911:  In other words you gonna ask me a question and I'll just answer it?
Interviewer:  Yeah
911:  Okay
Interviewer:  Um, your name
911:  {B}
Interviewer:  And your address?
911:  {B} Los Fresnos Texas
Interviewer:  And the name of this county?
911:  Cameron.
Interviewer:  And where were you born?
911:  Brownsville.
Interviewer:  How far away's Brownsville from here? 10 mi-
911:  {NW} Ten, twelve miles Something like that.
Interviewer:  And your age?
911:  Forty three.
Interviewer:  And occupation?
911:  Well pretty much self-employed.
Interviewer:  What sort of things do you do?
911:  Land development.
Interviewer:  That's what the-
911:  Yeah. {NS} mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What do you mean by land development exactly?
911:  Well we gotta bunch of land here In and around Los Fresnos and that's what were trying to- subdivide it and sell it in lots.
Interviewer:  Di- #1 did you have anything to do with the community here? #
911:  #2 No. # Not- not this street here, most of our stuff's down inside of town.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Do you have your own company or-
911:  Yeah, mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And your religion?
911:  Episcopal, Episcopalian.
Interviewer:  Have you ever done any other work besides land development?
911:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  What sort of thing?
911:  Well I worked in a bank for twelve years. {NW}
Interviewer:  In Brownsville?
911:  mm-hmm {NS}
Interviewer:  Doing what?
911:  Just about everything when I quit I was a loan officer. {NS} I was a stock broker for seven years and I worked for the country club for a year, {NS} in their land development division.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. That's the same country club that had the golf tournament?
911:  mm-hmm Now those are- That's what I've done since I've been old enough to have good sense but- Before that you know kid-
Interviewer:  mm
911:  working, as a teenage- I worked cotton gin filling stations and stuff like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Tell me about your education. Starting with the first school you went to if you remember the name of it and-
911:  Mean as uh a kid?
Interviewer:  Mm-mm
911:  Well I started and finished at Saint Joseph's academy in Brownsville. started there in kindergarten and graduated from there. {NS}
Interviewer:  Then what?
911:  Then I went to Texas southmost college
Interviewer:  At {X}
911:  Mm-hmm, For a year almo- yeah I guess about a year, two semesters
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  Then I went to the University of Texas for two years.
Interviewer:  At Austin?
911:  mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You were there two years?
911:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What were you studying?
911:  Well I started out studying pharmacy, ended up studying business, never finished either one of them. {NS} Not cause I didn't- cause you know- I just quit cuz I was tired of it.
Interviewer:  Thats the- um Only time you've lived outside of Brownsville?
911:  Yeah And here of course you wanna consider this living outside of Brownsville, I've been here for a year. And I'll just here long enough to get this foolishness done and then I'll go back. {NW}
Interviewer:  You don't like it out here?
911:  Yeah I like it I have nothing to here though. And anything you wanna do you've got to just get in the car and drive twelve miles and I hate that road. #1 Oh lord we do it sometimes six times a day. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
911:  And it's too much for me cause all our friends you know and all of our activities and everything else is in Browsville.
Interviewer:  This is a new house though it seems like you-
911:  Belongs to the company. {X} Uh the plan was that way that we'd come out here and and do this until we either got it all done or decided not to do it.
Interviewer:  #1 mm-hmm #
911:  #2 So I'm just here, # Kinda temporary.
Interviewer:  What are you gonna do in Brownsville? The same development there in Brownsville?
911:  No, you mean if I lay this?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  I don't know {NW} I'll worry about that when it comes.
Interviewer:  What sort of things are- are you active in? Besides you your land development?
911:  I play golf.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm At the country club {D: I guess}?
911:  Anywhere that got a golf course. Yeah, usually at the country club though.
Interviewer:  What else?
911:  Play bridge.
Interviewer:  Is there a bridge club that your-
911:  No, play bridge for money {NW} we just play bridge {NS} That's about it, go {D:fishing}, you know, just other than that, don't do much.
Interviewer:  Are there any, uh, clubs or organizations that you belong to?
911:  Not anymore I went all through that stuff.
Interviewer:  What did you used to be in?
911:  Well I was in the junior chamber of commerce got up to be president of that in Brownsville. I don't know, I guess I guess I was in that for about five years and then I was president and stayed in one more year after that and quit. And I was in the chamber of commerce and Red Cross and community what do you call it united fund and {NW} I don't know, all that foolishness that everybody does once upon a time. {NW}
Interviewer:  Why don't you like those things anymore? {X}
911:  Well I liked them at the time but I think everybody after a while, you get tired there's some people that just thrive on that uh I just put in my time in 'em I- It's not that I don't have time anymore, got more time now than I ever had but I just- Anytime I do anything usually away from the house anymore I just go play golf. Maybe it's old age I don't know.
Interviewer:  What about church? Are you active in church?
911:  No, not very I'm sorry to say.
Interviewer:  Have you done much traveling?
911:  No very little, I'm not much of a traveler either. Oh I've done some but not, excessive.
Interviewer:  Where have you been?
911:  You mean away from Brownsville at one time or another going as far back? Well I've been in Saint Louis, been in Indiana, and I've been in well last summer went out to California, by way of Las Vegas. Uh That's about the main. I've been around the state of Texas you know several times.
Interviewer:  Just for vacation or-
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Tell me something about your parents and where they were born and-
911:  My mother and father were both born in Brownsville.
Interviewer:  What about their education? {NS}
911:  Um Well my daddy was alright. He got through college he got uh he was a pharmacist.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And my mother went uh up to Southern College in uh Virginia. {NS} I think, I don't know, it was a two year college and it was way back a long time ago I don't know whether she went any place else other than that or not.
Interviewer:  Did she ever work? Outside your home?
911:  My mother never worked a day in her life, {NS} outside the house.
Interviewer:  What was her maiden name?
911:  {B}
Interviewer:  What about your grandparents on your mother's side? Where were they born?
911:  Hmm If in my mother could hear me here not being able to answer that she'd kill me. I don't know I- I think No they weren't born in Brownsville I don't believe. My grandfather was born in somewhere up in Texas somewhere. I can ask her if you want me to tell you.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you think they were born in Brownsville? Or- #
911:  #2 I don't think so. # She can tell me in a minute course if I start asking her stuff like that, take me an hour to get. {NS} You want- you wanna know?
Interviewer:  Well you don't have to ask her right now but I'd be curious.
911:  They lived there long, long time I know they were living in Brownsville in the eighteen eighties.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Or nineties they may have been born- I don't think my grandfather was there's a possibility my grandmother was but I'd have to check on that.
Interviewer:  What about their education?
911:  Well my grandfather was a lawyer
Interviewer:  What about your grandmother?
911:  Um I don't think she had any college education
Interviewer:  Did she ever work?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  {NS} You think she had about a high school education or so?
911:  Yeah probably I'd have to ask my mother those things I've heard 'em you know more than once but I don't- Something I don't pay that much attention to but.
Interviewer:  What about your grandparents on your father's side?
911:  Well They weren't- don't think they were born in Brownsville. There again I'm not sure. My grand- there- #1 Same about the same there if either one of 'em was born in Brownsville, it've been my grandmother. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm #
911:  And I'm not sure if she was I'd have to check on that too.
Interviewer:  #1 mm-hmm #
911:  #2 I think # I think my grandmother's parents came down here with uh when this uh Zachary whatchamacallit Taylor came down to Fort Brown, I think.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  And uh Seems to me my grandfather That my great grandfather came from Spain and brought my grandfather with him but I'd have to check on that too. I'd rather ask you know than tell you the wrong thing. My mother can tell me in a minute. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you know about their education?
911:  No I sure don't I'm I'm reasonably positive that neither one of them had a college education
Interviewer:  Do you think they had high school?
911:  Yeah I think so, but there again I don't know I better say don't know then tell you yeah or no
Interviewer:  Well you think they could read and write
911:  Oh yeah.
Interviewer:  They were- educated some. Yeah my grandfather ran a bout six thousand acre farm. He's heck pretty quick with those figures Did your grandmother ever work outside the home?
911:  No. Had seventeen kids.
Interviewer:  Seventeen?
911:  Mm-hmm {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 That's incred- #
911:  #2 She worked around the house. #
Interviewer:  What was- Do you um Your grandmother on your mother's side do you know her maiden name?
911:  {B}
Interviewer:  What about on your father's side
911:  {B}
Interviewer:  How do you spell that?
911:  {B}
Interviewer:  That's Polish?
911:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What about um the your ancestry farther back you say your- your grandfather um Ferdandez was from Spain?
911:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Or his his people were What about on your mother's side? {X}
911:  Well that goes back a long ways my mother's got a book on it what do you call it the genealogical.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  And they- during the war they didn't have much to do you know all the kids were off in you know World War two and they wrote lots of letters and traced it and they traced members of the {B} from the {B} and what not back through, oh they, one of 'em was at the Alamo. Uh they went back through {NW} Tennessee Kentucky on back up to the- I think there was some question there, don't know that ever got the answer to it I think they did, one of them cats was on the Mayflower but I'd have to check on that.
Interviewer:  Do you know which side of the family that was that-
911:  No. Either on- Either on it or right after it they've just been over here since Back in the seventeen hundreds. Back up, {NW} round the Carolinas and places like that and then just slowly started coming down you know like Ken- Kentucky and Tennessee and on up in the, somewhere up around in Montgomery county Texas or somewhere then came down here.
Interviewer:  You know when they came down here? Do you know?
911:  {NW} Well that goes back to the question of whether or not my grandfather was born here or not. Uh {NW} I know that they were around here in the in the eighteen nineties.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  If my grandmother was born here she's born in the eighteen eighties uh I think. But you better not put this down. But I think my grandfather came here when he was a little boy.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  And that've been in the eighties.
Interviewer:  Your grandfather on your mother's side?
911:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Where do you think he came from? Just some-
911:  Montgomery county Texas wherever it is I think you better just let me write down the things that we're trying to pin down and I'll get my mother to tell me, she can tell me all this stuff here in about five minutes.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about your wife how old is she?
911:  Well now you got to tell me what you want, my first wife or my second wife? {NW}
Interviewer:  When- Did you divorce?
911:  Yeah
Interviewer:  When did you marry your first wife?
911:  {NW} Nineteen {NW} fifty-three {D: I think} fifty-three.
Interviewer:  And when did you divorce?
911:  Nineteen seventy-two.
Interviewer:  How old was she then?
911:  When we got divorced?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
911:  Bout thirty- thirty-nine I think. Thirty-eight or thirty-nine. What are you gonna- you- this information not going any place but you and me is it?
Interviewer:  No
911:  Oh okay
Interviewer:  Was she from Brownsville? Or-
911:  No she was from Atlanta Georgia.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
911:  Or Savannah Georgia. {NS} Think it's Savannah.
Interviewer:  Do you know about her education?
911:  High school, one year of college.
Interviewer:  Did she work?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What was her maiden name?
911:  {B}
Interviewer:  Do you know anything about where her parents were born?
911:  Out there in Georgia I think.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
911:  Yeah I'm pretty sure they were born in Georgia.
Interviewer:  What about your wife now? How old is she?
911:  Twenty-eight, I think. Yeah, twenty-eight.
Interviewer:  Was- What about the religion of of your first wife? Was she-
911:  Well I don't know what she was, she became Episcopalian after we got married.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What about your wife now?
911:  She's a Baptist.
Interviewer:  {NS} How long have y'all been married?
911:  Almost a year. {NS} Be a year June ninth.
Interviewer:  What about her education?
911:  High school.
Interviewer:  And where's she from?
911:  Indiana.
Interviewer:  Do you know if her parents are from Indiana?
911:  Yeah. {NS} I think. I mean I don't know if they were born there or not but that's where they've lived for a long time. {NS}
Interviewer:  Has she ever worked?
911:  Oh yeah. She's a worker.
Interviewer:  Does she work now?
911:  Mm. Works for me. She does secretarial work in here. Doesn't get paid. {NW} This thing on right now or not?
Interviewer:  Yes.
911:  Oh it is. Okay I better watch what I say.
Interviewer:  Uh tell me something about what Brownsville's like and how it's changed since well from thirty year ago or so.
911:  Oh it's changed something terrible. Um trying to find a comparison for you when I'm you talk thirty years ago, I'd have been thirteen. It wasn't quite as small as Los Fresnos then, it's quite a bit bigger but it just, is a sleepy little town you could ride a bicycle right up the middle of Main Street at high noon and not worry about getting hit by anything and now you've seen it, what it is now it just busting at the seams. I liked it best the way it was before, but you can't fight progress.
Interviewer:  What's the population now?
911:  I think the last census put it at somewhere around well I don't know, the last census was nineteen seventy. I think it says somewhere around seventy thousand, doesn't it? Sixty thousand, seventy thousand but they s- they're estimating it somewhere over eighty now estimate.
Interviewer:  Um what about the the language thing did- Which language did you grow up speaking?
911:  Well mainly just almost entirely Span- uh English.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
911:  Now I learned Spanish from the maid. Now the only thing I learned in Spanish, before I learned it in English, I could tell time in Spanish.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  Because the maid taught me how to tell time now I could if you ask me what time it was and I'd tell you in Spanish but everything else uh we spoke around the house was a hundred percent English except if like we were talking to the maid or somebody that didn't speak English cause we spoke all English.
Interviewer:  Now how- Do you feel equally comfortable in both languages or
911:  Well I never have been very good at Spanish. I mean other than pure border Spanish. Now my grandfather spoke true Spanish Spanish. And to hear him talk and to hear somebody from the border talk,
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  was just entirely different. The expressions they used and the way they even pronounced some words and things was just really different.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  And what I learned was border Spanish. And my father spoke kind of a combination of the two can't say he spoke correct Spanish as we know, you know, like in Spain,
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  it was mostly just border S- Spanish. I don't know whether to call it Mexican or border Spanish but there's a lot of differences. I don't remember the terms and the expressions but I could I remember thinking boy my grandfather talks funny cause he talked a lot of Spanish. Uh he he spoke better Spanish than English now that's not to say that he's- talk talks with an English- talked English with an accent or anything like that but sometimes he could explain himself it's, you know, it seems to me in Spanish better but they spoke uh around their house they spoke I'd say eighty percent English at least. Maybe more. They didn't speak much Spanish at all. When they were talking with the kids and stuff like that they talked in English.
Interviewer:  What about your- #1 Uh this is your grandfather- #
911:  #2 That's on my- #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
911:  #2 Yeah, right #
Interviewer:  What about his wife? She- was like him with the first language really Spanish or-
911:  I don't really remember, spoke good Spanish but I think she was uh there again I think it was mostly English. They could speak all the Spanish they needed to and speak it good.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  Um But it just seems to me they always just spoke English.
Interviewer:  What about your mother? Which language-
911:  Well she thinks she speaks it pretty good but she doesn't. {NW} Spanish, just pure English.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
911:  She can talk to the maid and stuff like that in in real border Spanish.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
911:  Uh, but they always just and my grandmother on my mother's side spoke you know real good Spanish.
Interviewer:  mm
911:  I don't mean correct but I mean they could really get themselves understood in Spanish but whether you could call it bilingual or not but they did speak good Spanish.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever speak Spanish? Or do you- #
911:  #2 Oh yeah # {NS} not not You know sit down with my friends we just talk English all the time I would kid around a lot in Spanish because there're a lot of uh, what should I say, funny expressions in Spanish that we've known all our lives, kidding around and some of 'em a little bit on the risque side and we throw those around, particularly if we go on a trip some place and there're all English speaking people around there and we wanna get one off with you in Spanish somewhere but uh {NS} we speak you know I- to say that I'll sit down with anybody and carry on a conversation in Spanish no I don't do that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Do you just speak Spanish to Do you have a maid?
911:  No I got a yard man and uh he speaks broken English so I'll communicate with him in Spanish you know just easier.
Interviewer:  What's the ratios of of Anglos to Mexican Americans and Latin um
911:  #1 In Brownsville? #
Interviewer:  #2 In Brownsville. #
911:  {NS} I don't know I I wouldn't even wanna guess at that. I'd say it used to be pretty high. {NW} Um, uh you know percentage of uh I don't know what you wanna call 'em Latin Americans or Mexicans I don't- whatever but uh I think it- it's switching a little bit more towards uh Anglos, there's a lot more people coming in. This growth that we're having is predominantly Anglos coming in from other parts of the country but I don't know whether it'd be four to one I- I guess four to one might be pretty accurate or close three or four to one.
Interviewer:  What'd it used to be, thirty years ago?
911:  Well I imagine it probably was about the same really when the population was that much what six times less than it is now or approximately, it's probably pretty close to the same it might've been a little bit more. Uh but I'd just have to guess at it uh.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  That's one thing I've never much paid attention to with uh growing up, I just never paid attention to whether you know a guy was Smith or Gonzalez or- I just never looked at it much, paid paid any much attention to it.
Interviewer:  Did- were there many Anglo families who, with children, spoke predominately English when you were growing up? Or did most of your friends speak pretty fluent Spanish?
911:  Uh {NS} No I think it uh {NS} trying to think of a few see if I can come up with. I think that the the majority of the friends that I had you know when I was growing up {NS} that were Anglos {NS} they just stumbled around with Spanish pretty good. They'd try to learn it in school but they can't teach you how to speak in school, I'll argue that with anybody they teach you the verbs and stuff like that but, you send that man out on the street to carry on a conversation, he's gonna get lost.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  Uh I'd say if they spoke any at all it's just kind of busted up and choppy and they could make themselves understood but they couldn't carry on a conversation. {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 Um {NS} did you move around much when you were {NS}little, with your family? #
911:  #2 You mean from house to house? #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
911:  No I guess let's see I was born- we were living in one house and I was born, and moved out of there when I was about ten to another house and my mother's still living in that one.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  So since I- from the time I was born 'til the time I got married and left {X} I lived in two houses.
Interviewer:  Could you make a sketch of the floor plan of that second house or-
911:  Of the second house?
Interviewer:  Yeah, if if you remember it- {NS} #1 better- #
911:  #2 you mean # where we're living now, my mother {NS} lives now?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and the names of the rooms and- {NS}
911:  Oops. Not not to scale uh?
Interviewer:  No {NW} just a rough sketch {NS}
911:  This will show you that I am not an artist. {NS} Let's see, that's the porch {NW}, that's the living room hmm {NS} bedroom and the bathroom. You gonna be able to tell the difference between bedroom and bathroom?
Interviewer:  Isn't the bathroom smaller?
911:  Mm okay. Mm well this whole thing back here is a hallway and a bathroom and a bedroom. {NS} That's a dining room this is kinda like that with the kitchen and this was a well you- I can't put B-R for breakfast room so let me write it. This is kind of a you know breakfast room where we ate unless we had #1 {NS} company or something go into the #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm #
911:  #1 dinning room. Most of the time we ate back there, that's pretty close. #
Interviewer:  #2 What was this here? #
911:  That's the front porch right there.
Interviewer:  What about the house that-
911:  There's the porch right here.
Interviewer:  that you lived in once you got married? You haven't lived in this one very long.
911:  {NW} Lord I lived in one, two, three, lived in three houses with {NS} my first wife.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  and uh then we moved in here after #1 when I was- #
Interviewer:  #2 Can you sort of make a sketch of this house? #
911:  Of this one? {NS} I got a copy of it there I'll give you.
911:  Is that right? {NS} You can turn it around {D: and see} {NS} that's the bedroom, bathroom, {NS} be the entrance, now this {NS} is a hallway {NS} that's a bedroom, {NS} and this is a bath {NS} and this is a bedroom and this is really a bedroom but this is an office and uh where am I now? That's the door better draw the hallway kitchen's here well boy kitchen's here and this is bigger dining room's here and that's the garage that's more or less the living room but that's a poor drawing.
Interviewer:  {NS} Did you ever hear of an old-fashioned name for porch? {NS} Or names for special kinds of porches {NS}?
911:  For a porch? {NS} Think you've made me draw a blank I can't even think how to say porch in Spanish. {NS} No.
Interviewer:  What about a porch on the second floor?
911:  Huh {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it called a gallery or veranda?
911:  Oh veranda yeah, but veranda the little I heard it used around kind of veranda was uh was kind of a downstairs be kind of like that only a bigger deal than that kind of enclosed, brick clo- enclosed, off the back of the house. Let's go out on the veranda kinda you know full of trees and bushes and stuff like the more the way I heard it used more.
Interviewer:  What would you call this out here?
911:  Courtyard. That's what we al- that's when the guy showed us the house, he said this is the courtyard {NW} so that's what I've called it ever since. I guess that's, probably what most people would call that nowadays.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about some a little room off the kitchen where you can store canned goods and extra dishes and things?
911:  Hmm well in the kitchen what we had was a room called a pantry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  That was just kind of a great big walk-in closet, put all the food in it and stuff like that. #1 That what you talking about? #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm #
911:  Yeah I would call it just a pantry. Now you talking about English or Spanish?
Interviewer:  English.
911:  Oh okay.
Interviewer:  And if you have a two-story house, to get from the first floor to the second floor, you have?
911:  Stairs.
Interviewer:  What about from the porch to the ground?
911:  Outside?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
911:  Steps.
Interviewer:  And you said you had a lot of old, worthless things like broken chairs and things like that.
911:  Junk
Interviewer:  Okay. Where would you store things like that, if you didn't wanna throw them away?
911:  Put it in the attic, if I had one. That's what my mother's got. #1 Goes in the attic. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm #
911:  Most houses down here nowadays don't have an attic, throw 'em in the garage {NW} 'til it fills up.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a junk room or lumber room?
911:  Oh yeah, junk room, we got one here on that sketch there. Well we did have we used to use that other bedroom over here and we'd call it a junk room.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Odd pieces of furniture and stuff like that that we didn't have any place else to put, put in the junk room and now we had to use it for a bedroom so we haven't got a junk room anymore.
Interviewer:  Uh, the covering on the house is called a?
911:  You mean roof?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about the things along the edge of the roof to carry the water off?
911:  Gutters?
Interviewer:  #1 How are they- #
911:  #2 Or drain pipe, #
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh #
911:  #2 you could do both. #
Interviewer:  What's- What's the difference?
911:  I don't know I guess uh {NS} I think going back, I think I first used to hear about it and talk about it, would call it a drain pipe {NS} I think little by little it became talked with same as gutters but I don't know where we picked it up from. Even when I was a kid and even further along I remember always calling it a drain pipe.
Interviewer:  Is it built on or does it hang from the roof {NS} or is it built?
911:  You mean attached to?
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. How- #
911:  #2 {D:Oh now} your talking bout that thing around there? # That's dr- to me that- my wife calls that a gutter, more often than not. And I'll call it a drain pipe more often than a dra- than- maybe it's a different part of the country I don't know, but you would just come at me real quick and say what's that thing water's coming through, I would say the drain pipe.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {NS} What about when you have a house in an L, the place where they come together, that low place would be a?
911:  Where they come together?
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh #
911:  #2 In a house like this? # #1 I don't know what low place you're talking about #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: Well} d- do you ever hear of a valley or ally of a roof? #
911:  Talking bout the gable?
Interviewer:  No the- #1 the place where the roofs join. #
911:  #2 Like that lil- like up in there? # No. {NS} You gotta stand up and look and see if that's what your talking about right up there.
Interviewer:  #1 Nope. #
911:  #2 Where they come in together? #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
911:  #2 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  Okay so,
911:  {NS} {D: want to turn that off and I pick-} Yeah it- {X} Huntsville Texas. Where'd my grandmother come from? She's born in Brownsville. born Yeah okay that's all just born in Brownsville. Uh where'd by grandfather {B} come from? He was born in Brownsville. And my grand- And my bo- all four like yeah okay. Yeah, well no don't go back to that. My grandfather {B} born in Brownsville and my grandmother was born in Brownsville and she was a {B} come with Zachary Taylor. Who? Well she was born there in Brownsville, that's all I need to know. Okay now my grandfather was a- one grandfather was an attorney. What'd my grandmother have? A high school education? Your mother. Well that's all, just has a high school education. Don't tell me all that. You gonna mess me up, she taught school with a high school education. Alight now my grandfather, {B}, he didn't have any college? Oh alright, he went to college in Spain. Well some kind of education in Spain. {NW} Well my grandfather {B} didn't have any college. My grandmother {B} Yeah Okay, that's all I need to know. Well I get 'em all confused. I had it down here pretty close you can see. Okay. Well I got my father's stuff all here and yours but she was wondering about the grandparents and I wasn't too sure. No, we don't need anymore than that. That's plenty. And somebody's trying to get of hold of me? Well, okay. Yeah. Yeah well pure stupid. Okay let me hang up here and take care of this young lady here. Alright bye. {NS} Oh I'll be right back. {NS} Huntsville.
Interviewer:  You- your grandfather.
911:  That'd be my mothers, yeah my grandfather, {B} was born in Huntsville.
Interviewer:  #1 Huntsville Texas? #
911:  #2 Yeah. # My grandmother was a {B} was born in Brownsville. Both of my grandparents on my father's side were born in Brownsville. And my grandfather on my father's side after he got far along here on his education they sent him back to Spain to finish it. Now she didn't know what type of education that. Told you she could tell me, but she was gonna elaborate on every point. I had to say no, just
Interviewer:  {NW}{NS}
911:  Oh and my grandmother on my mother's side taught school {NS}. With a high school e-, yeah with a high school education. Can't do that anymore.
911:  Let's see now you asked me something about where roofs come together. You talking bout a peak? Or did we get past that?
Interviewer:  Well, I was wondering if you'd heard of a valley or alley of a roof but-
911:  An alley?
Interviewer:  I don't think they build that-
911:  No.
Interviewer:  that kind of house around here. Did you ever live in a house um that had a fire place in it?
911:  This one has, it's the only one I've ever lived in that had a fire- well no wait a minute. Well the house my mother lives in now had a fire place but we never used it and we tiled it in and fixed it up, just put a you know regular heater in it, didn't fool with the fireplace. This one's got a fire place but I'm too lazy to fool with the wood, so we don't use this one either.
Interviewer:  You know on the fire place, the thing that the smoke goes up through:Chimney.
911:  Chimney
Interviewer:  Okay What about the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace?
911:  Hearth- hearth? Hearth, how you pronounce it?
Interviewer:  #1 Which sounds more natural to you? #
911:  #2 I don't know, I never use it. # hmm {NW} Hearth I guess {D: although I} you hit me with a good one there, I've never thought about that.
Interviewer:  What about-
911:  I usually probably would say right in front of the fire place
Interviewer:  #1 What about- #
911:  #2 that's {NW} #
Interviewer:  What about the things that you you lay the wood across on the? They're metal-
911:  Yeah I know what you're talking about but I uh
911:  What the andirons is that what they call 'em? Okay.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Okay.
Interviewer:  And the thing up about the fireplace, the?
911:  Mantle piece?
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you were gonna start a fire, what kind of wood would you use?
911:  Around here?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Mesquite.
Interviewer:  What else?
911:  What other kind of wood?
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear a name for the kind of wood you can use?
911:  Firewood?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm but for starting it?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever hear of kindling- #
911:  #2 Oh okay kindling, yeah #
Interviewer:  What is kindling?
911:  Well it's a little bitty piece, what you mean, what kind of wood is it? Or what is it? mm
Interviewer:  Yeah what is it does it have to be one certain kind of wood or is it-
911:  I don't know. That's why I've never fooled with a fireplace.
Interviewer:  {NS} Did you think of it as small pieces?
911:  Small chips of wood that'll catch fire easier than the big ones.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about taking a big piece of wood and setting that toward the back of the fireplace and maybe it would burn all night. You'd call that the?
911:  What would I call a big piece of wood?
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
911:  #2 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the expression of backlog or back stick?
911:  Not used like that, no.
Interviewer:  But have you ever heard
911:  Well I heard uh, I've heard the word backlog used in like in orders, in business. I've got a backlog of orders.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
911:  #2 But I never heard it used in terms like we talking bout there in the fireplace. #
Interviewer:  What about um the black stuff that forms in the chimney?
911:  Soot soot.
Interviewer:  Which-
911:  Soot, I guess, yeah.
Interviewer:  And what you shovel out of the fireplace?
911:  Ashes.
Interviewer:  And talk about things that you'd have in a room. The thing that I'm sitting in would be a?
911:  Chair.
Interviewer:  What about something that two or three people could sit on?
911:  A couch?
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. Any other names for that? #
911:  #2 Sofa, divan. # Ones I'd use most would be couch and sofa.
Interviewer:  Is there any difference?
911:  Not to me.
Interviewer:  #1 How about the word divan does that sound- #
911:  #2 I never # use it much. I don't know it just couch and sofa are easier to say.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  I guess I use couch more than anything.
Interviewer:  What um about something- a little room off the bedroom where you can hang your clothes?
911:  Closet.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about a uh-
911:  Or a dressing room but closet I guess.
Interviewer:  And a place something that has drawers in it for keeping your clothes in?
911:  Chest of drawers.
Interviewer:  Okay, anything else?
911:  Or a dresser.
Interviewer:  Is there a difference?
911:  Well you usually look at chest of drawers as maybe having six drawers in it and you know tall, no mirror. And a dresser to me has drawers in it and has a mirror on top.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about something that you can hang your clothes up in that- that also has drawers maybe?
911:  Oh yeah, I don't know what you'd call it. Uh. I know in the old days they had something, but I don't think this what you're talking about, they call it a high boy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  But I don't think that's what you're talking about is it?
Interviewer:  What'd the high boy look like?
911:  Well seems to me a high boy was just a big tall dresser, had a mirror on top of it and bunch of drawers.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  And a bi- little bitty mirror up at the top.
Interviewer:  What about the thing that- that had rod though for hanging clothes up in?
911:  A closet?
Interviewer:  #1 Well- a piece of furniture. Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 Or or a piece of furniture? A wardrobe? #
Interviewer:  Any other name for wardrobe?
911:  Nah I can't think of it. Now you pop me with it and I might remember it but I always say- My grandparents had three four of them, they're great big things
Interviewer:  What-
911:  They didn't have closets, they had these big pieces of furniture, must of been oh I guess you couldn't get 'em in these new houses. They must have been ten feet tall-eight or ten feet tall. They were wide they had doors and mirrors on the inside of the doors and we called them wardrobes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 Do you ever hear of chiffonier or chiff- #
911:  #2 Yeah. Yeah, okay, I told you if you'd say it, I'd remember it. # But uh, chiffonier I don't think, no, I don't know that we called those great big ones that {X} call those wardrobes. But I heard, you know, my grandparents and all that- haven't heard that in a long time, chiffonier, but the minute you said it I remembered it but I don't remember what piece of furniture exactly they used in connection with.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard the term armor or armoire?
911:  Yeah but let me think about it, let me think- think a minute what the armoire. Okay I got one in the other room. That's- or are you talking about something that's similar to wardrobe. This thing that I call an armoire
911:  but {NS} Grandfather {B} graduated from Saint Joseph's academy in Brownsville and then went to Fordham University and then went to Spain and polished off his education and then {C: tape distortion} came back. So I guess he spoke pretty good English, I just didn't remember. And my grandmother {B} graduated from the convent here in Brownsville. It's not there anymore.
