893:  Well you know to to speak both languages are.
Interviewer:  {X} people that don't want to admit that they speak Spanish are they mostly Anglos or?
893:  Well some Anglos yes most Anglos well I wouldn't say most of them but but some of them do. I think they they {NS} they might uh they might feel that they are uh inferior or something because
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Because they speak Spanish. Like uh some Mexican Americans that uh {NS} won't admit that their ancestors were were Mexicans or that uh they they uh are of Mexican descent or something like that I don't see why.
Interviewer:  Do you notice that around here very much or
893:  Not very much. No not not too much.
Interviewer:  Would it mostly be in San Antonio and places like that?
893:  Uh places yes places where the English language predominates.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  That's where most of where you would find most of that well to me it's discrimination.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  That's the way I look at it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you find um I read that some of them like if if there's an Anglo present you know in the interviews and stuff they will purposely mispronounce their own name. Like if someone told me um like {D: Litermina}. #1 He he pronounced it #
893:  #2 okay #
Interviewer:  #1 His name #
893:  #2 his name # #1 yeah uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Like an Anglo. #
893:  #1 Yes uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 You know. #
893:  #1 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Have you ever noticed people doing that? #
893:  Yes of course a lot of them.
Interviewer:  #1 Just mispronounce their own name? #
893:  #2 uh-huh just mispronounce their own name yes. # Uh-huh. Just I guess it's to make it easier for the Anglo person to #1 understand. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  Or uh I don't know I I don't see any point in that. {NW}
Interviewer:  It really seems funny to me.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  That anyone would
893:  Yes. One time Tonio uh all of the uh the Mexican Americans like uh for example let's say uh uh the last name was Toreya they would say {NS} Torella.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And uh what else now? Martinez.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  They say Martinez.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Well maybe uh that's what I'm saying maybe the the it's easier for the Anglos to pronounce them in their own uh
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 Their own # pronunciation or what
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Have you because I have a friend there in in she who lives in Chicago whose last name is Martinez. #1 And she says #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  here I'm not Martinez anymore says I'm "Martinez."
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 {NW} # Because everybody started calling her Martinez. see?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  I guess they it's a it's a little bit hard for some Anglos to you know #1 to pronounce #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  some of the Mexican uh names. That's what I think I don't know.
Interviewer:  {NW} What different names are there for Mexican Americans? How How do you feel about the name Chicano for example?
893:  Chicano? I don't like it. No.
Interviewer:  #1 What would you #
893:  #2 I don't like Chicano # why? Why well I would prefer uh Mexicano or uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  uh uh Mexican American.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Or uh you know some proper name but
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Chicano is just a what you would call a nickname or an adjective or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  something like that.
Interviewer:  Do you think um I I think it's a word you know sort of political. Because it's well you know I I read about you know
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  #1 Chicano or #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Yes.
Interviewer:  You know organized #1 political and #
893:  #2 yes. Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  Um but do you think of it that way or do you think of it more as sort of a do you picture sort of a low #1 lower class? #
893:  #2 Yes. # Yes I picture it as a like I said it's like for example if you were to call me a Chicano
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  I would think that you were degrading me
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 By calling me Chicano # instead of calling me a Mexican American or American citizen of Mexican descent or something like #1 that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  And if you were to call me Chicano I would be insulted or #1 offended. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  or hurt.
Interviewer:  Isn't that the um the la raza?
893:  La raza?
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. Isn't that the #
893:  #2 La raza? #
Interviewer:  #1 the {X}? #
893:  #2 Raza it's # Yes raza. It means race though.
Interviewer:  #1 Well no there's #
893:  #2 but #
Interviewer:  there's some political organization or
893:  Raza Unida?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Yeah.
893:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
893:  #2 yeah the united race. #
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  The is is that the term they use? Or
893:  Well raza unida that I think that's the name of the organization.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Raza unida because uh see Anglos call us raza {D: nagase} well it's just saying uh Chicano a lower grade of uh #1 Mexican you see? #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  And that's why they call themselves la raza unida. #1 That they are {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  united.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  see?
Interviewer:  What other um what names are there for um say Mexicans um maybe Mexican Americans or maybe Mexicans um that you sort of look down on? Or that people look down on? If maybe I'm you know like they have switch blades over there. You know the
893:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 the youngsters #
893:  #1 yes uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 carry the switchblades and #
893:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 and find themselves trouble # What would you call them?
893:  {NW} Well we used to call the long haired uh uh trampy like uh Mexicans uh pachucos.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  there wear the their pointed shoes #1 you know and #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. #
893:  their Well years ago they used to wear their pants uh real tight on the #1 bottom #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. #
893:  and with their hair real slick #1 with a lot of grease or something on it. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm.
893:  And we used to call them pachucas.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of them just called chucs?
893:  Chucs?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  uh oh I guess. Yeah. But uh {NS} well frankly I just I wouldn't I I'd call them just uh um bums or {NW} or you know just uh oh just that that people that just don't know any better and they think that carrying a knife and getting into fights is or getting into all kinds of trouble is being a man.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 That's being silly. #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 {NW} # machismo.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  but what other names for Mexican Americans are there that you don't like? If someone wanted to insult you.
893:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 What would they call you? #
893:  well chico Chicano -drasa. uh
Interviewer:  What about Anglo names? um
893:  #1 Anglo? #
Interviewer:  #2 to insult. #
893:  To insult?
Interviewer:  um Mexican Americans?
893:  alright I guess that the Anglos it's not too hard for Anglos to pronounce chico or Chicano.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Chico means the same as Chicano?
893:  Yes it's a shorter word
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What about terms like greaser or #1 greaser or #
893:  #2 yeah greaser. # uh-huh. Well they used to to call call Mexicans that a long time ago.
Interviewer:  #1 That's old fashioned? #
893:  #2 Not anymore. Yeah that's old fashioned. # Mexican greasers.
Interviewer:  What any other terms they use now that would be like that?
893:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  What about terms for Anglos that Mexican Americans use?
893:  uh white trash.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 Hillbilly. # uh that's what I call my son in law.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  You call him white trash?
893:  #1 No I call him hillbilly. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Uh-huh.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Where's he from? Well he's I guess he was born in Dallas I don't know
893:  #1 He's lived there all his life. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # uh-huh. What about grin
893:  gringo.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Gringo. uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Is that an insulting #1 word or? #
893:  #2 no # No it's just as if you would call me Mexicano. #1 and I'd call you gringa. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm.
893:  But it's it's not an insulting word I mean it's very common
Interviewer:  #1 mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 uh-huh. # Like people you know that don't haven't had too much education and or haven't heard much.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  They say she's a instead of saying he's Anglo they say he's a gringo.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  So they don't mean it.
893:  No uh-uh. Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Um what about someone um who's sort of a well born around here but who can't speak Spanish well and they can't speak English well. Who's not maybe someone who's third or fourth generation Mexican American decent. You know.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  But you know he goes to Mexico
893:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 people don't accept him there. #
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  People don't accept him in San Antonio.
893:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: phrase} For the most part. # What what would he be called? Do you ever hear the term pocho?
893:  Pocho. #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
893:  Well that's uh I mean that's a a term that Mexicans from Mexico give us Mexican Americans. or give a person who's a a Mexican American that comes from Mexican descent and who tries to a to brag about him knowing English.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  and he tries to make other people believe that he'd forgotten the Spanish language or what have you see? And they're called pochos.
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Or some Mexican who won't speak Spanish but only English.
Interviewer:  Sort of like a Mexicano {X} or something.
893:  Uh-huh. {NW}
Interviewer:  Would um that's a pretty insulting word then. I mean
893:  Well I would take it I would take it as an #1 insult #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  Yeah. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What other words like that are there? um you know for different groups of people.
893:  Mm. Well um
Interviewer:  What are are kickers I've noticed bumper stickers
893:  #1 kickers? #
Interviewer:  #2 around here that say # I'm proud to be a kicker.
893:  I wouldn't know. It's the first time I've heard that term.
Interviewer:  It's something that has to do with cowboys I think.
893:  {NW} I don't know.
Interviewer:  um what about blacks? What different names are there for blacks?
893:  Nigger. colored colored uh people. Or blacks.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about the proper name?
893:  I would call them colored.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about N-E-G-R-O?
893:  Negro.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Yes.
Interviewer:  Any joking names or insulting names or
893:  well a nigger is an insulting name.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And so is uh uh black I would take that if I were black I would take that as an insulting name.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And uh well I I wouldn't know cause I I call them either negro or colored.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about different names for just whites in general?
893:  Anglos.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. um Any insulting names? Besides the #1 gringo {X} #
893:  #2 Besides what I told you # #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 You ever hear of like # the word peckerwood or cracker or redneck?
893:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  um What about someone who lives out in the country and who doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town everybody can just take one look at him and tell he's from way out in the country.
893:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 They call him a #
893:  uh-huh. Hillbilly?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
893:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  And what did blacks used to call the the people that they worked for? Or were were there in
893:  #1 master? #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Uh-huh.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What about um around here? The person that you work for.
893:  Patron.
Interviewer:  Patron?
893:  Patron.
Interviewer:  {X} that system {X} I've heard something about that.
893:  Uh patron? Well it's just like a boss.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Like or jefe. Like Mr. Legli I would say he's my jefe.
Interviewer:  #1 He's your what? #
893:  #2 or he's # jefe. j-e-s-e.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  That's another name for boss. My jefe or patron that's that's someone who who employs or has employers under him.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Employees rather.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 Sorry. # {NW}
Interviewer:  What about a a child that's born um where one parent's black and the other parent's white. What would you call a child like that?
893:  uh Well it's it doesn't sound very nice and I wouldn't like for anybody to to call me a a mixed breed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But that's generally you know I guess they they try to insult.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  But I would say such so and so is half Anglo and half
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Spanish or a
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Uh it's a a cross of Anglo and and Spanish or whatever.
Interviewer:  What about mulatto? Or {X}
893:  Mulatto?
Interviewer:  Mulatto.
893:  Mulatto I believe is a cross between uh between colored and uh and Anglo or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Colored and something else.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about {D: word octaroon} or {D: word} quadrant Do you ever hear of those?
893:  No. Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  What about the French people in Louisiana? Do you ever hear a name for them?
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Cajun or {D: word coonads} or
893:  No. Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. What about a a very light skinned colored person. Would you have a special name for them?
893:  Albino?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  You mean an albino?
Interviewer:  Well I just meant someone who's
893:  who's very fair?
Interviewer:  uh-huh. #1 Do you ever hear of yellow or #
893:  #2 {X} # no. I would say well she is very has a very fair skin or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Is very fair skinned or very fair.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about um with with negroes um it's sort of more prestigious or something to to be light skinned.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You know the the very dark negroes in the south
893:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  as traditionally sort of been you know looked down on.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Or something. Um is it the same way with Mexicans or Mexican Americans?
893:  I think so. More or less it comes to about the same thing.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 It amounts to about the same thing. # In uh well not too far away here in the state of Texas they have the impression that all of us Mexicans as a general rule we are very dark #1 and we don't know how to conduct ourselves. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. #
893:  We don't we are very ignorant.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And they don't think of a Mexican being just as smart
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  As an Anglo.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Like uh Now like I say my daughter there in Dallas and uh before they knew her
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 Before they had met her # They pictured her as like one of her sisters in law said a a short fat greasy Mexican. And she's she's tall and #1 she's about as fair as you are #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm.
893:  and has blue eyes. And you couldn't tell she has Mexican blood in her.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  You can't tell just by looking at her now {NW} a lot of people have been fooled
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  and they start talking about her in Spanish not knowing that she knows just as good Spanish as I do. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  It really is funny. {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW} What do they say about her?
