree that you tap for syrup?
893:  A maple tree.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What would you call a big group of those growing together?
893:  {NW} I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  What about a a tree that it's got long white limbs and white scaly bark you sort of peel off.
893:  Long white limbs?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do you ever hear of a syc-?
893:  Sycamore?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. #1 You ever see #
893:  #2 Well I've heard of # several like uh the oak and the elm and the sycamore and the weeping willow #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  All of those but I I don't I don't know them. and if I come across them I wouldn't know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 They're as far as you know. #
893:  #2 {NW} # I don't think so. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about a a bush that the leaves turn bright red in the fall and it's got clusters of berries on it?
893:  Um {NS}
Interviewer:  You ever heard of {X} or shumac?
893:  Shumac #1 yes uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  That's grown a lot of them a lot of it's grown in Missouri.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And it's it's very pretty I mean it it it's it's color
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  The the leaves they re so pretty they are different kinds of of reds.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  uh different shades I mean. Different shades of red. And it's a very pretty it's well I saw it in as as big as a bush I don't know whether it #1 goes it grows #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  grows into a a tree.
Interviewer:  When were you in Missouri again? #1 {X} #
893:  #2 Oh way back in # 41.
Interviewer:  When you were going up toward
893:  When I was married to my other husband.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  He was in the service and he was stationed in Fort Leonard Wood.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And We lived there for about eight months.
Interviewer:  Where's Fort Lenard Wood?
893:  Fort Leonard Wood is around close to {NW} What's the name of that of that place now? You know Missouri is it's Dallas reminds me so much of it because every two three miles there's a little a little town a little place
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 With a # With a name to it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
893:  You can't uh go very far without getting into you think that you're just getting out of that that town you
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 know and # {NW} And Before you know it why it's it's another little place another
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 little town. # And Dallas is just the same.
Interviewer:  {NW}
893:  Dallas has a lot of little what you would call I guess suburbs
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 or something # and then Missouri is the same way.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. um Do you ever see a a tree sort of the symbol of the south? It It's got shiny green leaves and big white flowers.
893:  Gardenia?
Interviewer:  uh it's a big tree.
893:  It's a big tree.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of magnolia or
893:  #1 magnolia? #
Interviewer:  #2 {X}tree? #
893:  I've heard of magnolia.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Yes but as I say I don't know
Interviewer:  #1 yes #
893:  #2 much about #
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 trees or plants. #
Interviewer:  What about a flowering bush called a spoonwood or spoon hunt or mountain laurel or rhododendron. Do you ever hear of those?
893:  I've heard of oleanders.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  In fact they're very common here in El Dorado. #1 of #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. #
893:  Pink and white and yellow and I guess that's about all.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What um kind of tree did George Washington cut down?
893:  Cherry.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And what different kinds of berries are there? um would you buy in the store here or grow around here?
893:  {NW} Pardon me. A strawberry and now that I think of it here in Loredo was very {NS} very known for their mulberry trees.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Uh and and a strawberry and uh well that's about the only thing that I buy in stores strawberry cause I love them. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 What about #
893:  #2 but #
Interviewer:  a berry some of them are red some of them are black it's got a a round surface to it. Did you ever hear of rasp
893:  Raspberry?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Yeah. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  #1 I don't guess they're around here. #
893:  #2 I've heard of raspberry. # No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Say if you saw some berries that you didn't know what kind they were you'd tell someone you better not eat those they might be
893:  Poisonous.
Interviewer:  And the kinds of bushes or vines that will make your skin break out if you touch them.
893:  Ivy.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 Poison ivy. #
Interviewer:  How do you recognize that when you see it?
893:  I don't know I've never seen any. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  I've heard of it but I've never seen any or
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Or come in contact with with poison ivy.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something. She'd say well I have to ask
893:  Have to ask my husband or?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And he would say talking about her I have to ask
893:  My wife.
Interviewer:  Any joking ways that
893:  My old lady my old man.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  My ball and chain or #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 And # A woman who's husband is dead is called a
893:  A widow.
Interviewer:  And if they're divorced she'd be a
893:  divorcée.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the expression grass widow?
893:  Yes. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  #1 What #
893:  #2 I have. # that that applies to a divorced woman.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. #1 They call her a #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm. # a grass widow.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And what did you call your father? when you were little?
893:  I didn't call him anything.
Interviewer:  #1 I mean what what what #
893:  #2 {NW} # #1 What would I have what would I have called him. #
Interviewer:  #2 What we would #
893:  Well daddy I guess.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Father. Pa.
Interviewer:  What Is that what your children call their own their father?
893:  Daddy.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  What about What what did your children call you?
893:  Mother. Or mama.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about your your grandparents? What did
893:  Grammy or grandma.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  It's what they call me.
Interviewer:  {X} What did they call your grandfather?
893:  Grandpa.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What are the the Spanish names?
893:  {C: Spanish: Abuela.} {C: Spanish: Abuelo or abuela.} A-B-U-E-L-A.
Interviewer:  For gran
893:  For grandmother.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  And L-O for grandfather.
Interviewer:  Did most of them what about for father and mother? What what are the Spanish names?
893:  Mama Papa.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What most of the uh the Mexican American children call do they they call the Spanish names for
893:  #1 Yes. Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Brother and #
893:  Yes. Most well uh only the ones that {NS} you know that live up north are the ones that uh speak English only
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  At their homes although they are of Mexican descent but there are some families who prefer to speak English all the time.
Interviewer:  #1 Why is that? #
893:  #2 Which I think is very good # Well I think that it's so their children won't have any trouble when they when they start school. Mainly I think that is the reason when there's young children. Other people because they like they must like the English language. Or maybe it's easier for them to speak English than it is to
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
893:  speak Spanish.
Interviewer:  Are there very many families like that?
893:  Yes there are. There's quite some yeah. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  I was reading somewhere that um some places like San Antonio look people of Mexican descent wouldn't want to admit that they were
893:  Some of them don't I don't know why. And some of them won't admit