Interviewer:  Sounds like your mother really keeps up with-
911:  Oh she's got it all. Tell you what, you want something on the old families round here, she's the one that can give it to you if you wanted that. Okay, you asked me about armoire.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
911:  Now it's got two doors that open up. It's about four or five- bout five feet across and the top has two doors you open up, it's got some drawers in there and two big open spaces at the top. {NS} And it's got one big drawer at the bottom that you don't have to open the doors to get to. Now that, I call an armoire.
Interviewer:  #1 Can you hang things up there? #
911:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} {NS} And something on um, on rollers, that you can hang in a window and pull down to keep out the light
911:  A shade.
Interviewer:  Okay. And a woman would say, if her house was in a big mess, you'd say she had to
911:  Clean house.
Interviewer:  Okay, and the things that she could sweep with?
911:  A broom.
Interviewer:  And if the broom was in the corner and the door was open so the door was sort of hiding the broom, you'd say the broom was?
911:  Behind the door.
Interviewer:  And years ago, on Monday, when we would get the dirty clothes together and-
911:  Wash day.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  #1 Wash day. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay, you say to do the- #
911:  Laundry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm did people used to the use the word 'laundry' as much as they do now.
911:  No I think you used to the use the word 'wash' more than laundry. I do the wash. {NS} Wash the clothes.
Interviewer:  Then after they washed them, they do the?
911:  Ironing.
Interviewer:  {NS} There's a big black thing that people used to have a long time ago out in the yard to heat up water to boil the clothes in.
911:  Well you going back before my time I hope I don't look that old. I guess maybe the call it a wash tub.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh You never saw one of those?
Interviewer:  {X}
911:  that golf tournament they had some films of us winning it yesterday
Interviewer:  How long was that th- the two-day?
911:  Three.
Interviewer:  #1 Three days- #
911:  #2 Four, four. #
Interviewer:  Four days?
911:  Mm One day of practice round, and three days of play.
Interviewer:  {NS} The one that was {NS} {D: the spectacle brought over}
911:  Oh we played, we played one round in Brownsville. {C: tape distortion} They got three courses and we played on a different course everyday. {NW}
Interviewer:  Congratulations.
911:  Thank you
Interviewer:  If you have um you know some houses have boards {NS} on the outside that lap over each other.
911:  Siding.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you wanted to heat up tea you heat up water to make hot tea and you heat it up in a?
Interviewer:  The thing that has the spout to it.
911:  Yeah I just- the word, that what I'm gonna say I wanna say is a steam kettle. Thats- oh that's going back a ways. {NS} I guess they still call it that I don't know. I don't, we don't use it but I guess if I had to use it, I'd call it a {NW} steam kettle I guess.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear that um that washtub called a kettle?
911:  Yeah, a big black tub was referred to as a kettle.
Interviewer:  You never really saw anyone?
911:  No you I think you're going you're a little bit further, little behind, going back a little far.
Interviewer:  What if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd ask someone to?
911:  Close the door.
Interviewer:  Or another word you could use?
911:  Shut the door.
Interviewer:  And were to hang up a picture, you'd take a nail and a?
911:  Hammer.
Interviewer:  Say I took the hammer and I what the nail in?
911:  Well there's a bunch of them {NW}
Interviewer:  Well you say, I got in my car and I what to town?
911:  Drove to town.
Interviewer:  Okay.
911:  That's what I was looking for, drove the nail or nailed it. What'd you do? I nailed a nail in the wall, nail it.
Interviewer:  {D: would-} you'd say um I've never what a car?
911:  Wrecked.
Interviewer:  Or I've never?
911:  Driven.
Interviewer:  Okay. You say he doesn't know how to?
911:  Drive.
Interviewer:  {NW} And a little building that could be used for storing wood you call that a?
911:  Woodshed.
Interviewer:  #1 What about a place for tools? #
911:  #2 Toolshed. #
Interviewer:  And, before they had, indoor toilets the buildings they had out in the yard, they call the?
911:  Well we call 'em lots of things but I guess mostly call it uh I guess most common I heard, and this you going way back too for me, but I guess you call it outdoor toilet or an outhouse.
Interviewer:  Any other terms, joking terms, or sort of crude terms people use?
911:  {NW} out- outhouse, outdoor toilet. What do they call it a uh a um what'd they call it, Ms. Jones?
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
911:  #2 That one of 'em? # I guess that's
Interviewer:  How does that sound to you? does that- sound kind of funny or did it-
911:  Yeah I don't know where they'd ever get that from I don't remember ever using it now you I've never used one but uh, I guess most common name I heard put to it was outhouse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm have you ever been around a farm much? Did- #1 Did your parents ever raise #
911:  #2 No. Well yeah we had about # five thousand acres. {NW} We didn't farm it, we had it far- you know leased out, {NW} but we o- had to oversee it.
Interviewer:  mm
911:  But there weren't buildings on it or anything like that we didn't live out there we just go out my granddaddy used to go out and check on it and then after awhile, {NW} my father did it.
Interviewer:  Have you ever been interested in ranching yourself?
911:  No not as such, I thought at one time I thought that I wouldn't mind trying to farm a piece of land but uh I never did get interested enough in it to do it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm There's on a farm that the big building where you could store hay in?
911:  A barn.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about the upper part of the barn where you can keep the hay?
911:  The loft?
Interviewer:  Okay. And, this is going back before your time, but um a long time ago before they um bailed the hay when they they cut the hay and they let it {D:lie out} in the field and dry
911:  mm
Interviewer:  and they'd rake it up into small piles. Did you ever hear a name for those small piles they'd rake up?
911:  Well the only word I can think of and I don't know if this what they call it or not, it'd be bundles.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  Don't know that they ever used it uh I know what you're talking about but I don't know, if that's not the right word I guess that what's I call it, unless there's a name for it and I don't know it.
Interviewer:  What about a- a way of keeping hay outside if you didn't had- if you had too much to put in the barn you can leave it outside and
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Did you ever see something that would be- they'd put pole on the ground and then have it up like that? {NS} Did you ever hear of a stack or rick or mow of hay?
911:  Mm-mm
Interviewer:  And if you cut the hay off a piece of land and enough grows back the same year, so you can cut it again. You'd call that a?
911:  {NW} Uh {NW} {NS} yup You- I know what you're talking about but I can't think of the word. Well uh- we do it with grain sometime we call it that going back and doing the second cutting.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  The second, the second mowing or second cutting.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What kind of grain is is grown around here?
911:  Uh, mostly sorghum.
Interviewer:  Um What use?
911:  For feed. Cattle feed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And a building where you can store corn would be called a
911:  Well there aren't any of them around here but I think you're talking about a silo aren't you?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Do you ever hear of a crib or a corn barn or a corn house?
911:  Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  What about a place for grain?
911:  Well I guess maybe I was wrong. Maybe a silo would be a place for grain no?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Do you ever use the term grainery or granary?
911:  Mm well I've heard but I've never used it, I never uh
Interviewer:  What did you hear it called?
911:  Well I've heard the word you used there, grainery or whatever.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  But I don't even know what I have no idea what it would be. Whether that's where you take it or that's where you store it or what. I don't know, I never fooled with it that much.
Interviewer:  You wouldn't know what it looks like or anything?
911:  No {NS}
Interviewer:  And uh what different animals would there be on a farm?
911:  Down here?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
911:  Mostly cows pigs chickens, and goats.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Where would the cows be kept?
911:  Usually in the barn if you're lucky. A lot of cows down here just left loose with a little covered shelter there's just not a whole lot of- mostly down here there's not that you know big of heard of cows as to have barns keep uh a few cows {NW} {D: usually got} just whole bunch of them and just turn them loose. There aren't in this {NS} that I know of down here, there just aren't these great big barns and you have you know ten, twelve, fifteen cows in there. I don't know of any.
Interviewer:  {NS} Where-why not? {D: um} {X} Where?
911:  Well I think, like I say, usually the ones that come to my mind that got anywhere from a hundred cows on up
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  and uh, just not any barns that size.
Interviewer:  What about a the covered shelters that you mentioned, any special name for that?
911:  Well let's see. {NW} Oh feeding pen, something like that, it's just a long trough with food and water in it, stuff like that, it's got a little cover over it. Really won't give 'em any shelter if it's raining or something like that usually just to cover up food and water.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Where are pigs kept?
911:  In uh, let me see, pigsty? Or pen. Yeah I guess down here I'd usually call it a pig pen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {NS} what about chickens?
911:  In a hen house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 Any other place? #
911:  #2 Or coop, # chicken coop.
Interviewer:  What does that look like?
911:  Well I I guess just mostly ones I remember had uh {NS} mostly wire on all some of 'em had wood on one side if it's built up against something and then wire on three sides. And saw of them that had a roof and just wire all the way around, no floor.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Where- What were they used for? To keep just all the chickens in there or-
911:  Yeah, they're laying hens.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about a hen on a nest of eggs? She'd be called a?
911:  She'd be called a hen. Laying hen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear of setting hen or brooder hen?
911:  I've heard of brooder hen but I don't know what it means. {NW}
Interviewer:  What about um when you're eating chickens, a bone like this?
911:  The breast.
Interviewer:  Well the-
911:  Oh that bone? #1 Wish #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh #
911:  bone.
Interviewer:  #1 Any stories about that? Or- #
911:  #2 Well you # somebody grab a hold of each end of it and whoever gets the {NS} the long piece when it snap will tell the wish come true.
Interviewer:  Does that work?
911:  Well I guess I've done it a few times, but I don't ever remember it happening.
Interviewer:  {NW} If you wanted to make a hen start laying, what could you put in the nest to fool her?
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well say if you had a good set of dishes, your dishes would be made out of?
911:  China.
Interviewer:  What about an egg made out of that?
911:  Well I guess, I guess you're you're saying that she could take a china egg and put it in the nest, fool the hen. Maybe so, I I don't know about it.
Interviewer:  You never heard of that?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And the animals that people ride, they call those?
911:  Horses.
Interviewer:  Where do they keep them?
911:  {X} Well, I- here again I'd go back to just about the same thing as well in a barn. But here we go back to the same thing mostly as the cows, they mostly run loose
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.{D: just in}
911:  pastures.
Interviewer:  What about a- a fenced-in place around the barn where animals can walk around?
911:  Corral?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear another name for that? Like barnyard or cow lot?
911:  Barn yard, yeah. Uh, barn yard.
Interviewer:  What's the difference?
911:  Well I always look at a corral as a fenced-in place, not really too big.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  Barn yard, to- to me always meant uh well it could be a fairly good sized area all around say the house and the barn with chickens running around, and smaller animals. And corral to me was always a fenced place.
Interviewer:  Was it around the barn? the corral?
911:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  What about a fenced-in place out in the pasture where you could leave the cows overnight for milking?
911:  Now you got me there, I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a milk gap or a cow pen?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And if you have a- a lot of uh a place that has a lot of milk cows and they sell the milk and butter, they call that a?
911:  Dairy.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of the word dairy used to mean anything else besides a commercial farm like that?
911:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people talk about how they used to keep milk and butter before they had refrigeration?
911:  Yeah milk and butter what I can't remember, I kno- uh I've heard it, in the old days how they kept the stuff from spoiling, but I don't remember.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of people storing potatoes or turnips during the winter.
911:  You mean in- here we're in the old days huh?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Uh yeah I guess. I don't know what you're looking for here.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a potato bank or a potato {D: pup}
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted to break up the um ground for planting, you'd break it up with a?
911:  Plow.
Interviewer:  Were they different kinds of plows?
911:  Well uh I don't remember the kind that's usually pulled with a horse. As far back as I can remember, they've always been mechanical. I guess a different type- you talking about different type attachments to it
Interviewer:  #1 mm-hmm #
911:  #2 disks # and things like that
Interviewer:  What about something that has a lot of teeth in it and break up the- the clogs of dirt.
911:  Yeah, but I don't remember. #1 If you tell me, I'll remember but I can't call the word. #
Interviewer:  #2 Did you ever hear of a harrow or harrow? #
911:  Probably, but it doesn't #1 but uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Which- # #1 Which have you heard it called? #
911:  #2 I guess a harrow. Harrow rang a bell. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you- not sure what it looks like though? {NS}
911:  {NS} Well it's probably a thing with teeth that you use to break up the ground. But I'm not sure, no.
Interviewer:  #1 {NS}When you're plowing, the trenches that are cut by the plow you call- #
911:  #2 {D: You talk-} # Rows? #1 Or a- #
Interviewer:  #2 What? # Huh?
911:  A row?
Interviewer:  Or another name?
911:  Um
Interviewer:  What about the fur-
911:  Furrow.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {NW} When you're {NS} plowing with two horses, uh did you ever hear the name of the one that walks in the furrow?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And {NS} Say if um if you were raising cotton, you'd say you raised a big?
911:  {NS} Crop?
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} And {NS}cotton would grow out in a?
911:  Field.
Interviewer:  What if you were {NS} growing something though {NS} #1 well just a little something like {NS}sweet potatoes, {NS} you wouldn't call it a field they were growing in #
911:  #2 Garden. #
Interviewer:  Okay. Do you ever hear of a patch or a lot?
911:  I've heard of patch, yeah.
Interviewer:  What'd you think of a patch as?
911:  Well it's just small. {NS} Kind of a small area, potato {NS} patch or {NS} vegetable patch {NS} something like that I usually ordinarily I'd think of that somebody might have a big house or a big yard and it'd grow at the backyard, just #1 be a small like a #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm #
911:  #1 {NS} ha- garden {NS} around the house. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  When you're raising cotton um you know you have to go out and take a ho and sort of thin the cotton out what do you say you're doing?
911:  Well there's {NS} #1 a couple {NS} of words there, weeding {NS}is one. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm #
911:  {NS} Uh {NS} {NS} I guess I've always called it or thought of it as just weeding through weeding out the cotton.
Interviewer:  Do {NS} you ever hear the expression chop cotton or scrape cotton?
911:  I heard chop cotton.
Interviewer:  What is that?
911:  I don't know. I've heard it used they talk about go out there and chop the cotton. I don't know if that's the same thing as taking the leaves off of it or not I would call it defoliating
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm How's it done?
911:  Now they do it plain {NS} Just like dusting it for insects, it dusts the stuff over and it burns off the leaves.
Interviewer:  Does your uh- do your father's family had land?
911:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 Do they still? # Have the land?
911:  Got very little. Most of the land that we had are where those country club's are being built now. Golf courses.
Interviewer:  So no one does anymore ranching or-
911:  No. We've got about eight or nine hundred acres twenty miles up the river road and a guy farms it and just we get a I think it's a fourth of whatever he gets off the crops.
Interviewer:  What does he raise? Uh grain and cotton. Mm-hmm
911:  I don't know whether he does- he used to do some vegetables- I don't know whether or not he does anymore. If he did, it'd be tomatoes
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what kinds of grass grow up in the cotton field? that you don't water?
911:  Johnson grass?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Anything else?
911:  Just call 'em weeds, I don't know if there's another particular name for it or not.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And what kinds of fences uh do people used to have or would they have now?
911:  Barbed wire.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  Barbed wire, or barb wire.
Interviewer:  {NW} which do you call it?
911:  Oh I kind of slur it around. I guess barbed wire mostly.
Interviewer:  When you're setting up a barbed wire fence, you have to dig holes for the?
911:  Posts.
Interviewer:  Okay. You'd- take the wire and nail it to a?
911:  To the post?
Interviewer:  Okay. Just one of those, you'd call it one?
911:  One post?
Interviewer:  And what about uh a fence that a wooden fence you could see around someone's yard that maybe came up pointed sort of?
911:  Picket fence.
Interviewer:  Okay. Are they woven together or nailed?
911:  Mm I think mo- {NW} the old days you'd see more put together with wire.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
911:  #2 They were wired together, # strand of wire at the top and one down close to the bottom.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh see now you see a lot of 'em different style, not the same as picket fences I used to see as a kid, now they're they're higher and the pickets are wider and they usually nailed on to uh two-by-fours.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 But I don't see any that are red picket fences anymore like I did years back. #
Interviewer:  Did you ever see a a fence that would go-made of boards- that'd go in and out like this?
911:  Kinda woven together?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Out of cedar
Interviewer:  What was that called?
911:  I don't know, I'd just call it- I don't know what I'd call it. Uh I think somebody called it once, kind of like a basket weave or something like that {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of a rail {NS} fence or a chain fence or- or a stake and rider fence? Does that-
911:  #1 Chain, out of that wood? #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
911:  No, to me a chain fence is that you know that metal stuff, some people call 'em hurricane fences
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about a fence or wall made out of loose stone or rock?
911:  Brick wall? No, not a brick wall. You talking about stone?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  You never saw one like that?
911:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And something you'd use to carry water in?
911:  Bucket.
Interviewer:  Okay, what's that made out of?
911:  Tin.
Interviewer:  What about something similar to that made out of wood? You'd call it a?
911:  Well I guess, I'd probably still call it a bucket. I guess {NS} {D: used to} call it a pail uh? Maybe they still do. I'd just probably call it a bucket.
Interviewer:  What's the difference to you between a bucket and a pail?
911:  Uh I guess if sat down and defined it, and wanted to use as what you'd call proper, you'd call the wooden one the bucket and the metal one the pail uh.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I'd probably call them both buckets. {NW}
Interviewer:  What about the thing that people carry food to the pigs in?
911:  {NW} I don't know, I've never done it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of a slop bucket or swill pail or?
911:  Swill pail probably. #1 But I never been around pigs {NW} {NS} that much {NS}. #
Interviewer:  #2 And something you'd fry eggs, you'd call? #
911:  Frying pan.
Interviewer:  Any other name for that?
911:  Skillet.
Interviewer:  What's the difference?
911:  Well to me it's pretty much the same thing. Here again I go back to uh My wife would call it a skillet more often than anything else, I call it a frying pan.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  To me it's the same thing.
Interviewer:  The thing you put flowers in, if you cut some flowers.
911:  A vase.
Interviewer:  What about if they were growing in the house?
911:  A pot.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you were setting the table the eating utensils, you'd give everyone?
911:  Which- Which utensils?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Knife and a fork and a spoon
Interviewer:  And if you served steak and it wasn't very tender, steak?
911:  Steak knife.
Interviewer:  Or several steak?
911:  Steak knives.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if the dishes were dirty, you'd say you have to go?
911:  Wash the dishes.
Interviewer:  And you say, after she washes the dishes, then she?
911:  Drys 'em. With clear water-
Interviewer:  {NW} How in just one year, she started
911:  No about two I guess. Two, year and a half, bout two years I guess she's figured she better just join because she couldn't beat me but she used to say I used to say go get the dog and she said what dog {NW} She said I'll go get the dog Now it's a dog {NW}
Interviewer:  You don't think she's influenced you?
911:  No, don't think so Unless you hear something coming out that doesn't sound Texas.
Interviewer:  {NW} #1 Um you say #
911:  #2 Yeah I've # just always talked just slow and {NS} and drawlish. {D:She used to laugh} {D: Now I met} when I met her brother, he talks the same way and they just had a big laugh over the way I talk. They thought it was something else. I was laughing at them I didn't understand half of what they said.
Interviewer:  {NW} Where Where's she from again?
911:  Indiana.
Interviewer:  Where in Indiana? You-
911:  Up around Fort Wayne. Little place called Bluffton.
Interviewer:  Have you ever been up there?
911:  No. Not yet but I suppose I'll have to one of these days. Her parents have been down here. They came down here last October and stayed about a month with us. They got a kick out of the they way I talk too I thought I don't think I could sound terrible coming out of here cause I've done some of this stuff before and then when they play it back, I think, Lord, that can't be me, but it is.
Interviewer:  {NS} Um you said af- after she washes the dishes, then she?
911:  Dries 'em.
Interviewer:  Or in clear water?
911:  Rinses 'em.
Interviewer:  Hmm?
911:  Rinses 'em.
Interviewer:  And the cloth or rag you use when you're washing dishes?
911:  Dishcloth.
Interviewer:  What about when you're drying them?
911:  Well here you get into dishcloth or dishrag. I guess uh you use the word dishrag in in referring to the cloth that you dry 'em with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh I don't know what you'd what you'd pin down to the one you'd dry 'em with I guess dishcloth.
Interviewer:  Is Cloth?
911:  I don't know ever using the word What's the first one you asked me about there dish-
Interviewer:  Well when you first of all when you're washing and then when you're drying them
911:  When you're drying 'em you dry 'em with a dishcloth.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what about when you're washing 'em?
911:  Well I guess I don't remember using anything to- like that to to wash 'em with Uh I guess it's be dishrag that little Dobie you use in there to scrape 'em off with.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about the thing you use to bathe your face with?
911:  Washrag.
Interviewer:  And to dry yourself with?
911:  Towel.
Interviewer:  And If you wanted to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth to keep it from spilling out you'd pour it through a?
911:  Funnel. {NS}
Interviewer:  And um something that if you were uh wanted your horse to go faster, you could hit him with a
911:  With a whip?
Interviewer:  And if an electric lamp wasn't burning, you have to screw in a new?
911:  Bulb.
Interviewer:  What kind of bulb?
911:  Light bulb.
Interviewer:  And to carry the clothes out to hang 'em on the line, you carry them out in a clothes
911:  Basket.
Interviewer:  And a long time ago people would take corn to the mill to be ground, did you ever hear an expression related to the amount of corn that they'd take at one time?
911:  No. I don't think so
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a turn of corn?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What about if someone got as much as wood as he could carry? They say he had a? In his arms you'd say
911:  Armload.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And on a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood you'd say he just had a?
911:  Half a load?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the expression jag of wood?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And say the man had a load of wood in his wagon as he was driving along, you'd say that he was
911:  Excuse me, run that back.
Interviewer:  If someone had a load of wood in his wagon and he's driving along, you'd say he's
911:  Driving his wagon?
Interviewer:  Okay Or he's what what he's
911:  Hauling wood.
Interviewer:  And If there was log across the road, you'd say I tied a chain around it and we what it out of the way?
911:  We uh dragged it out of the way.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay you'd say we have what many logs out of the road?
911:  We dragged a lot of logs out of the road.
Interviewer:  Okay and you have to tie a chain around it in order to?
911:  Drag it.
Interviewer:  {NS} And {NS} you open a bottle and wanted to close it back up you'd stick in a?
911:  Cork.
Interviewer:  What if it's uh made out of glass you'd call it a?
911:  Stopper.
Interviewer:  And something that a musical instrument you'd blow on like this.
911:  Harmonica {NS}
Interviewer:  Any other names for that?
911:  Yeah, harmonica or a mouth organ.
Interviewer:  What about the one like this?
911:  Jew's harp.
Interviewer:  And something that um you could use for chopping a log X-shaped frame you could set the log in
911:  With a X shape?
Interviewer:  Yeah
911:  I don't know
Interviewer:  what about the thing carpenters use? with the A- A-frame?
911:  Oh the uh saw horse?
Interviewer:  Okay, any other name for that?
911:  No I've always called it a saw horse
Interviewer:  What about the Spanish name for that?
911:  I don't have any idea.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of burro? {C: Spanish} bur
911:  Oh yeah okay, burro {C: Spanish}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  Um I guess I have heard it called that I just I didn't think of it when you mentioned it but
Interviewer:  Would you call it that yourself?
911:  I guess if I was communicating with a carpenter in Spanish and stopped to think about it I'd come up with that {NS} Uh I'd just call it a saw horse eh you know
Interviewer:  And something you put in a pistol would be a?
911:  Bullet.
Interviewer:  Or another name for that?
911:  Another name for bullet? Slug.
Interviewer:  What about the after you've you shot out the metal thing that's left?
911:  Cartridge.
Interviewer:  Okay and you'd straighten your hair using a comb and a?
911:  Brush and if you were gonna use that you'd say you were going to? Comb your hair.
Interviewer:  Or
911:  Comb my hair
Interviewer:  Or what your hair?
911:  Brush my hair.
Interviewer:  And you sharpen a straight razor using a leather
911:  Yeah it's a strap stripe {NS} I don't know {X} you going back on me again now a leather stripe? Stripe I guess.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. what about the thing you'd sharpen a small knife on?
911:  {D: Hone?} Uh um {NS} What'd you call it? Stone.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what kind of stone
911:  Uh yeah I knew {NS} you were gonna ask me that um whetstone.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What about the thing that turns around that you'd sharpen an ax or something big on?
911:  Same thing, isn't it? I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a grind?
911:  Grindstone?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Is that same thing to you? I guess I'd probably call a whetstone {D: was it} {D: if I'm} thinking about it Grindstone, I don't think I've ever heard it called that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And something that children play on that take a board and it goes up and down
911:  See-saw.
Interviewer:  Any other names for that?
911:  Teeter totter.
Interviewer:  Which have you heard the word teeter totter around here much?
911:  No not very much. See-saw.
Interviewer:  Where'd you hear teeter-totter?
911:  {NW} I don't have any idea, it just came out {NS} you said any other names. Must of heard it somewhere but to me, it's just plain old see-saw.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh if you saw some children playing on that you'd say they were?
911:  See-sawing
Interviewer:  And Something that you take a board and fix in the and it spins around and around
911:  I know what we talking about, don't know what to call it You not talking about a merry-go-round.
Interviewer:  Well, it's like a merry-go-round, only it's homemade.
911:  Yeah I know uh but I don't know what you'd call it
Interviewer:  Did you ever heard of a flying Ginny or a ridey-horse or whirly-gig?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And you take a long uh rope and tie it to a tree limb and put a seat on it and a make a?
911:  Swing.
Interviewer:  And something that um you'd take a board and fix it down at both ends children would jump up and down in the middle
911:  Oh a board?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {X}
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever heard of a joggling board or bouncing board?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And a thing you could use to carry coal in?
911:  No, I don't have any idea. Coal?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  What about the thing that runs through the stove to the chimney?
911:  From the stove to the chimney
Interviewer:  Like, you've seen those old-fashioned stoves
911:  You talking about stove pipe?
Interviewer:  Okay what does the stovepipe fit into?
911:  At the top or the bottom?
Interviewer:  At the top.
911:  I don't know what you'd call that.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of the expression {D: flu}
911:  Yeah I've heard it I didn't know I ne- probably sat here all night and not thought of it of thought of it in connection with that stove pipe
Interviewer:  What do you mean?
911:  I don't know. When you mentioned it, I knew right away what- if you had used the word to me I'd known what your talking about but I just a word that I never use and it's you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm But you'd call that the?
911:  What you talking about there? That flu deal? {NW} Yeah I guess so. But I never would get it out on my own.
Interviewer:  {NW} And if you wanted to move bricks or something heavy like that, something that has a little wheel in front?
911:  Wheelbarrow.
Interviewer:  Okay. any other names for that?
911:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear Georgia buggy?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And the thing people drive nowadays? You'd call a?
911:  Car.
Interviewer:  Any other names?
911:  Automobile.
Interviewer:  And if something was squeaking to lubricate it, you'd say you had to?
911:  Oil it.
Interviewer:  Or?
911:  Grease it.
Interviewer:  Okay, you say yesterday he what the car? He
911:  Greased the car.
Interviewer:  And if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all?
911:  Greasy.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Greasy.
Interviewer:  And inside the tire of the car you have the inner?
911:  Inner tube.
Interviewer:  And If your door was squeaky, you could put a few drops of
911:  Oil
Interviewer:  And wha- what'd people used to burn in lamps?
911:  Kerosene. Or oil.
Interviewer:  Huh
911:  Oil?
Interviewer:  That's the same thing?
911:  I don't think so. I'm more familiar with kerosene lamp you know you use it, still use it now taking lamps. {NW} Um the oil lamps to me are different, they were glass {NW} they're more glass {D: had the deed} on the top of 'em looks different. Kerosene lamp to me has got uh metal frame to it and why there's just something different {NS} between an oil lamp and a kerosene lamp.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see people make a lamp, using a rag, and a bottle, and some kerosene?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a flambeau?
911:  Uh-uh I thought you were describing a molotov cocktail. {NW}
Interviewer:  If someone had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water they'd you'd say they were going to?
911:  Launch it.
Interviewer:  Okay. what different kinds of boats would people have around here?
911:  Oh mostly uh Uh tha- that I am not a boater but uh mostly little motor boats and little fishing boats with outdoor motor on 'em
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm any special names? For the fishing boats?
911:  You mean the small ones?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  Nah there's, Call 'em boat boat and motor usually.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it called a rowboat or Jo- Oh rowboat, yeah
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What does a rowboat look like?
911:  Well it's just is a lot smaller boat usually I guess, about ten to twelve feet long, with an oar on each side.
Interviewer:  Is it pointed or flat?
911:  Yeah pointed at the front and squared off at the back.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about a pirogue or bathtub?
911:  No I think that's up in Louisiana isn't it?
Interviewer:  Have you
911:  Never seen one, no I don't think Unless that's that flat bottom deal that slopped at the front and kind of you know, not pointed
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
911:  That woul- that would be my impression of it
Interviewer:  Of the?
911:  Pirogue.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh #
911:  #2 Whatever you call it. #
Interviewer:  And if a child was just learning to dress himself, the mother would bring him the clothes and say
911:  Put on your clothes.
Interviewer:  Or here?
911:  Here are your clothes.
Interviewer:  And if you're taking a child to the dentist uh the dentist might say if the child was scared the dentist would say, you don't need to be scared, I what gonna hurt you
911:  I'm not gonna hurt you.
Interviewer:  Do you ever use the word ain't?
911:  Do I use it?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Kidding around. I That's one thing they drummed into my head when I was growing up, that that was a very, very incorrect word. Now I'll uh like I say just kidding around as in fool you know as in horseplay I'll say well I, I ain't gonna do that. And I know I'm using that in a kidding way I just have always, it's one word that I've always felt was, you know drummed into my head, that's not correct.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You wouldn't ever just say
911:  I wouldn't ever use it in any You know, normal conversation, serious conversation, I wouldn't use it, no.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And if I ask you uh was that you I saw in town yesterday? You might say, no it?
911:  No it wasn't.
Interviewer:  It wasn't
911:  No it wasn't me.
Interviewer:  And If a woman wanted to a dress of a certain color, she's take along a little square of cloth to use as a?
911:  Sample.
Interviewer:  And she sees a dress that she likes a lot, she says the dress was very?
911:  Pretty.
Interviewer:  Or if it's even better than that she say it was just
911:  Beautiful
Interviewer:  And what might she wear over her dress in the kitchen?
911:  An apron.
Interviewer:  And to sign {NS} your name in ink, you'd use a?
911:  Pen. {NS}
Interviewer:  And to hold a baby's diaper in place?
911:  Pin.
Interviewer:  Do you pronounce those words the same?
911:  I don't know did I? Pen, pin.
Interviewer:  What about soup that you buy, comes in a can made of?
911:  Tin
Interviewer:  And a dime is worth?
911:  Ten cents.
Interviewer:  And what would a man wear to church on Sunday? {NS}
911:  Suit {NS}
Interviewer:  And if he just bought it be a brand?
911:  Brand new suit.
Interviewer:  Do you remember the three-piece suit?
911:  With a vest?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Well you kind of got some of those things going again haven't it? Pants, coat, and s- vest.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Any other name for pants?
911:  Trousers, I never use it.
Interviewer:  What about the word britches?