893:  {NW} Well you know like maybe somebody won't like her and they'll say oh look at that gringa this or that gringa that #1 you know #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  and they they comment about something
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  she just turns around and answers them back. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  Now when I was in Missouri I had a a neighbor ask me that how come I was fair.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  I said what do you mean? She said well I thought all Mexicans are dark we're #1 dark. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  And I said no I said you find dark uh dark Mexicans I said and you find very fair Mexicans.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  In fact in {D: Jualatajala} most people are are fair and blond and
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  with blue eyes or green eyes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  You couldn't tell that they are Mexicans.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What um does the amount of Indian blood you have #1 lean towards the #
893:  #2 have anything I guess so #
Interviewer:  #1 the complexion? #
893:  #2 It must. # It must because we're crossed with the Spanish #1 Spaniards #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  Spaniards are very fair
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And have uh light colored eyes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. But
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Would Mexican Americans themselves does is there much concern about you know fair skin or or darker skin?
893:  Well um not the dark skin person is uh uh what you say is a educated and
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  uh well mannered like Mr. Sayida you take Mr. Sayida he's very dark #1 but he's #
Interviewer:  #2 the one who's #
893:  Yeah uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  but he's very well mannered. #1 he's educated #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  He's well what you would say a gentleman.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  {NW} And uh no I don't think that he would be looked down on.
Interviewer:  Yeah. #1 and this #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 There's no discrimination #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Um say um something on wheels that you could put a baby in and it'll lie down.
893:  a carriage?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. You put the baby in the carriage then you go out and what
893:  push it.
Interviewer:  And if a woman was going to have a child you;d say that she's
893:  expecting.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
893:  Or she was pregnant.
Interviewer:  Did people used to use that word pregnant much when you were growing up or did it sound sort of bad to say?
893:  Yes it sounded like uh like a bad word.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  They would say she's expecting or they would use some other term so we so we children wouldn't understand.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And if you did have a doctor to deliver a baby the woman you could send for
893:  a midwife.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And a child that's born to a woman that's not married would be called a
893:  illegitimate.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any other name?
893:  There's a very ugly name bastard.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about woods colt or bush child? Did you ever hear that?
893:  No. Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And say if a boy has the same colored hair and eyes his father has and the same shaped nose you say that he he what his father he
893:  He looks like his father or
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  He took after his father
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And if a child's misbehaving you tell him if he does that again you're going to get a
893:  spanking or a whipping. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # and if Bob is five inches taller this year you say Bob what?
893:  Grew?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you certainly have
893:  Grown.
Interviewer:  And you could almost see him
893:  grow.
Interviewer:  And your brother's son would be your your brother's son.
893:  My brother's son
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 would be my # nephew.
Interviewer:  And the child that's lost both parents would be a
893:  orphan.
Interviewer:  And the person who looks after the orphan would be his legal
893:  guardian.
Interviewer:  and do you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces in this town you say this town is full of my
893:  relatives.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you say well she has the same family name she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no
893:  Not related.
Interviewer:  #1 or we're no #
893:  #2 or no relations. #
Interviewer:  and someone who comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before. He'd be a
893:  Newcomer.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What if he came from a different country? He'd be a
893:  A foreigner.
Interviewer:  Would you ever use the word foreigner about someone who hadn't come from another country?
893:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And a woman who conducts school would be
893:  A teacher?
Interviewer:  and do you ever um are you familiar with the last name Cooper or Cooper?
893:  Yes uh-huh.
Interviewer:  What would you call a married woman with that last name? She'd be
893:  Mrs. Cooper.
Interviewer:  And the name of the mother of Jesus
893:  Mary.
Interviewer:  And George Washington's wife.
893:  Martha.
Interviewer:  And do you remember a song start off wait 'til the sun shines?
893:  Mm-mm. I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the name Nelly?
893:  Nelly yes. uh-huh.
Interviewer:  And a male goat is called a
893:  male goat?
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  No.
Interviewer:  Or a nickname for William.
893:  Bill billy goat that's right. {NW}
Interviewer:  And the first book in the new testament in the bible.
893:  Genesis.
Interviewer:  Or the new testament.
893:  In the new testament?
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 uh # {NW} Saint Matthew?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And the fourth book in the new testament. Matthew Mark #1 Luke #
893:  #2 Matthew # Mark Luke and uh Matthew Luke Mark
Interviewer:  Well
893:  And uh
Interviewer:  What was Kennedy's first name?
893:  Who?
Interviewer:  President Kennedy.
893:  John.
Interviewer:  And if your father had a brother by that name you'd call him
893:  Uncle John.
Interviewer:  And a child nicknamed Bill his full name is
893:  William.
Interviewer:  and your father has a brother by that full name. You'd call him
893:  Uncle Bill.
Interviewer:  or uncle
893:  Uncle William.
Interviewer:  And the name of the wife of Abraham.
893:  Abraham Lincoln?
Interviewer:  #1 in the bible. #
893:  #2 or # oh in the bible. Sara?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And a preacher that's not very well trained. Just sort of preaches here and there. Not very good at preaching. You'd call him a
893:  I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the expression jack leg or {D: words?} shave trade?
893:  No.
Interviewer:  And what would relation would my mother's sister be to me?
893:  Your aunt.
Interviewer:  And the highest rank in the army.
893:  Uh four star general.
Interviewer:  and beneath the general is the
893:  uh beneath the general is lieu- uh kernel?
Interviewer:  And the person in charge of a ship.
893:  A captain.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear the word captain used to call people you work for?
893:  Yes. uh Mm-hmm captain.
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  In fact uh {NW} who's called captain? Somebody that I that I know is uh I don't know whether one of my bosses use yeah one of my bosses used to call captain to one of his employees. #1 I don't know why. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # {NW} uh the person who presides over court is the
893:  Judge.
Interviewer:  and the person who goes to school.
893:  A student.
Interviewer:  And a man on the stage be an actor. A woman would be a
893:  actress.