911:  I use it kidding around, but I don't use it very often. I never use it when I'm just- there again you know, really seriously communicating, it's pants. Britches I might say, scared the britches off of me but that's strictly then just you know, what do you call it? Uh uh expression or just uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  use it that way.
Interviewer:  What about something that uh farmers used to wear that
911:  Overalls?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and if you went out side without your coat and you wanted it you'd say go inside and what me my coat?
911:  Get me my coat.
Interviewer:  And what it to me?
911:  Bring it to me.
Interviewer:  So you say, so then he
911:  Got his coat
Interviewer:  And
911:  Put it on.
Interviewer:  No and what it to me?
911:  Oh he got my coat and brought it to me.
Interviewer:  And he'd say, here I have what you your coat?
911:  Brought you your coat. You thought I was gonna say brung didn't you? {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you hear people say {NS} that around here?
911:  No not really I don't brung
Interviewer:  Just kidding around?
911:  Kidding around there again but I don't know that I even use that, I've heard it, but I don't know that I've ever heard anybody using it serious like
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and you said that coat won't fit this year, but last year it?
911:  Fit.
Interviewer:  And if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets, it makes them
911:  Bulge.
Interviewer:  And you say the shirt used to fit me 'til I washed it and it
911:  Shrunk.
Interviewer:  And every shirt I've watched recently has
911:  Shrank.
Interviewer:  And I hope this shirt doesn't
911:  Shrink.
Interviewer:  And if a woman likes to put on good clothes, you'd say she like to?
911:  Dress up.
Interviewer:  Would you say that about a man?
911:  Yeah, I think so.
Interviewer:  What about if a woman likes to stand in front of a mirror and
911:  Primp
Interviewer:  Okay Anything else you'd say?
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Would you say that about a man? That a man likes to primp?
911:  Eh I guess so what's he doing? He's up standing in front of that mirror primping, I guess so.
Interviewer:  Does it sound different when you say it about a man to-
911:  No, not really
Interviewer:  What would you call a man who primps a lot?
911:  {NW} You better not put that on tape {NW} um I don't know, a man that primps a lot, I never fooled around with that kind.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the expression jelly bean?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  Or
911:  In terms of talking about a man?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Jelly bean. I don't know somebody told me that guy's a jelly bean, I figure he's a sissy
Interviewer:  {NS}
911:  That's the only- I never- I don't think I've ever heard it used before
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And something you can carry coins in would be called a?
911:  Coins
Interviewer:  Uh-huh or carry change in?
911:  Purse.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  A purse.
Interviewer:  And stuff that a woman wears around her neck? lot of
911:  Necklace.
Interviewer:  Or things strung up together?
911:  Beads.
Interviewer:  Okay, you'd call that a? What of beads?
911:  String of beads.
Interviewer:  And something that she'd wear around her wrist?
911:  Bracelet.
Interviewer:  And something men used to wear to hold up their pants?
911:  Suspenders.
Interviewer:  Any other name? Do you ever hear galluses?
911:  No
Interviewer:  And what would you hold over you when it rains?
911:  Umbrella.
Interviewer:  And the last thing you put on a bed, the fancy cover?
911:  Bed spread.
Interviewer:  What about something that women used to make?
911:  Quilt?
Interviewer:  Okay. And at the head of the bed, you put your head on a?
911:  Pillow
Interviewer:  Do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow?
911:  Twice as long as a pillow, one of them round things?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  I don't know what to call it though
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of bolster?
911:  No I don't think so. I know what you're talking about when you said that long thing it is I just didn't think of remember seeing one around my grandma's house, but don't remember- I don't know whether I've heard that word or not {NS}
Interviewer:  What about if you had a lot of company and you didn't have enough beds for everyone, for the children to sleep on, down on the floor you could make a?
911:  Pallet.
Interviewer:  And something that um nowadays if you bought some groceries the grocers would put them in a?
911:  Sack.
Interviewer:  Made out of?
911:  Paper.
Interviewer:  What about something that flour used to come in?
911:  Sack.
Interviewer:  Made out of?
911:  Cloth.
Interviewer:  What if you bought um feed that would come in a?
911:  Feed?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh that rough, brown material?
911:  Burlap or gunny.
Interviewer:  Okay you'd call it a gunny?
911:  Gunny sack.
Interviewer:  Any other names for that?
911:  Tow sack gunny sack burlap bag.
Interviewer:  Which, would
911:  I'd probably call it a gunny sac.
Interviewer:  What about tow sac?
911:  {NS} tow sac? well that's usually, you get the feed in the burlap bag and you use it to haul something else around and they call it a tow sac {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  Something that um people make out of sugarcane
911:  That they make out of sugarcane?
Interviewer:  Yeah, besides sugar sticky liquid
911:  Syrup.
Interviewer:  Any other name for syrup?
911:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  What about out of the sorghum? {NS}
911:  Mm I guess syrup would be {NS}
Interviewer:  What about mol- mola-
911:  Molasses?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What's the difference?
911:  I don't like molasses. {NW} Uh molasses to me is well then again I just go back {NS} Molasses to me now we're talking about what they make or what they, what I think of them as? Syrup to me is a lighter color, tastes better, molasses is dark and
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I don't know if that's what you're looking for or not.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear them call long sweetening and short sweetening?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What about if you wanted to buy some molasses, what would it come in?
911:  Bottle. I guess.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear the term a stand of molasses?
911:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 Or a stand of lard? #
911:  Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  And something that uh flour used to come in if you buy it about a hundred pounds at a time.
911:  Barrel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And things that run around the barrel to hold the wood in place.
911:  Uh. Hoops.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about something smaller than a barrel that nails used to come in?
911:  Keg.
Interviewer:  And on a beer keg, the thing you turn to get the beer out.
911:  Spout.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What about out on your yard the thing you hook your hose up to?
911:  The faucet.
Interviewer:  And at the sink?
911:  Faucet.
Interviewer:  And if you have a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses... {NS}
911:  You tell me and I'll remember but I can't call it off hand.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of a pole or tongue or
911:  Tongue yeah, tongue okay. Wagon tongue, yeah.
Interviewer:  What about with a buggy, what do you have?
911:  You got two don't ya? I don't know what you'd call 'em.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear fills or shaves or drafts?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And the thing that connects one wheel to the other is called
911:  Axle.
Interviewer:  Okay. And starting with the inside of the wagon wheel, you have the hub and the spokes come out and they fit into the
911:  Well I always said the spokes fit into the hub.
Interviewer:  Well on the outside though, the What part of the wheel is connected to the ground?
911:  Oh the uh I don't know what, I don't know what you'd call it. You talking about the whole wheel, I just called it the wheel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear of the rim or tire or felly?
911:  Well I guess you call it a tire. I don't remember ever calling it a Like a wooden wheel I'd kinda just call it a wheel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What's the tire made out of on the wagon?
911:  Wood.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if you have a horse hitched to a wagon, the bar of wood that the {D: trace} is fastened onto?
911:  Well you lost me.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever hear #
911:  #2 I don't know # that much about a wagon.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a singletree or whiffletree?
911:  I've heard of the word singletree.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Did you know what it meant?
911:  Well talking about a wagon singletree I guess if what you're talking about that piece that comes out to hitch your mount to is that right?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Well that's where I've heard the word singletree, but I've never hitched up horses to a wagon.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of double singletree or doubletree or {X}
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And you'd say we expected a big crop from that field because the soil is very...
911:  Good.
Interviewer:  Or another word for that.
911:  Fertile.
Interviewer:  And what different kinds of land do you have around here?
911:  Different kinds of land?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  By classification, good and bad?
Interviewer:  What
911:  Uh Fertile and salty That's the way I look at it around here.
Interviewer:  Any special names for kinds of soils?
911:  Well you got uh You got river bottom
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And ebony It's called some ebony, a lot of ebony trees and it's it's pretty good salt, all that ebony, ebony dirt.
Interviewer:  What does it look like?
911:  Well it's real soft and fine. And grows stuff real good. It's supposed to be {NS} kind of got a brown color to it and a lot {D: land on there is gray}. You know a salt in it, little hard to grow anything but junk like grass and scrub brush.
Interviewer:  What about the river bottom?
911:  Well that's good too, that's probably the best there is for farming. Kind of a little sandy feeling to it, a fine {NS} Hello?
Auxiliary:  You want me to just keep your stuff on?
911:  I'll be there in a minute. {NS}
Interviewer:  You want me to stop now?
911:  No, how much more do you have to go?
Interviewer:  Well I can cut if off now if you want.
911:  Yeah well what time is it? It's okay if she's got supper, it's got to be pretty close.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
911:  Presidents had in my lifetime were Truman and Johnson.
Interviewer:  Most people around here liked Johnson. Pretty much I guess.
911:  Well you know, It's all, Everybody around here knows that he stole his first election.
Interviewer:  How did he do that?
911:  Jimmied up one of the ballot boxes. {NW} Came in about three hours later up there from around {NW} up somewhere, where was it? {NW} It's box thirteen in some county up west and north of here so for a long time they called him box thirteen Johnson. All the votes were in and he was about just a few behind and this one box didn't show up, didn't show up, and then about two or three hours later here comes that box and he wins by about eleven or fifteen votes or something like that. And everybody up there swears this stuff. {NS}
Interviewer:  This is for {NS}
911:  Congress, yeah. {NS}
Interviewer:  Texas politics
911:  Is dirty.
Interviewer:  It has a lot of machines, doesn't it?
911:  They've cleaned out a lot of them with its pretty machine you know.
Interviewer:  What's it like round here?
911:  Here in this town, it's small town nit-picking is what it is. Brownsville is cliquish. It's got little cliques. And it just depends, every so often, every few years one clicks in and the other one's out and the other one gets back in and the other one's out and they just swap people back and forth with the job and they, I guess it's just that way all over, I don't know the ins and the outs. {D: Brown} was pretty bad at one time they had some boys down there that were really knocking down money off contracts street contracts and such but uh
Interviewer:  Where was this Jim Wells from, was he from
911:  Jim Wells
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. I think in the the twenties or thirties or something like that, did you ever hear anything about them?
911:  Well there is a Jim Wells county.
Interviewer:  I think it's named after him.
911:  Yeah. But I don't know who he is.
Interviewer:  Um we were talking yesterday about land what
911:  Oh yeah okay.
Interviewer:  different types of land is out there?
911:  You're asking?
Interviewer:  Yes.
911:  Now where were we yesterday? You asked me about different kinds of land and I said uh river bottom, {D: soil and} ebony soil salty soil
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear one called loam or loom?
911:  Loam. Uh {NS} Yeah. Normally would have I ever heard it, any specific dirt or land around here here uh I've heard of it referred to as a sandy loam.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Used the word loam in connection with the texture of it. I don't know whether that's correct or not
Interviewer:  What kind of, do you mean sandy?
911:  Well
Interviewer:  Is
911:  Well I've heard it used that way. and talking well I think, the way they, I've heard it around here you could, they would use it as a uh with an adjective in front of it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  that could be good or bad. Most of 'em, probably forever used in connection with good because around here the stuff that's bad they just call it you know {NW} Prairie stuff, salty.
Interviewer:  What do you mean
911:  For well
Interviewer:  What do you mean by prairie?
911:  Mm the stuff you've driven through coming up here. Between here and Brownsville and it's got that little stubby stuff growing on it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  That's about all that'll grow. Can kinda Oh bushy looking little stuff gets up about a foot high or so.
Interviewer:  Call the place a prairie then or so? Or would you just use it talking about the soil?
911:  Well we refer to that soil down there we just call it just salty, alkaline, uh scrub brush called salt blights.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh There's a place out here, I don't know if it's going to go on the tape but there's a big area just like that out here they call it Jackass Prairie. Because years back I saw some people turning mules and things loose running around out there and it just wasn't good for anything. Well it's still there the same way.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And just {D: was} salt, you can't grow anything on it.
Interviewer:  What would you call land that um it's a good grassland? But you can't grow a lot.
911:  Round here?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh, or or anywhere.
911:  Well now stuff like that around here grow grass and stuff like that probably called pasture land, a pasture.
Interviewer:  Do you ever talk about a meadow? Or bayou or?
911:  Meadow, not around here. I don't think I've heard the word meadow used in connection with a piece of land down here. I've heard the word now, I mean I There's even songs written using you know, the word meadow but uh to me that's just a great big grassy, shady place, not farmland. And down here you talk about land used as evaluate in terms of cows or or crop, whether it's good or not good for that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Meadow to me is kind of a hilly, grassy nice shady place. And what was the second word you said?
Interviewer:  Bayou.
911:  Why that's in Louisiana. That's with water isn't it?
Interviewer:  What
911:  To me that's just a low, it's almost kind of swampy. I've never seen it but that's somebody's talking about a bayou, I think of Louisiana right away and think of those lowlands there with water.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about lowlands around here with water. What would you call them?
911:  {NW} Trying to think of one. Ah you know We don't have if you know how it's dry and here we've got well you know those are resacas. {C: Spanish}
Interviewer:  What's a resaca? {C: Spanish}
911:  Well it's it's not a lake. Cause it's running water and it's long and narrow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  It's not a stream cause it's too big. Really what they are are offshoots of the Rio Grande River. They often come from or and feed from the Rio Grande.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  That's one width. When the river gets up high it feeds off into these resacas and they get bank full and sometimes they're down lower {C: Spanish} depending on how much water is in the river. I don't know exactly what you what English word you could put to resaca, {C: Spanish} lake doesn't fit it, stream, creek river, none of those fit.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about ravine or hollow or gully? Do you ever use those words?
911:  No, around here you'd be more likely to use the word arroyo. {C: Spanish} {NS}
Interviewer:  What's that?
911:  Great big dry creek bed, well not again creek because it'll be a great big dry resaca bed. {C: Spanish} {NS} An arroyo is just like {C: Spanish} probably a ravine. Deep and of varying depths and uh usually water in it if it's been raining or if the river's flowing over, otherwise dry. Dry bed.
Interviewer:  Do people use the word ravine around here much? Or is that a word that you've read?
911:  I don't think they use it around here much no. Ravine, that's uh I can't think of any place around here that I've heard anybody call it a ravine. I might, somebody might have called it a big arroyo up around {D: Honogen} {C: Spanish} a ravine, that probably, probably is one, which around here, just called an arroyo Colorado. {C: Spanish}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But it would be my My impression of a ravine if I was going to call it not, something other than an arroyo I guess I'd call that a ravine.
Interviewer:  You said arroyo Colorado? {C: Spanish}
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is that the name of one?
911:  That's the one that runs, big one that runs north of here otherwise. Got a little bit of water in the bottom of it, it's deep I guess it's from the highway, and from the road down it must be I guess seventy-five to a hundred feet deep. And then just a little trickle of water, just a little creek running along the bottom of it.
Interviewer:  Is there anything else there besides uh a creek or a river that when a resaca {C: Spanish} you know it would have running water in it? you could
911:  Stream.
Interviewer:  What's the difference between a stream and a creek or?
911:  Mm between a stream and a creek if I would tell you If you asked, if you asked me what the difference is in my mind, I'd say that a stream is bigger than a creek.
Interviewer:  Does the creek um always have water in it or?
911:  No I'd say a creek could dry. Run dry. More, more often than a stream.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Cause no you Cause around here, I don't know exactly where but they have dry creek beds. {NS} Different places around Texas, I've never heard of a dry stream bed I don't think.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Heard of dry stream but I think that means just dried up for good, I think a creek can run dry and then water'll run back in. If it gets rainwater. {NS}
Interviewer:  What if you have um Some water that's flowing along and it, it drops off goes down to
911:  Waterfall.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Waterfall.
Interviewer:  Okay. And a place where boats stop and freight's unloaded?
911:  The dock.
Interviewer:  Anything else?
911:  Port? Pier. Dock. Port. Pier. {X} Well the port's the whole thing. That's probably what I should have said the first place when you said where they come in and unload, they come to the port. Port comprised of docks, piers, and {D: wharf} Now I don't know any difference if they ask me, to describe that thing going out on the water on stilts, I'd call it a dock. Or a pier would be the two words I'd be most likely to use.
Interviewer:  The word port you wouldn't use much?
911:  Probably would be the one I'd use last.
Interviewer:  This uh port Brownsville is it Do big ships come in there?
911:  Yeah, big oil tankers to pick up cotton, pick up grain. Sometimes, sometimes lead and pipe stuff from Mexico. Things like that, a lot of grain.
Interviewer:  Mostly they're going to South America and Mexico?
911:  Japan, a lot of it here goes out to Japan.
Interviewer:  How long has that port been there? Since you can remember or?
911:  Well my grandfather and one of my great uncles had a lot to do with putting it in there. Now if you're going to ask me when, and I'm going to draw a complete blank. {NW} Uh. I think it was in the early thirties or late twenties when they really got it going. But I can't, I don't remember exactly.
Interviewer:  Uh do you ever talk about a swamp or a marsh or bog around here?
911:  No, not around here. There's not such thing.
Interviewer:  Do you use any of those terms yourself?
911:  Oh I know use the word swamp. But not in its correct form, usually hear it again kidding around. Uh got an example for ya. Oh it'd be like {X} I'm about to give you this might be a silly example, but like on a golf course, We're tromping around out there and the water's come up out of the resaca or something {C: Spanish} and it's where it shouldn't be. And it's up maybe a couple of inches and we would say Ah darn it, I'm stepping in a real swamp out here. You know. Just like that, there are no swamps or bogs or marches around here.
Interviewer:  What's the difference between a swamp and a bog and a marsh?
911:  I don't know. Maybe they all the same thing I think.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about something like that with saltwater in it?
911:  With saltwater in it. I don't know.
Interviewer:  There's nothing like that around here?
911:  No. Not that I can think of.
Interviewer:  And Say if you had some swampy land and you wanted to get the water off it, you'd say you wanted to do what to it?
911:  Uh Well what I would first think of in my mind pump it off, I don't know if that's the word you're looking for Uh Go ahead, tell me, I'll recognize it.
Interviewer:  Well you dig something to
911:  Oh uh Drain it?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What would you dig to drain it all?
911:  Well I'd call it a trench I imagine or a drain. Drainage canal, drain canal.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Or trench depending on the size of it.
Interviewer:  What if there had been a heavy rainfall and the water came out a little trench sort of, you'd call that a...
911:  Mm. Big one, you'd call that a cut.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh I don't know, I, I vaguely know what you're talking about, the word or expression but I can't call it to mind.
Interviewer:  What about the things of the side of the road to carry the water off?
911:  Drainage.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Bar ditch.
Interviewer:  Okay. A what?
911:  Bar ditch.
Interviewer:  What do you mean bar?
911:  I don't know, it's just an old thing, I haven't actually I used to always hear 'em bar ditches.
Interviewer:  What do they look like?
911:  Just a little dugout just to The shallow place alongside the highway just to drain water. So the water will drain off the road.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And a small rise in land, you'd call a
911:  Small one?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Hill.
Interviewer:  Okay, any other names?
911:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  What about something bigger than a hill?
911:  Mountain?
Interviewer:  Okay. And the rocky side of a mountain that drops off real sharp.
911:  Cliff.
Interviewer:  And talking about several of those,
911:  Cliffs.
Interviewer:  Okay. And a place up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place. Not not the valley but the the low place between mountains, you'd call that a
911:  Mm you got me here, because you haven't seen any mountains round this part of the country, or could you be talking about a gorge?
Interviewer:  Okay. And On television, gun fighters, for every man they've killed, they've cut a little
911:  Notch?
Interviewer:  Okay. And What are the names of some of the creeks or streams and things around here?
911:  {NW} Well the only one I can think of in When you're talking about creeks or streams it'd be that of the Orroyo Colorado. Uh, those resacas are named, there's uh {C: Spanish} uh Resaca de la Guerra {C: Spanish} Mm fooey There's another one, there's two big ones and that's the biggest one there. There's Resaca de Rancho Viejo {C: Spanish} But they're not streams or creeks now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh, that's about it, there's other little piddly ones I guess got names on 'em, but I'd sit here all day and not remember 'em. Never put much significance to 'em
Interviewer:  What are those names mean, are they named after people or places?
911:  {NS} Resaca de la Guerra {C: Spanish} would be the resaca of the war. Or the war resaca. {C: Spanish} It's battle sites. Several different things, one of the Civil War, one in the Texas war of independence I think.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  Uh And the other one resaca the Rancho Viejo would be the resaca of the old ranch. Or the old ranch's resaca. {C: Spanish}
Interviewer:  And what different kinds of roads are there around here?
911:  Different kinds of roads. You talking about material?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Paved. Which would be asphalt. Blacktop would be the same thing, caliche Gravel and dirt. I guess.
Interviewer:  What's the caliche?
911:  Oh it's kind of a mixture, some kind of powdery stuff and and a certain kind of rock. It's kind of whitish colored.
Interviewer:  Like the road down, couple of roads down from here? Is that caliche?
911:  There's plenty of them around here. Must be, it's kinda. Gravel you know great big dark color rock. This kind of has a whitish color to it and it's a little powdery. It'll blow. Yeah. Car go down it, stir it up, it'll blow pretty good.
Interviewer:  Gravel will?
911:  The caliche will. Unless you roll it and pack it down and wet it pretty good. You just lay it down there, it'll blow, blow worse than dirt. If you stir it up.
Interviewer:  Why do they put it down then?
911:  You can get in and out of it when it rains. It'll, you can soak it up pretty good, and it'll rain hard you can still drive in and out of it just like gravel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  You won't stick in it.
Interviewer:  What do you call the white paved road? You don't see too many of them out anymore.
911:  Oh used to do it with the with concrete. Cement. Yeah, you don't do that anymore, it costs too much to do it with with tar or asphalt.
Interviewer:  What would you call a little road that turns off the main road?
911:  Off of a main highway?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Paved? Would it be paved yeah?
Interviewer:  Paved road.
911:  Well. I'll call it a road I guess.
Interviewer:  Any other name for just a small
911:  No you're hunting for words they don't use around here, you're looking for things like country lane and stuff like that, maybe I don't know. Around here just, it's a road. Take the road to the left.
Interviewer:  Do you ever use the word lane?
911:  No. That's what I thought Maybe you're fishing for something like that, but not around here.
Interviewer:  What, what do you think of a lane this big?
911:  Oh just real narrow. About wide enough for a car. Maybe just cut out with nothing on it paved or anything, just a dirt road probably.
Interviewer:  Do you think of a lane as having trees or fences on both sides?
911:  Yeah, a country lane do.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Just a little dirt road maybe like you were saying, with a farm on each side or fences and trees. Or these meadows that we talked about on each side kinda peaceful like not hot and dusty like down here.
Interviewer:  {NS} And a road that goes up to a person's house, would be a...
911:  A main road that goes up to his house?
Interviewer:  Or
911:  A driveway.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about a road across a ranch? Would you have a special name for that?
911:  No I just call it a road.
Interviewer:  And a road in town?
911:  Street.
Interviewer:  And something along the side of the street for people to walk on?
911:  Sidewalk.
Interviewer:  Any old fashioned name for sidewalk?
911:  No {NS} Hello? This he. Uh-huh. I guess an old {X} An old term for sidewalk. {NS} Hmm.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear {D: bonkhead} or anything like that?
911:  What did you say?
Interviewer:  {D: Bonkhead.}
911:  Well in {D: Spanish} you go, we used there's a word banqueta {C: Spanish} {C: Spanish} I don't know if that's correct or not, but I remember refer, hearing people refer to it as a banqueta. {C: Spanish} {C: Spanish}
Interviewer:  Did you hear that in English or
911:  Well no, the way just said it, it kinda has a Spanish tone to it, banqueta. {C: Spanish} {C: Spanish}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door, and nobody answered, you say, I guess he's not
911:  Home.
Interviewer:  And if someone's walking in your direction, you say he's coming straight
911:  At me.
Interviewer:  Or straight
911:  Toward me.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Toward me.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you went into town and {NS} happened to see someone that you hadn't counted on seeing, you say this morning I happened to
911:  Run into such-and-such.
Interviewer:  And if a child is given the same name as her mother has, you'd say they named the child...
911:  After her mother.
Interviewer:  And something that people drink for breakfast.
911:  Juice.
Interviewer:  Or
911:  Coffee.
Interviewer:  Okay, and if you wanted some coffee and it wasn't ready, you'd say you had to go
911:  Make the coffee.
Interviewer:  And talking about putting milk in your coffee, you'd say some people like it... How?
911:  Black?
Interviewer:  Okay. Black coffee is coffee, what milk?
911:  Oh without milk,
Interviewer:  Okay. And other people like coffee
911:  with milk.
Interviewer:  Any other names for black coffee?
911:  Slang ones?
Interviewer:  Do you have
911:  Well, not words that I use, just say coffee, and they ask how I want it and I say I want it black. {NS} Well they they use words that I've heard of before, {X} just pure coffee I mean they don't call it, what uh What Java
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Don't use it, never heard it used much, read it, now I've heard people say it once or twice once in a while but I guess not ten times.
Interviewer:  What kind of java? is that
911:  Yeah but that's not really from around here
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  But I've heard a cup of coffee referred to that I don't know what it is or where it came from
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the expression drinking coffee barefoot?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard drinking whiskey bare-footed?
911:  Uh never heard that
Interviewer:  And If you were walking along the road an an animal came and scared you you say I picked up a... What?
911:  Pick up a rock
Interviewer:  And I,
911:  Threw it at it.
Interviewer:  Okay, anything else to say besides threw it?
911:  No unless I've hit 'em Then I'd say I picked up a rock and hit him with it.
Interviewer:  Do you ever say you chucked it or flung it or?
911:  Mm-mm. You're on about me now?
Interviewer:  Or have you ever heard of any of those?
911:  Well I heard 'em but I don't know if I ever heard anybody really use 'em. I have always used or heard say I picked up a rock and threw it at 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And
911:  If pitched it at 'em, I would take it to mean just kinda underhanded, just finally toss. To somebody to catch. Not to throw it at some something you wanna get out of there.
Interviewer:  Like you pitch a ball in baseball or something?
911:  Yeah. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere, but you say before you can hitch 'em to a wagon or buggy, you have to...
911:  I don't know I've never done it.
Interviewer:  But what do you have to put on it?
911:  Put on a harness?
Interviewer:  Okay. And say you, say you have to
911:  Harness up the horses.
Interviewer:  And when you're driving a horse, you got him with the
911:  Reigns.
Interviewer:  Is that when you're plowing or with a wagon? You call at the reins.
911:  I call it reins in the wagon and for riding in the saddle. And a bridle call it the reins
Interviewer:  And if you're riding them with the saddle, You put your feet in the
911:  Stirrups
Interviewer:  And talking about um distance you say well I don't know exactly how far away it is, but it's just a
911:  You're about to close up.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh, it's just a little
911:  Just a little aways
Interviewer:  Okay, and if you had been traveling, {NS} and still had about five hundred miles to go, you'd say you still had a
911:  Long way to go.
Interviewer:  And, something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place, You'd say oh you can find that just about
911:  Any place.
Interviewer:  And someone slipped and fell over this way, you'd say he fell over
911:  Backwards.
Interviewer:  This way?
911:  Frontwards. Forward.
Interviewer:  Okay. Say if um, you had been fishing and I asked you did you catch any, and you might say no what and what? No
911:  No I didn't catch any
Interviewer:  Okay, did you ever hear people say I didn't catch nary a one?
911:  Yeah. I've even used that. There again when we're you know. {NS} Did you catch any, I didn't catch nary a one. Yeah I've used that quite a bit.
Interviewer:  Is that kinda like ain't, the way you use it, just kidding or?
911:  No not really, I don't and like I told you yesterday, I always had drummed in my head that the word ain't was really bad. It's almost like using a cuss word. {NS} Nary a one, to me is just a slang expression really, I don't consider it, it's not correct.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  By any means, but we use it.
Interviewer:  It's not as bad as ain't?
911:  Yeah. No, I wouldn't think so. To me ain't is is just really incorrect, and I hear people use it all the time when they using it and not not kidding, they just using it in their you know vocabulary. To me, I would use it kidding around and, {NS} but nary a one, I would use that maybe in just normal conversation sometimes if it fits you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And If you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land, you say you
911:  Clear it off.
Interviewer:  And wheat is tied off into
911:  I don't know, wheat?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  I dunno.
Interviewer:  What about corn? Or fodder?
911:  I don't have any idea. Bundle?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And the bundles are piled up into a
911:  Stack.
Interviewer:  And talking about how much wheat you raised, you might say you raised forty what of wheat today?
911:  Bushels.
Interviewer:  And what do you have to do with oats to separate the grains from the rest of it?
911:  Mm. I don't know. Oats?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Ain't got any idea.
Interviewer:  Say if there was something that we had to do today, just the two of us you could say we'll have to do it, or you could say instead of saying we, you could say
911:  We're going to do it together, don't say we?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. But would you say you and I would have to do it or me and you?
911:  Of if I'm talking to you? Say you and I gotta do this today. Or we have to do it today.
Interviewer:  What if you're talking about some man and yourself?
911:  You and I.
Interviewer:  Or.
911:  We.
Interviewer:  Would you say him and me or he and I?
911:  He and I. He and I are gonna do it today.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And you say he doesn't want just you or just me for this job, he wants
911:  Both of us.
Interviewer:  And if you knock at the door, and someone asks you who's there, and you know that they recognize your voice, you'd say it's
911:  It's me.
Interviewer:  And
911:  Or it is I? No I'd say it's me. Correct or not, that's what I'd say.
Interviewer:  What if uh If it's a man at the door, you'd say it's Like if I asked you was that was him at the door, you'd say yes that was
911:  That was him.
Interviewer:  And if it was a woman?
911:  That was her.
Interviewer:  And if it was two people?
911:  That was them.
Interviewer:  And talking about how tall you are, You'd say he's not as tall
911:  As I am.
Interviewer:  Or I'm not as tall
911:  As he is.
Interviewer:  And he can do that better than
911:  Than I can.
Interviewer:  And If you had been out to uh to New Mexico say, and you hadn't gone any more west than that, you'd say New Mexico is
911:  As far as I went.
Interviewer:  Or. New Mexico is what west of then? New Mex-
911:  New Mexico is far west as I've been.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do you ever say it's all the farther west or the farthest west of
911:  Mm. I've heard it, but I've never used it. {X} And if you asked me the same question, ask me that question, I say well New Mexico is far west as I've been.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  I guess I've heard people say farthest west or furthest west or whatever you say, but I've never used it.
Interviewer:  And if something belongs to me, you say it's {C: NS}
911:  Yours. {C: NS}
Interviewer:  And if it belongs to both of us, it's
911:  It's ours.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Ours.
Interviewer:  And to them?
911:  It's theirs.
Interviewer:  And to him?
911:  It's his.
Interviewer:  And to her?
911:  It's hers.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say yours or his or
911:  Yeah, I guess maybe There again kidding around expression I would probably use it a few times, but there again, just kidding, you know, I don't say kidding but just kinda cute conversation, I guess.
Interviewer:  What give me some examples what What would you
911:  I'd say if I'm about to say something about that, keep your hands off of that, that's our'n.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Or uh You better not mess with that thing that's his'n and he'll get you {NW} Well they're just kidding, they're not in everyday conversation.
Interviewer:  Do you hear it around here, people say that?
911:  No, just the same way I'm using it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Kidding.
Interviewer:  Say if there had been a group of people at your house and
911:  I think there's, let me just say something about that. I think there maybe there There are places where people talk that way his'n and our'n and their'n.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Or whatever those words {NS} In a way, It's not one of my sayings. Uh Maybe mimicking or copying or something conversation or you know a way of talking in other places I mean.
Interviewer:  But you don't hear
911:  No
Interviewer:  Around here much? How would you address a group of people? Like There's a group at your house and they're gonna leave, you'd say I hope What
911:  Hope y'all had a good time.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do you ever use the word y'all talking just to one person?
911:  To one?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I don't, no.
Interviewer:  What if um there's a group of people and you were asking about everybody's coats, you'd say where are
911:  Where are y'all their coats or their
Interviewer:  Well you're talking to them. You'd say where are,
911:  Where are your coats?
Interviewer:  Would you ever say y'all's coats?
911:  Oh I might. {NW} Where are y'all's coats? Yeah I might say that.
Interviewer:  What if there's a there was a party that you hadn't been able to go to and and you were asking about the people that had gone, you'd ask them what
911:  Who all was there?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And there's a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family, you'd ask about them children are they
911:  Whose children are those?
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Whose children are those?
Interviewer:  Would you ever say who all's children?
911:  I knew you were gonna ask me that. I don't think so. It And it's funny you know might say y'all's coach and then say who all. Who all's children oh I don't think so.
Interviewer:  That sounds a little funny?
911:  Yeah I suppose.
Interviewer:  What if there had been a a speech that you hadn't been able to hear? You're asking about you know, everything that that the person said, you'd say
911:  What all did he say?
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you say no one else will look out for them, you say they've got to look out for
911:  For themselves.
Interviewer:  And no one else will do it for them. He better do it
911:  For himself.
Interviewer:  And talking about kinds of animals the kind of animal that barks.
911:  Dog.
Interviewer:  And if you want your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him?
911:  Sic 'em.
Interviewer:  Okay. What different kinds of dogs are there?
911:  Breeds?
Interviewer:  Well not breeds but just what would you call a mixed breed dog for example?
911:  Mutt.
Interviewer:  Okay, any other terms like that?
911:  Heinz fifty-seven.
Interviewer:  What about for a small noisy dog?
911:  Poodle? Are you, you're not talking about breeds now?
Interviewer:  No, not breeds, just a general name.
911:  A small, noisy dog, I'd probably call a pain in the neck. {NS} Hello? Dog.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear it called a feist?
911:  Oh I've heard of, I've heard that there's a feisty little dog. I've never heard it called a feist. I'd say well those dogs are pretty feisty. Maybe a little small barking dog {D: That might fit there yeah}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about just a worthless dog?
911:  Well you go back to mutt.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if you had a mean dog, you tell someone, you'd better be careful, that dog will
911:  Bite you.
Interviewer:  And yesterday he
911:  Bit somebody.
Interviewer:  And the person had to go to the doctor after he got
911:  Bitten.
Interviewer:  Do you ever say after he got dog bit?
911:  No. I'd say no I'd say he got bitten by dogs.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And the kind of animal that um you could plow with
911:  Horse.
Interviewer:  Or something
911:  Ox.
Interviewer:  Something that looks kinda like a horse.
911:  Mule.
Interviewer:  Okay, and two of those hitched together, would be a...
911:  Team. Team of mules.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about the ox? when they're hitched together?
911:  Team of oxen.
Interviewer:  Did you ever see that?
911:  No. Have I ever seen any? Pictures I guess but never seen it.
Interviewer:  And the animal that would get you milk.
911:  The cow.
Interviewer:  And the male is called the
911:  Bull.
Interviewer:  Is that word nice to use when you were growing up? Or did it sound a little vulgar?
911:  Depends on how you were using it nowadays you say well that's a bull out there in that pasture, well that's alright, but I didn't better come to the house and say hold on and give me that bull. That wasn't That wasn't considered too nice.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} And the little ones, when it's first born,
911:  Calf.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Calf.
Interviewer:  And the female is called a
911:  Female cow calf
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Any special names for a female calf?
911:  No, maybe just calves.
Interviewer:  What about the male?
911:  Well If you're really trying to pin it down I guess you could say bull calf.
Interviewer:  And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf, you'd say she was going to
911:  Foal.
Interviewer:  Okay. Any other more common ways to say that?
911:  Well that'd be a horse or a foal, I dunno if I ever heard that used with a cow or not.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear come in fresh or drop a calf or
911:  Drop a calf, yeah, she's fixing to drop a calf.
Interviewer:  Okay.
911:  The foal, go back to there, that's horse, not cow.
Interviewer:  What do you call the female horse?
911:  Mare.
Interviewer:  What about the male?
911:  Stallion.
Interviewer:  Any other names for a male horse?
911:  Had to depend on what they've done to him, might call him a gelding.
Interviewer:  You call him a gelding after you have
911:  Fixed him. Altered him.
Interviewer:  Any other terms for that, fixed or altered? Would you use those terms talking about a pig for example? Or a cow?
911:  I never talked about pigs much. I suppose.
Interviewer:  And. You say everyone around here likes to get on horses and
911:  Ride.
Interviewer:  And yesterday he
911:  Rode.
Interviewer:  And I have never
911:  Ridden.
Interviewer:  And if you couldn't stay on, you'd say you fell
911:  Off. Fell off the horse.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And say a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning, he'd say I guess I must have
911:  I guess I must have fallen out of bed.
Interviewer:  And the things that you put on the horses' feet.
911:  Shoes. Horseshoes.
Interviewer:  What about a game you play with those? Do you ever see.
911:  Yeah we played that. Play horseshoes.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes?
911:  The same way? Just like hor- no. I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on.
911:  The hooves.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay, and Just one of those would be one
911:  Hoof.
Interviewer:  And what do people raise sheep for?
911:  Wool.
Interviewer:  Do people ever raise sheep in this area?
911:  No. I've never seen one down here. Oh I guess I've seen one or two from people just messing around, but they've never raised them down here for commercial purposes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  It's too hot.
Interviewer:  What do they call the male sheep?
911:  Ram.
Interviewer:  And the female?
911:  Ewe.
Interviewer:  And Talking about um pigs, when they're full grown you call them.
911:  Pig, hog.
Interviewer:  Okay, what about when they're half grown? {NS}
911:  Pig I guess.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a shoat?
911:  I've heard of the word but I've never used it.
Interviewer:  Did Did you ever Do you know what it means exactly or? Did you
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What about the male hog?
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a boar or a male hog?
911:  Oh okay boar yeah. But I don't know, {X} Don't think I've ever heard it talking about a tame hog. I don't think I've ever heard of a boar hog, but they remain wild.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Is a boar hog male or
911:  Male. Well now, {X} Boar hog, that means a wild wild hog I guess I never thought about it, I guess we just refer to it that way, it could be a male or female. Boar hog.
Interviewer:  What would you call a female hog?
911:  Sow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, what if she's never had pigs?
911:  I don't know. {NW}
Interviewer:  And a male hog that's been fixed, you call him a
911:  {NS} Um
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear barrow, or boar? And the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back.
911:  I don't have any idea but if I had to call it something I guess I would probably call it bristle.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about the big teeth that a hog has?
911:  {NW} Ah.
Interviewer:  Or an elephant has?
911:  Yeah, tusks, mm-kay.
Interviewer:  And things you put the food in for the hogs, would be a
911:  Trough
Interviewer:  Mm-kay, and if you had three or four of those, you'd have three or four
911:  Troughs.
Interviewer:  And Say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so fourth they were getting hungry, you'd say you have to go feed the
911:  Animals.
Interviewer:  Okay, what if you're talking about hens and turkeys and geese? You say you had to feed the
911:  Feed the chickens or I'd have to break each of them down, I wouldn't {NS}
Interviewer:  {NS} {X}
911:  No I already got mine but they have a great big one that they leave out there all the time put the winner's name on there every year the year and the winner's name. {D:so I guess they} find out how we want it. {NS}
Interviewer:  How many people were playing?
911:  a hundred and eighty-four. {NS}
Interviewer:  Just people from around here mainly or?
911:  No what they do is every member of the club that wants to play in it in where up to eighty-four we had a hundred and some wanting to play but they had to cut it off at eighty-four. then you invite a guest from out of town. The object being to bring in make a fellowship deal and bring people from all over different places and spend three four five days playing golf and if you if you allowed them to just get somebody locally it you know you'd have the same ones from that you saw all year round. this way there's eighty-four from here and then there's eight-four people
Interviewer:  #1 {NS} #
911:  #2 coming in from all over and #
Interviewer:  {NS}
911:  And it is getting so now where it is the same ones coming back every year being mostly I'd say about eighty percent but their coming from all over. Different places and you haven't seen the man for year you renew old acquaintances and stuff like that. It is a real nice time.
Interviewer:  You said trying to encourage people to join this #1 coun- #
911:  #2 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  country clubs?
911:  No they get all the people in there they want. and like I said eighty-four can play and they get over a hundred on the list but once you get in you have the right to play every year unless you decide to pull out. #1 kind of a #
Interviewer:  #2 How do they # Determine who gets in?
911:  Well this goes back to the first year or two when people kinda {D: weren't you know} not too interested {NS} a bunch of us got in there and we just preserved that priority. Now what they do is if three or four spots open up the first ones in there with their money
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Go to the top of the list and when they cut it off they take the one that got money in there first. The entry fee. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um. We talked about the animals um {NS} say if you wanted to a go feed the animals and if it's time to feed the animals and do your chores you would said that it was?
911:  Oh I've been lucky enough to never have to do that I guess time to do the chores?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear that called chore time or feeding time or fodder time?
911:  {NW} I've heard feeding time.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  But here now you you are talking about things that I've heard not really in you know? Actual everyday conversation a man sitting there telling me well it's feeding time I got to go slop the hogs cuz I just have never been around that kind of stuff.
Interviewer:  {NW}
911:  So these expressions that I've heard but never used or had used to me when they were really you know serious about they were actually going to go out and do this.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  I've never lived on a farm or been on one. Or that kind of farm.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard the animals referred to as critters or stock?
911:  Yeah both of those. But not much. {NS} Critters mostly refer to {NS} oh squirrels rabbits little bitty fur animals like that called critters.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Um stock well is um mostly cows.
Interviewer:  What about animals that are a nuisance? What would you call them?
911:  Oh again critters pests varmints.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Probably critters or varmints.
Interviewer:  What do you think of a varmint? Is there any special size animal?
911:  Yeah about the size of a big rat possum.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {NW} You know a thing like that would be a varmint.
Interviewer:  Would you call a coyote a varmint or?
911:  Hmm probably I don't know.
Interviewer:  That's getting a little large?
911:  Yeah. Coyote I mean that's what? varmint to me is what I always think of as {X} dirty little animals I don't like. Coyotes I don't like 'em but they don't come bothering you. You know? They won't get up inside the house and stuff like that To me that is varmints.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Coming noseying around the house and tearing into stuff.
Interviewer:  What do you think of rats and mice and things like that as? #1 Varmints? #
911:  #2 Varmints. # and possums. {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  Um the noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? You'd say the calf began to do what?
911:  {NS} The noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned? {NS} The calf began to I don't know. I don't know exactly what you are looking for you look. You lost me.
Interviewer:  {D:Alright} what about the noise that a cow makes? You say she...?
911:  Moos
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Would you say that a calf moos? Or would you have another? {NS}
911:  Calf? {NS} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear a cat balls or cries or blats?
911:  It cries. Yeah. I'd say cries.
Interviewer:  What about a horse? What kind of sound does he make?
911:  Whinny.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And
911:  Or a neigh.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Whinny or neigh.
Interviewer:  Is that the same or are they different?
911:  To me it's about the same thing. The horse makes its usual noise I'd probably say neigh.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  When it came out first I think I'd probably be more inclined to say neigh. Horses neighing.
Interviewer:  Say if um you wanted to call the cows to get it out of the pasture, do you ever hear a special call? To get cows to come to you?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What about calves?
911:  Neither.
Interviewer:  and horses?
911:  Huh-uh
Interviewer:  Sheep?
911:  Huh-uh
Interviewer:  What would you say to a cow to get her to stand still so you could milk her?
911:  {NW} Don't, better not put that on the tape. {NW} I don't know. I've never milked well yeah I have to but I don't ever remember ever tell her to stand. You know? Get it just tell her to stand still and slap it across the side.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What would you say to mule or horse to get 'em to turn left or right? {NS}
911:  Turn left right. You mean if I'm riding it?
Interviewer:  No. If you are plowing with it or driving it or something.
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say haw or?
911:  {NS} No. I don't think so. I know yeah haw and and what's the other one is? Yeah I've heard I know what you are talking about. #1 But I've never #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  used 'em or heard 'em used. I think I read 'em probably.
Interviewer:  What about to get 'em started if you are riding 'em?
911:  Giddy-up.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And to stop 'em?
911:  Whoa.
Interviewer:  And to back 'em up?
911:  I don't know. To back 'em up? {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 I don't #
911:  #2 Alright. #
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear? {NS}
911:  What?
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Go ahead. I don't
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say hike up or whoa back or?
911:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  And do you ever hear people call hogs?
911:  Sooey pig.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you know how that goes?
911:  Do I know how it goes?
Interviewer:  Yeah can- can you do it like like your calling 'em?
911:  {D: Oh I do not know} the way I've heard it ever done was hear pig sooey sooey pig. Sooey.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Where did you hear that?
911:  The Texas-Arkansas football game. Is when we put it on 'em and start calling 'em pigs and giving 'em the sooey pigs. to the Arkansas fans. {NW} That's where I heard it That's the truth too. I'm not joking but I've heard it. You know? {NS} The television and stuff like that. I've never heard anybody actually do it but
Interviewer:  #1 just #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
911:  Just something you've known and heard for a long time but I have that is a Texas-Arkansas tradition.
Interviewer:  Texas and Arkansas play?
911:  Football.
Interviewer:  Do they they're regular opponents they?
911:  Yeah. And they are the razorbacks and we give them that sooey pig business.
Interviewer:  Do they get mad?
911:  Oh yeah. {NS} They don't like it too much.
Interviewer:  What's the Texas football team?
911:  Longhorns. {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you ever play football while you were at Texas?
911:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  And do you hear anybody call chickens?
911:  Chick chick chick.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you say something that um people eat for breakfast that's native from ground up corn.
911:  Cereal.
Interviewer:  Well it's corn that has been ground up real fine. You eat it with maybe eggs and. {NS} Sort of a Southern food...
911:  Grits.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What about something that's got the whole grains of corn? It's not been ground up. It's as fine as grits. {NW}
911:  {NW} You're talking about oatmeal.
Interviewer:  No it is made out of corn.
911:  Hominy grits?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What's the difference?
911:  I don't know. I like 'em both. But I don't hominy grits I don't grits to me they're white stuff you are talking about at first the word hominy came out just from {NS} I don't know where I just heard that I #1 guess. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What about something just called hominy or lye corn? Do you ever hear that?
911:  Yeah hominy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  How's that different from grits? Or is it
911:  Well I've never eaten it for breakfast.
Interviewer:  {NS} Does it look the same or?
911:  Well um hominy to me is about the size of probably about a little bit bigger than a green pea.
Interviewer:  #1 It's #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm #
911:  white. I've seen some yellow. I eat that for lunch or supper.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Grits to me is like you talking about some fine, small {NW}
Interviewer:  What about a um {NS} something that it's a grain that's made well it's white and it's it's a grain that grows in wet places In other parts of Texas maybe #1 but in #
911:  #2 Rice #
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Rice.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Where does that grow? Does it grow in Texas or?
911:  Yeah, I think they grow some rice in Texas. I don't know where. I think they grow a lot it in Louisiana. If they are growing it in Texas it would have to be over on the East side. It'd have to be up around Houston, Beaumont, and there I'd imagine. be about the only place you'd grow rice.
Interviewer:  {NS} And you'd say this morning at seven o'clock I what breakfast?
911:  I ate breakfast.
Interviewer:  And yesterday at that time I had already?
911:  Eaten breakfast.
Interviewer:  And if you were real thirsty you could go to the sink and pore yourself a?
911:  Glass of water.
Interviewer:  and you'd say the glass fell off the sink and?
911:  Broke.
Interviewer:  So somebody has what the glass?
911:  Broken the glass.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. But you'd say but I didn't mean to?
911:  Brake it.
Interviewer:  And {NS} if someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his?
911:  Hmm there is a lot that could go in there. He sure likes to put away his food sure likes to put away his feed sure likes to put away his groceries
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you would you call food that's taken between regular meals?
911:  Snacks.
Interviewer:  Anything else? {NS}
911:  I don't think so. I'd be inclined to call it a snack.
Interviewer:  And something that sort of like a fruit pie I mean its got several layers of fruit and dough in it. maybe it's made out of apples or something. {NS}
911:  Apple pie? {NS} Hmm I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a cobbler or?
911:  Oh Okay. Cobbler yeah. Cobbler I know what you talking about. Apple Cobbler.
Interviewer:  Anything else?
911:  Peach cobbler. Apple and peach. That's about all.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a deep apple pie or apple slump or family pie?
911:  I've heard of deep apple pie.
Interviewer:  How is that different?
911:  I don't know. I guess it's a deeper dish. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do they {NS} is that something you hear around here a lot or?
911:  No I don't know. I don't I don't remember hearing it too much. Deep apple pie. Not much. I know it {NS} mentioned it I know I'd heard it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But uh I don't remember hearing it too much. No just usually just apple pie.
Interviewer:  What about something that um say you could take milk or cream and mix that with sugar and nutmeg and make sort of a a sweet liquid that you could pour over pudding or pie? You'd call that a? {NS}
911:  Hmm ... {NS} I don't know what you'd call that.
Interviewer:  Do you ever call that a sauce or a #1 dip or a dressing? #
911:  #2 Sauce # Call it a sauce.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do you ever use the word dip or dressing or gravy?
911:  No. Not like that. No. I'd call it a sauce.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And say if you were real thirsty you'd say I what a glass of water?
911:  I want a glass of water. #1 Or I #
Interviewer:  #2 And then #
911:  I need a glass of water. Usually want.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say um so then I I what a glass of water?
911:  I drank a glass of water.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd ask me how much have you?
911:  Had to drink.
Interviewer:  Or how much have you?
911:  How much have you drank?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And say if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table. You tell them to?
911:  Sit down.
Interviewer:  So you'd say so then he?
911:  Sat down.
Interviewer:  And no one else was standing cuz everybody else had?
911:  Sat down.
Interviewer:  And if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to 'em you tell them to just go ahead and
911:  Eat.
Interviewer:  Or. What yourself?
911:  Go ahead and serve yourself.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Or using another word. Go ahead and what yourself?
911:  Oh. Go ahead and help yourself to the potatoes.
Interviewer:  So you'd say so then he went ahead and?
911:  {NW} Are we back to the served and the helped he said helped himself to the potatoes? {NS} I guess yeah that'd be right.
Interviewer:  And you'd say ask him to pass over 'em to him since he had already what himself?
911:  Helped himself or served himself. I think its about fifty fifty really.
Interviewer:  #1 Between #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you hear # people say hoped themselves for help
911:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  And {NS} if you decide not to eat something, you would say no thank you I don't?
911:  Care for any.
Interviewer:  And foods been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been?
911:  We call 'em leftovers. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you put food in your mouth and then you begin to?
911:  Chew.
Interviewer:  And you say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck his throat and he couldn't?
911:  Swallow?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. He could chew it but he couldn't what it? He couldn't?
911:  Swallow it?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And something that um it's made out of cornmeal. You take cornmeal and and salt and water make something you could eat just with a spoon. You call that?
911:  Cornmeal and salt and water. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear mush or cush cush or?
911:  Well I've heard the word mush but I didn't know what it was. I mean {X} that it was cornmeal {NS} salt and water. I've never eaten any.
Interviewer:  What about some other things made out of cornmeal? {NS}
911:  For instance, I don't know. I just avoid that kitchen like the plague. You going to have to throw me some hints there. Things made with cornmeal. Tortillas?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What else?
911:  Corn bread?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about something to eat with fish?
911:  To eat with fish? Well you can make stuff to cover that a you know to cook it in, can't you? With #1 corn #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  meal the uh what do you call it? Is it batter?
Interviewer:  Mm-mm. Do you ever heard something called a corn dodger?
911:  Yeah. I don't know what it is. Corn dodger. Seems to me I've had one of those. But I don't know what it is.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what it? #1 Looked like #
911:  #2 Looked # like a hot dog. Didn't it?
Interviewer:  It's kinda long.
911:  Oh is it? Long and round or is it square? I think it's long and round like a hot dog. I think. Dip it in mustard.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I might be wrong. But that's what came to my mind when you said corn dodger. {NS}
Interviewer:  Does it have something inside it? Like a does it have meat inside it or? #1 is it #
911:  #2 Well that made me # Think of a hot dog. but I'm trying to think if if that I'm thinking of a hot dog covered up with that corn meal stuff. Maybe that's what I'm thinking of.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about something um with peas and beats and carrots and so forth. You call those?
911:  Vegetables.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. You'd grow them in a?
911:  Garden.
Interviewer:  Any special name for them if you grew them yourself?
911:  Mm. No I don't think not really. Might grow 'em myself. Might call 'em homegrown.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Well that's about all that I can think of.
Interviewer:  What would you call whiskey that is made illegally? That's made
911:  Moonshine.
Interviewer:  Any other names?
911:  Bathtub gin.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about beer?
911:  Illegal beer?
Interviewer:  Beer that is made at home
911:  Homebrew.
Interviewer:  Okay.
911:  I've never done that now.
Interviewer:  {NS} You ever heard of people making moonshine around here?
911:  No. You'd get it too easy across the boarder. Don't need to fool with it.
Interviewer:  So liquor is a whole lot cheaper #1 across #
911:  #2 across # the boarder, yeah. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do they? I thought now they still make you pay Texas tax.
911:  Yeah you got to pay those tax. When you come across that bridge. But it is still cheap. {NW}
Interviewer:  Say something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils. You'd tell somebody just that just
911:  Smell that
Interviewer:  And you'd say this isn't an imitation maple syrup this is?
911:  The real thing.
Interviewer:  Or this is gen-
911:  genuine.
Interviewer:  And when sugar was sold um weighed of the barrel. You'd say it was sold?
911:  I don't remember that. When it is sold out of a barrel. Weigh down? Sold by the pound.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What would you? If you were going to buy something two or three hundred pounds at a time you'd say you were buying it?
911:  In bulk.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And a sweet spread that you could put on biscuits or toast?
911:  Jam or preserves.
Interviewer:  Or something else?
911:  Marmalade. Jam preserves.
Interviewer:  #1 Something #
911:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  like jam.
911:  Honey.
Interviewer:  But maybe apple.
911:  Apple butter.
Interviewer:  a- there's another thing.
911:  Oh there is? {NS} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well it's like all of those things.
911:  Preserves jam marmalade apple butter.
Interviewer:  Wha- what was that first thing you mentioned?
911:  Preserves. Jam. {NS} Jelly.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And something you'd season food with?
911:  Salt, pepper.
Interviewer:  And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one. He'd tell you?
911:  {NS} I want an apple.
Interviewer:  And you'd say it was these boys that did that. It must have been
911:  them.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay or it must have been one of
911:  those.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever say "One of them boys?"
911:  No. Well kidding around. There again we're back to the nary a one and stuff like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Now I might say, it had it was one of them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Instead of one of those. That's kind of a flip-flop there. It just whichever came out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But I don't think I'd ever say it was one of them boys. Other than just kidding around. You know?
Interviewer:  #1 Imitating #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  or mimicking or whatever you want to call it. Just an
Interviewer:  You wouldn't say it seriously?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And you'd say he doesn't live here, he lives
911:  there.
Interviewer:  Or he lives #1 over. #
911:  #2 over there. #
Interviewer:  Do you ever say yonder? Or yander?
911:  Kidding around. I might say he lives over yonder. Hmm.
Interviewer:  You hear that around here much?
911:  Eh you hear it some. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you tell someone don't do it that way do it
911:  this way.
Interviewer:  And if you don't have any money at all you'd say you're not rich you're
911:  Broke.
Interviewer:  Or you never had any money you're
911:  poor.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what father was rich?
911:  Who's father was rich.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach
911:  orchard.
Interviewer:  And you ask somebody if that's his orchard and he'd tell you no I'm just the neighbor. He'd point to someone else and say he's the man
911:  who owns the orchard.
Interviewer:  And something that's um people make our of flour. Baked in loafs.
911:  Bread.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What different kinds of bread?
911:  Hmm. White bread, rye bread {NW} {NS} French bread, corn bread.
Interviewer:  What is white bread have in it to make rise?
911:  Yeast.
Interviewer:  And {NS} you said there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's?
911:  bread you get at the store. What do you want me to say? Store bought? I don't use it very much.
Interviewer:  Does that sound funny #1 to you? #
911:  #2 No. # I use it some. Sounds well store bought. {D: Do you you going have} homemade bread or store bought? I use it some. It's not {NW} you got I Let me try and explain something to you. I don't know if it makes any sense or not. I know the correct things to say.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  You know. I know that to tell somebody that "We are going to have store bought bread for supper." That's not correct. By any stretch my imagination is that correct English? {NW} But it is an easy way to talk. It's just a if I was talking to some people that I didn't know very well and then or you know if felt {NW} there's just no way that that would pop out of my mouth. It just and I wouldn't have to even watch it.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
911:  #2 I'd just # say we're going to have you know I- I don't know how I'd say it put on the spot I just If I had to say it I'd just. I'd probably refer to the name of the bread or something. The bread we got down at the store, didn't have time to make any.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  In just casual easy conversation among friends if I had to refer to it very possibly that it would pop out of me and say it well what we are going to have store bought bread for supper.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I-It's hard to explain. If I went away from here to someplace else I you know I wouldn't use it. I-I think #1 it's all in #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  what I learned when I was a kid. My parents took taught me the right way. And you never forget it. And that just like the ain't business and the store bought.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I know it- it's not right. And it just like I tried to explain its just an easy way to talk. But if I feel like it's going to be offensive to somebody or if their gonna think I'm stupid well I'm #1 not #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm #
911:  gonna use it. Do you understand what I'm tryna to say?
Interviewer:  Do you feel um
911:  Of course this is not a place where I go where I like um it's always been It's always seemed to me that well meet somebody I'd like for him at first think maybe I'm just kind of a dumb hick. {NW} I always like um figure you could sneak up on a man later if he's tryna to pull something and they go I'm going away from here a little bit that I have. {NW} Or anywhere even around. You go in there tryna show off being a smart boy somebody'll cut you down to size. You better go walking in there letting them think you are a dumb hick. And then catch 'em from a surprise. You know?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {NW} I think that all reflects on the way we talk and and do things. Or at least the way I do. Cuz I always, I don't know. I'm just real easy going and its just ah it just takes a whole bunch of stuff to get me riled up. I think that just reflects on the way I talk. But if I have to turn it on and go back to the correct proper way to do things cuz I think it's the place and time to do it I'll do it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You were telling me yesterday about feeling um about change in the way you talk when you?
911:  Yeah I think that's the same thing. Ah. I just do whatever I'm comfortable at and I can {X} I can do it without having to sound like I'm just messing around or putting on.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I like to be comfortable. That's why ninety-nine percent of the time I act and talk the way I do.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But if I'm someplace that a {NS} I don't what kinda of place it'd be in but if I feel like I gotta act like I gotta have a little sense people don't realize if the more we are we act that way all the time just being {NS: comfortable}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Ah. Well I get stiff with 'em and its not I don't have to force it. I can act Easterner or whatever you want to call it. big shot or something if I have to talk proper and there's nothing wrong with talking properly. It just it's easier to talk this way. To me.
Interviewer:  Do you try to change your pronunciation a little bit or? When you?
911:  What I maybe what I try and do is drop the drawl or the slur. Whatever it is if I feel like I need to be understood or if it's people I really don't know how to explain it. I don't know whether you are getting what I'm #1 talking about. I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 No I think # I understand what your saying. Would
911:  I'm not self-conscience of it. I'm going places in the world and talk to anybody the way I am talking now. #1 Less like #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  I oughta and I don't, the word dress it up isn't right. It it just hard to explain.
Interviewer:  Do you um. Where have you been that you feel like people if they find out you're from Texas or um you know or from the South if you'd consider this the South um that they're sort of you know make fun of you? Where
911:  Oh it never bothered me if anybody made fun of me. I don't change it cuz I figured somebody is going to make fun of me. That's not the point. That's ah I've never changed a way of doing something or talking cuz I figured somebody is gonna make fun of me
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  it hurts myself. I don't think I'm explaining it too good. Uh Um.. I really don't know how to explain it. I don't know. I can't pinpoint just single instance and say well at this certain place will I try to talk different then I do uh
Interviewer:  {D:Do you still go places that it's appropriate} just to?
911:  Just to probably to stand up there and talk a little louder and a little clearer and not use word like store bought or yonder or y'all. You know and and refer {NS} to friend to how about {NS} well whatever would come to mind at the proper time. {NS} But usually the way I am I'll if I'm going figure I'm gonna have to do all that kinda stuff I won't go anyway.
Interviewer:  {NW}
911:  So it doesn't come up too often.
Interviewer:  {NW} You like traveling much?`
911:  Not very much. I really don't.
Interviewer:  {NW}
911:  Ah...I don't know. It just {NS} I just never cared a whole lot about it. and see pictures of things and then get people get all hepped up right away they want to go see the real thing. I just don't care much about it. Um. To me to get in a car and go five or six hundred miles. That's a drag. That's a pain to me. After I get there I don't care much about it. I just want I'm dreading having to get in that car and go back to the house.
Interviewer:  {NW}
911:  Uh I took that trip last Summer to California. I drove about three four hundred miles a day.
Interviewer:  Mm.
911:  and found a place to stop and just took it easy. Now people take that trip and drive twelve fourteen hours breaking their neck to get there. If I gotta do that, I won't go. I hate it. {NW} Sitting in that car for that many hours just tears me up. I'll go as far as I feel like I want to and find a nice place where I can sit down and relax and go to bed early and get up the next morning and get going some more but those crash trips these people take they just don't have enough money to get me to go.
Interviewer:  Yeah I know what you mean about that.
911:  Well I just don't care. I don't like airplanes either. It has to be an emergency to get me on a airplane
Interviewer:  {NW}
911:  So I suppose if I liked airplanes I might wanna But no I can't say that. That if I liked airplanes I might wanna might wanna travel more. Traveling just doesn't do a whole lot for me. I like it where I am and that's fine. Every once and a while I enjoy a trip. We took last Summer. Saw a bunch a things, I can talk about. Now I enjoyed Los Vegas. I might go back there. But I got a lot gamble to me {NW}
Interviewer:  Gambling's not legal in Texas is it?