Interviewer:  and a woman who works at an office and does the typing and so forth.
893:  Secretary.
Interviewer:  and say if you're at a party and you look at your watch and see that it's around 11:30 or so you say well we better be getting home it's
893:  Getting late.
Interviewer:  It's what midnight? It's
893:  almost midnight.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if it was slippery outside you'd say well I didn't fall down but I #1 a couple times I #
893:  #2 slipped. #
Interviewer:  and I might might to
893:  Might to have fallen.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. Do you use that expression much? Might to have?
893:  Like to have? No I almost fell.
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And if someone's waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere calls out asking if you'll e ready soon you say I'll be with you
893:  in a minute.
Interviewer:  Or just
893:  Or just a second.
Interviewer:  and this part of my head is called my
893:  forehead.
Interviewer:  And this is my
893:  hair.
Interviewer:  For a man hair here would be a
893:  Whiskers.
Interviewer:  or you'd be growing a
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 you didn't shave you'd be growing a #
893:  beard.
Interviewer:  And this is my
893:  ear.
Interviewer:  Which one?
893:  The left.
Interviewer:  huh?
893:  Left ear?
Interviewer:  and this is
893:  the right ear.
Interviewer:  and
893:  your lips or your mouth.
Interviewer:  And
893:  neck. throat.
Interviewer:  What about goozle? You ever hear that?
893:  No {NW}
Interviewer:  And these are my
893:  teeth.
Interviewer:  and this is one
893:  tooth.
Interviewer:  And the flesh around your teeth.
893:  lip.
Interviewer:  Or
893:  oh gum.
Interviewer:  And this is one
893:  hand.
Interviewer:  two
893:  hands.
Interviewer:  and this is the
893:  Palm of the hand.
Interviewer:  and this is one
893:  fist.
Interviewer:  two
893:  fists.
Interviewer:  And the place where the bones come together.
893:  The bones?
Interviewer:  uh-huh. Where
893:  oh for the the bones are what
Interviewer:  this this is called a
893:  a joint.
Interviewer:  and on a man this would be his
893:  chest?
Interviewer:  and these are the
893:  shoulders.
Interviewer:  and this is one
893:  leg.
Interviewer:  and this is one
893:  foot.
Interviewer:  and I have two
893:  feet.
Interviewer:  And the sensitive bone right right here. This is the
893:  The I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of shin or shin?
893:  A shin that's right.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 The shin. Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  and say if I get down like this you'd say I'm
893:  um you would squat?
Interviewer:  mm-kay.
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 you ever hear of # people say um hunker down or down on your haunches. Do you ever hear that?
893:  Down on your haunches I've heard that.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  That sounds funny to you?
893:  Yes it does. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 What is your haunches? #
893:  I don't know the back part I guess.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  and say someone had been sick for a while. You say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit
893:  ill. Or sick.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you ever say peaked or puny or?
893:  I've heard the expression puny but uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  but I I don't use it.
Interviewer:  and someone who's in good shape. You say he's big and
893:  healthy.
Interviewer:  and or he's not weak he's
893:  strong.
Interviewer:  And say uh how about stout or husky would you use those words?
893:  Well stout or heavy or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What does stout mean?
893:  Husky husky I don't I mean there is it is a correct word I know because uh they sell um husky pants.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  for boys who are big you know #1 the #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. #
893:  They take the say size 12 but in a in a bigger
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
893:  in a well a a not not the regular size twelve #1 but a bigger 12. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm. # A little more like they're little more more overweight?
893:  Uh-huh. Yes.
Interviewer:  #1 What about stout? #
893:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Does that mean a little overweight or
893:  Yes it does.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  Would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that was turning bad?
893:  a body that was turning
Interviewer:  butter.
893:  Butter. #1 stout butter? No I don't think so. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  no.
Interviewer:  Someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper. You say that he's
893:  uh jolly or
Interviewer:  mm-kay.
893:  continue or uh good humored.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And someone like a a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs. you say he's
893:  lanky. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 What if he's always # stumbling and dropping things. Then he's
893:  uh uh yes I know I know I have the word you're uh {NW} call that do my grand grandson. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  I can't think of it. Now
Interviewer:  Do you ever say clumsy or #1 awkward or #
893:  #2 clumsy yeah #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
893:  #2 you're all clumsy # you're too clumsy or you're butterfingers or
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  All you're all legs or all arms or all thumbs. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Someone who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense. You say he' just a plain
893:  uh silly.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Would you ever use the word fool? Say that someone's a fool?
893:  Yeah I think I would. #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 How would you # how would you use that?
893:  {NW} Well uh like for example uh when uh one of those spoiled children that uh try to put on an act when especially when there's company #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  are bathed or just making fools of themselves. #1 or when a person #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  Gets too drunk and uh they start acting silly. They they're just making fools of themselves.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And someone who has a lot of money. But really hangs onto his money. You'd call him
893:  miser?
Interviewer:  Any other name for him?
893:  um stingy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And when you say that a person is common what does that mean?
893:  Common?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Well that uh there's nothing special about that person I mean it's just a ordinary uh
Interviewer:  #1 is it an insult? #
893:  #2 person. # Well I I'd I wouldn't take it as an insult I mean I would rather use ordinary than
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  than common.
Interviewer:  What if you say that a girl is very common? What would that mean?
893:  A girl?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  It would mean the same thing?
893:  Uh Well it all depends on the way it's said or uh
Interviewer:  What could it mean?
893:  Well I could it could mean that uh that girl would be uh boy crazy or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  she would talk to all the boys or try to get to go with all the boys or something like that. That's what I think I don't #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Like those prostitutes over the border? #
893:  {NW} Could be. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # And say an older person someone maybe up in their eighties who who still gets around real well doesn't show his age he can still do all his work You'd well well for his age he's still awfully
893:  sprite #1 or awfully #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  um gets around very well or uh he's uh very um {NW} what's another word for that? Very um active.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Say a child might say well I'm not going to go upstairs in the dark I'm
893:  afraid. #1 or scared. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. # And you say well I don't see she's scared now she
893:  wasn't?