911:  No. Doggone. I better not say that on tape. It's not but it's controlled gambling there's nothing wrong with it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  They say it's bad. Yeah Los Vegas mafia and all that kinda stuff gets in there and tears you up some but I'll tell you what they got they ante up pretty good to the state taxes off all that gambling and stuff. I don't see Los Vegas sinking into the ocean or anything like that. And I don't ever see Los Vegas up on the head of the list when they put out the crime rate statistics. Those people they keep the house clean.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And and certain places control property that just I just people gonna gamble. Whether you legalize it or don't legalize it. People will gamble. I know some guys that will that will gamble on on two cockroaches running across the table or every football game that comes along every baseball game that comes along. They go on the golf course and if you can't if they can't play for fifty dollars they won't play. Just not going to do it for fun. I won't do it. Now that's not to say that I gotta go out there and bet the house but two or five dollars or ten dollars I'll go play golf. but a man come to me and says let's play golf and the first thing I'm gonna say how much you gonna play for?
Interviewer:  That's legal isn't it? Just
911:  Well between yourselves.
Interviewer:  Mm-mm.
911:  But a man tell me go out and play golf for fun I'm gonna stay at the house. and I'm not trying to make a living at it, but I got when I am. but I've got to have something to play for. Now I can have some playing cards.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  If it's somebody I want to beat real bad. Well I can get enough going right there to play. I don't need to play for money. But I just like to play for a little money. It just seems to juices thing up a little bit. {NS} But a
Interviewer:  What about the horse racing. Didn't they vote?
911:  No they voted that down too. I don't care anything about that. I don't like horse race. If they put a horse racing in here. I don't understand it. I never tried to learn it because I've never had a chance to do it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  If they had legalized it and put horse racing in down here
Interviewer:  #1 {NS} #
911:  #2 I'd expect I'd learn # about all this two dollar stuff and when to place in show business and go do a little but Oh and I'd probably like it then. #1 but I just #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  I think I've been once. And a I was quarter horse racing. I've been to a quarter horse races. I've never been to a pure breed race.
Interviewer:  Quarter horse racing is real fast isn't it?
911:  Yeah they just race a short distance. You've lost your money before you know the race started. {NW} But a I don't know. Oh it just fun. Those people control the state it took years and years to get liquor by the drink. and it hadn't ruined the state. They're picking a bunch of tax money now this isn't doing you any good here is it?
Interviewer:  Oh go ahead. But they didn't used to have liquor #1 by the drink #
911:  #2 by the # drink. No you could go to the liquor store and buy a bottle but you couldn't go in bar and buy anything but a glass of beer. You couldn't sell you liquor by the drink. Unless it private club. Then it costs you a bunch of money to join because they had to pay thousands of dollars to get a license. {NS} Now they have legalized liquor by the drink well it's pure stupid not to have it because now a man will go in a bar and drink two or three drinks and go home. Before that he'd go {NS} a whole bottle and {D: bottle himself} up out of his skull. {NW} So i- it's a certain religious organization that a got pretty good control of the state of Texas and they whip that stuff around pretty good. They're fitting gambling too but Their the ones that sneak out behind the barn and do all this stuff before anybody else and they always saying their against it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I don't #1 want to step on any. #
Interviewer:  #2 What's it like just #
911:  Now I don't want to step on any toes, you may be one. {NW}
Interviewer:  Now what a around here I guess the majority of people are Catholic?
911:  Yeah but the Baptists got hold of the state by the throat. You Baptist?
Interviewer:  No.
911:  Now, they got #1 by the state by the #
Interviewer:  #2 I figured it'd be less #
911:  throat and they just against everything but they're the first ones that'll do it when it shows up. {NW} They go out of town to do it, but they just {NW} When I- When I was growing up around here the Baptist preacher in town is just We getting off subject here that I'm liable to say something better not go on that tape but {NS} It just it just ridiculous {NS} there's just nothing wrong with legalized controlled gambling because people are gonna gamble. There's a guy that's gonna pick up his pay check on Saturday and he's gonna lose it. Whether it's legal or not.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And might as well get the state get some benefit out of it. But they don't want it. #1 Try now #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh so #
911:  #1 I'm #
Interviewer:  #2 gambling # Do you like? Just
911:  Mainly I like to play cards. I like to gamble on the golf course but aside from that I like to play cards I like to shoot the dice a little bit but I pace myself. I don't ever lose anymore than I can afford. I'm not gonna lose the grocery money but there's there's some guys that they gonna get paid on Saturday and they'll find a way to lose it Saturday afternoon. See you might as well take it from him and let the next man they gon- they going to blow it they gonna find a dice game or card game they gonna lose that money before the sun sets on pay day. and a so all I'm saying is if there were three or four Los Vegas' in the state of Texas I think it would be a good but like around Houston. Maybe around Houston, Dallas and San Antonio. Have you know I'm not necessarily for scattering it all over the state. If they could build us some nice casinos around well I just don't see anything wrong with it. but if people are going to go in there and get themselves in trouble and lose more than they can afford to. Well they were gonna do that anyway.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  They just costing them money to get to Los Vegas to do it now. But I'll say that that there's some people that, this a low income area. Down here.
Interviewer:  So around Brownsville?
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Is there #
911:  #2 Is that all #
Interviewer:  Anywhere around the border?
911:  Yeah well around Brownsville {X} and there's Rio Grande Valley it's all it's getting up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But it- it's just historically been a low income area. and those low income people if they had a place to shoot dice on a Saturday night they'd never get home with a penny in their pay check.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Now you don't legalized gambling to that extent here. Those poor people get wiped out. They'd lose their house car and everything else.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
911:  A they do it now at the beer parlor. {NW} Sure don't publicize this thing. But I know these people. They get paid on Saturday and take fifteen dollars home with the old ladies so she can buy groceries for the week and they go drink the rest of it up. If there was gambling they'd go gamble it up. {NS} So that's why I say to scatter something like that down here it might be kinda bad. Uh.
Interviewer:  What about in Mexico? Is it legal there?
911:  I don't think so. I think horse races those are dog racing. something is legal in Mexico. I don't think wide open casino gambling is legal though. and that's where {X} but if Mexico would open that up along the border they'd really drag it in. If they'd legalized gambling in the border towns like right here in {X} and Loredo and across from El Paso, holy smokes. Make people drag all their money within smelling distance of the border.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
911:  #2 I # I don't know why they don't do it. Course I'd be afraid to gamble in Mexico.
Interviewer:  What does?
911:  I don't know. I'd have to be able to be pretty close to that bridge. If I was to go over there and some cat over there see me hauling a couple thousand dollars at dice table I'd be a little scared of walking across the parking lot. {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NS} Um talking about bread. Um Something th- that's round and has a whole in the center.
911:  Doughnut.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any other names for doughnut?
911:  Mm. All words I've heard but don't use if you call 'em I'll tell you you've heard 'em but I don't ever remember using anything but doughnut.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about something that you make up a batter and fry three or four of these and?
911:  Fritters?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any other name for that?
911:  I just usually call 'em fritters no I don't know Fritters I don't ever remember eating 'em more than just a few times #1 but I #
Interviewer:  #2 what # What about something you eat with syrup and
911:  Pancakes.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. That's different from fritters?
911:  {NW} Yeah. Fritters are little smaller and have a little rougher to 'em. I think.
Interviewer:  And talking about how much flour would be in sack you say a sack might have ten?
911:  Pounds.
Interviewer:  And the inside part of the egg is the?
911:  Yolk.
Interviewer:  What color is that?
911:  Yellow.
Interviewer:  And if you cook them in water you call this?
911:  Hard boiled.
Interviewer:  Hard boiled
911:  Eggs.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What if you crack them and let them fall out of the shell into hot water?
911:  Well I'm gonna have to guess is that called is that poached?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And do you ever see a hog peeled?
911:  A hog?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  I saw one. Never want to see another one particularly. I don't that kind of stuff I saw one killed one time that old boy tryna kill it with a sledgehammer. Hit it over the head about six times. The poor thing wouldn't die.
Interviewer:  Mm.
911:  but that's kinda a poor way to do it.
Interviewer:  Did you see 'em cut 'em up or?
911:  No. I am against violence. {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call the the kind of pork that you can use for cooking with beans or something? the the salt
911:  Oh. Uh I don't know what you call it. {X} comes in pork chops that little bitty pieces of of bacon?
Interviewer:  Well, do you ever hear of side meat or salt pork or side belly or fat back?
911:  Yeah. I've heard all those. But I don't remember ever using 'em for anything I've heard one place or another {X} what you said fat uh fat back?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Yeah I don't remember ever using it in particularly though.
Interviewer:  What do you call a side of the hog? What do you call that?
911:  The side?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Talking about the ribs?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And the kind of meat that you buy already sliced to eat with eggs?
911:  {NW} Bacon?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever hear people talk about a side of bacon or the middle of the bacon?
911:  No. I've heard of talking about a side of bacon
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about that outside part that you cut off before you slice it?
911:  The fat on a bacon now?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  The outside parts cut off.. I don't know the fat?
Interviewer:  Well no it's actually the animal's skin.
911:  Skin.
Interviewer:  You call that the?
911:  Hide.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever hear it called the bacon rind or #1 pig skin? #
911:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Bacon rind? Yeah.
Interviewer:  And the person who kills and sells meat is a?
911:  butcher.
Interviewer:  and if meat's been kept too long you say that it's?
911:  Spoiled. {NW}
Interviewer:  And a kind of um you could take the trimmings and slice 'em up and grind 'em and stuff them in in the intestines and you'd call that?
911:  I don't know but I wouldn't eat it.
Interviewer:  What about um something that you eat besides bacon.
911:  Sausage?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
911:  I don't like it very much. Just from what you said I go ahead. {NW}
Interviewer:  What inside parts of the hog can people eat?
911:  I don't know because I won't touch it with a ten foot pole.
Interviewer:  You don't like hog meat at all?
911:  Yeah but I don't like that inside stuff. You talking about the tripe?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  No I never have and never will.
Interviewer:  What is the tripe now? That's
911:  Its intestines, isn't it? Cut up.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  no ma'am
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of chip?
911:  Chitlins?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Well I just heard of it. It's a Southern expression isn't it?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Kidding around about Southerns and talk about what is it? Chitlins and greens or something.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. People don't eat either of those around here?
911:  Oh I eat greens. I like that. but yeah I imagine I might eat a Oh there is a Mexican dish called menudo {C: Spanish} It's kinda a soup. It's got cow tripe floating around in it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Oh, well I don't go for that. I just gotta I know I just #1 Don't #
Interviewer:  #2 Just #
911:  #1 care #
Interviewer:  #2 the thought of it # of it or?
911:  I suppose. {X} Tell me it's good but I don't care for it. I guess it's the thought of it It's a mental thing but I don't like that kinda stuff.
Interviewer:  What kinds of greens do people eat around here? {NS}
911:  Hmm. Spinach mustard greens. I guess what we'd call mustard greens or collared greens or just pure greens.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 And then um. # Um. {X} spinach and greens and and um. Come on you tell me. Cuz I don't ever remember it.
Interviewer:  What is that? Turnip.
911:  Turnip greens and seems to me there's another one. Well I guess turnip greens cuz I was trying to {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do ever hear people talk about the half {D:slit} or the liver and the likes? Of a hog.
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And after you kill a hog what can you do make with the meat from its head?
911:  Oh lord. I don't know. Oh you barbecue the darn thing or something. I saw one one time, but I didn't eat any.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of- of head cheese or #1 sounds #
911:  #2 Yeah # I've heard of head cheese. Figured that's what it was. I Never eaten any.
Interviewer:  What about some scrapple or {D:pawn hot}? Have you ever heard of that?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What about from the hog's liver? What can you make?
911:  {NW} Why we are getting onto another subject that I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay. Mov-
911:  {NW} I'm just you kidding I don't know.
Interviewer:  You'll love this one. What about the blood?
911:  {NS} I suppose in people that eat that rest of the stuff make gravy out of it. I don't know. {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of blood sausage or blood pudding?
911:  No. Thank the lord no I haven't.
Interviewer:  {NS} And say if you had some butter that was kept
911:  #1 too long. #
Interviewer:  #2 You mean to #
911:  tell me that actually some people cook meat with hog blood? I didn't think #1 that. #
Interviewer:  #2 They catch # it right after they when they cut the hog. It bleeds a lot. They catch it then and
911:  #1 {D:Shoo-weeh} #
Interviewer:  #2 Say there's #
911:  I never been that hungry.
Interviewer:  I've- I've never eaten it either but {NS} I think it would be kinda dangerous. because I am not sure I if you there may be some laws related to that now or selling it or something because th- the blood would would tend to, you know? Carry disease and things. I think more than
911:  I guess. {NW}
Interviewer:  but
911:  I don't know. We don't have to worry about me breaking that law. {NW}
Interviewer:  What about if butter was kept too long and it didn't taste right? You would say it was?
911:  Oh I don't know. Would the word rancid would fit there I guess. Or Spoiled I'd probably say spoiled.
Interviewer:  What about milk that um?
911:  soured.
Interviewer:  Well not soured really but you let it get thick. You call it?
911:  Cream.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever get #
911:  #2 clabbered? #
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Clabbered.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What's clabbered milk like?
911:  Spoiled. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear about people making anything out of that?
911:  Yeah. Well that's uh That's whipped cream, isn't it? Whipping cream.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Isn't that
Interviewer:  Any kinda cheese they make out of
911:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 it? #
911:  I don't know about it but there's a cheese they make out of it, spoiled stuff.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And the first thing you have to do after milking to get the impurities out you have to? {NW} {NS}
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well sometimes people would take a real fine cloth and they
911:  Oh, strain it.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And {NS} kinda fruit that that's a kinda citrus fruit that grows and in some sections of Texas.
911:  Oranges.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Say you had a bowl of oranges and you went to get one and there weren't any left? You'd say the oranges are
911:  Gone.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and
911:  Or all gone. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear just say they're all?
911:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 Say they're # all gone?
911:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Say that if your um cooking bacon as you are cooking it the bacon gets smaller you'd say it does what?
911:  Shrinks.
Interviewer:  Or another word for that.
911:  Yeah I know but I don't know what it is.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say swivel or shrivel or?
911:  Shrivel yeah. Shriveled up.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
911:  More often than not. {X} I've heard it used that way, shriveled up.
Interviewer:  What would you, what have you heard it used about with?
911:  I suppose with something like bacon. Shrinking when you
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  When you cook. It's shriveled up. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the inside part of the cherry?
911:  The seed.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Have you ever heard another name for that?
911:  Pit.
Interviewer:  What about bone?
911:  No, I don't think so. {NS}
Interviewer:  And in a peach? {NS}
911:  Well there again, seed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about that part inside the seed?
911:  Peach seed?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever crack one open?
911:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And there's one kind of um peach that you have to cut the seed out of. It's real hard to get the- the meat off the seed.
911:  You're looking for a kind of peach?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. A name for that #1 type. #
911:  #2 Yeah. # No, I don't know.
Interviewer:  What about a- a peach that comes free of the seed real easy?
911:  Mm
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a queen peach or pressed peach or free stone peach or?
911:  Free stone. But I never knew what it meant. Now I've just seen things that are free stoned. Peaches I guess you'd talking about the ones that come off real easy then. Maybe I that's what would be my association. I just heard peaches. {NS} But I've heard that word, yeah. That one of the which ones you read off.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} What about the part of the apple that you don't eat?
911:  The core.
Interviewer:  And when you cut up apples and dry them you say you were making? {NS} {NS}
911:  Beats me.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear them called schnitz?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What kinds of nuts grow around here? Or would people at the store?
911:  the only kind I know of that that grows around here and it doesn't grow much is a few few trees pecans.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And walnuts you can buy in the store they don't grow around here though. unless you buy them all any kind you want at the store. Only kind I ever seen grown here are pecans.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What other nuts would people get at the store?
911:  Peanuts walnuts hickory nuts. {NW}
Interviewer:  What about a- a nut that is kinda shaped like your eye?
911:  And light brown color? Almond.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And any other name for peanuts?
911:  Well. Not around here. I guess maybe I've have heard the word what is it goober?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I've heard that. Never used it. I've heard someplace call 'em goober and I don't know where but I just to me they're just peanuts
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about um you know what a walnut? Do you ever see one that just came off the tree?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  Well um. So well to open it you'd you'd have to crack the? {NS} Or a pecan you'd have to crack the?
911:  Oh. {NS} I don't know what I'd call that. I know what it's called but it's not the seed it's uh covering I don't know what the word is but
Interviewer:  Would you call it a shell or a hull or a ?
911:  uh probably hull, yeah. Okay.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Hull.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And what sorts of things would people raise in a garden around here?
911:  You want specific things?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Tomatoes carrots cucumbers onions radish. Um maybe a little corn. Hmm. {NS} That's about it.
Interviewer:  What do you call the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? {NS}
911:  Corn on the cob {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it called roasted ears?
911:  Roasted ears yeah.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing?
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What about the green covering on the corn?
911:  I guess again we'd go back to hull. I don't know. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the stringy stuff?
911:  Corn silk.
Interviewer:  And to say it grows at the top- top of the corn stalk?
911:  We're talking about the corn? The top of the stalk?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Just the little What about on a graduate cap the thing that hangs down?
911:  Oh. {NS} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it called a tassel?
911:  #1 Tassel. #
Interviewer:  #2 Or tassel #
911:  Yeah. tassel. okay tassel.
Interviewer:  And you mentioned um tomatoes what do you call ones that don't get bigger than this?
911:  Mm cherry tomatoes.
Interviewer:  What about the kind of onions that you pull up and eat before they get big? {NS} Do you know what I mean?
911:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Those
911:  The little bitty ones.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
911:  I don't know what their called. Those are the long ones with just little bitty round {X} I don't know what you call those.
Interviewer:  And you'd say along with your meat you might have a baked
911:  Potato.
Interviewer:  What different kinds of potatoes are there? {NS}
911:  Well there's the little bitty new potatoes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Small red ones kinda. And then just regular potato. As you call it, Idaho potato.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Regular is what we make a baked potato out of.
Interviewer:  What about the potatoes that are red on the inside?
911:  Red on the inside?
Interviewer:  Sort of orange on the inside.
911:  Oh um. um. Sweet potato, yam?
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing?
911:  Yeah to me it is.
Interviewer:  And a- a leafy vegetable that grows like this?
911:  Cabbage.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And
911:  You might could grow some of that in that garden too, I forgot that.
Interviewer:  Say if you saw several of those you would say um? These
911:  Heads of cabbage.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Would you ever use the word heads when talking about children? So if someone had five children you'd say they have five heads of children?
911:  I never have.
Interviewer:  What about if someone had about fourteen children? You'd say he really had a {NW} What of children?
911:  A bunch.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever hear people say a passel?
911:  Yeah I've heard it.
Interviewer:  How was people use that?
911:  Same way. It's a passel of kids over there.
Interviewer:  Anything else they'd say about the size of kids?
911:  Oh yeah oh. Put it to just about anything. {NW} {X} You could {X} lots of things just almost thing where there was a bunch. You'd call it a passel of cows or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh just pretty darn anything. Now well I wouldn't say anything. You, I would couldn't see putting it to uh well like these cans of soda pop. There are a whole bunch of them. Now I don't necessarily think that's a that's a passel of soda pops over there. I don't think I'd say that. I don't know how you'd define it down in. I guess maybe more into moving living things is where I'd put passel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I might be wrong but that is as close as I can come.
Interviewer:  What if you were talking about say land someone had about five, six hundred acres. You'd say he had a
911:  and you might could put that there. passel, You might put passel on in there I don't know that I would.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say right smart?
911:  Oh yeah that's a right smart. oh. {NS} Automobile.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  House.
Interviewer:  What #1 about right #
911:  #2 clothes #
Interviewer:  smart meaning a lot? It's a right
911:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Sm- # smart
911:  right That's a right smart bunch of land over there. But I don't use it I don't use it much at all. #1 I don't #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  Can't think of the last time I did use it. But I've heard it used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And something that um. Kinda vegetable that's green it's kinda long it's sort of bristly outside and sticky inside?
911:  Bristly outside and sticky inside? Okra.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And what different kinds of beans grow around here?
911:  Mm..
Interviewer:  Or people get at the store?
911:  Green beans like lima beans.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {NW} Pinto beans kidney beans. Oh, pork and beans. {NW} What else, I don't know.
Interviewer:  If you want to get the beans out of the pot you say you have to? What the beans?
911:  Hmm you got me.
Interviewer:  You say you have to shell 'em or hull?
911:  #1 Oh, shell them. #
Interviewer:  #2 Hull them. #
911:  Okay, I'd say shell. #1 If you #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
911:  Problem here is you getting into stuff that I just {NW} it just nothing I ever use. #1 You know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Hmm-mm. #
911:  The minute you say 'em I know what but it just words that I wouldn't use. The minute you say it I'd say who yeah I've heard somebody say shell these beans but You know that's why they don't come to mind real quick.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of butter beans?
911:  Oh yeah, yellow ones?
Interviewer:  They're different from lima beans?
911:  A little bigger, different color.
Interviewer:  What color are lima?
911:  Green.
Interviewer:  What's the difference between green beans and string beans or snap beans?
911:  Green beans or What'd you say green beans or what?
Interviewer:  String beans or snap beans.
911:  Well green beans what I'm more familiar with that's the long round one or even the short round ones with kinda a dark green
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you eat the pod and everything?
911:  Yeah. Alright that's string bean that's what I am most familiar with. Now you mentioned a snap beans or uh what was the other?
Interviewer:  Green bean
911:  green bean Green beans and string beans to me are the same thing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I imagine maybe snap greens are the same thing, I don't use it though.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Um little crooked necked vegetables? The little yellow crocked necked
911:  Squash.
Interviewer:  What different kinds?
911:  well They're green and yellow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  it's usually called a sometimes I heard people refer to the uh. Well there's another kind that's green and stri- it's striped. {NW} I've heard that referred to as Mexican squash.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  The other is just squash. Yellow squash or green squash.
Interviewer:  What about something that um the white flat kind of squash. Do you ever see that? {NS}
911:  White flat. {NW} Round?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Well very similar to the little green one isn't it? I guess. {X} I guess I've seen it good
Interviewer:  Any special name for it?
911:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  What about something you make pie out of at Thanksgiving?
911:  Pumpkin.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And the little umbrella shaped things that grows out in the fields after it rains?
911:  Toad stool mushroom.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing?
911:  No {X} me mushroom's edible toadstool's poisonous.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What different kinds of melons do people get around here?
911:  Watermelon mushmelon, cantaloupe.
Interviewer:  What's the difference between a mushmelon and a cantaloupe?
911:  Well a cantaloupe is what kinda of tannish orange on the inside and mushmelon is green.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. On the inside or?
911:  No, what is it? I don't know well that if I ever saw mushmelon that's white on the inside.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  I don't know, I don't remember the last one I ate. I like cantaloupe but I
Interviewer:  Are they about the same shape or?
911:  No mushmelon is rounder isn't it? I don't know been a long time since I've seen a mushmelon. {NS}
Interviewer:  Is that? What about the honey?
911:  Honey dew?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  That's yellow isn't it?
Interviewer:  That's different from- from the mushmelon too?
911:  I think so. {NS}
Interviewer:  Something that people smoke would be?
911:  Cigarettes?
Interviewer:  and?
911:  Tobacco.
Interviewer:  Well #1 cigarettes #
911:  #2 cigars #
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Cigars.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and if someone asks you if you were able to do something you would say sure I
911:  I can.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and if you weren't able to you would say no I
911:  No I can't.
Interviewer:  And if you just refuse to. They ask you will you do it?
911:  No I won't.
Interviewer:  And you'd say um there was a really bad accident up the road but there wasn't any need to call the doctor because when we got there the people were what dead
911:  People were all dead.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do you ever say they were done dead?
911:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 They're # already dead.
911:  Mm-mm. Done dead. No I don't believe so.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people use the word done like that?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And say the child was misbehaving you'd tell 'em you are not doing what you?
911:  should.
Interviewer:  Or what you what to do?
911:  ought to do?
Interviewer:  And say the child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he?
911:  shouldn't have.
Interviewer:  Or he
911:  shouldn't of
Interviewer:  But using the word ought. He did something that he
911:  oughtn't to have
Interviewer:  and
911:  Or oughtn't have
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  oughtn't to have
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And someone asks you about the possibility of you doing something like helping them with some work next or something. You'd say? Well I am not sure if I can help you but I
911:  #1 Um. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um. # I might
911:  be able to
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do you ever say I might could? {NS}
911:  No. I might could Oh I don't think so. I've heard it. I might could help you. Now if I used it I wouldn't I don't think I'd end the sentence there. #1 The way you #
Interviewer:  #2 How #
911:  said a I might could
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I I would probably be inclined to tack on the I might could help you
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I just don't think I'd leave it hanging right there with might could.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  It just seems strange.
Interviewer:  Can you say you throw a ball and ask anybody to?
911:  Catch it.
Interviewer:  And I threw the ball and he?
911:  Caught it.
Interviewer:  And I have been fishing but I haven't
911:  caught anything {NS}
Interviewer:  And say that would be a hard mountain to
911:  climb.
Interviewer:  But last year my neighbor
911:  climbed it
Interviewer:  But I have never
911:  climbed it.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And the kind of bird that can see in the dark?
911:  An owl.
Interviewer:  What different kinds of owls are there?
911:  Huh? {NS} Well let's see, I'm just to me their owls. Now I've heard of screech owls and hoot owls. Don't ask me what the difference is cuz I don't know.
Interviewer:  Hmm-hmm. You ever heard any superstitions about owls?
911:  Hmm. Superstitions about owls? Seems like I have. Seems like I have heard superstitions about owls {X} What the wise there supposed to be wise old owl. Is that what you mean by superstition?
Interviewer:  Yeah just- just different things like that.
911:  Yeah I've heard that. {X} ever heard anything else.
Interviewer:  What about a kind of bird that drills holes in trees?
911:  Woodpecker.
Interviewer:  Any other name for them?
911:  No woodpecker.
Interviewer:  You ever heard 'em called peckerwood?
911:  Yeah. But I don't ever use {NW} I've heard the word never used it so much to get about that bird pecking on that tree that's a woodpecker
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Some guy that's getting in my hair bothering me or that I am not too crazy about I am liable to call him a peckerwood.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Is it a very insulting word?
911:  It is when I use it like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What about a black and white animal that's got a real strong smell?
911:  Well I might let me go back I might use that kidding around with somebody.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But uh if I put it to somebody I am not kidding with I mean it pretty strong.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Now what now? {X}
Interviewer:  A black and white animal that's got a strong smell?
911:  Skunk or a polecat.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing?
911:  To me it is. I'd say skunk.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about a bushy tailed animal that can get up into trees?
911:  Squirrel.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What different kinds?
911:  Well around here there's mostly just little bitty ground squirrels.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  We don't have those big furry tailed tree squirrels too much. Mostly just those little bitty gray ones blowing holes in the ground
Interviewer:  Do they have stripes on their back?
911:  There's a dark stripe on the back of 'em I think.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Is it the same as a chipmunk?
911:  No I don't think so. {X} I don't know of any chipmunks around here either. {NS} But they're different from squirrels I think.
Interviewer:  What kinds of fish do people get in this area?
911:  Oh hell. {NS} Trout red fish red snapper catfish mullets bass. and I don't know there's a bunch more but I'm not a fisherman.
Interviewer:  Are those saltwater or ?
911:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  But what about freshwater?
911:  Well not much freshwater around here to fish in. Most of the fishing I ever hear up down here done out in the bay {X} you don't want to go.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Saltwater now they are getting these resacas and catch catfish and resacas if there's if they're freshwater cat like you'd catch resacas you can eat them. people people tend to not eat saltwater catfish though. {NS}
Interviewer:  If you wanted to go fishing then what is something you could dig up to go fishing with?
911:  A worm.
Interviewer:  Differ- are there different kinds or?
911:  I don't know I just a long reddish ones I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  {NS} Um. You were talking about the fish. And then what else do they get from the gulf besides fish?
911:  Shrimp. You talking about edible stuff? Shrimp crab.
Interviewer:  Say if you wanted to buy some of that you'd ask for two or three pounds {C: loud noise}
911:  Shrimp. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about something that comes in shells?
911:  Clam.
Interviewer:  {NW}
911:  #1 Crab #
Interviewer:  #2 something # That pearls grow in.
911:  Oh a a oyster.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And what would you hear making a big noise around a lake at night?
911:  {NS} Frogs.
Interviewer:  What do you call the big ones?
911:  Bullfrogs.
Interviewer:  What about the other kinds of frogs? {NS}
911:  Hold on call 'em?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Just frogs. Well a some people call 'em toads I think. I don't know why they don't just call 'em frogs.
Interviewer:  The ones that hop around on the land. You call those? Toads or frogs?
911:  I'd call 'em frogs. #1 I #
Interviewer:  #2 What about # the the little green ones? That get up in the trees and come out after it rains? {NS}
911:  I don't know if we have those around here. Little green ones. Yeah I guess suppose we do but {NS} I think I'd just still 'em frogs you throw me another name out there and I would probably recognize it but
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of spring frogs or rain frogs or?
911:  No. No I don't recognize it.
Interviewer:  And something that you'd find in a in a freshwater stream that looks kinda like a lobster.
911:  {NS} Crawfish.
Interviewer:  And a hard shelled animal that can its neck and legs into its shell?
911:  Oh a turtle.
Interviewer:  This is fo- what different kinds are there? {NS}
911:  Well around here mostly the ones I've seen are the those hard shelled ones that um {NS} and then those little flat shelled ones.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But the only two around here. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about the ones that get in the water?
911:  {NS} Well both of those get in the water. {NS} In resacas you find both of those.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Especially those little soft shell ones.
Interviewer:  {NS} What about one that just stays on land? {NW}
911:  You looking for another name?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I don't know. I don't know that we have any around here that stay just on land.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a turtle called a gopher or cooter or terrapin?
911:  I've heard of the word terrapin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But I- I've heard the other two. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you use the word terrapin yourself?
911:  No I don't think. no I don't know that I ever have no.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And {NS} you say um horses gallop but people?
911:  Run.
Interviewer:  And you say he he was feeling so good that he what all the way home?
911:  Ran all the way home.
Interviewer:  And you'd say he has?
911:  Run all the way home.
Interviewer:  And {NS} you'd say a bee stung me in my hand. {NS}
911:  Hurt.
Interviewer:  It got bigger.
911:  Swole up.
Interviewer:  And it's still pretty badly?
911:  Swollen.
Interviewer:  And if a bee stings you your hand will?
911:  Swell up.
Interviewer:  And say you got someone some medicine you go in and say why haven't you? What your medicine?
911:  Why haven't you taken your medicine?
Interviewer:  And the person would say I already?
911:  Took it.
Interviewer:  And in another hour I'll?
911:  Take it again.
Interviewer:  And a kind of insect that flies around the light and tries to fly into it? {NS} It tries like say if you leave a- a light on.
911:  Oh. #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 bug? # Uh-huh.
911:  A particular kind of bug?
Interviewer:  It is attracted to light. {NS} {NS}
911:  I don't know what they are. They are bugs.
Interviewer:  What about an insect that eats holes in your wool clothes?
911:  Moth.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And talking about several of those you are taking about several?
911:  Moths.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a candle fly or moth miller or? It's a kind of insect that flies around the light.