Interviewer:  uh-huh. For use an expression used to be you'd say why's she scared now she
893:  she was not #1 before #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  or she hasn't been or she hadn't been.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. Would you ever say she didn't used to be or #1 used to didn't be #
893:  #2 or didn't used to be. #
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Didn't used to be.
Interviewer:  and say if your children are out later than usual. You say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little
893:  upset or nervous or uh uh
Interviewer:  or you say you wouldn't be easy about it #1 you'd say #
893:  #2 uneasy #
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And you say well they'll get home alright just don't
893:  Don't worry.
Interviewer:  And someone who leaves a lot of money on the table then goes outside and doesn't even bother to lock the door. You'd say he's mighty
893:  careless.
Interviewer:  and you said there's nothing really wrong wrong with Aunt Lizzy but sometimes she acts kind of
893:  silly.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  you ever use the word queer or queer?
893:  uh queer or funny.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  or odd.
Interviewer:  What does the word queer mean?
893:  Uh someone who uh Who acts kind of funny that doesn't at normal.
Interviewer:  Does that word change meanings #1 in past years? #
893:  #2 yes it does. # I mean well we use the word queer for
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  uh uh effeminate man or something.
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 say #
893:  or vice versa to a woman.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. Has has that um you mean homosexuals or
893:  yes something like that.
Interviewer:  #1 has it #
893:  #2 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  has the word queer always meant that? To you?
893:  Well no uh it has meant that and it has meant uh well something queer something that's not common something that's not #1 usual. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  That's uh that that applies to queer also.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and Someone who makes up his own mind and then you can't argue with him. He won't change his mind he he won't ever admit he's wrong. #1 You say that he #
893:  #2 stubborn? #
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any other way of saying that?
893:  He's set in his ways.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper. Just a the least little thing. You You'd say he's awfully
893:  Touchy.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And you say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so
893:  upset. Or angry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And someone's about to lose their temper. You'd tell them to just #1 just keep #
893:  #2 hold on or # simmer down or #1 just keep your temper. #
Interviewer:  #2 or keep # Mm-kay. And if you had been working very hard you'd say you were very
893:  tired. Which I am.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 Any other #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 expressions? #
893:  #2 {NW} # uh pooped. {NW} And uh worn out.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Say if a person had been well then suddenly here they've got some disease you say well well yesterday they were fine when was it that they what sick? When was it that they
893:  became.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. or or a more common way of saying that. #1 when #
893:  #2 got #
Interviewer:  #1 huh? #
893:  #2 got sick. #
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Got sick? #
Interviewer:  and the person went outside in in bad weather and came in sneezing and everything you say he
893:  he would he has caught a cold.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. Um or yesterday he went out in the rain that's when he
893:  caught a cold or that's when he uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  he started getting a cold or something like that.
Interviewer:  {NS} {X} you have a
893:  a cold.
Interviewer:  huh?
893:  A cold.
Interviewer:  What do you call that?
893:  {NS} oh a cough.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  And if you can't talk right you say #1 you sound #
893:  #2 a sore throat. #
Interviewer:  #1 Or you sound #
893:  #2 or hoarse. #
Interviewer:  Hmm?
893:  Hoarse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 And #
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 you say um # You throw a ball and ask somebody to
893:  catch it.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and I threw the ball and he
893:  Caught it.
Interviewer:  And I've been fishing but I haven't
893:  caught anything.
Interviewer:  And you'd say I'm I'm glad I carried my umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it
893:  Started to rain. Or when it rained.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And you're asking someone um what time does the movie
893:  Is over.
Interviewer:  but what time does it the
893:  Does it end?
Interviewer:  Or what time does it You want to know when it starts you'd ask them for what time does it
893:  does it end or what time is it over
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Or # What else?
Interviewer:  Or if you're asking when it starts? Another Another way of saying that you could say what time does it start or you could say what time does it b
893:  Does it what?
Interviewer:  What's another word for start?
893:  Start begin.
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  you say the movie um must have already
893:  begun.
Interviewer:  And ten minutes ago it
893:  Began.
Interviewer:  And if you got someone's medicine um you went in their room and it was still there you'd say why haven't you
893:  taken
Interviewer:  and the person would say I already
893:  took it.
Interviewer:  {NS} And in another hour I'll
893:  take it.
Interviewer:  And someone who can't hear anything at all You say that they're
893:  Deaf.
Interviewer:  and if a man had been working out in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I
893:  perspired.
Interviewer:  Or
893:  or sweat.
Interviewer:  And a sword that comes to a head Is called a
893:  A sword?
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah a sword that you get #
893:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 across your head. #
893:  #2 uh-huh. # It's uh ripe or
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  It's uh ready to open or #1 ready to burst #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  or
Interviewer:  What do you call the sword though?
893:  I I don't know. uh uh uh
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear boil or rind?
893:  A boil a boil uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Yeah. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  When the boil opens the stuff that drains out is
893:  pus.
Interviewer:  What about if a when a blister opens?
893:  It's uh just water or
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 liquid. # uh-huh.
Interviewer:  And you say a bee stung me in my hand #1 {D: phrase} did that #
893:  #2 and it swelled. #
Interviewer:  And my hand's still pretty badly
893:  swollen.
Interviewer:  And the bee sting to your hand will
893:  Swell.
Interviewer:  And if someone got shot or stabbed you'd have to get a doctor to look at the
893:  At the wound.
Interviewer:  And you know sometimes the wound won't heal back right it gets sort of a skinless growth around it you call that some kind of flesh? Do you ever hear of crowd flesh?
893:  No. Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And if you have a cut on your finger a brown liquid medicine that stings that #1 you could put on it #
893:  #2 iodine. #
Interviewer:  huh?
893:  iodine?
Interviewer:  uh-huh. What about a real bitter medicine people used to take?