911:  Yeah miller I've never heard of it till I've heard it from my wife though. I don't know what we call 'em. Just call 'em bugs or moths.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  She calls 'em millers. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about the insect that has a little light in its tail?
911:  Lightning bug.
Interviewer:  Is that the one that has a light in its tail or in its eyes?
911:  No in its tail.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see one that has a- a light in its eyes?
911:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And the kind of insect that flies around at night and bites you and make you #1 itchy? #
911:  #2 Mosquito. #
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Mosquito. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about a a tiny red insect that'll get on your skin?
911:  Chigger.
Interviewer:  Any other name for that?
911:  Red bug.
Interviewer:  {NS:background noise} Which would you be more likely to use?
911:  Red bug probably.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And a insect that hops around in the grass?
911:  Grasshopper.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear 'em called a hoppergrass?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  {NS: background noise} And if your were gonna go fishing a- a small fish you could use for bait?
911:  A minnow.
Interviewer:  And if you haven't cleaned a room in a long time up in the ceiling in the corner you might find a?
911:  Cobweb.
Interviewer:  {NS} And outside on a on a bush you might find a? {NS} Something similar to that stretched across a bush?
911:  {NS} It'd be the same thing.
Interviewer:  You'd call it a cobweb whether it's inside or outside?
911:  Yes. {NS} Mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  Does that have a spider in it?
911:  Most often.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And an insect that um is about this size a couple inches long or so its got four shiny wings on it? And its got sort of a hard little beck to it? It'll be around damp places.
911:  Mud dauber a wasp a yellow jacket.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Hornet.
Interviewer:  What about a um talking about the wasp talking about about several of those you'd be talking about several?
911:  Wasps.
Interviewer:  Does a mud dauber sting you? {NW}
911:  Mm yeah to me a mud dauber is just about the same thing as a yellow jacket.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 Pretty # close.
Interviewer:  Where does a yellow jacket build a nest?
911:  Usually under the eaves of the house.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS:birds} Well a do you ever hear of um a kind of insect that won't sting you but it's about this long or so? {NS}
911:  In the same family as these wasps or hornets?
Interviewer:  #1 I don't #
911:  #2 or #
Interviewer:  I don't know think its really related to-
911:  A bee.
Interviewer:  #1 A Do you ever hear of a #
911:  #2 a bee #
Interviewer:  a dragonfly?
911:  Oh yeah a dragonfly. We got a lot of them around here.
Interviewer:  Any other name for dragonfly? {NS}
911:  I don't think so. The little things you talking about I always called 'em dragonflies.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about snake doctor or snake feeder or mosquito hawk?
911:  Never heard of that.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear darning needle? {NW}
911:  For an animal? An insect?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Uh-uh.
Interviewer:  {NS} And um the parts of the tree that grow under the ground are called the
911:  The roots.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine?
911:  {NW} {NS} Roots or vine? {NS} I suppose I've heard of it Roots and vines. Like herbs and stuff like that? Family home remedies? I don't know specifically which ones though. {NS}
Interviewer:  Are any people around here that maybe that the Latin people are- are they very superstitious or? Do they try to?
911:  I think that they there you go back to the older ones a old superstitions and stuff like that {NS} a about home cures and stuff like that maybe some. {NW} {D: not over the} the majority of those people are are catholics.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {D:And I ain't got} it takes a lot of that superstition business out of 'em maybe. but not hey I would not say they were overly superstitious no.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about the evil eye? Do people believe in that much here?
911:  No. Not to my knowledge.
Interviewer:  Have you heard of it?
911:  The ojo malo {C: Spanish}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NW}
911:  Oh kidding around now. Not anything serious though.
Interviewer:  How's that how's the evil eye supposed to effect you? How's? {NW}
911:  Oh I guess it's like a curse I suppose. Put the evil eye on you but I never heard of it being {NS} any big thing or practice around here. I heard that expression ojo malo {C: Spanish} possibly way back yonder they may have had something that they talked about but I'm not
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  not that I'm familiar with. {NS}
Interviewer:  The kinda tree that you tap for syrup? {NS}
911:  {NW:grunt} {NS} Maple tree.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What would you call a big group of those growing together? {NS}
911:  Huh. {NS} I don't know. There aren't any around here. {NS}
Interviewer:  What kind of trees grow around here?
911:  Ebony Mesquite Retama Huisache um. Well other than your citrus trees and a few avocado trees and {NW} mainly mainly mesquite and ebony.
Interviewer:  What about the re-?
911:  Retama?
Interviewer:  What does that look like?
911:  {NW} Oh it's it's not a big tree. It's got yellow flowers on it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Is it good for anything?
911:  No. Yellow flowers. I don't know anything that it's good for.
Interviewer:  I mean it's not good lumber or anything like that?
911:  I've never heard of that. No. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about a tree that is a shade tree? It's got long white limbs and white scaly bark that you can peel off? It's got little knobs or balls growing on it.
911:  {NS} Hackberry?
Interviewer:  No something.
911:  Hackberry that's one I forgot grows around here a lot. But I don't know this one you're talking about. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a Syc-
911:  Sycamore!
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Not around here.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear that called a button wood tree or plain tree?
911:  Yeah button wood tree. Something happened under the button wood tree. Oh they formed the New York Stock Exchange under a button wood tree I think. {NW} That's where I've heard it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS}
911:  But they aren't any here. {NS}
Interviewer:  It is kind of a a tree that it's got big white flowers and shiny green leaves? Sort of a symbol of the South.
911:  Magnolia.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And a shrub or a bush that the leaves turn bright red in the Fall? It's got little clusters of berries on it. {NS}
911:  Mm.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a Sumac or {D:shoe lace}?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What about a a flowering bush? Called a mountain laurel or rhododendron or
911:  #1 Oh I've heard #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
911:  of mountain laurel yeah.
Interviewer:  Does that grow around here?
911:  I think some yeah.
Interviewer:  What else that looks like that maybe a little smaller?
911:  Than a mountain laurel?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Hmm. {NS} I don't know. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the kind of tree that George Washington cut down?
911:  Cherry tree. None of 'em here.
Interviewer:  What different kinds of berries would people get here or get from the store here? {NS}
911:  Well just about every kind. I don't know many berries that grow here. {D: It's just not there} you go up the store though you can get {NS} Now fresh I don't know. You got to go to the frozen department. Now you get well you can get fresh strawberries here when they are in season.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And blueberries and raspberries but mostly that stuff frozen. I don't know if getting too much fresh down here other than strawberries.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What bushes or vines will make your skin break out if you touch 'em?
911:  Poison ivy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Anything else? {NS}
911:  No not that I know of.
Interviewer:  How do you recognize poison ivy?
911:  I wouldn't I don't think I've ever seen any. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you say that's the book that you what me?
911:  Gave me.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay you'd say you have?
911:  Given me that book.
Interviewer:  And at Christmas you you're supposed to what presents?
911:  Give presents.
Interviewer:  And say I'm glad I'm carrying my umbrella cuz we hadn't gone half a block when it?
911:  Started to rain.
Interviewer:  And say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask?
911:  My husband.
Interviewer:  And he would say talking about her I have to ask?
911:  My wife.
Interviewer:  Any joking ways to refer to each other?
911:  Oh the old man or the old lady. My better half.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS}
911:  Uh. The boss. I guess that's about it. Old man old lady better half those are the most common ones I think.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. A woman who's husband is dead is called a?
911:  Widow. {NS}
Interviewer:  What if he just left her? Then she'd be a?
911:  Divorcee.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the expression grass widow?
911:  I've heard it but I don't know that is that refer to a woman that's divorced. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Some people use it that way. {D:It's}
911:  Grass widow Seems to me I've heard it but I never used it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And the man who's child you are, he's your?
911:  Father.
Interviewer:  And his wife is your?
911:  Mother.
Interviewer:  And together their your?
911:  Parents.
Interviewer:  What did you call your father?
911:  What did I call my father?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Dad.
Interviewer:  Anything else people call their father?
911:  Pop dad father daddy papa.
Interviewer:  {NS} What about your mother?
911:  Mom mama mother
Interviewer:  And your father's father would be your?
911:  Granddaddy
Interviewer:  And his wife would be your?
911:  Grandmother.
Interviewer:  Anything else you call them?
911:  Grandma grandpa.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And something on wheels that you could put a baby in {D: and it will lie down} {C:background tapping noise}
911:  Baby carriage?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you put the baby in the carriage and then you go out and what the baby?
911:  Stroll the baby.
Interviewer:  And if you had two children you might have a son and a?
911:  daughter.
Interviewer:  Or a boy and a?
911:  Girl.
Interviewer:  And if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has and the same shaped nose you'd say that he?
911:  Looks like his daddy.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any other way of saying that?
911:  {NS} Resembles his father.
Interviewer:  What if he has the same mannerisms and behavior?
911:  {NS} Mm. Just like I guess Say just like his daddy looks like his daddy acts like his daddy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} And you say Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say in one year Bob?
911:  Grew five inches.
Interviewer:  And you'd say he certainly has?
911:  Grown.
Interviewer:  {NS} And {NS} if a woman's looked after three children until their grown you'd say she's
911:  Raised 'em.
Interviewer:  And the child is misbehaving you tell 'em if you do that again your going to get a?
911:  Spanking.
Interviewer:  Anything else? {NW}
911:  Well uh going to get a spanking?
Interviewer:  What if it's harder than that?
911:  Well whipping. I don't like that word for kids though.
Interviewer:  Why not?
911:  I don't know. I just don't believe in taking after 'em too hard. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 What does #
911:  #2 I always # think a whipping to me {NS} a whipping to me just sounds a little harsh I figure if I'm going to whip somebody I either am going to hit 'em pretty hard with my closed hand or I am going to take something and do it you know whip to 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  Spanking to me means just kinda patting 'em on the rear end a little harder than usual just to tell 'em they've been bad.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Yeah I don't go for whipping kids. {NS}
Interviewer:  Say if a if a woman was going to have a baby you'd say that she's?
911:  {NS} Pregnant.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Did people used to use that word much? Or did it sound kinda?
911:  No. No I don't think so. I think that they kinda Are you talking about let's go back a little ways no they wouldn't use that around kids At least not the people I was around. That's just a he- she's expecting or she's uh Mm in a family way that just go around the bush I think it's just same as a lot of words that they use now that they wouldn't use before.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Different way of thinking but I think the word pregnant was just not used so much around {NS} particular around kids old enough to figure out what's going on. I don't know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 So # I think it's one that they kinda stayed away from some.
Interviewer:  How do you feel about the word now? Would you use it in front of your if you had small children?
911:  Yeah I think I would.
Interviewer:  Any joking ways of saying pregnant?
911:  {NW} {D: You'll have to turn the tape off} {NW} {NS} Um. Joking ways of saying pregnant.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  How joking do you want to get? You want to get crude joking?
Interviewer:  Just every thing you've heard just.
911:  Oh well let's see she's pregnant she's knocked up.
Interviewer:  Does that sound sort of vulgar?
911:  Uh I wouldn't use it referring to a someone you know I wouldn't uh use it referring like to my wife or a friend's wife or #1 somebody or #
911:  #2 Mm-mm. # You know if it was a friend I think it's used in a more like saying well {NS} somebody you don't know or some situation that {NW} that developed that shouldn't have or something #1 like #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  that. You might throw that around a little bit. {NS} Uh. {NS} What else? {NS} Mm. In a kidding way. I don't know if it's. Pregnant? That's not kidding. Uh I guess that's about it. Probably some more go ahead I'll probably know 'em if you say 'em. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear swallowed a?
911:  Swallowed a watermelon seed.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Yeah I've heard that.
Interviewer:  What about she broke her foot or?
911:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear just she's big?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  And a child that's born to a woman that's not married would be called a?
911:  Bastard.
Interviewer:  Any other names for that child? {NS}
911:  Mm I don't know that I'd put the first one on 'em unless I've used you know? {D: I don't think} I'd use that word there talking about somebody I didn't like. I don't think I'd put it on those babies.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 was born # without a daddy. Uh. {NS} Any other words for it?
Interviewer:  Yeah do you ever hear woods colt or {D:bushchild} or?
911:  Oh I've heard, I never, I read it I think it's a woods colt I think I've #1 read in #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
911:  books before I've never used it.
Interviewer:  And your brother's son would be called your?
911:  Nephew.
Interviewer:  And a child who's lost both parents would be a?
911:  Orphan.
Interviewer:  And the person who is supposed to look after the orphan? Would be his legal?
911:  Guardian.
Interviewer:  And do you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say " This town is full of my"?
911:  Relatives.
Interviewer:  Any other name? {NS}
911:  Kinfolk.
Interviewer:  And you'd say well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no?
911:  Kin.
Interviewer:  And somebody who comes into town and nobody has ever seen 'em before? He'd be a?
911:  Stranger. {NS}
Interviewer:  What if he came from a different country?
911:  Foreigner.
Interviewer:  Would you ever use the word foreigner about someone who hadn't come from a different country? But who was a stranger. {NW}
911:  No. I don't think so. You mean from this country but just strange in town? No.
Interviewer:  And a woman who conducts school would be a?
911:  Teacher.
Interviewer:  Any special names for a woman teacher?
911:  {NS} No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And the name of the mother of Jesus?
911:  Mary.
Interviewer:  And George Washington's wife?
911:  Martha.
Interviewer:  And do you remember a a song the name of the song it started out um "Wait till the sunshines"?
911:  Nellie.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Nellie.
Interviewer:  And a male #1 goat #
911:  #2 Is that right? #
Interviewer:  Yes.
911:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  A male goat is called a? {NS}
911:  A goat is called a {NS:background noise} um {NS:background noise} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Or a nickname for William.
911:  Oh! Billy goat.
Interviewer:  And the first book in the New Testament in the Bible?
911:  {NW} The first book in the New Testament? I'll just throw 'em all out at you. You tell me which one's right. I don't know. Luke Matthew Mark?
Interviewer:  Okay. And the name of the wife of Abraham?
911:  {NW} The name of the wife of Abraham? I have no idea.
Interviewer:  What are some girls' names that start with an 'S'?
911:  Start with an 'S'?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Sharon Sally Sue.
Interviewer:  Or Sally is a nickname for?
911:  I don't know. Was it I know is it a nickname or something?
Interviewer:  #1 It's #
911:  #2 Sally #
Interviewer:  Sara or
911:  Sara
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Sara.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And
911:  I got an Aunt named Sara. Is that Sally that's a nickname for Sara?
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
911:  #2 I didn't know that. #
Interviewer:  {NS} Um. Someone nicknamed Bill his full name would be?
911:  William.
Interviewer:  And if your father had a brother and you called him by that full name. You'd call him?
911:  Uncle Bill.
Interviewer:  #1 Or? #
911:  #2 Uncle # William.
Interviewer:  And Kennedy's first name was?
911:  John.
Interviewer:  And if your father had a brother by that name?
911:  Uncle John. {NS}
Interviewer:  And do you remember what they used to call a barrel maker?
911:  A barrel maker? {NS} No.
Interviewer:  And as a family name as a last name you know? Are you familiar with the name Cooper?
911:  Oh Okay. Cooper. Yeah a barrel maker was a Cooper. Okay. I read that. I've never used it. {NS}
Interviewer:  If someone had that last name what would you call a married woman with that last name?
911:  Mrs. Cooper.
Interviewer:  {NS} And say a preacher that's not very well trained. He just short of preaches here and there isn't too good. You'd call him a?
911:  That's not too good that preaches here and there?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Um. Oh come on now. Wait a minute. {NS} Uh not anymore they don't do it I don't think, do they?
Interviewer:  You don't see it too much nowadays.
911:  Uh {NW} Used to go from place to place. {NW} It's Bible something. I don't know.
Interviewer:  What about a carpenter that's not very good at building things?
911:  A sloppy carpenter {NW} A carpenter that's not too good at building things. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a jackleg or
911:  #1 oh jackleg #
Interviewer:  #2 sure #
911:  Yeah. Okay. Is that what the preacher is too?
Interviewer:  Well what do you think of jackleg? {D: What do you think of?}
911:  Jackleg mechanic well they just kinda works off his own someplace and you can takes stuff to him that's not too complicated.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Is it an insult to be called a jackleg?
911:  No. He just not- not a real pro not a real talented in whatever he's doing.
Interviewer:  What about shade tree or yard ax? You ever heard of that?
911:  Shade tree. Shave or shade?
Interviewer:  What?
911:  Shave tree?
Interviewer:  Shade.
911:  Shade tree. Yeah I think so. I guess that would go back to a guy doing his work under the shade of a tree there are like a jackleg. Yeah I guess the jackleg I use that a lot. It just didn't come to mind when you asked me what carpenter that doesn't do things too good. Yeah jackleg fit that.
Interviewer:  What would you call a jackleg what besides a carpenter what would be a jackleg?
911:  Oh mechanic a plumber. Oh. Carpenter mechanic plumber about like that.
Interviewer:  What about a lawyer?
911:  Jackleg. No I don't think I'd put that on somebody like a doctor or a lawyer.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Just be someone who has a a trade or?
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NS} And what relation would my mother's sister be to me?
911:  Your Aunt.
Interviewer:  {NS} And {NS} you'd say um. What time does the movie?
911:  Start.
Interviewer:  Or another word for that? What time does it?
911:  Begin.
Interviewer:  And you say it must've already?
911:  Started.
Interviewer:  #1 Or must #
911:  #2 Begun. #
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And ten minutes ago it?
911:  Began.
Interviewer:  And say um someone had a question you might say well I don't know the answer you better go what somebody else?
911:  Better go ask somebody else.
Interviewer:  So you'd say so then he what someone else?
911:  Asked somebody else.
Interviewer:  And they'd say your the second person who's?
911:  Asked me.
Interviewer:  And the highest rank in the army?
911:  The general.
Interviewer:  And beneath the general?
911:  Colonel.
Interviewer:  And a person in charge of a ship?
911:  A captain.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the word captain used in other situations? Like call the man you work for captain?
911:  Oh yeah. Not a whole lot but I've heard it.
Interviewer:  How- how did you hear it used? {NW} {NS}
911:  Captain well um what captain you mean you said other than on of a ship?
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 right? # Well you a captain of a team.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And you got a team you got to put together where the head man you are going to call 'em captain.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Um. And just kidd- you know about kidding around you might but the work crew or something like that or somebody in charge of something call 'em cap captain.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Slang type. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you say a man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a?
911:  Actress.
Interviewer:  And if you're born in the United States your nationality is?
911:  American.
Interviewer:  And what a woman who works in an office and does the typing and #1 {X} #
911:  #2 Secretary #
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Secretary.
Interviewer:  And someone who goes to school?
911:  A student.
Interviewer:  And a person who presides over a court?
911:  A judge.
Interviewer:  {NS} And what different terms are there for black people?
911:  For black people. I mean different terms? Good terms and bad terms?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Well there's colored black negro nigger um. With all kinds of different adjectives just put in front of those. Uh. {NW:grunt and or mumbling}
Interviewer:  How do you feel about each each of those words? {C:lots of background tapping} {NS}
911:  Uh. {NS} How do I feel about 'em? I don't have much feeling anything. I think nigger is wrong to call anybody that. I feel it's wrong
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 because # they don't like it. I I mean th- those people have made perfectly clear they don't like to be called niggers.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  For them to call 'em that I think is wrong.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh if you tell 'em the the word Uh to me it doesn't mean anything wrong that guy is a nigger well I mean. They take it as an insult. So th
n to me don't call 'em that. It's wrong. I believe in not wanting to step on somebody's toes by like by calling 'em something he doesn't wanna be called. Unless you want to be downright insulting.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Man tells me he wants me to call 'em yeah I'll call that I mean. {NW} Uh.
Interviewer:  Which term do you usually use?
911:  {NS} Which term do I usually use?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {NW} Colored probably.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh. I have I don't know. Find that stuff too much. I guess they gotten to where they like the word black, is that right? Well I- that kinda goes against the grain me maybe that's what they like and that's what they want. Fine I'll call 'em a black man but I re- Uh. I don't ever had paid much attention to the color of anybody's skin or the way he talks.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
911:  #2 If he wants # me to call him black I'll call him black. {NW} Colored is kinda the same way. {NW} Uh. Let's not get into a patriotic all American speech here but I just never do pay too much if I like a guy I just don't care what he looks like, what color he is. If I don't like 'em I just don't pay attention to what color is he. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Oh he is just Joe or Bill or if I have to put a name to 'em like that {NW} I guess it probably be colored or negro. {NW}
Interviewer:  Any joking names you've heard?
911:  {NS} Any joking names I've heard? Yeah jig uh um jig oh. Night-fighter {NW}
Interviewer:  Night-fighter?
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Ho- how did they get that name?
911:  {mumbling} Get 'em someplace in the dark close your eyes you can't find 'em. That's what I have always heard. {NW} That's an expression I've heard. Hey look at that bunch of night-fighters over there. {NS} Mean I've popped one on you you've never heard before? I've heard that before call 'em
Interviewer:  #1 Night #
911:  #2 colored #
Interviewer:  Fighters? F-I
911:  N I G H T. Night. Just like after dark.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 Night # fighters. F I G H T E R. Night-fighter. You say he's a heck of a night-fighter he closes his eyes you can't find him in the dark. Only way you find him by the white of his eyes. {NS} Now that may be all wrong now I've heard it.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 before # Now that's the way I've heard it that's the way I've heard it used.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. That's interesting. I've never heard that. What would you call someone of our race? {NS}
911:  {X} I guess if I'm in the part, if I'm in a position where I've got to start differentiating between everybody I guess Anglos or whites
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I mean if I am differentiating between colored man and you I mean he's colored or black and you're white
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW:grunt} Any other names for white?
911:  Hmm. No I can't think of, whites.
Interviewer:  What about a child that um one parent is colored and another parent is white? Would you have a special name for that child?
911:  {NS} No I don't think so. But I'm sure that there's a lot of joking expressions probably end up I don't think I know that I would necessarily. I'd imagine it would end up being called a half-breed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What- What would you call um what have you heard um people call white people that they sort of look down on it. Don't try to do anything for themselves?
911:  White trash.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any other terms like that?
911:  Poor whites.
Interviewer:  What would colored people call whites like that?
911:  I don't know. I've never been around colored people that much. I suppose they might wouldn't they call 'em white trash?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you ever hear the term cracker or?
911:  Georgia cracker or what is it?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Yeah I've heard it.
Interviewer:  What about redneck or?
911:  Well redneck is usually that's a {NS} that's is that a um {NS} a real anti-colored southern gentleman? {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 Is that what # that is? I've heard it. I don't know exactly I suppose that's what is redneck.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Real prejudice cat mm.
Interviewer:  What about someone here who who works on a ranches and is is involved with {D:is a } ranching and cowboys and {NS} Any special names for that kind of person? {NS}
911:  In charge of it?
Interviewer:  Well just someone who's who's connected with that.
911:  {X}
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Well not a cowboy. {NW:laughs} Wait is that a ranch hand or farmhand or rancher or farmer?
Interviewer:  Do you use the word cowboy around here? I've that around {D: Laredo}
911:  #1 not very much. #
Interviewer:  #2 in places. #
911:  A cowboy means a guy on a horse who is taking care of a bunch of cows.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh. We don't have 'em around here.
Interviewer:  {NW} Do you ever hear the term kicker?
911:  Yeah. All kinds of kicker music. {NS}
Interviewer:  What is a kicker now? {NW}
911:  Well it's a little bit vulgar expression if you get right down to it. It's a cattle wear's boots. Cowboy he's a cowboy. He's a Western {NS} Western cat with boots on. He's a {NS} refer to that my impression of it or my understanding of a kicker is {NS} he spends the day working around a ranch or farm where there's lots of different droppings from horses and things and he spends the day kicking around in that stuff. Now that may not be the same everywhere that's the that's...
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: odd background noise}
911:  What I've always thought it was.
Interviewer:  It's sort of a, there was a term shitkicker.
911:  There you go. Yeah I was just was a {X} but that's what it is.
Interviewer:  That's what it- it's short for that?
911:  Yeah that's always been my understanding of it.
Interviewer:  Is it an? How do people use the word kicker? Is it joking or?
911:  #1 Eh. #
Interviewer:  #2 insulting or #
911:  Eh eh. Get some of these dudes around here that put on those boots and the blue jeans and a big hat and never been within fifty feet of a horse. {NS} I'd put the word kicker on 'em and I'll mean it as an insult.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Uh. Kicker music when you get into country and western stuff. We call it kicker music. {NW} I'd say it's got a little bit of a {NS} I mean yeah I'd say put a little bit of insult tone to it maybe kinda kid- kind of down cutting down a little bit. Kicker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What would you call someone who who lives way out in the country and doesn't get into town much and when he does get into town people could just look at 'em and tell that he is from away out in the country?
911:  A hick.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Anything else?
911:  {NW} You might put kicker on him maybe I don't know probably a hick or a oh country coming to town.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Something like that. Probably hick. Country hick.
Interviewer:  Is that insulting or just joking or?
911:  Mm seedy. Seed. {NW: Mumbles} What is it seed? I don't know that one. {NW} Oh. Yeah probably so. I'm sure it is. Yeah I know friends of mine the way we've used it before is some guy dresses up some goes some place and he's got his shirt on that doesn't match his pants. We call him a damn hick.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh I think it's implied that a he doesn't know how to behave around people.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about the French people in Louisiana?
911:  Cajuns.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Any other name for them?
911:  Uh Coonass.
Interviewer:  Is that insulting or joking or what?
911:  Well there are two ways to take something like that. It's the way that it's the way it's meant by the person that says it and it's the way it's taken by the person that it is addresses to.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh. Most people don't mind being called Cajuns or Coonasses. Um. Then you use it in conversation I guess you're not insulting 'em. If they don't like it and you're putting it on 'em I guess you mean it as an insult I'd say most people around here that use it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Are kind of cutting kinda tryna to like we don't think too much of 'em
Interviewer:  Are there a lot of um Cajuns are working around the the port?
911:  Yeah on the shrimp boat. No I I've heard the word Coonass put on them more than Cajun.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Anything else you've heard 'em called?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  What about the Mexican people? {NS}
911:  A like what about 'em?
Interviewer:  What different names or do people give them?
911:  {NW} Now you talking about Mexicans from the other side of the bridge or this side?
Interviewer:  Both. {NW}
911:  Well. People from outside of the bridge they're Mexicans.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Pure Mexicans. Now there's nothing wrong with that. That's like me calling you an American.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  A person on this side of the river he's an American. Now he's not a Mexican. To me a Mexican is a cat that's a Mexican citizen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {C: loud background noise}
911:  If the guy lives on this side of the bridge and don't care what his name is he is an American citizen. He's an American.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And you get into this foolishness down here tryna to figure out whether he's supposed to call 'em Latin Americans or... or Mexican Americans or and all that foolishness I just never had liked that stuff I just try to avoid it {c: loud noise in background}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Man is American. If he doesn't like it if he's always griping about something and wants to go around here waving the Mexican flag like some of those cats do pack it up and go back across the bridge.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  That's the way I feel about it. {NW} If I have to put a name on it I guess I'd probably call 'em a Latin American but it goes against the grain to use it. I mean but if I had to differentiate between him and a guy named Smith I guess I'd call 'em a Latin American.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But I that kind of stuff it just doesn't it goes down hard with me. I just don't believe in all that foolishness.
Interviewer:  Are there any insulting names that people give to
911:  #1 I just call 'em #
Interviewer:  #2 Mexicans? #
911:  You can call 'em Spics you can call 'em Mexes Greasers uh Pachucos uh oh spic greaser
Interviewer:  What's a Pachuco?
911:  Well that's a knife carrying long haired hippy acting Mexican. That's what
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Pachuco is. Now he's bad medicine better leave that cat alone.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Usually in the olden days when I was growing up they wore peg pants and a long chain whether it was a Mexicans answer to a zoot suit or you remember the zoot suiters?
Interviewer:  I've heard of that. I'm
911:  #1 with a long #
Interviewer:  #2 not sure #
911:  coats down to their knees and the big lapels and the baggy pants with a peg at the bottom and the long chain they could twist around like that is Pachuco is a Mexican with a duck tail hair cut and a switch-blade in his pant pocket and peg pants and is kinda weird acting. Kind of I don't know just somebody who you don't fool with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What would you um call someone who's?
911:  Answer to that is that they usually shorten it down to Chuc
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {NS} What about someone who's Well have you ever heard the term Pocho?
911:  Pocho {C: speaking Spanish} I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Referring to what?
Interviewer:  To someone who's not able to speak really either language very fluently. Who's not a Mexican American or Latin American or whatever. Who's
911:  Pocho {C: speaking Spanish} I don't think so.
Interviewer:  What about someone who's one parent is Mexican and the parent is American? Any special names for someone like that?
911:  Mm. Now you talking about a Mexican from this side now?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  It wasn't that #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 I mean uh # Well
911:  A Latin American with an Anglo one Anglo parent and one Latin American.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Or Mexican. {NS} #1 That #
911:  #2 Well # I mean you want to cut the guy down you put half-breed on 'em but I don't know any particular names probably not. {NW} In the old days around here I'm sure there were terms for all that stuff but I think its something that's gradually died with
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Or- or or just not being passed on. I'm sure that there were names for those things cause they had names for everything {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But nowadays I just people just began to live more and more I think people are beginning to live and let live and I think any name you put on to somebody like that is a cut.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  You know. I mean in the first place its not that guy's fault. {NW} and in the second place if his mother was an Anglo and his father was Latin American but they were happy well that's nobody's business but their own so why put a name on it?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What other names are there for Anglos? Are there any insulting names?
911:  Gringo.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Uh. Gringo. Anglo gringo... Uh they can say Americano in such a way its more of a cut than any then any of those terms there. {NS} Usually gringo. If they just kind of want to cut at you a little bit they put that gringo out there in such a that you know they cutting at you pretty
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 good. #
Interviewer:  What about the term Chicano? {NW}
911:  Chicano. That I don't know exactly what that's supposed to mean. {NW} That gray picker cat up there you say he think he started that stuff up. We could've without that man that {NS}
Interviewer:  That stuff?
911:  Chavez. That Chicano power and all that stuff. I'm gonna tell you and they, you know I gotta go back now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  These people were not There never was any I'm American you're Mexican. All this stuff around here. We didn't have any trouble around this place.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Now yes these people were underpaid.
Interviewer:  The migrant workers?
911:  Yeah of course we didn't have migrant workers coming in here. We had migrant workers going that way. Mostly.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  See now. Uh. Most of the migrant, I don't mean. We got 'em here
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  They do the work here and they go somewhere else. Michigan to pick {D:beach} or California to pick grapes or someplace else they migrated usually away from here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {X} business up the valley here with something and that's {D: your child that just came in here} Yeah these people were underpaid. Uh they had kinda bad living. Not all 'em now. But some of 'em they had bad living conditions and stuff like that but. {NS} They were not educated enough nor were they able to earn for themselves. They weren't able to do more than pick that cotton
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
911:  #2 by # hand and it was a question of economics. You could afford to pay a man so much to pick so much cotton. You wanted to start pushing it up where you had to pay him more than you were gonna get for it. {NS} Well it finally adjusted up to where they were making pretty good.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And that's all they were able to do and then they got these guys in here like Cesar Chavez that wanted to pay 'em twenty dollars a day for all that which a mans got a right to earn but a man can't afford to pay can't do it. And I- I saw what was coming. They brought in mechanical cotton pickers. So all they did was put maybe eight or nine-thousand people out of of work two months out of the year they were making more money than they ever thought they'd make.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {D: Well that's stirred it up right?} You don't see any hand-picked cotton around now. Maybe a few. But just here and there pick it with machines now they do all that stuff. Uh so where are these guys that were picking cotton? Where did they end up? End up not working any place cuz they're not able to. The majority are still around here. Or a lot of those people are Mexican citizens anyway. {NW} They get over here and they never bother to get nationalized or anything they just move on over. Sneak across that bridge and they just sit and the first thing they do is draw unemployment and welfare and food stamps and everything else and they belong back over there. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Now those are the main ones that get up and beat the table when some guy like Cesar Chavez shows up.
Interviewer:  Has he come around here very much?
911:  Well he was up the valley here somewhere stirring up about a What was it they let rot out in the field cuz he wouldn't let 'em go in there and pick it up around far- somewhere. I don't remember what he wouldn't let 'em pick. What was it? {NS} Uh I don't know.
Interviewer:  Is wasn't part of the lettuce?
911:  Yeah there you go. Head of lettuce {X} they just let a bunch of it rot out there. They said {X} I can't afford to pay that much and still make any money cuz in those Gotta remember we went through a period we used to grow lots of vegetables down here just a whole bunch. They don't do it anymore. Cuz the price got to where it wasn't, I saw {NW} many years it cabbage would be up and just beautiful cabbage ready to pick.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And the price was so low it was going to cost 'em more to get it out there then they could get for it I saw many man run a tracker with a plow and just ditch that stuff up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  And tear it up. Says I just can't afford to pick it and sell it. {NS} Uh. I don't know. I racial business just I don't know they call it maybe Chicano power and I got a guy I argue with all the time you ever heard of the Raza Unida Party?
Interviewer:  That's a
911:  United race it's a bunch of radical Mexican Americans that want to celebrate Mexican holidays and stuff like that over here and I've told 'em to their face that if they want to celebrate Mexican holidays move back to Mexico.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  They put that stuff on me. I just tell 'em remember the Alamo. Go on about your business. Leave me alone. You're an American. You're in the United States. If you don't like it get out. That's all I can say. {NW} You got a right to protest and all this but don't {NW} come around knocking it and waving Mexican flags and stuff like that and burning American flags at me it gets my dander up.
Interviewer:  {NS} Mm-hmm.
911:  Don't wanna have a Mexican party down here go organize it over there in Mexico. Just You want to protest the way things are being done do it in an orderly fashion. Everybody's got a right but don't come up here just to end up getting somebody hurt getting people busted out of jobs. Everybody got a right to try and better themselves. But not at the expense of somebody else.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Does this organization does it get is it very popular around here?
911:  Raza Unida?
Interviewer:  #1 It's #
911:  #2 Mm-hmm. # a joke. But it's a joke that's going to get serious one of these days. They took over a city up the line here. It wasn't, they weren't calling themselves Raza Unida then uh they may have started by then. {NW} And they took a little town a few hundred two hundred miles up the boarder here and they had a big political campaign they elected the mayor and four commissioners. And just put all them other boys out of office. {NS} And about six or seven months time, time broke. Couldn't pay the employees. {NW} Now that's not taking away. Their just not qualified. Now they don't need to be lead around by their nose but by the same token they got to realize. I can go get five of those guys that are these rebel rising type guy, type guys and make 'em mayor and city commissioner of Brownsville and sink the town.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  That's not fair to the other people living there. That's my point.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {NW} {X} but and They do it in such a manner by stirring up and when these other cats do get in power the first thing they do is take a big board and hit 'em along side the head so they shut up and behave themselves if they come up there in the proper fashion they'd get heard they are not gonna get stepped on.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Except they do because of the way they come up. {NS} Start trying to make trouble and stuff. Well. I don't know about it just I don't believe in all that foolishness. {NS} I just {NS} I could go on and on about that. We better go on to the next question. That's kind of a {D: thorn in my side} when I grew up around here we just never paid any attention to what the other kid was I {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you used to um well someone I was talking to in Laredo told me that he thought the- the word he was Mexican American whatever you call 'em, he thought the word Chicano was very insulting.
911:  #1 It is. #
Interviewer:  #2 That it meant # sort of a lower class.
911:  #1 Mm yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 Mexican # Did did you grow up hearing it?
911:  Well I never heard that word till about. I never heard the word Chicano. {NW} Till just a few years ago when they started all this highfalutin stuff #1 around here. #
Interviewer:  #2 with the politics? #
911:  Yeah. and the Cesar Chavez type stuff. I don't remember hearing the Chicano when I was growing up. {NS} I sure don't. We're talking about that here year or so I don't remember who it was maybe somebody growing up here with me? In Latin America we couldn't ever remember hearing the word Chicano.
Interviewer:  #1 Would he have #
911:  #2 Was it #
Interviewer:  been insulted if someone had called him a Chicano?
911:  He wouldn't have been insulted if I had called him you damn Chicano after we heard #1 the word. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
911:  But he wouldn't take it kindly if some cat came up to him on the street and said well you're nothing but Chicano he would probably raise up.
Interviewer:  {NW}
911:  {NW} Just like I got friends that are Latin Americans.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  and they'll do something dumb or something I mean anything that I might do. Nothing out of the ordinary but mess up something. And I say well you {C: Spanish name?} you nothing but a damn Mexican. And they laugh, they think it's funny. But don't let some stranger come up there and say get out of my way you damn Mexican. He is going to hit him right in the face
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And it just all in what you are saying and who's saying it.
Interviewer:  Do you think of the word Anglo as meaning the same as white? Or
911:  #1 Well yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 do you think of # Mexicans as being a a separate race or or would- would you?
911:  We're back to like we have to come up with a name to differentiate between a a negro and a white.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 {D:We end up} # black and white or colored and white or negro and white. What do you want to call Mexicans you call 'em browns and us whites? Or tans and whites
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 or # Or brown power they started up here for a while but it didn't last very long. They were walking around with fists up and they were calling it brown power. Lasted about six months. {NW} {NS} Uh. {NS} If we're Anglos and their Mexicans then that I guess it you know we're {NS} Latin Americans and Anglos. I guess we should really call ourselves Anglos. Whites oughta be Anglo-Saxons. That should be a Spanish-American and You know what I mean?
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
911:  #2 {X} # stop I didn't ever worry about {X} {NS} You know if I ever get pinned down when I'm talking to somebody and they ask me well I guess I'd call 'em a Latin American or something
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 like # that. But then likely I'd probably call 'em a Mexican. {NS} If he was an American
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 And # I would mean it a little bit on the insulting side.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
911:  If he's a friend of mine, of which I have many, that live on the South side of that river
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I call 'em a Mexican I don't think {D:its mean}. I'm calling him what he is. Just like he would call me an American.
Interviewer:  Say if it was kinda icy outside and you were walking around and you'd say well. That ice is- is hard to walk on I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I?
911:  Almost fell.
Interviewer:  Or I like to?
911:  like to fall like to fell I don't know. Wait a minute. I almost fell. I like to fell. I guess so I liked to fell.
Interviewer:  So you'd say it begrudgingly?
911:  #1 No. Not too much. #
Interviewer:  #2 Like just? # And someone is waiting for you to get ready so y'all can go somewhere. Calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon. You say I'll be with you in?
911:  I'll be with you in just a minute.
Interviewer:  And you say those children get mad and what?
911:  {NS} Those children get mad?
Interviewer:  They get mad and?
911:  Fight.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And yesterday they?
911:  fought.
Interviewer:  And ever since they were small they had?
911:  been fighting.
Interviewer:  but they #1 had? #
911:  #2 or fought. #
Interviewer:  And you say talking about something you see in your sleep. You'd say this is what I?
911:  Dreamt.
Interviewer:  And often when I go to sleep I?
911:  Dream.
Interviewer:  But I usually can't remember what I had?
911:  Dreamt.
Interviewer:  And you say I dreamt I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I?
911:  Woke up.
Interviewer:  And you'd say this part of my head is my?
911:  Forehead.
Interviewer:  And this is my?
911:  Hair.
Interviewer:  And on a man hair here would be a?
911:  Beard.
Interviewer:  And this is my?
911:  Ear.
Interviewer:  Which one?
911:  Left ear.
Interviewer:  And this is?
911:  My right ear.
Interviewer:  And?
911:  My lips.
Interviewer:  Or the whole thing?
911:  My mouth.
Interviewer:  And this is your?
911:  Neck.
Interviewer:  And?
911:  Throat.
Interviewer:  What about the term goozle?
911:  Goozle?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear that?
911:  Never heard that.
Interviewer:  And you say these are the?
911:  Lips.
Interviewer:  Or?
911:  Teeth.
Interviewer:  And this is one?
911:  Tooth.
Interviewer:  And the flesh around your teeth?
911:  Gum.
Interviewer:  And this is one?
911:  Hand.
Interviewer:  Two?
911:  Hands.
Interviewer:  And this is the?
911:  Palm of my hand.
Interviewer:  This is one?
911:  Fist.
Interviewer:  Two?
911:  Fists.
Interviewer:  And a place where the palms come together? You call a? Joint.
911:  And on a man this part of his body is his?
Interviewer:  Chest. And these are the?
911:  Shoulders.
Interviewer:  And you say this is my?
911:  Leg.
Interviewer:  And one?
911:  Foot.
Interviewer:  And I have two?
911:  Feet.
Interviewer:  And this sensitive bone here?
911:  Funny bone.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And say that if I get down in this position you'd say I?
911:  Squatted.
Interviewer:  Any other way of saying that? {NS} Do you have any
911:  Hunker down
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 there is # another word. I've heard it but I don't think I ever use it. Hunkered? Hunkered. #1 I've #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
911:  heard it but I don't use it.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear down on your hunkers or haunches or?
911:  Yeah down on your haunches. I never use it. I've heard those though.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What is your haunches?
911:  I suppose uh I guess it'd be the back part of your legs.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Say if somebody has been sick for a while {NS} you'd say well he's up and about now but he's looks a bit? {NS}
911:  Mm. Sickly.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And someone who's in good shape you'd say he's big and?
911:  Strong.
Interviewer:  What if he is getting a little overweight? You'd say he's?
911:  Well you can say he is getting fat or he's putting on weight.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say he's stout or husky?
911:  Yeah both of those stout or husky. {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 Well #
911:  #2 Well # Husky means less of those terms referring to getting fat. Husky to me means more of a guy that's not so much fat as as {NS} pretty big in the arms and chest.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  That'd be husky. I tend to use that less referring to somebody getting overweight. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about stout?
911:  Stout would be if a guy has a little bit of a stomach on 'em I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  That guy is stout. Portly.
Interviewer:  Do you ever use the word stout talking about butter that's turning bad?
911:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  {NS} And someone who's always smiling and doesn't lose his temper much you'd say that he's?
911:  Easy-going.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And someone like a teenage boy who's just all arms and legs?
911:  Gangly.
Interviewer:  Okay. What if he's always stumbling or dropping things?
911:  Clumsy.
Interviewer:  And if a person just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you'd say he's just a plain? {NS}
911:  Idiot.
Interviewer:  Anything else?
911:  Fool.
Interviewer:  How do you feel about the word fool? Does- does it sound really bad to say or very
911:  #1 Mm #
Interviewer:  #2 insulting? #
911:  He's a fool. Well usually when I use it like that I say that man is a fool I mean stupid.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh. Usually the term use it like fooling around well there is like
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
911:  So when I ain't got much to do so I'm just sitting there fooling around.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I don't mean that bad. If I use it usually I mean it as pure stupid. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about Spanish words that are insulting like that?
911:  Like stupid? I mean like fool? Mm there's expressions in there you call someone a baboso {C: speaking Spanish}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Now that means that you That's to babos- {C: speaking Spanish} Babos- {C: speaking Spanish} is- is uh saliva, split. So when you put the term baboso {C: Speaking Spanish} on somebody you're picturing you're or you're referring to somebody that's running around with spittle coming down his chin all the time he's a fool, stupid.
Interviewer:  What about the word pen-
911:  Pendejo? {C: speaking Spanish}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Well there's a lot of words. There's a lot of meanings to that a.. Uh. I use it to mean a dummy. He's a pendejo {C: speaking Spanish} he's just pure stupid. And somebody told me one time that the word pendejo {C: speaking Spanish} can also be used or used to be used or is used and this I never use it this way but I've been told {NW} that it also could refer to , you call a guy pendejo {C: speaking Spanish} would mean that his wife is fooling around on 'em. Now I don't know the truth of that. You are
Interviewer:  #1 mm-hmm #
911:  #2 pin # that down on somebody that knows older Spanish around here more than I do.
Interviewer:  If you call someone a pendejo {C: speaking Spanish} would that be? Make him very mad?
911:  Oh I would think so. But here you see, those are expressions we use 'em all the time I use those I use the word expression like pendejo {C:speaking Spanish} and baboso {C:speaking Spanish} a lot.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  with friends of mine that are even are not really bilingual. because then then they know those words.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  We use 'em in a kidding way.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh. {NW} Like {NS} I got a lot of friends that are just like I am. We'd rather mess around. We'll mess around. We just don't get serious. {NS} I mean it's gotta be something earth shaking to get us too serious about something. {NW} We call each other those things.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  You do something halfway dumb whether it be on the golf course or any silly thing like you are going to the picture show and you drop your popcorn or something like
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 that. # Pendejo or you baboso {C:speaking Spanish} We use 'em like that. We don't get mad at each other now. {NW} If I was in real getting real uptight with somebody they're almost to the fighting point I don't think I'd put those words on 'em. I'd come out with something in English a whole lot stronger.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  So to me those just kidding around term the way I use 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I'm sure that they get down {NW} your true Mexicans or your Latin Americans that are really wanting to cut down somebody like we might call 'em a S-O-B they might call 'em a pendejo or baboso {C: speaking Spanish}.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What would you call someone who has a lot of money but but really hangs onto his money?
911:  Tight.
Interviewer:  Or he'd be a? What?
911:  Mm miser.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Anything else?
911:  Penny-pincher or {NS} Uh. {NS} Oh what's the other word? I don't know many more words. I usually come up with tight or stingy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Not stingy too much. I usually use the word tight. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about an older person who still gets around real well. Does all his work. Doesn't seem to get tired. You'd say for his age he's still awfully?
911:  Mm. Spry
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 probably #
Interviewer:  And say if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help but feeling a little?
911:  Concerned.
Interviewer:  Or a little?
911:  Worried.
Interviewer:  Or you wouldn't feel easy about it you'd say you felt?
911:  Uneasy.
Interviewer:  And someone else would say well they'll be home alright just don't.
911:  Worry.
Interviewer:  And a child might say I'm not going to go upstairs in the dark I'm?
911:  {NS} Afraid of the dark?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. So you'd say I don't see why she's afraid now she?
911:  didn't used to be.
Interviewer:  And when you say a person is common what does that mean?
911:  Common?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Oh. Person who's common? {NS} Kinda trashy {NW}
Interviewer:  It's an insulting thing to?
911:  Oh yeah I don't a person who's common. I don't throw that around too easy I just. These other words we've gone over that I told you use in fun and all that like {X} that are really pretty strong words if you use them in a harsh way. Now common to me it just kinda taking down on somebody and his folks and everything else.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW}
911:  Oh.
Interviewer:  What about if you?
911:  I've heard the word common put in front of the words white-trash.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  It's pure, common white-trash And it to me is getting down there pretty good.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What if you say if a girl was very common? What does that mean?
911:  Mm. Very common. Well probably looks tacky.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 Probably. # Uh. Scroungy looking and and uh. Doesn't know how to talk or doesn't have any manners.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  No you know stuff like that.
Interviewer:  Say someone leaves a lot of money on the table. Goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door? You'd say he's mighty what with his money?
911:  Free.
Interviewer:  Or?
911:  Mighty loose.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Or just a damn fool.
Interviewer:  Or just to leave it lying like that? {NW} Where anyone could steal it?
911:  Careless.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Careless.
Interviewer:  And someone who makes up his mind and then you can't argue with 'em?
911:  He's hard headed.
Interviewer:  And someone who you can't joke with without him loosing his temper? Just any little thing.
911:  You can't joke. {NS} Hello. A yeah one oh no she she isn't. No. Well I think she's up the street with a friend of hers. {NS} Mm. No that does not sound right. Who is this? {NS} Am I {X} Hello? {NS} {X} whole time he was talking Um. Okay somebody is what hard headed and you can't joke with 'em?
Interviewer:  Someone who's real sensitive about?
911:  Touchy.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say well I was just kidding. I didn't know you'd get so.
911:  {NS} You'd get so. {NS} Well {NS}
Interviewer:  Just all of the sudden he got really?
911:  Mad.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if someone is about to lose their temper you'd tell 'em to just?
911:  Calm down.
Interviewer:  And
Interviewer:  Working very hard you'd say you were very?
911:  Tired.
Interviewer:  Any other ways of saying that? {NS}
911:  I've been working very hard I'm worn out.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say there is nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy about sometimes she acts kind of {NS}
911:  Nuts.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
911:  #1 Nutty #
Interviewer:  #2 Any other # Any other expressions?
911:  Crazy.
Interviewer:  What about the word queer or {D: queer}?
911:  Man's kinda queer? I don't think I'd put that in there. Eh what's wrong with Aunt Lizzy, but sometimes she acts kinda nutty. I'd be I'd go towards nutty. I guess I've heard it put she acts kinda queer. I don't think I'd use that that way much anymore though. That has a different meaning more of less to it now.
Interviewer:  What different meanings does it have? What did it first mean?
911:  #1 Well I think #
Interviewer:  #2 What does it mean now? #
911:  I think years back you might've used it that way well look watch out for Aunt Lizzy. She's acting a little bit queer.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh #
911:  #2 {NW} # That meant well kinda a bit on the fruit cake side.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Nowadays you come out and pop somebody like that they might think the guy is kinda funny you know? {X} Or she or he or whatever a little bit on the what's the other word for it? A little bit on the on the uh? {NS} Well you know what I am talking about a little bit on the?
Interviewer:  Homosexual.
911:  Homosexual side yeah.
Interviewer:  How long has it been meaning that? Since most of your life?
911:  #1 You know when I #
Interviewer:  #2 Or is that a recent #
911:  No when I when I go back to when I was growing up get into high school and what not we put the word queer on some cats we were trying to you know we're talking homosexual business but the older folks you know today they were still using it meaning Aunt Lizzy was kind of on the nutty side.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  But I don't think the older folks that are still around don't go for that. I think they, you know, just change in time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Did
911:  But I guess they don't use the word nutty either. I'd imagine they'd say a little bit eccentric. I wouldn't
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 say # that. You'd ask me what I'd say I'd say probably nuts.
Interviewer:  Did you used to use the word queer as a noun? #1 Say she was #
911:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  a queer? Meaning she was eccentric.
911:  {D:What do you mean?} No I don't think so. I think they use it more the way you put it there. Watch out {D:Frank} this is something or rather but she acts queer or sometime meaning not as a noun.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Meaning she's had strange behavior.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about the Spanish word for homosexual?
911:  Puto {C:Speaking Spanish}
Interviewer:  Puto {C: Speaking Spanish}
911:  Puto {C: Speaking Spanish}
Interviewer:  Is that very insulting or?
911:  Yeah that's pretty good. Now we don't kid around with that too much. Well I mean we there again depends on who. You know how close you are. You might #1 probably #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm #
911:  good close friend with that. Tell 'em his acting like one or if he shows up some strange looking set of clothes on you might tell 'em that. {NS} We we'd come out more than English would but that's that's just downright queer there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Does that word just refer to a man?
911:  Well if you put an A at the end of it and now you're not referring now to a homosexual woman though you referring to a prostitute.
Interviewer:  A male? #1 homosexual #
911:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 A #
911:  #2 Puto {C:speaking Spanish} # is a male you're calling somebody a homosexual. A male.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Now you put an A on it and turn it into Puta {C: Speaking Spanish} and you're now referring to a female but a prostitute. {NS}
Interviewer:  Hmm. What about the word Joto {C: Speaking Spanish}?
911:  That's the same. As- as a male as a male prostitute a male homosexual. {NS} But I mean to me they mean the same thing. Joto or puto {C: Speaking Spanish} {NS} To me it's the same thing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Male homosexual. {NS} Now how you come up with a female homosexual I don't know. Unless you took that Joto {C: Speaking Spanish} put an A- on the end of it. I don't know whether that'd work or not. I never thought about that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. That the word Puta {C: Speaking Spanish} means?
911:  To me it's always been
Interviewer:  #1 prostitute #
911:  #2 a prostitute # Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did they have that in {D: Speaking Spanish or Texas town}
911:  #1 {NW: mumbling} #
Interviewer:  #2 prostitutes? #
911:  Oh yeah. Holy smokes. They got a whole town down there about couple three miles outside of {X} Red light district.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Or boy's town.
Interviewer:  Prostitutions legal just?
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Anywhere in Mexico? #
911:  #2 {X} # Yeah. But in one place. They can't just spread 'em out all over town. They have one locality. And they build up bars and and uh. Places like that and little houses around. As long as they keep it in one area.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  As long as they go to the doctor once a week and get health certified and all that it's legal.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
911:  It's dirty. Holy smokes. Every time somebody comes down here from away from here, that's the first thing they want to see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {X} {NS} I guess the last time I take some cats over there and once they get there they're just disappointed you know? They think they are really going to see something. It's just pure filth. Uh. Well okay #1 next question. #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you think it # should be legal here?
911:  Here?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh. Should it be legal here?
Interviewer:  Or has there ever been any discussion about that?
911:  {NW} Are you talking about in Texas or are you talking about in the United States?
Interviewer:  Well both just I guess it would...
911:  I guess Texas sometime is kind of funny from the rest of the country {D:something funny} {D: I don't} What are you going to get into that old argument that if you can legalize female prostitution for men how come we can't have prostitute houses for women to go to? I got in that argument at a cocktail party one time. I don't see anything wrong with that. Uh. If you had legalized prostitution if it was kept in one place you know not make it a big area with big neon signs on it but {NS} Where these girls were licensed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  And had to had to be checked. periodically like once a week for disease or stuff like that. And it was controlled where you just couldn't all of the sudden show up as an independent. Where you had to be licensed just like uh I I just don't think there'd all that much wrong with it. I mean it might prevent some foolishness that goes on if it got you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {D: Mighta} I don't know maybe it wouldn't. That's kinda far-fetched statement. I got to think about that but Uh I I'm just pretty broad minded about a lot of things. If a gal wants to make a living that way and she's not hurting anybody and the guy wants to go spend his money there well get it on you know?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Uh. #1 But #
Interviewer:  #2 Um. #
911:  Huh?
Interviewer:  I guess you mentioned earlier the sort of Baptists conservatives.
911:  Oh my lord. They'd die. If you talked {D: like you just did}. They almost have a {D: big old heart attack} {D:think I'm damned} talked to them about having legalized prostitution. They'd probably would burn the state down.
Interviewer:  {NW} Um.
911:  Well it is just like the gambling There's girls that are going to do it anyways. They know they're available. And the guys there is enough men that know where they are and how to find 'em so they can send other people over there. It's going on. So just why not make it legal and control it rather than have 'em running around passing stuff on that you don't want to have? And you know?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {D:I don't} It's in every town in Texas. Of the size at all. Girls that you could get a hold of and you know? It's no secret to anybody so why not try and legalize it and control it somewhat? {NS}
Interviewer:  Say the person who had been well and suddenly got a disease. You'd say well. Yesterday they were fine then why is it that they?
911:  Got sick.
Interviewer:  And if a person went outside and its bad weather and came in was sneezing and his his eyes were running you'd say?
911:  Caught a cold.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Caught cold.
Interviewer:  And if it affected his voice, you'd say?
911:  Sore throat laryngitis.
Interviewer:  He sounded a little?
911:  Hoarse {NS}
Interviewer:  And if he did that you'd have a?
911:  Cough.
Interviewer:  And someone who can't hear anything at all. You say that he's?
911:  Deaf.
Interviewer:  And if a person say a man has been at work in- in the sun and he takes off his shirt and it is all wet. You'd say look how much I
911:  Sweated.
Interviewer:  And a sore that comes to a head is called a?
911:  Sore that comes to a head a ball?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Any other names for that?
911:  A ball a ball is a ball.
Interviewer:  What about when it opens? The stuff that comes out?
911:  Pus.
Interviewer:  And from a blister?
911:  What a blister?
Interviewer:  You know the stuff inside it? Is {NS}
911:  Well isn't that the same thing though is it?
Interviewer:  What would you call the stuff inside a blister?
911:  Well usually water.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the?
911:  The wound?
Interviewer:  And if the wound doesn't heal back right it gets sort of a skinless growth over it. It's gotta be cut out or burned out. You could- horses get that a lot on their legs. You call that?
911:  Hmm. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it called some kind of flesh?
911:  I don't
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
911:  #2 think so- #
Interviewer:  flesh or {D:crown} flesh?
911:  No. I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And if you have a little cut on your finger. Brown liquid medicine that stinks
911:  Iodine.
Interviewer:  What about a real bitter medicine? People used to take...
911:  Bitter?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What would they take for Malaria?
911:  Oh quinine. {NS} You thought I was going to say {D:well let's say I had an English friend once}. {NS} Quinine {C: IPA DIFFERENCE ADD} It's quinine {C: IPA DIFFERENCE ADD LATER}
Interviewer:  {NS} Say if someone was shot and didn't live. You'd say that he?
911:  Died.
Interviewer:  Any nicer ways of saying that?
911:  Passed away.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about a a joking way of saying it. As sort of a
911:  Kicked the bucket.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. You'd say he has been dead a week and nobody has figured out yet what he?
911:  Died of.
Interviewer:  And a place where people are buried?
911:  Cemetery.
Interviewer:  And what they put the body in?
911:  Coffin.
Interviewer:  And the ceremony
911:  #1 there's #
Interviewer:  #2 funeral # Huh?
911:  Funeral.
Interviewer:  And people dressed in black you say that they are in?
911:  Mourning.
Interviewer:  And on an average sort of day if someone asks you how you're feeling. You'd say?
911:  Pretty good.
Interviewer:  And when you're getting old and your joints start hurting you say you've got?
911:  Arthritis.
Interviewer:  Any other name for that?
911:  Bursitis.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing?
911:  Mm. No I think arthritis is worse, isn't it?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I don't think. I don't know if medically if it is the same thing or not but I think you {NS} get little touches of bursitis around and arthritis will cripple up the fingers and everything.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about a a disease um. People used to get the get a really bad sore throat and they'd choke up and?
911:  Strep throat.
Interviewer:  Something- something worse than that. That they died from.
911:  Oh um Smallpox?
Interviewer:  What about dip-
911:  Diphtheria.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And a disease where your {C: loud background noise} skin and eyeballs turn yellow.
911:  Skin and eyeballs? Is that hepatitis?
Interviewer:  It's, you get it along with hepatitis I think.
911:  Oh. Jaundice.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if you have a pain down here and have to have an operation?
911:  Appendicitis? {NS}
Interviewer:  Any old fashioned name for appendicitis?
911:  Not that I know of. Well not that I've heard.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Not that I've heard. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you ate something that didn't agree with you and it came back up. You'd say you had to?
911:  Throw up.
Interviewer:  Any other ways of saying that?
911:  Vomit.
Interviewer:  Which sounds nicer.
911:  Throw up.
Interviewer:  What about a really crude way? Of saying that.
911:  Up chuck.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Up chuck.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Anything else?
911:  Toss your cookies.
Interviewer:  Toss your cookies?
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I've never heard that.
911:  I got an Oh man I feel terrible I think I'm gonna toss my cookies.
Interviewer:  Does that sound sort of joking or does it sound crude or?
911:  Well it's just joking. To me.
Interviewer:  Say if a person threw up you'd say he was
911:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
911:  Sick to his stomach.
Interviewer:  And say if there was a {NS} Um. Something that you do everyday. If I ask if you to do it often. You'd say yes I?
911:  Yes I?
Interviewer:  All the time yes I?
911:  I do it all the time.
Interviewer:  And if you're asking me whether he does that sort of thing. You'd ask me?
911:  Does he do it all the time? {NW}
Interviewer:  And I'd say I don't smoke but he?
911:  Does.
Interviewer:  And if I ask you if you know a person. You might say well I don't know 'em but I?
911:  Know who he is.
Interviewer:  {D: Right. What of him?}
911:  I've heard of 'em.
Interviewer:  And do you ever hear {X: load background noise blocks audio}
911:  Yeah. I've heard tell of 'em. I've heard that. I've probably used it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Say that there was a loud noise and I asked you did I- did you?
911:  Hear that.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you say yes I?
911:  Heard it.
Interviewer:  And you say I think that's right but I'm?
911:  Not sure.
Interviewer:  And you'd say well I don't know if he did it or not but people? {NS}
911:  Say he did.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And the boy spending keeps on going over to the same girl's house he's spending a lot of time with her. You'd say that he's?
911:  Going steady.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any old fashioned way of saying that?
911:  No from my time forward is going steady.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say courting?
911:  Oh. Yeah well I've heard courting. Yeah they're courting. Whether they use it anymore I can't-. We never used it.
Interviewer:  Does that sound old fashioned to you?
911:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And he would be called her?
911:  Boyfriend.
Interviewer:  And she would be his?
911:  Girlfriend.
Interviewer:  Any old fashioned names for boyfriend or girlfriend?
911:  Yeah well going along with that courting I would imagine but I don't know what it'd be.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And if a boy comes home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say he has been?
911:  His little brother would say he'd been smooching.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} And when a girl stops letting the boys come over to see her. You'd say she?
911:  Broke up.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And he asked her to marry 'em but she?
911:  Turned 'em down.
Interviewer:  Any other ways of saying that?
911:  {NS} Told 'em no. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear threw 'em over or {X} Or gave 'em the sack or?
911:  Gave 'em the gate?
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 gave 'em the # sack. I've heard 'em one time or another yeah. jilted 'em.
Interviewer:  And you'd say they were engaged and all of the sudden she? {NS}
911:  Broke it off.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if she didn't turn him down you'd say they went ahead and got?
911:  Married.
Interviewer:  Any joking ways of saying?
911:  Hitched.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Hitched.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay {C:loud background noise} And the wedding the boy that stands up with the groom
911:  Best man.
Interviewer:  What about the woman that stands up with the bride? {NS}
911:  Mm. Maid of honor.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And what else do you have?
911:  Bride's maids.
Interviewer:  And a long time ago people in the community would get married other people would {NS} come by their house at night and make a lot of noise? Maybe beat on things or fire off riffles you'd call that a?
911:  Yeah uh they call that a- Chivaree
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I think. {NS} I never used it.
Interviewer:  But what did you hear about it? Is it something you've read about?
911:  I've read about it. Probably heard tell about it and read about it. Never used it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Is that chivaree
Interviewer:  Yeah that's that's one expression. Do you ever hear serenade or {D:belling}?
911:  Oh serenade yeah but I never heard it in terms like that.