893:  Real bitter?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 tasted terrible. #
893:  {NW} I don't know we used to take something awful when we were kids that it was either Epsom salts or uh or some other kind that similar to it only it came in bottles already.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Ay it was awful.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 And every weekend # we had to take some of that. {NW}
Interviewer:  What were you taking it for?
893:  Just to clean out our systems. uh you know especially during the summer time.
Interviewer:  #1 used to take it then? #
893:  #2 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of quinine or quinine?
893:  Quinine yeah. Quinine.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever have that? #
893:  #2 That's good for # for fever.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Say if a man was shot and he didn't get any better you'd say he if he didn't live he
893:  He died.
Interviewer:  Any nicer ways of saying he died?
893:  Passed away.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about sort of a crude way of saying that?
893:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  And you say he's been a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died
893:  of.
Interviewer:  And
893:  What's a cruel way to say when a person dies?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of kicked the bucket or?
893:  Kicked the bucket yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Hang the tinnies.
Interviewer:  #1 Hang what? #
893:  #2 {NW} # Hang the tennis. {NW}
Interviewer:  I've never heard that.
893:  {NW} That's the expression we've been using lately at the house.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {X}
893:  Yeah well I'll hang my tennis pretty soon I tell my grandson you know what I'm going to hang my tennis pretty soon.
Interviewer:  Hang your #1 tennis? #
893:  #2 Tennis. # Uh-huh. Tennis. #1 Tennis like tennis shoes. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. # uh-huh. #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 I've never heard that. #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Um a place where people are buried is a
893:  Cemetery.
Interviewer:  Any other name for that?
893:  Um yes a cemetery and a {NW} what else what else I know I know but another name for it. uh I can't think of it just now.
Interviewer:  What about what they put the body in?
893:  A coffin.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And when he died everybody went to his
893:  funeral.
Interviewer:  And people dressed in black you say that they are in
893:  mourning.
Interviewer:  And on an average sort of day someone asks you how you're feeling you say oh I'm
893:  Alright.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And when people get older their joints start hurting. They say they've got
893:  rheumatism.
Interviewer:  And a really bad sore throat that people used to get children would get it and #1 die from it. #
893:  #2 uh diphtheria. #
Interviewer:  Huh?
893:  diphtheria.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And a disease where your skin and your eyeballs turn yellow.
893:  {NS} that's hepatitis.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW} Um Well yes it's hepatitis but um what do you have a a special name for the when your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? You get you get this along with hepatitis usually. Do you ever hear of jaundice or janders #1 yellow #
893:  #2 jaundice # Jaundice. #1 J-A-U-N-D-I-C-E. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. # Uh-huh.
893:  Yeah. Uh-huh. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 And # when you have a pang down here you have to have an operation.
893:  Appendix?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What do you call the disease that that you have?
893:  Appendicitis.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And you ate something that didn't agree with you. And it came back up you'd say you had to
893:  Vomited or thrown up or uh
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  Had an upset stomach.
Interviewer:  Which sounds nicer? Vomit or throw up.
893:  Vomit I think.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh what #
893:  #2 and it's a proper word. #
Interviewer:  What sounds the worst? What the the
893:  The worst? oh I don't know I think vomit or threw up or
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear puke or barf?
893:  Puke yeah I've heard that. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 that sounds funny to you huh? #
893:  #2 I've heard puke # {NW} Yes.
Interviewer:  Say if a if a person vomits and you say he was sick where?
893:  He was sick in his stomach.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And say if I ask you um if you know a person you might say Well I don't know him but I
893:  Heard of him.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And say something that um that you do every day If I ask you do you do it often you'd say yes I
893:  I do it daily.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-kay. #
893:  #2 or # I do it every day.
Interviewer:  And if you were asking me whether he does that you'd ask me
893:  Does he do it
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And I'd say well I don't smoke but he
893:  He does.
Interviewer:  And say if um well I'm not sure if he did it but people
893:  say or claim
Interviewer:  Huh?
893:  People say or claim that he did.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And talk about um how tall rooms are. You say this room's about
893:  about eight feet high.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if a child's just had her third birthday you say she's
893:  three.
Interviewer:  three
893:  Three years old.
Interviewer:  And Say if a boy's spending a lot of time with a girl he keeps on going over the same girl's house and everything. #1 You'd say that he #
893:  #2 {NW} # {NW} Well he's uh has a girlfriend was over at his
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 his girlfriend's quite often or something. #
Interviewer:  Do you ever say he's courting her or #1 {D: phrase} spoiling her #
893:  #2 courting yeah. # courting uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And he would be her
893:  or wooing #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  courting or he would be her uh uh her boyfriend or her sweetheart #1 or her #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. # and if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say he had been doing what?
893:  dating or uh
Interviewer:  Do you ever say kissing or #1 smooching or #
893:  #2 kissing or petting or # smooching yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And when a girl stops letting a boy come over to see her. You'd say that she
893:  broke off or broke up
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And he asked her to marry him but she
893:  uh declined or uh denied uh declined or uh what else could you say?
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear jilted him or #1 {X} #
893:  #2 jilted yeah # jilted uh-huh.
Interviewer:  That's common around here?
893:  Yes it is.
Interviewer:  And They were engaged and all of a sudden she {NS}
893:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you say she jilted and ran or
893:  She jilted uh-huh or she left him or
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  She changed her mind.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And you say she didn't jilt him you say they went ahead and got
893:  married.
Interviewer:  Any joking ways of saying that?
893:  Eloped.
Interviewer:  #1 any joking ways. #
893:  #2 {NW} # Jokingly ached.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear jumped the broomstick?
893:  No. Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom. #1 he's the #
893:  #2 uh best man? #
Interviewer:  And the woman with the bride she's the
893:  the maid of honor.
Interviewer:  or the the
893:  the what?
Interviewer:  What what else besides the maid of honor do they have?