Interviewer:  What's a serenade mean around here?
911:  {NS} Oh well you've got You've little group of musicians come outside the door or the window and
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Sing or play guitar or something.
Interviewer:  Do they still do that around here?
911:  Uh not not much I don't think. I serenade somebody. I think in the old days it had more meaning of {NW} the boyfriend would show up underneath the gal's window plays guitar and he'd sing songs to her.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  He's serenading her. Oh now I think probably I don't know around here but possibly in Mexico or someplace you might have a group of musicians that would go around {NS} places like motels or something like hotels and serenade outside the window. Hoping you throw down a dollar or something you know? {NS} What do they call 'em ma- I don't know little group of two or three musicians in a group.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Strolling around. Playing music. {NW}
Interviewer:  How would you use the words up or down over? Talking about location.
911:  Location?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Up down or over?
Interviewer:  Like if you went to Houston #1 you'd say? #
911:  #2 I'm going # up to Houston. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Why would you #1 say? #
911:  #2 {X} # Why would I say?
Interviewer:  Why would you say up?
911:  Well I'm going up. I guess looking at a map I'm going up.
Interviewer:  North you mean?
911:  Yeah. If I was going to Mexico City I'd say I'm going down to Mexico City. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS}
911:  If I was going to go see the guy across the street I'd be going over there. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What if you are going to {D:Loretta}? You'd?
911:  I'd be going up. You going up just darn near every place from here. {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  And say if there was trouble at a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the?
911:  Whole bunch.
Interviewer:  Any other terms besides bunch?
911:  They arrested the whole bunch. They arrested {NS} The whole gang.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about shooting match? #1 Do you ever hear #
911:  #2 Yeah # arrested the whole shooting match {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  And young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you call that a?
911:  Dance.
Interviewer:  Are there different kinds of old fashioned dances or?
911:  Uh I don't know if they're old fashioned or if they still do 'em anymore. They used to have sock hops.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 Or there's # still have those anymore or not. You take your shoes off and spend the night there in your socks. Or uh the sock hop used to have dances where the boys would invite the girls. I mean the girls would invite the boys.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
911:  And a {NW} That's what you talking about isn't it? Different kinds of dances? {X} Proms and things like that
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Still have that I think. Other kinds of dances? {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a hoedown or breakdown or?
911:  Hoedown that's kicker stuff. Going back to your kicker. Square dancing.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Yeah they used to do that quite a bit around here. I don't know if they still do or not. I never did.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {C:lots of background noise} Think children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four o'clock school?
911:  School's out.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And after vacation children would ask when does school?
911:  Start.
Interviewer:  And the child left home to go to school and didn't show up in school that day. You'd say she?
911:  Played hooky or skipped.
Interviewer:  And you go to school to get?
911:  An education.
Interviewer:  And after kindergarten you go into the?
911:  First grade.
Interviewer:  And after high school you go to?
911:  College.
Interviewer:  You'd say years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at?
911:  Desks.
Interviewer:  And each child has his own?
911:  Desk.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the?
911:  Library.
Interviewer:  And to mail a package?
911:  Post office.
Interviewer:  And you'd stay over night in a strange town at a?
911:  Hotel.
Interviewer:  And you'd see a play or a movie? At a?
911:  Theater.
Interviewer:  And if you have to have an operation you have to go into the?
911:  Hospital.
Interviewer:  And the woman that look after you?
911:  Nurse.
Interviewer:  And you catch a train at the?
911:  Station.
Interviewer:  Or you could call that?
911:  Depot.
Interviewer:  Or the rail?
911:  Rail railroad station.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say um {NS:lots of background noise} he ran down the spring board and what?
911:  Dove in.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and several children have?
911:  Several children have? Dived in.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And I was too scared to?
911:  Dive in.
Interviewer:  And if you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a?
911:  Belly-buster.
Interviewer:  And say a child puts her head down on the ground and rolls over you'd call that a?
911:  Somersault.
Interviewer:  And you'd say he dove in and what across?
911:  Swam across.
Interviewer:  And several children have?
911:  Swum across.
Interviewer:  And children like to?
911:  Swim.
Interviewer:  And if you can't swim and you get in the water you might?
911:  Drown.
Interviewer:  And yesterday he?
911:  Drowned.
Interviewer:  And when they pull 'em out he had already?
911:  Drowned. {NS}
Interviewer:  And say if you have a piece of furniture that doesn't fit in exactly in the corner but you just have it sort of diagonally so there's some space between the back of the furniture and the corner. You'd say it was sitting? {NS}
911:  You looking for a slang expression?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Cattywampus.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. How do you use that term? {NS}
911:  Hmm I don't use it very much. I know what you're talking about when you started telling me about the space between the Something that doesn't fit.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
911:  #2 Really. # Something that you got somewhere that doesn't fit is cattywampus.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Any other term like that? {NS}
911:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And years ago before they had buses in town they used to have? Maybe it would run on a track and?
911:  Oh a street car?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you tell the bus driver that this next corner is where I?
911:  Want to get off. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you'd say um in this county Brownsville is the?
911:  County seat.
Interviewer:  And if you are a postmaster you'd be working for the federal?
911:  government.
Interviewer:  And the police in town are supposed to maintain?
911:  Law and order. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the fight between the North and the South. Was called the?
911:  Civil war.
Interviewer:  Any other names for that?
911:  Yeah um. War between the states.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And you'd say I had a choice to think that at first I was going to do this but then I decided that I'd do that. What of this? {NS}
911:  {X}
Interviewer:  I decided to do that in-?
911:  Instead of this.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And before they had the electric chair murders were?
911:  Hung.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say the man went out and?
911:  Hung himself.
Interviewer:  And the biggest city in the country is in?
911:  New York. {NW}
Interviewer:  Not New York. New York City is in?
911:  New York state.
Interviewer:  And Baltimore is in?
911:  Maryland.
Interviewer:  And Boston is in?
911:  Massachusetts. {NW}
Interviewer:  And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called?
911:  New England states.
Interviewer:  What are some of the states in the Southeast?
911:  Southeast? Southeast.
Interviewer:  Or just in in this section of the country and then going?
911:  Going that way from Texas? Louisiana Alabama Mississippi Tennessee Florida Georgia North and South Carolina.
Interviewer:  There's North?
911:  South and North Carolina.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
911:  #1 {NW:grunt} #
Interviewer:  #2 What # about the states above Tennessee?
911:  Kentucky.
Interviewer:  And the biggest city there?
911:  In Kentucky? {NS} Would it be Lexington? I don't know.
Interviewer:  There's another one.
911:  Kentucky.
Interviewer:  Where they run the derby.
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  It's lou-
911:  Louisville.
Interviewer:  And Little Rock is the capital of?
911:  Arkansas.
Interviewer:  And the state above Arkansas? {NS} {NW}
911:  Oh, Texas. {NS}
Interviewer:  Starts with an M-.
911:  Montana.
Interviewer:  Or Mis-
911:  Missouri! Excuse me Montana. Missouri.
Interviewer:  What's the biggest city there?
911:  St. Louis.
Interviewer:  And {NS} Tulsa is in?
911:  Oklahoma.
Interviewer:  And the biggest city in Maryland? {NS}
911:  Baltimore?
Interviewer:  And the capital of the United States?
911:  Washington D.C.
Interviewer:  And the old sea port in South Carolina?
911:  The old sea port in South Carolina?
Interviewer:  Are what are some the cities in South Carolina?
911:  Is it Fort Sumter?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What else?
911:  Charleston.
Interviewer:  And the big city in Illinois?
911:  Chicago.
Interviewer:  And what are some of the cities in Alabama?
911:  {NS} Alabama. Hmm. Selma is that in Alabama?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Selma. Something happened there. That's why I remember that. Uh. Alabama. Montgomery.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
911:  Hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about the the biggest city? The steal making city?
911:  In Alabama?
Interviewer:  Starts with a B-. {NS}
911:  That's in Mississippi?
Interviewer:  What's that?
911:  Old Birmingham. Okay.
Interviewer:  What about the one on the gulf?
911:  In Alabama?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  It starts with a M-.
911:  With a M-. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you hear of Mo-?
911:  Mo- Mobile?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} And Richmond is in?
911:  Virginia. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the city after the mountains in North Carolina? {NS}
911:  You got me.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
911:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Raleigh
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever hear of Ash? Asheville or Asheville?
911:  Mm. What about? Probably have but I don't
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Don't remember.
Interviewer:  You've never been up in that section there?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  Some of the cities in Tennessee?
911:  {NS} Tennessee. {NS} Tennessee. {NS} I've never been there. {NW} Tennessee. {NW} I can't think of one. {NS} I can't. I'm drawing a blank.
Interviewer:  What about where the um the Grand Ole Opry is?
911:  Nashville okay.
Interviewer:  And Lookout Mountain?
911:  Chattanooga.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And in East Tennessee? The mountain? It starts with a K-. Do you ever hear of Knox-?
911:  Knoxville.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And where Martin Luther King was shot?
911:  Was that in Tennessee?
Interviewer:  It was in West Tennessee in the Delta.
911:  Mm.
Interviewer:  It starts with an M-
911:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of Mem-?
911:  Oh! Memphis. Okay. Yeah you just. I'm just drawing a blank here.
Interviewer:  What about some of the cities um in Georgia?
911:  In Georgia? Atlanta Savannah Macon. Uh.
Interviewer:  And the name of the person who supposed to have discovered America?
911:  Columbus.
Interviewer:  And a big city in Southern Ohio? {NS}
911:  Southern Ohio? Columbus Ohio.
Interviewer:  Another place. Do you watch baseball? It is where the Red S-
911:  Oh. Cincinnati. {NS}
Interviewer:  And some of the cities in Louisiana? {NS}
911:  Uh Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Houma.
Interviewer:  And?
911:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You say Belfast is in what country?
911:  Ireland.
Interviewer:  And Paris?
911:  France.
Interviewer:  And Moscow?
911:  Russia. {NS}
Interviewer:  And someone asks you to go with 'em some place and you're not sure you want to you'd say I don't know?
911:  If I want to go or not.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if you wanted someone to go with you you'd say well I won't go?
911:  Unless you do. {NS}
Interviewer:  And new people become members of a church you say they?
911:  Joined a church.
Interviewer:  And you go to church to pray to?
911:  God.
Interviewer:  And a preacher preaches a?
911:  Sermon. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the choir and the organist provide the?
911:  Music. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the enemy of God is called the?
911:  Devil. {NS}
Interviewer:  What other names for him?
911:  Satan. Satan Lucifer.
Interviewer:  What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave?
911:  The devil.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the boogerman?
911:  Oh yeah well the #1 boogerman. #
Interviewer:  #2 sandman #
911:  I don't think of the boogerman as the devil though.
Interviewer:  What do you think of? {NS}
911:  Oh that's just some unknown bad person you want to stay away from. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  What do people think they see around a graveyard at night?
911:  Ghosts. {NS}
Interviewer:  And a house that people are scared to go in?
911:  Haunted.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear any stories of haunted houses around here? {NS}
911:  Around here? I don't think so. Or there was one place what do they call that? House of blood. I don't know there's an old house but I don't remember about it I bet {B} told you about it though.
Interviewer:  I don't think so. Is it? It's supposed to be around here? {NS}
911:  It's not anymore. I just heard a story one time and I don't remember even what. I don't even remember where it was or what was something supposed to happen. now it wasn't really a haunted deal it was something. {NS}
Interviewer:  Some murder? Or something. {NS}
911:  Something like that. I don't remember any details. I remember just one time somebody {X} or somebody telling me about that house. House of blood or something. I don't know.
Interviewer:  {NS}
911:  Sketch but I can't remember. {NS}
Interviewer:  You tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting?
911:  Chilly.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you say well I'll go with you if you really want me to. But I?
911:  Rather not.
Interviewer:  And if you have not seen a good friend of yours in a long time what might you say when you saw 'em? You'd say I'm?
911:  Sure glad to see you again.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever use the word proud? I'm proud to see you.
911:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  And if someone says something kinda shocking and you sort of resented them saying it you might say well the very? What of you saying that? The very?
911:  Well the expression is the very idea. Isn't it? {NS} I don't think I well I wouldn't probably say that. But that's the expression I think, isn't it?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And you say it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was? {NS}
911:  Pretty cold. Awful cold.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
911:  Awful cold {X}
Interviewer:  Say if a person was doing some work like maybe hammering something and hit his thumb what might somebody say? What exclamation?
911:  {NW} {NS} You don't want that on that tape do you?
Interviewer:  Just what what different exclamations would- would people around here probably use?
911:  God damn.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  That would probably be the first one to come out of me. {NS} Or holy smokes.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS}
911:  They just not gonna come out. I don't know anybody that come out with stuff like oh my word or anything like that. It come out pretty strong.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What would you say if you were kinda something surprised you. What exclamation?
911:  Something surprised me? Probably the same thing as when I hit my hand with a hammer. Holy smokes probably. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about if you were kinda disgusted with yourself? You thought you'd done something stupid. What exclamations?
911:  You want that on that tape? {NW}
Interviewer:  {D: it is what?} What would you hear around here? {NS}
911:  Hmm. Oh shit probably.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
911:  Or {NS} There again God damn it I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask 'em then? {NW}
911:  How you doing?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. What about when you are introduced to a stranger?
911:  I- I'm glad to meet you.
Interviewer:  And anything you'd ask 'em?
911:  Oh standard stuff I guess. {NS} The str- what you'd ask #1 the stranger? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah do you # ever say how?
911:  How do you do?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do you say that much or?
911:  No I usually say well happy to meet you or glad to meet you.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Nice to know you.
Interviewer:  What would you say to someone around December twenty-fifth?
911:  Merry Christmas.
Interviewer:  And on the first of January?
911:  Happy New Year.
Interviewer:  Anything else people used to say? {NS}
911:  Hmm.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear Christmas gift? People say that to each other.
911:  Mm-mm {C:negative} {NS}
Interviewer:  And {NS} you say I have to go downtown to do some?
911:  Shopping.
Interviewer:  And say if you bought something and you say the store people took out a piece of paper and?
911:  Wrapped it.
Interviewer:  And when I got home I?
911:  Unwrapped it.
Interviewer:  And if you had to sell something for two dollars that you'd pay three dollars you'd be lessing it?
911:  At a profit.
Interviewer:  Or no you bought it for three dollars.
911:  Oh so at a loss.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if you like something but don't have enough money you'd say its? What too much?
911:  Costs too much.
Interviewer:  And on the first of the month your bill is? {NS}
911:  The first of the month the bill is due.
Interviewer:  And if you belong to a club you have to pay your?
911:  Dues.
Interviewer:  And if you don't have any money you could go to the bank and?
911:  Borrow some.
Interviewer:  And you say in the thirties money was?
911:  Tight.
Interviewer:  Or another wor-?
911:  Scarce.
Interviewer:  And some places if you buy something will pay your bill. Some storekeepers will give you little presents and say that its And call that what?
911:  They give you a present?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Maybe a little extra.
911:  Hmm just a little I don't know. I know what your talking about. I don't know what they'd call it.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of Lagniappe and pilon?
911:  Pilon yeah.
Interviewer:  What is that?
911:  Uh you go in the store you buy like for example let's say how much is that candy and they said two for a penny.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Give 'em a dime and they would give me ten of 'em. And he'd count 'em out and he'd throw one in and say here have one for pilon Just kinda it means kinda like extra or for just for nothing. Or something like that. {NS}
Interviewer:  And what does a baby do before its able to walk?
911:  Crawl.
Interviewer:  And if you were tired you'd say I think I'll go over to the couch and?
911:  Lie down.
Interviewer:  And you said he was really sick he couldn't even sit up. All morning he just? What in bed? {NS}
911:  Lied in bed. Laid in bed.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say she walked up to the alter and? What down?
911:  Kneeled down.
Interviewer:  Hmm?
911:  Kneel down.
Interviewer:  And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you?
911:  Stomped your foot.
Interviewer:  And if you saw a friend of yours going someplace walking and you had your car you'd say can I?
911:  Give you a ride.
Interviewer:  Or can I what you home?
911:  Take you home.
Interviewer:  And to get something to come towards you you take hold of it and?
911:  Pull it.
Interviewer:  And the other way would be?
911:  Push it. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you'd say it was so cold last night that the pipe?
911:  Froze.
Interviewer:  And?
911:  Broke busted.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you say the pipe has already?
911:  Busted.
Interviewer:  Because the water has?
911:  Frozen.
Interviewer:  And {NW} if it gets very cold ice will?
911:  Break. {NS}
Interviewer:  Will?
911:  Bust.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Because the water will?
911:  Freeze.
Interviewer:  And {NS} You'd say um all night long the wind? {NS}
911:  Blew.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and the wind has?
911:  Blown.
Interviewer:  And the wind started to?
911:  Blow.
Interviewer:  And the wind is from this direction you say it's? {NS}
911:  From the North.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
911:  What did I? Oh.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  That's the East. Okay.
Interviewer:  When halfway between North and East you call {D:a}?
911:  Northeast.
Interviewer:  And between North and West?
911:  Northwest.
Interviewer:  And West and South?
911:  Southwest.
Interviewer:  And East and South?
911:  Southeast.
Interviewer:  And if the wind had been gentle and was gradually getting stronger you'd say it was?
911:  Picking up.
Interviewer:  What about just the opposite?
911:  Dying down.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And if you had a a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say you picked it up and?
911:  Carried it home.
Interviewer:  Anything you'd say besides carried?
911:  No don't think so.
Interviewer:  Do you ever say toted or lugged or {D:packed}?
911:  No I might say lugged.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
911:  #2 {X} # I've heard tote but I've never used it. Might say lugged.
Interviewer:  Does lugged give you the idea that something is very heavy or clumsy?
911:  Well I'd say lugged. I would be more inclined to say lugged if it was a lot heavier say than a sack of groceries. Something really monstrous I'd say man I lugged this thing all the way home.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  With something small I'd just say carried it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And you tell a child now that stove is hot so?
911:  Don't touch it.
Interviewer:  And if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go?
911:  Bring me a hammer.
Interviewer:  And a game that children play where one child will be it and other children will hide?
911:  Hide and go seek.
Interviewer:  What do they call the tree that you touch and be safe?
911:  Base.
Interviewer:  And in football you run toward the?
911:  Goal-line.
Interviewer:  And {NS} You'd say um you'd say that he wasn't really going to hit his little brother but he he showed 'em his fist and he what he was gonna hit 'em?
911:  Acted like he was going to.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And say if we were planning to meet in town. I'd say well there's no need to hurry if I get there first I'll?
911:  Wait for you.
Interviewer:  And if you were about to punish a child he might ask you not to punish him just give me one more?
911:  Chance.
Interviewer:  And someone always catches onto a joke. You'd say he's got a good sense of?
911:  Humor.
Interviewer:  And if you have say you've got termites you'd say well I'm sure the exterminating company will? Will get?
911:  Get rid of 'em.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say {D:shed} of 'em?
911:  Mm-hmm. I've heard it. Don't use it, but I've heard it.
Interviewer:  It's sort of a?
911:  Hmm. I think it's I don't know if I'd still use it or not. I don't use it much around here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Maybe more another part of the country.
Interviewer:  Is that kinda like a {D: nerry}? {X}
911:  Yeah probably so.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {D: Nerry want to get shed of 'em}
Interviewer:  And say a child left her pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there. She'd say I bet somebody?
911:  Took it.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Anything else you'd say?
911:  Stole it.
Interviewer:  And if I ask you um. When are y'all going to Houston, you'd say well right now we're what to go next week?
911:  Set to go.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever say you're aiming to go or fixing to go?
911:  Mm. I usually just say fixing. {NS} I say that some.
Interviewer:  Does fixing mean in the future or does it mean sort of immediately?
911:  I'd be more inclined to say if somebody asked you were to ask me when are you going to the such and such of place now I say I'm fixing to go right now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  {NS} Um. I don't think I'd particularly use it if I was going to tell you next month. I can't see myself saying I'm fixing to go next month.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  I might. It fits in alright.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Say a child learned something new. You wanted to know where she learned it. You'd say who?
911:  Taught you that.
Interviewer:  And You'd say I have just what him a letter?
911:  Written him a letter.
Interviewer:  And yesterday he?
911:  Wrote me a letter.
Interviewer:  And tomorrow?
911:  Write him another letter.
Interviewer:  And you'd say I wrote 'em in turn I was getting a?
911:  Letter. Reply.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you put the letter in the envelope and you take our your pen and you?
911:  Address it.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Any old-fashioned way of saying that?
911:  Post it.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear back it?
911:  Mm-mm {c:negative} Oh post it doesn't mean that. No.
Interviewer:  I was going to write him but I didn't know his?
911:  Address.
Interviewer:  And a child is always running and telling on other children you call him a?
911:  Tattle-tale.
Interviewer:  Would you use that word about a grown person?
911:  Nowadays?
Interviewer:  Or did you ever hear it used by a grown person?
911:  I don't think so. Usually kids.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  He's a tattle-tale. No, usually kids.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the word pimp used to mean tattle-tale?
911:  No.
Interviewer:  Do you hear it in connection with prostitution or?
911:  Well yeah.
Interviewer:  Any other meaning? {NS}
911:  Mm no. Tell you an expression about that but you better not put it on that tape. {NW}
Interviewer:  What's that?
911:  {NS} What they say about {NS} two guys that will never make it in life. {NS} is a nervous gambler and a jealous pimp. {NS} {NW} You better take that off that tape {NS}
Interviewer:  {C: starts speaking but can't hear over coughing} {NW} brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot things growing out in your yard. You'd go out and? {NS}
911:  I don't I didn't- run back through again.
Interviewer:  If you wanted to brighten up your room. You had a lot
911:  Oh. Pick some flowers.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And something there's something bad you expected to happen. {NS} Like you'd been telling everyone it's gonna happen. Like someone is walking along a top of a fence and you expect 'em to fall off. And someone comes in and tells you he's fallen off. You'd say I just?
911:  Knew that was gonna happen.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And something that a child plays with, you'd call a?
911:  Toy.
Interviewer:  Any other name? {NS}
911:  I wouldn't. I would call it a toy.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear play-pretty? {NS}
911:  Play-pretty. Mm I think so. Seems to me I've heard it. I don't remember exactly by whom or meaning what.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You wouldn't use it yourself?
911:  Mm-mm {C:negative} {NS}
Interviewer:  Say um. You get someone a bracelet and you want to see how it looks on 'em. You'd say um why don't you?
911:  Try it on.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Or?
911:  Put it on.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And you'd say you can't get through there cuz the highway department took their machines in. The road is all? {NS}
911:  Torn up.
Interviewer:  And {NS} You'd say we had to get up and start work before? {NS}
911:  Daylight.
Interviewer:  Or? Another way of
911:  #1 saying that? #
Interviewer:  #2 Break huh? # Before sun?
911:  Sun up.
Interviewer:  And we worked until?
911:  Dark.
Interviewer:  Or until su-?
911:  Dusk. Sun down.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you say this morning I saw the sun?
911:  Rise.
Interviewer:  And at six o'clock this morning the sun?
911:  Six o'clock this morning?
Interviewer:  Well seven o'clock maybe? The sun?
911:  Don't know. Sun- Ro- ro- rose. Okay I thought you were looking for sunset. Sun rose.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And you'd say when I got outside the sun had already?
911:  Set.
Interviewer:  Or?
911:  Risen.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Risen.
Interviewer:  And if it's cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a?
911:  Freeze.
Interviewer:  {NS} What if it's not as hard as that?
911:  Frost.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say {NS} it was so cold last nigh that the lake? {NS}
911:  Froze.
Interviewer:  What if it just froze just around the edges just a thin ice. What would you say then? {C:background noise at end} {NS}
911:  I don't know. I've never been around a lake that did that. I really don't. I don't know what you'd say. Around the edges. {NS}
Interviewer:  How cold does it get here in the Winter?
911:  Huh. We get half a dozen days maybe ten days where it gets down to thirty-two or thirty. Stays in the forties most of the time. {NS}
Interviewer:  Say if um {NS} if I ask you how long your your family has lived in Brownsville. You'd say we've what lived here? We've?
911:  Always.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And you'd say he moved here in nineteen sixty and he's lived here
911:  #1 ever #
Interviewer:  #2 ever? #
911:  since. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you say that wasn't an accident. He did that? {NS}
911:  On purpose. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you'd say she what him with a big knife?
911:  Stabbed him.
Interviewer:  And say a teacher goes into a classroom and sees a a picture on the blackboard. She'd ask who? {NS}
911:  Drew this. {NS}
Interviewer:  And if wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up to a roof you could use pulley blocks and a rope to? {NS}
911:  To lift it.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Or in other words?
911:  Raise it.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever say hoist it or hoist {C: pronunciation} it?
911:  Mm hoist maybe. {NS}
Interviewer:  You wouldn't use that much though? {NS}
911:  No. I don't think so. {NS}
Interviewer:  And talking about how tall rooms are. You'd say this room is about? {NS}
911:  Eight feet tall? {NS}
Interviewer:  And do you ever hear an old fashioned name for living room? {NS}
911:  Parlor.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you think of a parlor? {X}
911:  {D:Stuff} in a room.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Did you ever live in a house that had a parlor?
911:  Mm-mm {c:negative} {NS}
Interviewer:  And you'd say um today is is Tuesday so Monday was?
911:  Yesterday.
Interviewer:  And Wednesday is?
911:  Tomorrow.
Interviewer:  And someone came here on a Sunday Not last Sunday but a week earlier than that. You'd say he came here?
911:  Sunday before last.
Interviewer:  And if he was gonna leave not this Sunday but a week beyond that it would be? {NS}
911:  A week from Sunday.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Do you ever hear people say Sunday week?
911:  Mm-hmm Yeah I've said it before at times. Sunday week.
Interviewer:  That mean in the future?
911:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And {NS} someone stays from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about?
911:  Two weeks. {NS}
Interviewer:  Any other name for that?
911:  No. The old days I imagine they said a fortnight.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  I don't. {NS}
Interviewer:  And if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody? {NS}
911:  What time is it?
Interviewer:  And you could look at your?
911:  Watch.
Interviewer:  And if it was midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock? You'd say that it was? {NS}
911:  Seven thirty.
Interviewer:  Or another way of saying that?
911:  Half past seven.
Interviewer:  And just fifteen minutes later than that? You'd say that it was?
911:  Seven forty-five?
Interviewer:  Or?
911:  Quarter till eight. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you'd say? {NS} Nineteen seventy-three was last year, nineteen seventy-four is?
911:  This year.
Interviewer:  And if you have been doing something for a long time. You'd say I've been doing that for quite a?
911:  While.
Interviewer:  And a child has just had his third birthday. You'd say that he's?
911:  Three years old.
Interviewer:  And if something happened on this day last year. You'd say it happened exactly?
911:  One year ago.
Interviewer:  And now if you could start counting slowly. {NS}
911:  From one?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
911:  One. {NS} Two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you'd say the number after nineteen?
911:  Twenty.
Interviewer:  And after twenty-six?
911:  Twenty-seven.
Interviewer:  And twenty-nine?
911:  Thirty.
Interviewer:  Thirty-nine?
911:  Forty.
Interviewer:  Sixty-nine?
911:  Seventy.
Interviewer:  Ninety-nine?
911:  A hundred.
Interviewer:  Nine hundred ninety-nine?
911:  Thousand.
Interviewer:  And ten times one hundred thousand?
911:  A million.
Interviewer:  And if there are some people standing in line? {NS} There's eleven people that, the man the last man, is the eleventh man. The man at the head of the line is the?
911:  First.
Interviewer:  And behind him is the?
911:  Second.
Interviewer:  And keep going.
911:  Third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And you say sometimes you feel that you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all?
911:  At once.
Interviewer:  {NS} And {NS} you'd say if you got twenty bushels to acre last year this year you got forty. You'd say this year's crop was exactly?
911:  Twice as good. {NS}
Interviewer:  And would you name the months of the year? {NS}
911:  January February March April May June July August {NS} September October November December.
Interviewer:  And the days of the week? {NS}
911:  Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Su- yeah. {NW}
Interviewer:  Is there another name for Saturday or Sunday? {NS}
911:  Weekend. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about the name sabbath? Do you ever?
911:  I never use it. {NS} I've heard it but I've never used it. For Sunday?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  I never used it.
Interviewer:  Who who uses it?
911:  I don't know anybody that does. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you meet someone during the early part of the day. What do you say as a greeting?
911:  Good morning.
Interviewer:  How long does morning last? {NS}
911:  Mm twelve noon. {NS}
Interviewer:  And then you have?
911:  Good afternoon.
Interviewer:  And how long does the afternoon last? {NS}
911:  About six o'clock.
Interviewer:  And then you have?
911:  Good evening. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And if you were meeting someone at around eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything as you were leaving?
911:  See you later.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Would you use the expression good day?
911:  I don't think so. I heard it but I never used it.
Interviewer:  What about if you were leaving someone's house after dark? {NS}
911:  Good night. {NS}
Interviewer:  And {NS} to find out the weather you look up at the sky and say I don't like the look of those black?
911:  Clouds.
Interviewer:  And on a day where the sun is shinning and you don't see any clouds? You call that a?
911:  Clear day.
Interviewer:  What about a just the opposite kind of day?
911:  Gloomy day.
Interviewer:  Huh?
911:  Cloudy day.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you think it's going to rain in a little while You'd say the weather was? {NS}
911:  Mm building up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you ever say it's changing or
911:  #1 Oh I'd #
Interviewer:  #2 gathering #
911:  say changing yeah. Weather is changing.
Interviewer:  What do you mean changing?
911:  Well like you said there from sunny to overcast cloudy.
Interviewer:  What if it had been cloudy and the clouds pull away? You'd say it's finally going to?
911:  Clear up. {NS}
Interviewer:  And {NS} if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you say your having a?
911:  Drought.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS} And a whole lot of wa- rain that is just suddenly comes down?
911:  Downpour.
Interviewer:  Any other names for that?
911:  Cloud burst.
Interviewer:  What if there is thunder and lightening in it?
911:  Mm. Thunderstorm.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if it is not as heavy as a cloud burst or you'd call it a?
911:  Sprinkle.
Interviewer:  What else? {NS}
911:  Mm. {NS} I don't know.
Interviewer:  You'd say this morning we had a little?
911:  Rain.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
911:  Shower.
Interviewer:  What's the different between a shower and a sprinkle?
911:  Oh a shower is a little heavier maybe. Sprinkle to me is just drops.
Interviewer:  What about something that lasts a long time? {NS}
911:  Mm. {NS} Long. {NW} Um. That lasts a long time?
Interviewer:  Do you ever use the term drizzle?
911:  Mm around here we usually use yeah I use drizzle some or mist.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What's the difference?
911:  Well around here we get this little fine stuff
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
911:  Not enough to wet anything just mess everything up. Just kind of hanging in the air. We usually call it well I'd call it mist. It's misting.
Interviewer:  What is a drizzle like?
911:  Little heavier.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And if you get up in the morning and you can't see across the road. You call that a? {NS}
911:  A rain?
Interviewer:  Or not a rain but just
911:  Fog.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And a day like that you call a?
911:  Foggy day.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. {NS}