893:  um matron of honor?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And
893:  the bridesmaid.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Did you remember um hearing about a long time ago if people in the community would get married other people would would come by their house and make a lot of noise and maybe fire off rice or beat on #1 cans and things? #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear about that?
893:  Well I've uh I've seen uh that in the in the car where the bride and groom uh leave for the reception there
Interviewer:  #1 or leave for their #
893:  #2 Mm-hmm. # wherever place they're going. They tie a lot of of tin cans to the to the end of the car to the to the rear bumper.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Or uh uh some old shoes #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  You know they start uh blowing on their horn or #1 whatever. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Do you ever heard of a a shivaree or a serenade?
893:  Serenade yes I've heard of serenades.
Interviewer:  What's a serenade?
893:  A serenade is a when a a when a boy is courting a girl he takes some musicians or he alone if he knows how to play the guitar he goes and sings to #1 her and plays a guitar. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
893:  a serenade.
Interviewer:  Say um how do you use the words up or down or over talking about location like like if you went to um #1 say #
893:  #2 uptown? #
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or say that you went to San Antonio. You'd say I went
893:  over to San Antonio.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Why would you say over?
893:  Well because it was over on the other side of of my town.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  I went over there because it's over there it's not here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you say? Up or down? Where do you go up to?
893:  Um I went up to Dallas which is north.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Or down to Mexico
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 Which is south. #
Interviewer:  And Say there was some trouble at a party. You'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of them. They arrested the
893:  Several or they arrested the whole gang or #1 the #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. # And if young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you'd call that a
893:  dancing.
Interviewer:  Dancing. You remember um different kinds of dances people used to do?
893:  Oh yes. The waltz the tango the uh uh rock and roll the jitterbug
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
893:  #2 the # Charleston.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And uh uh {NW} uh rumbas and um cumbias and #1 well there's a lot #
Interviewer:  #2 what's cum- # #1 cumbia #
893:  #2 cumbia # #1 Cumbia. #
Interviewer:  #2 What's that #
893:  That's a kind of a some kind of a um Mexican uh dance that uh that it's it's danced to Mexican music.
Interviewer:  How do you what's that
893:  C-U-M-B-I-A.
Interviewer:  Cumbia?
893:  cumbia. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Do people often do that dance anymore?
893:  Yes sometimes. They do uh-huh.
Interviewer:  around here?
893:  Yes Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  {D: phrase} Is there other um festivals here like or for Mexican holidays celebrated here?
893:  Across the river they do.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  #1 not here #
Interviewer:  #2 everyone here just goes #
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  #1 across the river there. #
893:  #2 uh-huh. # Yes.
Interviewer:  I wish I could see one huh?
893:  You'd have to be around here in around the the they just had one a few days ago on the fifth of May.
Interviewer:  What what was the #1 the event #
893:  #2 that's # like no let's see in the like our fourth of July #1 like the sixteenth of September #
Interviewer:  #2 the revolution? #
893:  Yeah some kind of revolution. #1 something #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  I I don't know much about #1 Mexican history. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  {NW} Well I know it's a holiday and they #1 make a big #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  big thing of it and sixteenth of September that's like our fourth of July. #1 there's their #
Interviewer:  #2 huh. #
893:  independence
Interviewer:  uh-huh.
893:  day.
Interviewer:  Do people here study Mexican history in school?
893:  #1 uh I don't think so. #
Interviewer:  #2 It seems like they ought to. #
893:  I don't think so. uh-uh. No.
Interviewer:  They should.
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Say if um children get out of school at four o clock you'd say at four o clock school does what?
893:  Is out?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
893:  uh
Interviewer:  Do you ever say turns out or lets out?
893:  No. Is out.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And after vacation children would ask when does school
893:  End.
Interviewer:  Or after #1 vacation. #
893:  #2 oh after vacation. # When does school start.
Interviewer:  And if a child left home to go to school and didn't show up in school that day you'd say she
893:  was absent.
Interviewer:  or
893:  or played hooky.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And after high school you go on to
893:  college.
Interviewer:  And years ago children sat on benches at school. But now they sit at
893:  Desks.
Interviewer:  And each child has his own
893:  desk.
Interviewer:  And a six year old goes into the
893:  a six year old #1 goes into first grade. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the
893:  library.
Interviewer:  And to mail a package?
893:  post office.
Interviewer:  And you stay overnight in a strange town at a
893:  motel or hotel.
Interviewer:  And you see a play or a movie at a
893:  theater.
Interviewer:  And if you have to have an operation you'd go into the
893:  have to have an #1 operation #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  you have to go to the hospital.
Interviewer:  And the woman that would look after you.
893:  A nurse.
Interviewer:  And you'd catch a train at the
893:  depot or station.
Interviewer:  Or you could call that the rail
893:  railroad station.
Interviewer:  And before they had buses in town they used to have things that would run run on tracks and have a wire?
893:  uh streetcar.
Interviewer:  They have those around here?
893:  We used to. Yes when I was a little girl I was #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  eight or ten years old I used to like to ride the #1 streetcar all the time. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Um #1 say #
893:  #2 they still have them in Chicago or had #
Interviewer:  #1 oh they do? #
893:  #2 but # uh yeah I think they still do uh-huh.
Interviewer:  I've never been #1 well I was #
893:  #2 uh #
Interviewer:  in Chicago when I was two or three.
893:  uh I used to call them trolley cars.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  And that little girl uh used to ask me cause she they called it street cars. And she used to ask me why do you call them trolley cars? She said because that's a proper name for them trolley cars.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What's what do you what do they call them in Chicago?
893:  Street cars.
Interviewer:  Street cars.
893:  Uh-huh. Or the the L's that are the elevator trains.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Or the uh subs.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Uh you tell the bus driver this next corner is is where
893:  where I get off.
Interviewer:  And say if um {NS} If you have a say a piece of furniture and it's it's not sitting directly in the corner. You know. #1 Don't have enough #
893:  #2 it's # {D: word?} cater corner?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  How else do you use that word catty-corner?
893:  Well I I guess that's about the the only expression that I know #1 cater corner. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Well say if two street cross like {NS} like that you know.
893:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 And you were at this corner # wanted to get over to this corner. instead of walking like this you walk like this.
893:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You say you're walking catty-corner then?
893:  Yes I think so.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  That's what I would use or what is the proper word?
Interviewer:  No I I was just wondering how
893:  #1 how I would use #
Interviewer:  #2 how you use catty-corner. #
893:  #1 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. #
893:  Well I guess yeah. I would.
Interviewer:  And you say um here in Webb county the radio is the is the what? of Webb county?
893:  The seat.
Interviewer:  huh?
893:  The seat?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if you were a postmaster you'd be working for the federal
893:  Government.
Interviewer:  And the police in town are supposed to maintain
893:  order law and order.
Interviewer:  And the fight between the doors in the south was called a
893:  The what?
Interviewer:  The north and the south.
893:  The what between?
Interviewer:  The fight.
893:  The fight between north and and the south?
Interviewer:  Where they freed the slaves. That was the
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the ci-
893:  civil war.
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh. #
893:  #2 uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #1 Any other names for that? #
893:  #2 {NW} # I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And before they had the electric chair murderers were
893:  hanged.
Interviewer:  And say that man went out and what himself?
893:  Hung himself.
Interviewer:  And you say um that would be a hard mountain to
893:  climb.
Interviewer:  But last year my neighbor
893:  climbed it.
Interviewer:  But I have never
893:  climbed.
Interviewer:  And you say he was feeling so good that instead of walking he what?
893:  He ran.
Interviewer:  And you say um he has what a mile? He has
893:  He has run a mile.
Interviewer:  And children like to
893:  Run.
Interviewer:  And you'd say I have just what him a letter?
893:  I have just written.
Interviewer:  Huh?
893:  I have just written him a letter.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. You say yesterday he
893:  he wrote a letter.
Interviewer:  And tomorrow I will
893:  he will write.
Interviewer:  And you say I wanted {X} time I was getting a
893:  an answer.
Interviewer:  And you put the letter in the envelope and you take out your pen and you
893:  address it.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say you backed the letter?
893:  No. #1 No I haven't. #
Interviewer:  #2 And # You say well I was going to write him but I didn't know his
893:  address.
Interviewer:  And what are some um the biggest cities in the United States is in
893:  The biggest city?
Interviewer:  is in where?
893:  {NW} I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  Well what are some of the big states up north?
893:  Big states New York?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And Baltimore is in
893:  Maryland.
Interviewer:  And um Tulsa is in
893:  Oklahoma.
Interviewer:  And Boston.
893:  Massachusetts.
Interviewer:  And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the
893:  {NW} from the the new England states?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What are some of the states in the South?
893:  I wouldn't know I I I was never too good in geography.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Well where's Richmond?
893:  Richmond Virginia?
Interviewer:  Huh?
893:  Richmond Virginia?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And Raleigh.
893:  North Carolina.
Interviewer:  And Columbia.
893:  Columbia South Carolina?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. For for a ___ you know these.
893:  I I don't know really.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 I I was #
Interviewer:  #1 okay #
893:  #2 never good at geography. # #1 I #
Interviewer:  #2 um # What what about the um the state where I'm from? You remember what
893:  Yes. uh Georgia? #1 Augusta Georgia. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh. # And the state that you get a lot of oranges from. Miami is the
893:  Miami Florida.
Interviewer:  And the state right next to to Georgia. Where George Wallace is governor. You have Birmingham
893:  Alabama.
Interviewer:  And um {X} uh Jackson is in
893:  uh Jackson Mississippi?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. The state just under Mississippi.
893:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Which would you # #1 uh Shreveport? #
893:  #2 uh # Shreveport Louisiana.
Interviewer:  And um the bluegrass state.
893:  bluegrass?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  Well they have a derby there they have one in Portland
893:  oh Kentucky.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What's the biggest city in Kentucky?
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of Lou?
893:  Louisville.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And the state just under Kentucky. Where they have country music.
893:  Um No I don't know.
Interviewer:  What is the city where they have the grand {X}? for country music? Do you know the Nash?
893:  Nashville, Tennessee.
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And Little rock is the capital of
893:  Arkansas.
Interviewer:  And this state is
893:  Texas. {NS}
Interviewer:  And um the biggest city in Maryland.
893:  Maryland? uh Boston. Baltimore?
Interviewer:  uh-huh. And the capital of the United States
893:  Washington DC.
Interviewer:  And the biggest city in Missouri.
893:  {NW} I wouldn't know.
Interviewer:  It's Saint
893:  Saint Louis.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And the old seaport in South Carolina. Is Charle-
893:  Charleston.
Interviewer:  And what are some of the cities in Alabama?
893:  Alabama?
Interviewer:  Big spill cities. Bir-
893:  Birmingham.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about the capital?
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  It's Mont
893:  Montgomery.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And the one down on the gulf? Starts with an M. Did you ever hear of Mob
893:  Mobile?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
893:  Oh. {NW}
Interviewer:  And I guess you've never been
893:  #1 No uh-uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 in Alabama #
893:  No. Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  um the city up in the mountains of North Carolina. #1 What about #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  some of the cities in Tennessee?
893:  Nashville Tennessee.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
893:  uh uh I don't know. I I I just never uh never learned any geography and never have traveled much.
Interviewer:  {NW}
893:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What about the um where Lookout Mountain is? That's Chatta- {NS} Chatta-
893:  Chattanooga?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And where Martin Luther King was shot? That's Memph-
893:  Memphis?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And east Tennessee? Have Kno- {NW} Do you hear of Knoxville?
893:  Knoxville. Yeah. Knoxville that's right.
Interviewer:  Huh.
893:  I have to be prodded.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
893:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  um what about some of the cities in Georgia?
893:  Augusta Georgia. And uh